E560 Function Description

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RTU560Remote Terminal Unit

Function Description

Contents: This manual describes the functions provided by theRemote Terminal Unit RTU560


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RTU560 Function Description Revision

ABB Utility Automation GmbH 1KGT 150 450 V000 1 iiiE560_FD.doc

Revision

Document identity: 1KGT 150 450 V000 1

Revision: 0 Date: 10/2000

We reserve all rights in this document and the information contained therein.

Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without permission is strictly forbidden.

Copyright 2000 ABB Utility Automation GmbH Ladenburg/Germany


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RTU560 Function Description Contents

ABB Utility Automation GmbH 1KGT 150 450 V000 1 vE560_FD.doc

Contents

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION.....................................................................1-1

ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................1

ABOUT THE RTU560 FUNCTION DESCRIPTION ...................................3

1 RTU560 REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT..................................................1-1

1.1 Overview...........................................................................................................1-1

1.2 Hardware ..........................................................................................................1-3

1.2.1 Hardware Structure.............................................................................. 1-41.3 Software............................................................................................................1-9

1.3.1 RTU560 Software Structure............................................................... 1-10

1.3.2 I/O Bus Master and RTU560 I/O bus................................................. 1-13

1.3.3 Event flow through RTU560...............................................................1-14

1.4 Tools ...............................................................................................................1-16

1.4.1 RTUtil NT ........................................................................................... 1-16

1.4.2 RTU560 Web Server.........................................................................1-19

1.4.3 RTU560 Web-Server System Requirements..................................... 1-19

1.4.4 Configuration File Transfer................................................................1-19

1.4.5 Administration.................................................................................... 1-20

1.4.6 MULTIPROG wt.................................................................................1-21

2 SCADA MONITORING DIRECTION...................................................2-1

2.1 Indication Processing........................................................................................2-1

2.1.1 Function Distribution............................................................................2-2

2.1.2 23BE21 Functions................................................................................2-2

2.1.3 PDP Functions of the CMU.................................................................2-5

2.1.4 Group Information................................................................................ 2-8

2.1.5 Error Handling.................................................................................... 2-10

2.2 Analog Measured Value Processing............................................................... 2-11

2.2.1 Analog measured value types............................................................ 2-11

2.2.2 Function Distribution..........................................................................2-112.2.3 23AE21 functions...............................................................................2-12

2.2.4 PDP Functions of the CMU................................................................ 2-17

2.2.5 Error Handling.................................................................................... 2-19

2.3 Digital Measured Value Processing................................................................2-21

2.3.1 Function Distribution..........................................................................2-23

2.3.2 23BE21 Functions..............................................................................2-23

2.3.3 PDP Functions of the CMU................................................................ 2-24

2.3.4 Error Handling.................................................................................... 2-26

2.4 Integrated Total Processing...........................................................................2-27

2.4.1 Integrated Total Value Types............................................................2-27


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2.4.2 Function Distribution...........................................................................2-28

2.4.3 23BE21 Functions..............................................................................2-28

2.4.4 PDP Functions of the CMU................................................................2-29

2.4.5 Error Handling....................................................................................2-32

2.5 Bitstring Input Value Processing.....................................................................2-33

2.5.1 Bitstring value presentation................................................................2-332.5.2 Function Distribution...........................................................................2-33

2.5.3 23BE21 Functions..............................................................................2-34

2.5.4 PDP Functions of the CMU................................................................2-34

2.5.5 Error Handling....................................................................................2-35

3 SCADA COMMAND DIRECTION....................................................... 3-1

3.1 Output Command Types...................................................................................3-1

3.2 Function Distribution.........................................................................................3-1

3.3 Object Command Output..................................................................................3-2

3.3.1 Single Object Command Output..........................................................3-2

3.3.2 Double Object Command Output.........................................................3-33.3.3 Single and Double Object Commands.................................................3-4

3.4 Regulation Step Command Output.................................................................3-14

3.5 Setpoint Command.........................................................................................3-15

3.5.1 Analog Setpoint Command Output....................................................3-15

3.5.2 Digital Setpoint Command Output......................................................3-18

3.6 Bitstring Output...............................................................................................3-21

3.7 Error Handling.................................................................................................3-22

4 HOST COMMUNICATION INTERFACE ............................................ 4-1

4.1 Overview HCI Software Structure.....................................................................4-3

4.2 Queue- and Buffer Handling.............................................................................4-4

4.2.1 Priority Read Queues........................................................................4-7

4.2.2 Queue Transitions and Overflow..........................................................4-7

5 SUB-DEVICE COMMUNICATION INTERFACE ................................ 5-1

5.1 Message Flow in Monitoring Direction..............................................................5-3

5.2 Message Flow in Command Direction..............................................................5-3

5.3 General Interrogation........................................................................................5-4

5.4 Time Synchronization........................................................................................5-4

5.5 System events...................................................................................................5-5

6 INTERFACES AND NETWORK......................................................... 6-1

6.1 Network Configuration.......................................................................................6-1

6.2 Interface Configuration......................................................................................6-2

6.2.1 The Interfaces......................................................................................6-2

6.3 Duplex communication......................................................................................6-4

6.3.1 WT link full duplex (23WT21-23, no handshake).................................6-4

6.3.2 Direct Link (TxD/RxD only)...................................................................6-5

6.3.3 Direct / Modem link (DTR, RTS/CTS, DCD handshake) .....................6-5

6.4 Half Duplex communication..............................................................................6-7


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6.4.1 WT link half duplex (23WT22, with CTS handshake)..........................6-7

6.4.2 WT link half duplex (23WT21-23, with transmit delay time)................6-8

6.4.3 Network Configuration Rules and Restrictions ....................................6-9

6.4.4 Interface Configuration Rules and Restrictions ................................6-10

7 STARTUP, CONFIGURATION AND TIME MANAGEMENT ..............7-17.1 Startup Procedures........................................................................................... 7-1

7.1.1 RTU560 CMU Start..............................................................................7-2

7.1.2 RTU560 System Start..........................................................................7-3

7.1.3 CMU Integration...................................................................................7-3

7.1.4 CMU Removal......................................................................................7-4

7.2 RTU560 Configuration......................................................................................7-5

7.2.1 General Requirements.........................................................................7-5

7.2.2 Configuration File Load Procedure......................................................7-5

7.3 RTU560 Time Management.............................................................................7-7

7.3.1 Time Management Principle................................................................7-7

7.3.2 RTU560 Time Slave............................................................................. 7-97.3.3 Time Synchronization Modes...............................................................7-9

7.3.4 Synchronization of Sub-RTUs............................................................7-12

8 STATUS AND DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION..................................8-13

8.1 Status and Error Report to NCC ..................................................................... 8-13

8.2 Web-Server Diagnosis.................................................................................... 8-13

8.2.1 System Diagnosis ..............................................................................8-13

8.2.2 Status Information..............................................................................8-14

8.3 LEDs, Alarm and Warning..............................................................................8-16

8.3.1 CMU Alarm and Warning...................................................................8-16

8.3.2 RTU560 Alarm and Warning.............................................................. 8-16

8.3.3 LED Indications..................................................................................8-16

9 TABLES..............................................................................................9-1

9.1 System Messages ............................................................................................9-1

9.2 System Events..................................................................................................9-5


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Contents RTU560 Function Description

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Figures

Figure 1-1: RTU560 communication capabilities in principle..............................................................1-2

Figure 1-2: RTU560 Hardware structure in principle..........................................................................1-4Figure 1-3: RTU560A (configuration example)...................................................................................1-7Figure 1-4: Main Subrack RTU560C (configuration example with 23ET23).......................................1-8Figure 1-5: Software packages of RTU560......................................................................................1-10Figure 1-6 Software Structure..........................................................................................................1-10Figure 1-7: Dialog RAM array between SLC and IOC ......................................................................1-13Figure 1-8: Event polling by MPU .....................................................................................................1-14Figure 1-9: Event flow through RTU560...........................................................................................1-15Figure 1-10: Network RTU Hardware Primary Process................................................................1-17Figure 2-1: Indication Type Definition.................................................................................................2-1Figure 2-2: Digital Filter for Contact Bouncing....................................................................................2-3Figure 2-3: Oscillation Suppression on 23BE21.................................................................................2-5Figure 2-4: Midposition suppression for Double Indication.................................................................2-7

Figure 2-5: Analog Value Presentation by ADC................................................................................2-11Figure 2-6: Zero Value Supervision and Switching Detection...........................................................2-13Figure 2-7: Smoothing of Analog Values..........................................................................................2-14Figure 2-8: Threshold Supervision with Integration ..........................................................................2-15Figure 2-9: Live Zero Conversion .....................................................................................................2-17Figure 2-10: Analog Value Conversion AMI........................................................................................2-18Figure 2-11: Threshold Supervision on Absolute Value......................................................................2-19Figure 2-12: Digital Measured Value presentation..............................................................................2-22Figure 2-13: Example for inversion of DMI8.......................................................................................2-25Figure 2-14: Integrated Total Values Definition for EPR and IR ........................................................2-27Figure 2-15: Reading ITI within the RTU560 .....................................................................................2-31Figure 3-1: Single Command definition: pulse output.........................................................................3-2Figure 3-2: Single Command definition: persistant output..................................................................3-3

Figure 3-3: Double Command definition: pulse output .......................................................................3-3Figure 3-4: Double Command definition: persistent output................................................................3-4Figure 3-5: Response Indication procedure........................................................................................3-5Figure 3-6: Process commands without supervision (1 pole).............................................................3-6Figure 3-7: Process command without supervision (2 pole)...............................................................3-7Figure 3-8: Interaction PDP - 23BA20 for a process command output without command supervision3-

8Figure 3-9: Object command output with supervision (1,5 pole)........................................................3-9Figure 3-10: Object command output with supervision (2 pole) .........................................................3-10Figure 3-11: Interaction PDP - 23BA20 - 23BA22 for a process command with command supervision3-

11Figure 3-12: Retrigger / stop of a regulation command......................................................................3-14Figure 3-13: Live Zero Output Conversion by a 23AA20 board..........................................................3-15

Figure 3-14: Analog Value Conversion ASO ......................................................................................3-16Figure 3-15:: Set Point Command for Analog Output..........................................................................3-17Figure 3-16: Digital Setpoint Value presentation ................................................................................3-19Figure 3-17: Set Point Command for Digital Output...........................................................................3-20Figure 4-1: RTU560 Network..............................................................................................................4-1Figure 4-2: Interface IC Application Layer Link Layer...................................................................4-3Figure 4-3: RTU HCI queues..............................................................................................................4-4Figure 4-4: Queue handling transition diagram...................................................................................4-7Figure 5-1: RTU560 Network..............................................................................................................5-1Figure 5-2: Internal structure of the SCI .............................................................................................5-2Figure 6-1: RTU Network with Interfaces............................................................................................6-1Figure 6-2: Duplex communication.....................................................................................................6-4Figure 6-3: WT link full duplex transmit control ..................................................................................6-5


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Figure 6-4: Direct / Modem link.........................................................................................................6-6Figure 6-5: Dial up configuration.........................................................................................................6-6Figure 6-6: Half Duplex communication.............................................................................................6-7Figure 6-7: WT-Mode, Halfduplex, with CTS transmit control............................................................6-8Figure 6-8: WT-Mode, Halfduplex, no handshake transmit control....................................................6-9Figure 7-1: Principal of time synchronization in RTU560....................................................................7-8

Figure 7-2: Time Master and Slave dependencies.............................................................................7-9Figure 7-3: Time accuracy in a multi level network (CS Commands only).......................................7-12Figure 8-1: LEDs 560SLI01..............................................................................................................8-17Figure 8-2: LEDs 560ETH01............................................................................................................8-17Figure 8-3: LEDs 23AA20 / 23AE21 / 23BE21.................................................................................8-18Figure 8-4: LEDs 23BA20 / 23BA22.................................................................................................8-18Figure 8-5: LEDs 23WT22................................................................................................................8-22Figure 8-6: LEDs 560RTC01............................................................................................................8-23Figure 8-7: LEDs 560RTC02............................................................................................................8-24


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RTU560 Function Description Introduction

ABB Utility Automation GmbH 1KGT 150 450 V000 1 1E560_FD.doc

Abbreviations

CMU Communication and Data Processing Unit

AMI Analog Measured value Input

ASO Analog Setpoint command Output

BCU Bus Connection Unit

BSI BitString Input (8, 16 bit)

CS Control System

CSC Command Supervision Channel

CS-Command Clock Synch Command

DCO Double Command Output

DMI Digital Measured value Input (8, 16 bit)

DPI Double Point Input

DSO Digital Setpoint command Output (8, 16 bit)

EPI Event ofProtection equipment Input (1bit)

GCD General Configuration Data

HCI HostCommunication Interface

IED Intelligent Electronic Device

IOC I/OController (Controller on I/O Board)

IOD InputOutput Data

IOM I/O Bus Master (Function of SLC)

ITI IntegratedTotals Input

MFI Analog Measured value Floating Input

MPU MainProcessing Unit

NCC Network Control Center

PB Peripheral Bus

PBP Peripheral Bus Processor

PDP Process Data Processing


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Introduction RTU560 Function Description

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PLC Programmable Logic Control

PPP Point to PointProtocol

PSU Power Supply Unit

RCO Regulation step Command Output

RTC Real Time Clock

RTC Real Time Clock

SBO Selectbefore Operate

SCADA Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition

SCI Sub-Device Communication Interface

SCO Single Command Output

SEV SystemEvents

SLC Serial Line Controller

SOC Strobe Output Channel

SPI Single Point Input

STI Step position Input (8 bit)

TSI Time Synch Input

TSO Time Synch Output


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About the RTU560 Function Description

Application Hints for the Use of RTU560

The following chapters have to be regarded before a RTU560 Remote Terminal Unit ismounted and commissioned.

Regulations for the installation and operation of electrical

systems

The ABB RTU560 devices are produced under the attention of the relevant regulationsand appointments, especially to IEC 61131 part 2.

Die RTU560 is classified according to IEC 60664-1 (DIN VDE 0110): Insulation

coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems Part 1: Principles, requirementsand tests

Pollution degree 2Only non-conductive pollution occurs except that occasionally a temporaryconductivity caused by condensation is to be expected

Overvoltage category IIis in accordance with the appointment in IEC 61131 part 2

The user has to ensure that the devices and the components belonging to them aremounted under the attention of such safety regulations and standards as may from time totime be in force.

DIN VDE 0100 Erection of power installations with nominal voltages up to1000 V

DIN VDE 0106 Protection against electrical shockPart 100: Actuating members positioned close to parts

liable to shock

EN 60204 Safety of machinery; Electrical equipment of machinesPart 1: General requirements

EN 50178 Electronic equipment for use in electrical powerinstallations and their assembly into electrical power

installations

DIN VDE 0800 Telecommunications

IEC 61131 Programmable controllersPart 2: Equipment requirements and tests

If the pollution degree 2 (VDE 0110) cannot be guaranteed or an ongoing protectionagainst direct contact is required the devices should be mounted into appropriatecubicles.

If ABB RTU560 devices are coupled with or fed by power-frequency voltage networks ofovervoltage category III qualified protective provisions have to be taken to guarantee


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overvoltage category II according to VDE 0110 at the terminal connectors (e.g. surgevoltage protectors).

Installation and application hints

Documentation

This document contains all essential functions of the RTU560 boards for the use in theRTU560. For more details and additional information the documents described in chapter"Related documents" have to be used.

Qualif ied personnel

The RTU560 modules conduct partly dangerous contact voltages at their connectors.Touching parts which are alive can force heavy injuries of health.

Installation, commissioning and maintenance of such systems is therefore only allowed bytechnical instructed personnel. It should have relevant knowledge:

dealing with dangerous voltages

the use of specifications and standards. In particular EN (VDE-) and accidentpreventation regulations.

Use according to the rules

The RTU560 was developed, manufactured, tested and documented while observing therelevant standards. When observing the valid regulations for installation, commissioning

and maintenance, the product poses no danger to health and objects in normal case.

Use according to the rules means that the RTU560 is operating and maintained ex-clusively in the form as described in the functional- and module description documents.Especially the technical data for the process-circuits and the supply should be regarded.

Any liability for the consequences of incorrect use or after unauthorized repairs is rejected.


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WARNINGS, CAUTIONS

Earth the devices

Before connecting any power to the device, the 6.3 mm Faston connectorshould be wired to protection earth. The earthing may be removed only if it iscertain that no more power is being supplied to the device.

Regard the earthing principles for the serial peripheral bus (direct or capacitiveearthing)

Connection of the supply voltage

A terminal block feeding dangerous contact voltages (supply voltage, input-/output channels) should only be plugged or withdrawn in off load state.

Protect the device from dampness, dirt and damage during transport,storage and operation.

Do not operate device outs ide of the specified technical data

Operate device according to the protection degree IP 20

Mount it into a closed cubicle or rack if the environmental conditions thatrequires.

Do not obstruct the ventilation for cool ing

Do not cover the ventilation slots by cables or wires.

Lead s ignal- and power-lines separately

Capacitive and inductive interferences of the power lines to signal lines shouldbe prevented by appropriate cable laying (distance, crossing).

Use overvoltage protection in cables to outdoor antenna


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Graphic Aids in the Function Description

Throughout the description three different graphical aids are used to indicate:

Symbol Description

An information hint which should be regarded or which helps to find an essentialpoint of the chapter etc.

A caution hint which is important to know if you configure the RTU560.Which informs about a restriction etc.A configuration hint which shows where a parameter or any otherconfigurable point is described.

Find the cross reference

Description of... Chapter

Function of RTU560. 1 to 8Tables 9

Cross reference to RTUtil NT Users guide

Digital Filter

The configuration parameter Digital filter specifies how many milliseconds an inputmust be stable before it is accepted as a new signal state. The typical value is 10 ms.Digital filter is used to prevent ordinary contact bouncing.

Parameter: Digital filter (SPI/DPI PDP Parameters)

ABB Utility Automation GmbH 1KGT 150 450 V000 1 2-3

Chapter in RTUtil NT User s Guide


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Related documents

The RTU560 Function Description is part of the total documentation of the RTU560

remote terminal unit. For more details and additional information use the followingdocuments:

1 KGT 150 451 RTUtil NT User s guide Handling etc. of all RTU560PC-based utilities

1KGT 150 456 Web Server User s guide Handling the RTU560Web Server

1 KGT 150 457 Hardware 1 Hardware data sheets of allRTU560 boards and units

1 KGT 150 458 Hardware 2 Connection and Settings of allRTU560 boards and units


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ABB Utility Automation GmbH 1KGT 150 450 V000 1 1-1E560_FD.doc

1 RTU560 Remote Terminal Unit

1.1 Overview

Based on a modular multi-CPU concept, RTU560 is designed for extremely highcommunication and data processing capability. Maintaining the proven I/O board family ofRTU200 and RTU232, it fulfills the requirements for high end remote terminal units:

Modular hardware and software configuration

Compact construction

Low number of board types

Up to 8 communication interfaces to NCCs

Up to 60 communication interfaces to sub-devices

Support of various communication protocols

Scaleable performance

State-of-the-art configuration tool RTUtil NT with external data interface

Web Server based access to configuration data and application program files

Web Server based process and system diagnosis

Programmable logic control function according to IEC 61131-3

Redundancy concept for central components (CMUs and power supply)

RTU560s communication capabilities are shown in principle in Figure 1-1.


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RTU560 Remote Terminal Unit RTU560 Function Description

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Figure 1-1: RTU560 communication capabili t ies in principle

IEC 60870-5-104WAN

Telecontrol Center(s)

Sub-RTU

Marshalling Rack

Protection andControl Units

Station Control

IEC 60870-5-104IEC 60870-5-101

DNP 3.0

IEC 60870-5-101DNP 3.0

Protection andControl Units

SPABusModbus

IEC 60870-5-104IEC 60870-5-101

DNP 3.0

RTU 560

Process IED

IEC 60870-5-103IEC 60870-5-101

DNP 3.0

IED

IED

IED


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RTU560 Function Description RTU560 Remote Terminal Unit


1.2 Hardware

Each hardware board is described in detail in the hardware data sheet. Board settings andwiring principles are explained in the unit and application descriptions.

All RTU560 hardware boards are based on the European standard card format (100 x 160mm). Table 1-1 lists the board types that are available to configure a RTU560 remoteterminal unit.

Type Ident Function

560ETH01 Ethernet UnitCommunication andProcessing Units 560SLI01 Serial Line Interface Unit

560BCU01 Connection Unit to extend the RTU560 system bus

to a second 560CSR01 (RTU560A)560BCU02 Connection Unit to provide the RTU560 system busto a pair of two CMUs within an I/O subrack 23TP21(RTU560C)

Bus ConnectionUnits

560BCU03 Connection Unit to provide the RTU560 system busto a pair of two CMUs within an I/O subrack 23ET23(RTU560C)

23AA20 Analog Output 2 channels / board23AE21 Analog Input 8 channels / board23BA20 Binary Output 16 output relays / board

I/O Boardswith IOC

23BE21 Binary Input 16 inputs / board23BA30 Binary Output

Interposing16 interposing relays

InterposingI/O boards 23BE30 Binary Input

interposing

16 inputs for 110 V DC and

/ or total galvanic isolation23OK22 Fibre Optic Coupler Fibre optic coupler for 1serial interfaceRTU560 I/O bus / RS422 /RS485 / RS232 C

560RTC01 Real time clock GPS time receiver560RTC02 Real time clock DCF77 time receiver23WT21 Leased line modem FSK CCITT V.23 modem

Generalboards / units

23WT22 Leased line modem FSK selective modem560CSR01 Communication Subrack

23TP21 I/O Subrack Mounting plate versionSubracks23ET23 I/O Subrack Hinged frame version

560PSU01 Power Supply Unitwith redundancy logic

Input ranges 24 ... 60VDC /110 ... 220VDC forCommunication Subracks

23NG24 Power Supply Unit Input ranges 24 ... 60VDC /110 ... 220VDC forI/O Subracks

23VG23 AC / DC converter 24 V DC / 2 A outputbattery charging function

Power supply /mains adapter

23VG24 AC / DC converter 24 V DC / 10 A output

Table 1-1: RTU560 boards


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1.2.1 Hardware Structure

RTU560 in principle is built up by one or two main subracks containing the

Communication and Processing Units (CMUs) with the serial or Ethernet communicationinterfaces and I/O subracks with the I/O boards. There are two types of RTUconfigurations:

RTU560A with up to 16 CMUs placed in one or two communication subracks560CSR01, I/O boards placed within up to 24 I/O subracks 23ET23 or 23TP21.

RTU560C with one or two CMUs placed in one of the I/O subracks 23ET23 or23TP21 together with up to 15 I/O boards within this main subrack; further I/Oboards placed within another up to 23 I/O subracks 23ET23 or 23TP21.

Figure 1-2: RTU560 Hardware structure in principle

Network Control Centers

RTU560 System Bus

CMU CMU CMUCMU

CMU CMUCMUCMU

IED

IED Sub-RTU

Sub-RTU

I/O Boards

I/O Boards

I/O Boards

I/O Boards

IED

IED


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The CMUs communicate over the RTU560 system bus which is provided on the back-plane of the communication subrack 560CSR01 (RTU560A) or by means of busconnection units (RTU560C).

The I/O subracks are connected to the CMUs serial RS485 interfaces A or B. In total upto four I/O bus segments may be configured, with up to 6 I/O subracks connected to eachof them. This gives a maximum capacity of 24 I/O subracks for one RTU560. If one of theserial interfaces of a CMUs interface pair A and B is used for I/O bus connection, thepairs other interface may only be used for another I/O bus segment (cannot be used forother types of communication protocols)!

Bus connection units do not only provide the system bus connection betweencommunication subracks (RTU560A) resp. CMUs (RTU560C), but in addition the systemsignals

local alarm (relay contact)

local warning (relay contact)

TSI (Time Sync Input signal)

TSO (Time Sync Output signal)

If one of these signals has to be provided externally, e.g. if the RTU has to besynchronized by any type of time synchronization pulse signal (including those used with560RTC01 and 560RTC02 real time clocks), one of the appropriate BCU boards has tobe configured within the RTU, although if not required for system bus interconnectionbetween communication subracks (RTU560A) or CMUs (RTU560C).


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1.2.1.1 Configuration type RTU560A

RTU560A is the RTU560 configuration type providing - in addition to the local I/Oconnections - multiple communication interfaces to NCCs and Sub-Devices like Sub-

RTUs, Protection Equipment, Bay Control Units and IEDs (e.g. intelligent Transducers).This configuration type has also to be used when redundant power supplies for the mainsubracks are required.

Up to 8 CMUs can be configured within one communication subrack 560CSR01. Adding asecond communication subrack provides another 8 CMU slots giving a maximum numberof 16 CMUs for one RTU560. In this configuration, within both communication subracks, asystem bus connection unit 560BCU01 has to be used which provides the system businterconnection between the two communication subracks.

Besides PSUs, CMUs and bus connection units, the two real time clock units 560RTC01(GPS receiver) and 560RTC02 (DCF77 receiver) are the only boards of RTU560s boardfamily that can be placed within the communication subrack. All other boards have to be

placed within I/O subracks.


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Figure 1-3: RTU560A (configuration example)

Max. 6 I/O subracksper I/O bus segment

RTUI/Obussegment

1234

OFF

S1

560PSU01

5V

24V

UE +

UE -

PE

ON

OFF

560PSU01

5V

24V

UE +

UE -

PE

ON

OFF

560ETH01

A

B

A

MMI

E

C

E

ERR

560ETH01

A

A

MMI

E

CE

ERR

B

Tx Rx CE

A

B

560SLI01

A

B

1

2

Tx Rx CE

ERR

MMI

Tx Rx CE

A

B

560SLI01

A

B

12

Tx Rx CE

ERR

MMI

560ETH01

A

A

MMI

E

C

E

ERR

B

Tx Rx CE

A

B

560SLI01

A

B1

2

Tx Rx CE

ERR

MMI

A

B

1

2

Tx Rx CE

ERR

MMI

FR

LS

MN

560BCU01

ALR

TSI

TSO

SEB

WRN

ERR

560RTC02

560SLI01

A

B

1

2

A

B

1

2

A

B

1

2

A

B

1

2

Communication subrack 560RTC01

23NG24

24V

5V

ON

0FF

UE +

UE -

PE

I/O subrack 23TP21

23NG24

24V

5V

ON

0FF

UE +

UE -

PE

I/O subrack 23TP21


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1.3 Software

The high processing performance of the RTU560 Remote Terminal Unit is accomplishedby effective distribution of the tasks to the communication and processing units (CMU)and the microcontrollers on the I/O boards.

Each of the input/output boards has its own input/output microcontroller (IOC) which isused to support the basic input/output functions of the board.

The CMUs have various tasks:

Communication with the network control center(s)

Communication with subordinated devices

Updating of the data base for the process signals, handling of the SCADAfunctions which are not performed by the I/O-boards

The different processors of a CMU (MPU and SLC) can work independently of each otherand are decoupled from each other via shared memories. Different CMUs can handledifferent tasks independently and communicate with each other via the internal systembus. By this means optimal execution of the individual tasks is accomplished.

The program system of the RTU560 remote terminal unit is of modular design andconsists of the following program types:

Microcontroller programs

Standard programs

Application programs

The microcontroller programs of the boards are optimized to the components and for thedefined functions. They are an integral part of the boards.

The standard programs written in C programming language cover the programs for alltelecontrol functions, for system monitoring, time management and for the handling of theprocess data base.

The 32 bit operating system used in RTU560 is VxWorks(Wind River Systems).

The PLC programs for the tasks of station automation functions are cyclically executed bythe optionally installed PLC software.


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Figure 1-5: Software packages of RTU560

1.3.1 RTU560 Software Structure

The RTU560 software is structured into different activities. All activities can run on oneCMU or the activities can be distributed to different CMUs. The number of CMUs dependson type and number of the required communication interfaces (e.g. Ethernet, RS232Interface).

Figu re 1-6 So ftware St ructure

VxWorksReal Time Operating System

HardwareDeviceDrivers

NetworkingPC-CardDrivers

Local I/Oand

Process DataProcessing

Communi-cation

Protocols

FileSystems

FTPServer

WebServer

SystemControl

andDiagnosis

PLCFunction

Operating

System

Standard

Software

Packages

Appl ication

Software

HCI

Host

CommunicationInterfaces

SCI

Sub-DeviceCommunication

Interfaces

ConfigurationFiles

Data

Base

Board Controland Diagnosis

Central System

Control and Time

Admini str ation

IC Internal Communication

PLC

IEC1131

PDP

Process DataProcessing and

IO-BoardControl

MMI

Interfaces

IEDs Sub-RTUs Local I/O Board

NCCs


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The different activities and the distribution to the CMUs is configured automatically withinRTUtil NT. The information is available in the configuration files.

IC Internal Communication

All activities communicate with each other via the internal communication (IC). The IC is aprotocol independent communication system. Every activity can distribute messages.Every activity receives all messages distributed. The internal communication is used tocommunicate between the activities of one CMU or between the activities on differentCMUs.

RTU560 System Control and Time Adminis tration

This activity is running once in the RTU560 on the CMU configured as AdministratorMode: Master. RTU560 System Control is handling the system startup and supervision ofall CMU boards. The runtime integration of a configured CMU board is handled by thisactivity.

The Time Administration for the complete RTU560 is done by this activity.

Board Control and Diagnosis

This activity is running once on each CMU with board. Board Control and Diagnosis ishandling startup and supervision of a CMU board. The Web-Server for Diagnosis belongsto this activity.

PDP Process Data Processing and I/O Bus Master

This activity is running on each CMU for the interfaces COMA or COMB connected to I/Obus segments. This activity handles the process data processing and supervision andcontrol of the local I/O boards. The serial line controller (SLC) is loaded with the I/O busmaster (IOM) firmware. The IOM controls the I/O bus interfaces (COM A and COM B).

HCI Host Communication Interfaces

This activity is running on each CMU with interfaces COM1, COM2, COMA, COMB orETH which are connected to a control center communication line. It is possible to runmultiple HCIs on one CMU. The HCI activity handles the complete communicationprotocol including all individual communication queues and buffers.

If CPA or CPB is used the SLC is loaded with the communication interface firmware.


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SCI Subordinate Device Communication Interfaces

This activity is running on each CMU with interfaces CP1, CP2, CPA or CPB connected toa sub-device communication line. It is possible to run multiple SCIs on one CMU. The HCIactivity handles the complete communication protocol including all individual

communication queues and buffers.

If CPA or CPB is used the SLC is loaded with the communication interface firmware.

Data Base

The Data Base activity is running on each CMU board. The data base collects all processmessages and all system status messages. In the data base the actual state of this datapoints and the qualifiers are stored. The Web-Server shows the actual state of the database of the requested CMU.

PLC IEC 61131-3

It is possible to define one PLC activity per CMU board. The activity is running on eachCMU where a PLC FUNCTION is configured with RTUtil NT. The PLC function can run ona CMU with other communication functions (HCI or SCI). In these cases the priority of theCMU is below the communication. It is possible to run a PLC function on a CMU withoutcommunication functions (HCI or SCI).

MMI Interface

The MMI Interface activity is running on each CMU board. Via PPP protocol the diagnosisWeb-Server can be accessed.


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1.3.2 I/O Bus Master and RTU560 I/O bus

The I/O bus master IOM is the master for the I/O boards connected to the RTU560 I/O

bus. The communication protocol between IOM and I/O board is tailored to achieve amaximum throughput. The protocol is totally independent of any communication protocolused to communicate with the network control center.

The main processing unit (MPU) is master to the IOM. The MPU stores any outputrequest to an I/O board etc. in a dialog RAM. The IOM will read that part and expand it tocomplete dialogs with the addressed I/O board.

The IOM stores any event or answer from I/O boards in the dialog RAM and forces aninterrupt to the MPU that there is a message from IOM.

Figure 1-7: Dialog RAM array between SLC and IOC

The main task of the IOM is to poll all configured boards for events.

To be independent of the board type (23BE21, 23AE21 etc.), a dialog RAM array isspecified which has the same structure for all RTU560 I/O boards with an I/O controller(IOC). Within the IOC software the "Busmodule" task handles in a standardized form thedialog with the IOM. The IOC reads and writes directly into the dedicated registers and

informs the busmodule.

The busmodule handles the dialog RAM for the I/O task. The I/O task is board specific.

Input signal state

Output signal state

Relocation registerfor ITI

FIFO

Parameterregister

RequestsDialog registers

Status etc.

IOC

Bus-module

I/OTask

I/OPart

RAM

MPU

SLC

CMU

I/O Board


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Figure 1-8: Event pol ling by MPU

1.3.3 Event flow through RTU560

Figure 1-9 explains and qualifies the different levels which an event has to pass before itis transmitted to the NCC.

Is there any eventmessage within subrack ?

Read event flag of each configured board withinsubrack.Create list of board with event

Read one event into RAM to MPU.Increment event list pointer

More eventsin subrack ?

Poll one board and read board statusIncrement board pointer

Subrack: =subrack +1

Address next board with event

Read event flag of subrack

All subracks polledfor events ?

Subrack: =1

NO

YES

YES

NO

NO

YES

Store board status intoRAM to MPU

Board status o.k.

?

NO

YES

Command output requests will be inserted if pending


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Figure 1-9: Event f low through RTU560

SLC IOM Task

The transmission time from I/O board to the MPU depends on the overall situation of theIOM.

Number of subracks and boards

Number of pending events within a subrack

Output requests from MPU to I/O board

To increase the transmission time it is possible to split the I/O boards on up to 4I/O bus segments managed by up to four CMUs.

MPU

The transmission time through the MPU depends on the CMU configuration.

PDP and HCI may run on the same CPU or on different CPUs

Communication

Buffer, Queues

NCC Network Control Center

MPU - HCI Task

IC

MPU - HCI Task

MPU - SCI Task MPU - PDP Task

RAM

SLC - IOM Task

FIFO

IOC

Process Signal

IED or Sub-Station

Signal processing MPU


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1.4 Tools

The RTU560 is easy to engineer and maintain by using the utility RTUtil NT to configurethe RTU560, MULTIPROG wt to program and test the PLC functions and the RTU560Web-Serverfor diagnosis and file transfer issues. There is no proprietary tool deliveredby ABB for protocol analysis issues. For further information ask your local distributor toget a recommendation for third party protocol analysis tools.

1.4.1 RTUtil NT

RTUtil NT is the configuration and engineering tool for the RTU560, contains the followingtopics:

Features:

Configuration and engineering tool for RTU560 networks

Generating of files for each RTU560

The principles of user interface structuring according to IEC 61346-1

MS Windows NT 4.0 platform

The User Interface of RTUtil NT is application based on the Microsoft standardpresentation format

Documentation of all project steps

External data interface

Multilingual tool (user interface and help files)

Delivered on CD-ROM with installation and uninstallation program

1.4.1.1 RTUti l NT System Requi rements

The performance requirements for the configuration and engineering tool RTUtil NT,

particularly the free disc space, depends on the project size. Basic requirements are:

Operating system: Microsoft Windows NT 4.0

Memory: 64 MB RAM

Processor: Pentium class

Hard disc: >200MB free disc space

Hard lock (dongle)


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1.4.1.2 Basic Concept

RTUtil NT is designed to engineer all types and sizes of RTU560 including interfaces toIEDs that are used in a common station network. The process signal mapping to thedifferent communication protocols is one of the main tasks needed in hierarchicalcommunication network structures.

The general view of the user to the engineering data is implemented on the basis ofinternational Standard IEC 61346-1. This Standard describes the structuring principlesand reference designations for industrial systems, installations and equipment.

The user interface structure offers three trees to build up the system.

NetworkTreeThe NetworkTree shows the lines and protocols for routing the data pointsthrough the network.

SignalTree

The location and designation of signals are shown in the SignalThree. Thesignal location describes the place of the data points in the primary process.

HardwareTreeThe HardwareTree presents the structure of an RTU with the levels cabinet,rack, board and the reference to the data points defined in SignalTree.

The structuring in trees allows a common presentation format and a general userinterface of the RTU data and the environment.

Figure 1-10: Network RTU Hardware Primary Process

23NG 235V24V

UPOnOff

560SLI01Tx RxCE

MMI12ABA2B

1

560SLI01Tx RxCE

MMI12ABA2B

1

Com Subrack 560CSR01 Rack TP21

Segment 1

Rack TP21

Rack TP 21

Segmen 2

Segment 1

Peripherie Bus

Line 2Line 1

Line 4Line 3

RTU 12

RTU 11

RTU 01

RTU21

CS 1 CS 2

SPAx1

Line 1 Line 2

Line 3 Line 4

Line 5

04 Plant Ladenburg 110kV

21.03 MW

Q0

SPAx2

SPAx2

Segment 2

Rack TP21


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1.4.1.3 Engineering Steps

The engineering of the RTU560 data consists of several steps that demand a sequence inthe data engineering process. The engineering steps could be different, if interfaces for

external data import are used (e. g. Excel import). The following steps describe the basicengineering sequence:

Project configuration (start)

Set the project environment data.

Build up the tree structures

Build up the station network topology in the NetworkTree. Define the lines and thecommunication protocols between the stations. The NetworkTree is required for routingthe process data points through the RTU network.

Definition of data points in SignalTree. The Result of this definition is the unique objectidentifier for each data point.

Definition of all RTUs and IEDs with their data points in the HardwareTree. TheHardwareTree contains the full description of the RTU hardware in detail (cabinets,racks, boards). Also link steps to build up the relations between the trees are done in theHardwareTree.

If a data point is added or linked to the HardwareTree the automatic signal routingfunctionality for this data point will be executed. The signal routing depends on thetopology and the communication protocols in the NetworkTree.

Set parameters, communication addresses Set single parameters for several tree objects.

Check project plausibility and generate the download file for a single RTU.

Documentation

Generate the project documentation. Choose the RTU and the configuration parts, whichhave to be documented.


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1.4.2 RTU560 Web Server

The RTU560 Web Server, integrated in the RTU560 firmware, presents information to a

standard browser (e. g. Microsoft Explorer) and offers the following functions:

Loading configuration files to and from the RTU

Loading firmware to the RTU

System diagnosis with a chronological view to events in the RTU

Process diagnosis that indicates the actual process status

Administrate different user groups

1.4.3 RTU560 Web-Server System Requirements

To get access to the RTU560 Web-Server pages a standard browser with J ava Scriptimplementation is needed. There are no restrictions to the operating system that is used.The physical connection to the RTU may be a serial connection or an Ethernetconnection. If the CMV is not configured, the RS232 connection must be used.

1.4.4 Configuration File Transfer

The user menu allows the following operations:

Get information about the actual used file versions

Write of the GCD-File to the RTU (basic hardware data of the RTU)

Write of the IOD-File to the RTU (IO data of the RTU)

Read of the IOD-File from the RTU (to extract a complete RTUtil NT projectfrom the configuration file)

Delete GCD-File file in the RTUs file system

Delete IOD-File file in the RTU s file system

Reset of the RTU


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1.4.4.1 Firmware File Transfer

The user menu allows the following operations:

Get information about the actual used firmware version

Loading of the application firmware files to the RTU

Loading of the IO-Bus Master firmware files to the RTU

Loading of the license file to the RTU

Reset of the RTU

1.4.4.2 System diagnosis

The system diagnosis indicates RTU560 events in a list in chronological order. Theinformation for each indication in this list is structured as follows:

Date

Time

Indication text

1.4.4.3 Status information

The status information page shows the RTU560 hardware structure as known from theRTUtil NT HardwareTree. Next to the static hardware configuration following informationis provided:

Display the actual process data states for all information in monitoring direction

Get information about the actual state of the system event and status indications

Get information about several parameters (e. g. TCP/IP address of the Ethernetboard)

1.4.5 Administration

The administrator point in the RTU560 Web-Server allows to restrict the access to thedifferent pages on the RTU.

Modify user groups (add or delete new users)

Change passwords for existing users


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1.4.6 MULTIPROG wt

The RTU 560 PLC development system MULTIPROG wt is a standard programming andtest system for IEC 61131-3 designed PLCs. It is based on the standard IEC 61131-3.MULTIPROG wt allows an easy programming in function block diagram (FBD) and/orinstruction lists (IL) under Windows NT.

The programming system offers powerful features for the different development steps of aPLC application:

Edit

Compile

Debug

Print

The programming system is based on a modern 32 bit windows technology, providing

comfortable handling using:

zooming scrolling

customizable toolbars

drag & drop operations

a shortcut manager

movable windows.

1.4.6.1 MULTIPROG wt System Requi rements

To run the MULTIPROG wt PLC programming system, the following workstationrequirements must at least be fulfilled

Operating system: Microsoft Windows NT 4.0

Memory: 64 MB RAM

Processor: Pentium class (133 MHz minimum, 200 MHz Recommended)

Hard disc: >60MB free disc space

Hard lock (dongle)


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2 SCADA Monitoring Direction

2.1 Indication Processing

There are two types of indications:

Single point input (SPI)

Double point input (DPI)

Figure 2-1 shows the signal definition for SPI and DPI. Double indications are represented

by two sequential bits within a 23BE21 board. The normal state of a DPI is an antivalentbit combination (10 or 01). The two intermediate positions 11 or 00 are handled with nodifference within the RTU560. An intermediate state is given during the runtime of a unitfrom one position to the other (e.g. an isolator from OFF to ON).

Figure 2-1: Indicat ion Type Defini tion

Within an indication board of max. 16 bit SPI and DPI can be mixed. But a DPI can starton an odd bit-position only. Within a 23BE21 board it is possible to mix any type of binaryinputs. E.g. inputs not assigned to DPI or SPI may be configured to indications as pulsecounters, digital measured values on bitstring inputs. Digital measured values andbitstring inputs must be configured starting with bit position 1.

ON

1

0

01

OFF

10 00 01 11

ON 1

OFF 0

0 1 0

Signal state Double point indication (DPI) Signal state Single point indication (SPI)

normal position intermediate position

OFF ON OFF ON OFF

DPI 8 DPI 7 DPI 6 DPI 5 DPI 4 DPI 3 DPI 2 DPI 1

1234567891011131415 1216 Bit position within board

DPI number within board

ONOFF

faulty position


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2.1.1 Function Distribution

The process data acquisition functions for indications processed by the RTU560 can be

split into functions handled by the:

I/O controller (IOC) of the binary input board 23BE21

Process data processing (PDP) part of the CMU

Protocol specific communication interface part at a CMU

The data processing functions of the communication interface is described in thedocumentation of the specific communication protocol.

23BE21 functions:

- Reading input register (every millisecond)- Digital filter (contact bouncing)

- Oscillation suppression (signal chattering)

- Signal inversion

- Time out monitoring for DPI intermediate position

- Store events in FIFO with time stamp

CMU - PDP:

- Intermediate midpoint position handling for DPI

- Command output response- Group signals

- Transmission to internal communication

2.1.2 23BE21 Functions

The IOC of the 23BE21 supports the indication functions. The parameter of each functionis loaded from PDP part of the CMU at start up or if it must be initialized. Someparameters are valid for the complete 16 inputs, others can be set individually per input.

The 23BE21 reads all 16 inputs periodically every millisecond regardless of specified datapoint type. The IOC handles the necessary activities for all 16 bits within that millisecond.Reading every millisecond allows the high event resolution for indications. Each boarddoes this independently from each other for a block of 16 bits.

If the data point is Blocked the status is set to blocked and no changes are reported fromthe PDP.

Parameter: Blocked (SPI/DPI PDP Parameters)


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Digital Filter

The configuration parameter Digital filterspecifies how many milliseconds an input mustbe stable before it is accepted as a new signal state. The typical value is 10 ms. Digitalfilter is used to prevent ordinary contact bouncing.

Parameter: Digital filter (SPI/DPI PDP Parameters)

If an indication has changed its state and should be transmitted as an event to the PDP,the time stamp of the event is the time of the last edge before the filter time elapsed.

Figure 2-2: Digital Fi l ter for Contact Bouncing

01234567

1ms

1

0

255

input channel

digital filter timecounter

time

event into FIFOwith

time stamp of (a)

(a)

digital filter time

(e.g. 7 ms)


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Figure 2-3: Osci llat ion Suppression on 23BE21

Intermediate Midposit ion Handling for DPI

The 23BE21 handles the two bits of the double indication. Signal state changes of the DPIare transmitted to the PDP. Intermediate positions (0-0; 1-1) are indicated by a specialstatus bit to PDP. The 23BE21 monitors the time window for intermediate position. Thetime out value is loaded as a parameter from PDP. If the DPI does not get a new endposition within the allowed time, the 23BE21 generates an event with the actual state andstatus DPI intermediate position time out.

FIFO storage on 23BE21

To decouple event bursts from I/O bus transmission etc., the events are stored into the23BE21 board FIFO. Up to 50 events can be stored within the FIFO. If the FIFO becomesfull the 23BE21 stops its activities until there is space. Each event has a time stamp with aresolution of one millisecond within a minute. The absolute time is expanded by the PDP.

2.1.3 PDP Functions of the CMU

The PDP receives all events out of the 23BE21 FIFO. The PDP handles all otherfunctions specified for that indication.

Command output response

The functionality of a response indication to stop an related command output pulse isdescribed at command processing section of this document.

Intermediate Midposition suppression for DPI

This function is only valid for double indications (DPI). Figure 2-4 shows how that ishandled within the RTU560.

Input channel

23

10

0

1

60 sec

event into FIFOevent into FIFO

chatter counter

with status:Input =Invalid

with status:Input =Valid

reset time

time

indication

register

tosc tosc tosc


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The configuration parameter Supervision Time for MIDPOINT specifies whether or not aDPI message should be transmitted for the event when the indication changes to amidposition. PDP keeps the first signal change internal. If an abnormal situation occurs,the message of the leading edge is sent to NCC in addition and allows a more detailedanalysis of the error situation of the unit.

The parameter Supervision time for midpoint specifies the time window where theRTU560 should inhibit the transmission of the midposition. If the new state is not indicatedto the RTU in this time the RTU generates a DPI telegram with the actual position(normally then 00). The qualifier IV (invalid) keeps 0, because this is a valid processinformation.

Parameter: Supervision time for midpoint (DPI PDP Parameters)


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Figure 2-4: Midposition suppression for Double Indication

Supervision t ime for mid point = active

ON

OFF

1

0

0

1

ON

OFF

1

0

0

1

ON

OFF

1

0

0

1

Supervision time

DPI

Normal signal state change

Abnormal state change


ON ->OFF

ON ->intermediate ->ON

time out

ON

OFF

1

0

0

1

ON

OFF

1

0

0

1

ON

OFF

1

0

0

1

Normal signal state change



ON ->OFF

ON ->intermediate ->ON

time out

DPI

DPI

DPI

DPI DPI

DPI DPI

DPI

Supervision t ime for mid point = inactive


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Signal Inversion

After having a stable indication signal it is possible to define the logical state for the signal,corresponding to the signal voltage level. This function is the signal inversion. Theinversion is defined by a configuration parameter Invert the input value.

INVERSION = NO INVERSION = YES

logical 0 =OFF 0 V Process Voltagelogical 1 =ON Process Voltage 0 V

Tab le 2-1: Def in it ion o f Inversion

All other functions are then based on the signal state given by the inversion parameter.

Parameter: Invert the input value (SPI/DPI PDP Parameters)

2.1.4 Group Information

Group information are single point information data objects that are calculated from otherSPI s by logical operations.

The RTU560 supports different group information types:

OR groups (>=)

AND groups (&)

NOR groups Dynamic OR groups

A group information data object can be generated out of all single point information (SPI)processed in the RTU560. A group information can also be an input to another groupinformation.

The number of input signals per group information is limited to 16 signals.

The group information is communicated as SPI event on the internal communication. Thetime stamp of the event will be the time of the input signal which forces the new eventmessage.

OR group

The output signal of an OR group is set to 1 when at least one input signal is set to 1. Thefirst signal which is set to 1 forces the transmission of the OR group signal.

The output signal of an OR group is set to 0, when all input signals are 0. The trailingedge of the last signal which is set to 0 forces the transmission of the OR group signal.


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AND group

The output signal of an AND group is set to 1 when all input signals are set to 1. The lastinput signal which is set to 1 forces the transmission of the AND group signal.

The output signal of an AND group is set to 0, when at least one input signal goes to 0.The trailing edge of this signal forces the transmission of the AND group signal.

NOR group

The output signal of a NOR group is set to 0 when at least one input signal is set to 1. Thefirst signal which is set to 1 forces the transmission of the NOR group signal.

The output signal of a NOR group is set to 1, when all input signal are 0. The trailing edgeof the last signal which is set to 0 forces the transmission of the NOR group signal.

Dynamic OR group

The output signal of a dynamic OR group is set to 1 every time a input signal is set to 1.Every signal which is set to 1 forces the transmission of the OR group signal.

The output signal of a dynamic OR group is set to 0, when all input signal are 0. Thetrailing edge of the last signal which is set to 0 forces the transmission of the OR groupsignal.

Qualifier for group signals

A group signal s qualifiers represent the logical OR of the qualifiers of all input signals of

the group information.


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2.1.5 Error Handl ing

23BE21 board failure

A 23BE21 board can be set "out of service":

the board has never been in service(configuration error)

the board failed during normal operation(hardware failure, I/O bus failure etc.)

the board has been removed or subrack power was lost.

If a board is set out of service the qualifiers of all configured indications are setINVALID due to board failure. The RTU560 treats all DPI and SPI messages ofthat board with qualifiers IV =1.

A 23BE21 board can be set in service again during runtime:

if the board is replaced

if power is turned on again in the subrack

if the I/O bus is O.K.

When this happens the following sequence recovers the indications:

normalize the 23BE21

load all parameters for the configured indications (done by PDP)

read all values (signal state)

Reset qualifier IV to 0 and transmit the actual value and qualifier status to NCC.

Dynamic Qualif ier Changes

An indication can change qualifier status at runtime if:

the 23BE21 board fails (qualifier IV =1)

the oscillation suppression is activated and triggered for that indication(qualifier BL =1)


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2.2 Analog Measured Value Processing

2.2.1 Analog measured value types

Each analog value is converted by the analog digital converter (ADC) of the 23AE21board into a signed integer presentation. The presentation is shown in Figure 2-5. The100% input signal value is represented with 12 bit plus sign.

Figure 2-5: Analog Value Presentat ion by ADC

The PDP converts the value to a normalized presentation.

2.2.2 Function Distribut ion

The process data acquisition functions for analog measured values (AMI analogmeasured value input) processed by the RTU560 can be split into functions handled by:

IOC of the analog input board 23AE21

Process data processing (PDP) part of the CMU

Protocol specific communication interface at a CMU

2000

3000

1000

-2000

-3000

-20 -15 -10 -5 5 10 15 20

Input signal

[digits]

[e.g. mA]

-100 25 50 75 100 [%]

Analog Value Presentation according to IEC 870-5-101

e.g. -20..+20

mA

- 4096

+4096


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The data processing functions of the communication interface is described in thedocumentation of the specific communication protocol.

23AE21:

- Scan analog input cyclically

- Zero value supervision and switching detection

- Smoothing

- Threshold supervision on integrator algorithm

- Periodic update of RTU data base

- Store events into FIFO with time stamp

CMU - PDP functions:

- Unipolar and live zero conversion

- Scaling

- Threshold supervision on absolute threshold value

- Transmission to internal communication

2.2.3 23AE21 funct ions

The IOC of the 23AE21 board supports the analog measured value (AMI) functions. Theparameters of each function and each AMI are loaded from PDP at start up or if the boardmust be initialized during runtime.

If the data point is blocked the status is set to Blocked and no changes are reported fromthe PDP.

Parameter: Blocked (AMI PDP Parameters)

Line Frequency and Scan Cycle

Each channel is scanned by the IOC of the 23AE21 cyclically. The scan cycle is given bythe AC line frequency:

50 Hz: 580 milliseconds for all 8 channels

60 Hz: 500 milliseconds for all 8 channels 16.6 Hz: 1620 milliseconds for all 8 channels

The scan frequency is independent from the number of configured channels. The Linefrequency must be equal to the 23AE21 hardware setting (boardwide parameter).

Parameter: Line frequency (AMI PDP Parameter)


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Zero Value Supervision and Switching Detection

An input signal between +0.25 % and - 0.25 % is forced to 0 %. This allows to rejectnoise on the input signal produced by the transducer etc. The zero value supervision isfixed to 0.25 % and always active

The switching detection is a special function of the 23AE21. It is used to force a valueupdate to PDP if a signal changes only some few percent from/to zero. The function isonly active when threshold supervision with integration is selected. The thresholdsupervision on integrator algorithm would need some cycles before the threshold isexceeded and reported to NCC. This gives a transient situation, e.g. the 380 kVtransmission line is switched but the actual current does not change more or lessimmediately.

Switching detection operates in that form that every time a signal changes to/from0 %from/to more than 2.5 % the new value is transmitted to PDP immediately. If the newvalue is below 2.55 % an event is not forced. PDP transmits the received value to NCCregardless of any other parameter.

Switching detection is a fixed parameter and can not be parameterized

Figure 2-6: Zero Value Supervision and Switching Detection

+2.5

+0.25

- 0.25

-2.5

0

23AE21

scan cycle

[%]

Input Signal

time

Event transmission to UB due toswitching detection

zero valuezone


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Smoothing

Unstable input signals may be smoothed to prevent too many CS updates. Smoothing canbe parameterized per input by the configuration parameter Smoothing . No smoothing canbe configured. The smoothing factor is given in binary factors.

Parameter: Smoothing (AMI PDP Parameter)

Figure 2-7: Smoothing of Analog Values

The IOC calculates the new value by the formula:

agl

agl

nglMW

K

MWMWMW +

=

MWngl = new calculated analog measured valueMW = raw analog measured value (result of A/D conversion)MWagl = last calculated valuek = smoothing factor (2, 4, 8, 16, .. 128)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

MW

23AE21

MWngl for e.g. k=2

scan cycle

[%]

Input Signal

time


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Threshold Supervision on Integrator Algorithm

Threshold supervision can be done on two different methods within RTU560. Thedecision of which method is active depends on the configured parameters.

If threshold supervision with integration is selected the 23AE21 board is doing it. The IOCcalculates at each cycle the difference between the last reported analog value and theactual value. The difference is added to the accumulated value in the threshold differenceregister. If the accumulated deltas exceed the parameterized threshold value, the actualvalue is stored into the FIFO and reported to PDP . The actual value becomes the lastreported value. The threshold difference register is set to zero. The accumulation is donein consideration of the sign of the difference.

Figure 2-8: Threshold Supervision with Integrat ion

20

40

60

0

Input Signal[%]

scan cycle

new valuetransmissionnew valuetransmission

new valuetransmission

time

+10

0

-10

[% of input signal]

Threshold Difference-

Register

23AE21

+threshold

- threshold

exceed threshold exceed threshold

time

example =threshold =10 % of input signal

deltas (differences) to last reported value

exceed threshold


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The threshold difference register is cleared if:

the value exceeds the threshold value

the switching detection supervision was triggered

the value passed a monitored limit

The threshold value can be parameterized by Threshold. To be independent of the scancycle the threshold is calculated on a threshold integration per second. The threshold isrescaled according to the Line frequency:

50 Hz: threshold = Threshold / 0.58

60 Hz: threshold = Threshold / 0.5

16.6 Hz: threshold = Threshold / 1.62

The maximum loadable threshold for an 23AE21 board is 50 % (1024 digits) of thenominal value and referenced to a scan cycle. By rescaling the threshold to a per secondstandard the nominal threshold will be:

50 Hz: threshold = up to 29% of nominal value

60 Hz: threshold = up to 25% of nominal value

16.6 Hz: threshold = up to 81% of nominal value

Parameter: Threshold ( AMI PDP Parameter)Line frequency ( AMI PDP Parameter)

Periodic update of RTU data base

If a periodic update of the RTU560 data base is required, the 23AE21 board can beparameterized to transmit the AMV periodically. The configuration parameter PeriodicUpdate specifies how often the data base should be updated.

Parameter: Periodic Update ( AMI PDP Parameter)

The periodic update is independent of threshold supervision with integration. That meansa value might be transmitted twice to PDP in a cycle:

1. caused by threshold exceeding

2. caused by periodic update

The periodic update time is selectable between 1, 2, 4, 8, 30 and 60 seconds.


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FIFO storage of 23AE21

To decouple event bursts from I/O bus transmission etc. the events are stored into the23AE21 board FIFO. Up to 50 events can be stored within the FIFO. If the FIFO becomesfull and the IOC has to store events it stops its activities until there is space. Each event

has a time stamp with a resolution of one millisecond within a minute. The absolute timeis expanded by the PDP .

For each measured value written to the FIFO the IOC reads the actual time. The effectivetime quality is equivalent to the scan cycle of the analog input board.

2.2.4 PDP Functions of the CMU

Bipolar, Unipolar and Live Zero conversion

The input signal type allows to specify unipolar input signals. That means a negative valueis not allowed (possible). The RTU560 flags an unipolar defined input signal with thequalifier invalid (qualifier IV =1) if the value becomes negative (>Zero Value Supervision=- 0.25 %).

Input signals with live zero presentation (standard = 4..20 mA) are transformed to thestandard presentation of 0...100 % by the PDP. The conversion is done in the form that:

20 % of the input signal rage (standard: 4 mA) becomes 0 % of the normalizedAMI value

100 % of the input signal rage (standard: 20 mA) becomes 100 % of the

normalized AMI value

Input signals below 20 % (4 mA) are set to 0 %. For a value below 17,5 % (3,5 mA) theAMI is indicated to be faulty (qualifier IV=1)

Figure 2-9: L ive Zero Conversion

The configuration parameter Input signal type specifies the input is a bipolar, a unipolar ora live zero signal. The configuration parameter Input signal range specifies the hardwaresetting of the 23AE21 board.

100 %

20 mA (100%)


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Parameter: Input signal range ( AMI PDP Parameter)Input signal type ( AMI PDP Parameter)

Scaling

The PDP converts the value to a normalized AMI format. The configuration parameterConversion factorspecifies the percentage of the maximum input signal that is defined as100 % of the normalized value.

Parameter: Conversion factor ( AMI PDP Parameter)

Figure 2-10: Analog Value Conversion AMI

Threshold Supervision on absolute Threshold Value

Threshold supervision can be done on two different methods within RTU560. Thedecision of which method is active depends on the configured parameters.

In this mode the PDP checks each AMI received from 23AE21 against the last reportedvalue. If the new value exceeds the last reported value plus threshold the received AMIwill become last reported value and is transmitted to NCC.

The threshold value can be parameterized byThreshold. The threshold is monitored everynn seconds. Therefore the 23AE21 transmits the actual value periodically. The period isgiven by the configuration parameter Periodic update.

-20 -15 -10 -5 5 10 15 20

Input signal

[digits]

[e.g. mA]

-100 -75 -50 -25 25 50 75 100 [%]

e.g. conv. factor =75 %

- 100 %

Normalized AMI value

+100 %


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Parameter: Threshold (AMI PDP Parameter)Periodic update (AMI PDP Parameter)

Figure 2-11: Threshold Supervision on Absolute Value

Only one method can be used for threshold supervision. Either the integration method oron absolute threshold.

2.2.5 Error Handl ing

AMV overflow and/or A/D converter errors

The 23AE21 board checks at start up and during each conversion the functionality of theA/D converter. If an error is detected the AMIs are marked invalid. The qualifier IV is set to1 and transmitted to NCC with the new state.

For AMIs with live zero conversion a value below 17,5 % (standard: 3,5 mA) is markedinvalid.

E560 Function Description

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