Sediment Decontamination Sediment Decontamination for Navigational and for Navigational and

Environmental Remediation Environmental Remediation and Restoration and Restoration

Case Study – Passaic River, Case Study – Passaic River, NJNJ

E.A. Stern (USEPA)E.A. Stern (USEPA)K.W. Jones (DOE-BNL)K.W. Jones (DOE-BNL)

W.S. Douglas (NJDOT-OMR)W.S. Douglas (NJDOT-OMR)H. Feng (MSU)H. Feng (MSU)

N.L. CLesceri (RPI-NSF)N.L. CLesceri (RPI-NSF)

Passaic River SymposiumPassaic River SymposiumMontclair State UniversityMontclair State University

9 June 20049 June 2004

ChallengeChallenge• Contaminants in sediment:Contaminants in sediment:

– Pose an ecological and human Pose an ecological and human health risk in the river and health risk in the river and contributes to risk harbor-wide;contributes to risk harbor-wide;

– Contribute to contaminant loading Contribute to contaminant loading in the harborin the harbor

– Impact dredged material and port Impact dredged material and port managementmanagement

– Impact future waterfront Impact future waterfront development opportunitiesdevelopment opportunities

Integrated ApproachIntegrated ApproachContaminated Sediment Contaminated Sediment

Management Management Remediation/RestorationRemediation/Restoration

•Materials HandlingMaterials Handling•Environmental Precision DredgingEnvironmental Precision Dredging•Capping + Reactive CAPSCapping + Reactive CAPS •Stabilization/Solidification + (ox)Stabilization/Solidification + (ox)

Multi complex contaminantsMulti complex contaminants(TCDD, PAHs, Pb, Hg, Cr)(TCDD, PAHs, Pb, Hg, Cr)

Integrated ApproachIntegrated ApproachContaminated Sediment Contaminated Sediment

Management Management Remediation/RestorationRemediation/Restoration

• CDFs/CAD ManagementCDFs/CAD Management– StorageStorage

Innovative Sediment Decontamination Innovative Sediment Decontamination TechnologiesTechnologies Thermal/non-thermalsThermal/non-thermals Treatment Train/Systems ApproachTreatment Train/Systems Approach

• In-Situ BioremediationIn-Situ Bioremediation– MudflatsMudflats

Remediation / RestorationRemediation / Restoration

• Treatment Train Concept vs. UnitsTreatment Train Concept vs. Units

• Beneficial Use - ResourceBeneficial Use - Resource

• Multi-Media ProcessingMulti-Media Processing– Steady Stream of MaterialSteady Stream of Material

• Long-Term Self-Sustaining EnterprisesLong-Term Self-Sustaining Enterprises– Venture CapitalVenture Capital

Remediation / Remediation / RestorationRestoration

• Cross-Program ApplicationsCross-Program Applications– Superfund, Brownfields, Water, Superfund, Brownfields, Water,

Dredged Material Management, Dredged Material Management, Contaminated SedimentsContaminated Sediments

Dredged Material Dredged Material Contaminated Sediments is Contaminated Sediments is

a Resourcea Resource

• Develop Long-term Self Develop Long-term Self Sustaining Enterprises in the Sustaining Enterprises in the Environmental Management of Environmental Management of Contaminated SedimentsContaminated Sediments

• Environmental ManufacturingEnvironmental Manufacturing

Sediment Sediment Decontamination Decontamination

(component) Fits Into a (component) Fits Into a Matrix of Dredged Matrix of Dredged

Material / Contaminated Material / Contaminated Sediment Management, Sediment Management,

Environmental Environmental Restoration ScenariosRestoration Scenarios

Coupled with Coupled with EconomicEconomic Drivers for Re- Drivers for Re-Vitalization/Development using Vitalization/Development using

Beneficial UseBeneficial Use products Derived from products Derived from Dredged Materials for Ports and Dredged Materials for Ports and

WaterwaysWaterways

USEPA, BNL, USACE WRDA USEPA, BNL, USACE WRDA 92,96,9992,96,99

NJMR Regional Sediment NJMR Regional Sediment Decontamination ProgramsDecontamination Programs

• Demonstrate decontamination of Demonstrate decontamination of at least 500,000 cy/yr of dredged at least 500,000 cy/yr of dredged materials from NY/NJ harbor with materials from NY/NJ harbor with the creation of the creation of marketablemarketable Beneficial Use End ProductsBeneficial Use End Products– environmental manufacturingenvironmental manufacturing– treatment trainstreatment trains– low/competitive costs ($29 cy)low/competitive costs ($29 cy)– $20 mill/$20 mill$20 mill/$20 mill

Technologies Tested Technologies Tested WRDA/NJMR WRDA/NJMR

Decontamination ProgramsDecontamination Programs

• Sediment WashingSediment Washing

• Thermo-Chemical Rotary KilnThermo-Chemical Rotary Kiln

• Plasma-Arc VitrificationPlasma-Arc Vitrification

• Base-Catalyzed DecompositionBase-Catalyzed Decomposition

• Thermal DesorptionThermal Desorption

• Solvent ExtractionSolvent Extraction

• Solidification/Stabilization with Solidification/Stabilization with OxidationOxidation

• Fluidized Bed ReactorFluidized Bed Reactor

Full/Commercial ScaleFull/Commercial Scale

• BioGenesis EnterprisesBioGenesis Enterprises – Sediment washingSediment washing

• Gas Technology InstituteGas Technology Institute– Thermo-chemical rotary kilnThermo-chemical rotary kiln

• Jay Cashman Inc./Upcycle AggregatesJay Cashman Inc./Upcycle Aggregates– Rotary kilnRotary kiln

• Harbor Resource Environmental Harbor Resource Environmental Group, IncGroup, Inc– Solidification/stabilization/oxidationSolidification/stabilization/oxidation

• Westinghouse/Solena GroupWestinghouse/Solena Group– Plasma-arc vitrification (co-gen)Plasma-arc vitrification (co-gen)

Sediment Sediment DecontaminationDecontamination

Port Development LinkPort Development Link• Passaic River Corridor Restoration and Re-Passaic River Corridor Restoration and Re-

Vitalization (Newark, NJ)Vitalization (Newark, NJ)– Decontamination with Beneficial UseDecontamination with Beneficial Use– Pollution Prevention Strategy / CARPPollution Prevention Strategy / CARP

•Source track-down – TMDL’s Source track-down – TMDL’s

– Port of New York & New Port of New York & New JerseyJersey•Environmental, Economic, HabitatEnvironmental, Economic, Habitat

– Port Newark Marine TerminalPort Newark Marine Terminal

3-D Sediment Visualization

6 mile Lower Passaic River

Port of NY & NJ

Newark Bay

Port Newark

Pt. Elizabeth

Kill van Kull

Environmental Dredging - Environmental Dredging - Decontamination Decontamination

IntegrationIntegration

• ““Hot” Channels (Passaic River & Hot” Channels (Passaic River & Gowanus Canal)Gowanus Canal)

• Off channel hot spots (outfalls and Off channel hot spots (outfalls and depositional areas)depositional areas)

• Mass Removal (hot spot)Mass Removal (hot spot)

• Economic Restoration (brownfields) – Economic Restoration (brownfields) – beneficial usebeneficial use

• Environmental RestorationEnvironmental Restoration

Comprehensive Comprehensive RestorationRestoration• Beneficial use products for local Beneficial use products for local

developmentdevelopment– Buildings, bike paths, landscaping, Buildings, bike paths, landscaping,

roadways, greenways roadways, greenways

• Passaic R. Waterfront DevelopmentPassaic R. Waterfront Development– Allow Public Access Allow Public Access

• Brownfield Reclamation and Landfill Brownfield Reclamation and Landfill ClosureClosure

• Wetland RestorationWetland Restoration

Gas Technology Institute Gas Technology Institute Cement-LockCement-Lock

An advanced thermo-chemical An advanced thermo-chemical process for decontaminating process for decontaminating dredged materials, contaminated dredged materials, contaminated sediments, soils, and sludge's:sediments, soils, and sludge's:

Sediment is transformed into construction-grade cement that meets ASTM standards

Organic contaminants are destroyed with DREs > 99%

Heavy metals are immobilized in the cement matrix not exceeding TCLP limits

Gas Technology InstituteGas Technology InstituteThermal-chemical rotary Thermal-chemical rotary

kilnkiln2004/052004/05

• WRDA/OMR Programs since 1995WRDA/OMR Programs since 1995• Bench, Pilot, Full-scale (15,000 ydBench, Pilot, Full-scale (15,000 yd3 3 test kiln)test kiln)• IMTT Bayonne, NJIMTT Bayonne, NJ

– 400 yd3 demo – start-up Nov. 03400 yd3 demo – start-up Nov. 03– Shakedown – redesign/engineer Jan. 04Shakedown – redesign/engineer Jan. 04– Start-up June 21Start-up June 21stst – complete demo – complete demo

• Ecomelt/Construction Grade CementEcomelt/Construction Grade Cement– MSU sidewalksMSU sidewalks

• July 2005 – Passaic River demoJuly 2005 – Passaic River demo– DRE’s, Mass balance, beneficial useDRE’s, Mass balance, beneficial use

Cement Lock Demonstration Plant

Cement Lock Demo Plant

EcomeltGenerator

Secondary Combustion Chamber

Flue Gas Quencher

EcomeltGranulator

Interior View of Kiln – 2500 degrees F – Molten

Sediment

EcoMelt

Pulverized EcoMelt

Beneficial Use

Construction Grade Cement/Concrete

Cement Lock Back End

Pollution Control Equipment

EcomeltHopper

LimeHopper

ActivatedCarbon Adsorber

Baghouse

Flue Gas Quencher

BioGenesis EnterprisesBioGenesis EnterprisesSediment Washing Process Sediment Washing Process

– 2004/05– 2004/05• WRDA/OMR Programs since 1995WRDA/OMR Programs since 1995• Bench, Pilot, Full/Commercial ScaleBench, Pilot, Full/Commercial Scale• Bayshore Recycling – Keasbey, NJBayshore Recycling – Keasbey, NJ

– Former Carborundum Brick Former Carborundum Brick – Raritan RiverRaritan River

• Fall 2004 – 50,000 ydFall 2004 – 50,000 yd33 demo demo – 250,000 yd250,000 yd33/yr system/yr system– Manufactured soilManufactured soil

• July 2005 – Passaic River demoJuly 2005 – Passaic River demo– DRE’s, mass balance, beneficial useDRE’s, mass balance, beneficial use

BioGenesis BioGenesis Pilot-scale Pilot-scale

Demonstration Kearny, Demonstration Kearny, New Jersey New Jersey

Sediment Treatment Sediment Treatment

Pilot Project Pilot Project

Venice, Italy Venice, Italy

Autorità Portuale di Venezia

BioGenesis BioGenesis Pilot-Scale DemoPilot-Scale Demo

Venice, Italy Port AuthorityVenice, Italy Port Authority

Post Centrifuged Material – BioGenesis

Pre Manufactured Soil Production

Manufactured Soil Manufactured Soil BioGenesis Pilot ProjectBioGenesis Pilot Project

Top Soil/Potting Soil

Compost

Finish Grading Material for Construction

Cap or cover materials for landfills

Restoration Material

Top Soil/Potting Soil

Compost

Finish Grading Material for Construction

Cap or cover materials for landfills

Restoration Material

Beneficial Use Products Beneficial Use Products and Marketsand Markets

Potential Uses of Modified Final Product

Topsoil for Eco Restoration

Topsoil for Landscaping

Gravel from Crushed Cobbles

Sediment / PolymerPavers

Sediment / Polymer Landscaping Blocks

Sediment / PolymerBelgium Block Curb

Sediment / Polymer Structural Block

Sediment / PolymerDecorative Block

Polymer / SedimentSpray Coating

Green Roof Sediment in Vegetative Layer

Monotech Wall Panels

Sediment in Monocrete Shell

Sediment / PolymerWall Panels

Sediment Based Products:Polymer/Composite ResearchBASF CorporationSUNY Stony BrookBrookhaven National LaboratoryUSEPA Region 2/ORD

Sediment / PolymerFloor Tiles

Passaic River – Passaic River – InnovationInnovation

• Regional Sediment DecontaminationRegional Sediment Decontamination– $42 million (Federal / State Partnership)$42 million (Federal / State Partnership)

• 1993-Present1993-Present

– Focus on Dredged MaterialFocus on Dredged Material– Treatment Train Process Treatment Train Process – Materials HandlingMaterials Handling– Siting / Facility InfrastructureSiting / Facility Infrastructure– Beneficial UseBeneficial Use

• Dredged Material Dredged Material – Contaminated Sediments (chemistry-techno.)Contaminated Sediments (chemistry-techno.)– Dirt is DirtDirt is Dirt

Passaic River - Passaic River - InnovationInnovation

• Next Logical StepNext Logical Step – Application to – Application to Passaic River Sediments with Passaic River Sediments with Technologies Piloted under WRDA/OMR Technologies Piloted under WRDA/OMR Dcon ProgramsDcon Programs– Full/Commercial Scale ReadinessFull/Commercial Scale Readiness

• NJDOT-OMR (Passaic)NJDOT-OMR (Passaic)– (1) Dredging Technology(1) Dredging Technology– (2) Sediment Decontamination Treatability(2) Sediment Decontamination Treatability– Integration with EPA WRDA Dcon ProgramIntegration with EPA WRDA Dcon Program

Passaic River - Passaic River - InnovationInnovation

• Conduct Treatability Studies as part Conduct Treatability Studies as part of the RI/FS Processof the RI/FS Process– EPA GLNPO ARCS ProgramEPA GLNPO ARCS Program– Grasse RiverGrasse River– Lower Fox RiverLower Fox River

• ROD Issued vs. Post ROD (data)ROD Issued vs. Post ROD (data)Pre- Engineering Pre- Engineering ConstructionConstruction

One Integrated Component of a RODOne Integrated Component of a ROD

Riverine - Canal Riverine - Canal Restoration Using Restoration Using

Integrated TechnologiesIntegrated Technologies• Highest Conc.Highest Conc. of Contaminated Sedimentsof Contaminated Sediments

• TCDD, PCBs, PAHs, Hg, Cr, Pb TCDD, PCBs, PAHs, Hg, Cr, Pb – depositional areas, channels, point depositional areas, channels, point

sources, specific sitessources, specific sites

• ThermalThermal Technologies: Technologies:– GTI/Cement Lock - Rotary Kiln (cement)GTI/Cement Lock - Rotary Kiln (cement)– JCI/Upcycle - Rotary Kiln (LWA)JCI/Upcycle - Rotary Kiln (LWA)– Westinghouse/Solena - Vitrification Westinghouse/Solena - Vitrification

(glass-co-generation)(glass-co-generation)

• Building - Geotechnical Materials, Pedestrian Building - Geotechnical Materials, Pedestrian Malls, Bicycle Paths, Roadways, tiles Malls, Bicycle Paths, Roadways, tiles

Riverine - Canal Riverine - Canal RestorationRestoration

• Moderate - High ConcentrationsModerate - High Concentrations

• Non-Thermal Technologies:Non-Thermal Technologies:– BioGenesis/Montgomery Watson HarzaBioGenesis/Montgomery Watson Harza

•(Soil/Sediment Washing)(Soil/Sediment Washing)– Harbor Resource Environmental Group, Harbor Resource Environmental Group,

Inc.Inc.•Dewatering/Oxidation/StabilizationDewatering/Oxidation/Stabilization

• Topsoil (multiple grades), Structural Fill for Topsoil (multiple grades), Structural Fill for Brownfields, Bricks, Landfill CoverBrownfields, Bricks, Landfill Cover

Dcon Sternism’s (#47)Dcon Sternism’s (#47)

• There is NO ONE WINNER in TechnologiesThere is NO ONE WINNER in Technologies

• There is There is NO SILVER BULLETNO SILVER BULLET– Explore from a technology integration Explore from a technology integration

and multiple beneficial use perspectiveand multiple beneficial use perspective– Technology CampusTechnology Campus

• Multiple [contaminant], cross-programMultiple [contaminant], cross-program

• Make an informed decisionMake an informed decision that at some that at some time, treatment will be a time, treatment will be a componentcomponent or or part of a part of a tool boxtool box for dredged material / for dredged material / contaminated sediments management contaminated sediments management strategiesstrategies