E Foundations Adaptations - Pearson...

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Chandler, Arizona

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Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

FoundationsLeveL E

Adaptations

Online Resources

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ISBN: 978-0-66364-284-71 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16 15 14 13 12

Table of Contents

Lesson 3Filling in the Family Tree

Lesson 4What I Learned about Coyotes

Lesson 5Working with Pronouns, Part 1

Working with Pronouns, Part 1 Answer Key

Lesson 6Venn Diagram: Dogs/Wolves

Venn Diagram: Dogs/Wolves Answers

Dog/Wolf Comparison Answers

Lesson 7Venn Diagram: Dogs/Wolves/Coyotes

Dog/Wolf/Coyote Comparison

Comparison of Wolf and Coyote

Wolf/Coyote/Dog Matrix 1

Wolf/Coyote/Dog Matrix 1 Answers

Lesson 8Dog Adaptation Timeline

Lesson 9Man’s Best Friend Graphic Organizer

Lesson 10Working with Pronouns, Part 2

Working with Pronouns, Part 2 Answers

Lesson 14Selecting the Right Dog

Lesson 16Working Dog Matrix

Working Dog Matrix Answers

Lesson 18If/Then Answers

Lesson 30Research Planning Sheet

Note to Presenters

Project Presentation Rubric

Project Writing Rubric

Credits

foundations • adaPtations—LEVEL E Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved.

Lesson 3

Filling in the Family Tree

Kingdom ____________________________________

Phylum ____________________________________

Class ____________________________________

Order ____________________________________

Family____________________________________

Genus ____________________________________

Species ____________________________________

foundations • adaptations—LEVEL E Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved.

Lesson 4

What i Learned about Coyotes

Coyote

adaptations:

food: Enemies:

Relatives:


1 of 2

Lesson 5

Working with Pronouns, Part 1

1 Have you seen a coyote lately? Have you heard one howling in the night or yip yapping in the day? Your chances of having one for a neighbor are better than they used to be.

2 This small, gray cousin of the wolf is moving from the west to the east. This brother of the dog is moving closer to civilization.

3 Once the coyote wandered mainly on our western prairie, but now it lopes up and down the east coast. It roams as far north as Alaska and it has gone south to Costa Rica. Despite human efforts to get rid of it, the coyote has increased its range. The coyote has learned to move where people are because people mean food.


2 of 2

16 Quick to learn where a new meal may come from, the coyote uses several tricks. It follows an elk to get a free lunch. The elk paws in the snow for grass. It accidentally flushes out a mouse and the coyote pounces on it. At other times two coyotes team up to catch a rabbit or duck—one coyote distracts the prey while the other makes the kill. Or a coyote may hunt with a badger for prairie dogs. With its powerful claws, the badger digs prairie dogs out of their underground homes. Then the coyote swoops down with its great swiftness. Then the two animals share the feast.

17 Are we in danger now that the coyote lives among us? Should we be afraid? There is no reason for fear. Coyotes don’t attack human beings unless they are trapped or cornered. Dogs, on the other hand, bite one and a half million people a year. Only if a coyote has rabies might it bite a person. The coyote may be the cleverest of all wild animals. It has learned to survive and prosper in new lands. And it is living right in our midst.

Working with Pronouns, Part 1 Lesson 5

Excerpted from “The Adaptable Coyote!”

1 Have you seen a coyote lately? Have you heard one howling in the night or yip yapping in the day? Your chances of having one for a neighbor are better than they used to be.

2 This small, gray cousin of the wolf is moving from the west to the east. This brother of the dog is moving closer to civilization.

3 Once the coyote wandered mainly on our western prairie, but now it lopes up and down the east coast. It roams as far north as Alaska and it has gone south to Costa Rica. Despite human efforts to get rid of it, the coyote has increased its range. The coyote has learned to move where people are because people mean food.


1 of 2

Lesson 5

Working with Pronouns, Part 1 answer Key


2 of 2

16 Quick to learn where a new meal may come from, the coyote uses several tricks. It follows an elk to get a free lunch. The elk paws in the snow for grass. It accidentally flushes out a mouse and the coyote pounces on it. At other times two coyotes team up to catch a rabbit or duck—one coyote distracts the prey while the other makes the kill. Or a coyote may hunt with a badger for prairie dogs. With its powerful claws, the badger digs prairie dogs out of their underground homes. Then the coyote swoops down with its great swiftness. Then the two animals share the feast.

17 Are we in danger now that the coyote lives among us? Should we be afraid? There is no reason for fear. Coyotes don’t attack human beings unless they are trapped or cornered. Dogs, on the other hand, bite one and a half million people a year. Only if a coyote has rabies might it bite a person. The coyote may be the cleverest of all wild animals. It has learned to survive and prosper in new lands. And it is living right in our midst.

Working with Pronouns, Part 1 answer Key Lesson 5

Excerpted from “The Adaptable Coyote!”


Lesson 6

Venn diagram: dogs/Wolves

dogs

Both

Wolves


Venn diagram: dogs/Wolves answersLesson 6

dogs

Both

Wolves

•Fed

, worked

, pam

pered by hum

ans

•W

ant attention and

affection from people

•Trained

to meet

human need

s

•L

ive outside,

hunt for food,

and live in a pack

•O

nly want food

from

humans

•G

orge food

•Tear things up

if they were in a

house

•N

ot interested in

pleasing humans

•Shy of people

•Purpose is

survival

appearance


Lesson 6

dog/Wolf Comparison answers

Dogs Wolves

• Fed, worked, pampered by humans

• Live outside, hunt for food, and live in a pack

• Want attention and affection from people

• Only want food from humans

• Gorge food• Trained to meet human needs • Not interested in pleasing

humans• Tear things up if they were in a

house• Shy of people• Purpose is survival

• Dog/wolf puppies look alike • Dog/wolf pups look alike


Lesson 7

Venn diagram: dogs/Wolves/Coyotes


1 of 2

Lesson 7

dog/Wolf/Coyote Comparison

Dogs Wolves Coyotes

• Fed, worked, pampered by humans

• Live outside, hunt for food, and live in a pack

• Want attention and affection from people

• Only want food from humans

• Avoid human interaction

• Gorge food

• Trained to meet human needs

• Not interested in pleasing humans

• Tear things up if they were in a house

• Shy of people

• Purpose is survival

• Dogs, wolves, coyotes look alike



• Most have more forward-placed eyes

• Eyes are more laterally placed

• Most have shorter snout compared to head size

• Longer snout • Muzzle long and pointed

• Teeth generally smaller compared to head size

• Larger teeth in comparison to size of head and mouth

• Generally smaller head-to-body ratio, though ratio does tend to be greater in small breeds

• Larger head in proportion to body size

• Normally walks, stands, and trots with tail up

• Normally walks, stands, and trots with tail down

• Right and left feet move in separate lines parallel to each other

• Places feet in nearly single line when moving forward

• Curved to curled tail • Nearly straight tail • Tail pointed to the ground


dog/Wolf/Coyote ComparisonLesson 7

2 of 2

Dogs Wolves Coyotes

• Also may have blue eyes

• Amber to brown eyes • Eyes are yellow to green

• Normally larger ears compared to head size

• Smaller ears as compared to head size

• Forelimbs closer to same size as upper

• Longer forelimbs compared to upper leg bone in front legs

• Generally more stoutly built, with shorter legs in proportion to body mass; larger breeds tend to be heavier boned

• Leaner/longer look, especially with wild living animals

• Feet are smaller in comparison to body size; front feet same size or slightly larger than rear

• Large feet; front feet are larger than rear


Lesson 7

Comparison of Wolf and Coyote


Lesson 7

Wolf/Coyote/dog Matrix 1

Wolf Coyote Dog

Length

Height


Lesson 7

Wolf/Coyote/dog Matrix 1 answers

Physical Wolf Coyote Dog

Length 4.5 to 6.5 feet 3.5 to 4.4 feet 8 inches (Chihuahua) to 45 inches (Mastiff)

Height 26 to 32 inches 16 to 20 inches 6 inches (Chihuahua) to 30 inches (Mastiff)

Weight 60 to 115 lbs 20 to 50 lbs 1.5 lbs (Chihuahua) to 200 lbs (Mastiff)

CoatTan with gray and black or black and

white, never spotted

All shades gray or reddish brown, rusty feet and ears, whitish

throat and belly, never spotted

May be spotted

Muzzle Large and blocky Petite and pointed Shorter snout

Track size 3.5 by 4.5 inches 1.5 by 2.5 inches

Variable depending on breed; only a few

dogs leave tracks that are longer than

4 inches

Tail

Long and bushy, pointed straight out

or hangs straight down, never curled

Usually pointed downMay curl or point

straight up

EarsAlways alert, rounded,

2 inches long, small compared to the head

Pointed, relatively long, never hang

down

May hang down, normal size in relation

to the head

Eyes Amber to brown Yellow to green Brown, gold, amber, and blue


Lesson 8

dog adaptation timeline

Evidence of wolves

2000 18001600140012001000800 600 400 200 1 AD 200 BC 400 BC

14,000 years ago

100,000 years ago

400,000 years ago

2 million years ago

Wolf and man fossils found close to each other

Dogs break away from wolves

Dog and human fossils found together

350 BC—Three types of domesticated dogs in Greece used by the rich to chase and kill deer

50 BC—Roman warriors train large dogs for battle

476–1000 AD (Dark Ages)—Dogs scavenged corpses of plague victims

Dogs chase rabbits and deer for British royalties

1600s—In England, dogs pull sleds, carts, plows, herd livestock, and work as turnspits, powering wheels that turn beef and venison roasts over open fires (working dogs not the object of care; most hanged or drowned when they got old). Development of King Charles II Spaniel (Toy dog)

1873—Kennel Clubs established in England


Lesson 9

Man’s Best friend Graphic organizer

Mastiffs

Egyptians and Chaldeans used them to scare off predators

and robbers.

Celts used them in battle.

Romans used them as entertainment

in their arenas.

Enormous Dogs

during time of spanish armada,

British used staffordshire Bull

terriers to scare the enemy soldiers.


1 of 2

Lesson 10


4 One theory is that female wolves, captured and held by early

humans as a future source of food, might have given birth in

captivity to the first puppies, which may have become playthings

for Stone Age children. As the puppies matured, they may have

begun to develop loyalty to their human companions and to use

their keen senses to detect the approach of a predator and to

sound an early alarm, often well before a dangerous animal could

be seen or heard by humans.


2 of 2

Lesson 10


5 Over time, dogs and humans developed a symbiotic relationship.

Dogs would warn humans of approaching predators or strangers,

defending the camp and eventually guarding the most vulnerable

members of the tribe—women and children—and other animals.

Early humans would also bring their dogs along when hunting,

and the dogs’ talented noses and ears became invaluable tools

for avoiding ambushes and sniffing out prey. As a reward for

their hard work, dogs could be guaranteed a share in the bounty

from the hunt as well as a safe place to sleep on long, cold nights,

protected by the warm campfires of early humans.

Excerpted from “From Big Bad Wolf to Man’s Best Friend”


4 One theory is that female wolves, captured and held by early

humans as a future source of food, might have given birth in

captivity to the first puppies, which may have become playthings

for Stone Age children. As the puppies matured, they may have

begun to develop loyalty to their human companions and to use

their keen senses to detect the approach of a predator and to

sound an early alarm, often well before a dangerous animal could

be seen or heard by humans.

1 of 2

Lesson 10

Working with Pronouns, Part 2 answers


5 Over time, dogs and humans developed a symbiotic relationship.

Dogs would warn humans of approaching predators or strangers,

defending the camp and eventually guarding the most vulnerable

members of the tribe—women and children—and other animals.

Early humans would also bring their dogs along when hunting,

and the dogs’ talented noses and ears became invaluable tools

for avoiding ambushes and sniffing out prey. As a reward for

their hard work, dogs could be guaranteed a share in the bounty

from the hunt as well as a safe place to sleep on long, cold nights,

protected by the warm campfires of early humans.

2 of 2

Lesson 10

Working with Pronouns, Part 2 answers

Excerpted from “From Big Bad Wolf to Man’s Best Friend”


Lesson 14

selecting the Right dog

Carolyn is a librarian who lives in a small apartment in Chicago. She enjoys walking back and forth to work every day. She walks four blocks to work every morning at 9 am and is home in the evening by 5:30 pm. Carolyn is a healthy 60-year-old woman who likes to read books and listen to music. She has three teenage grandchildren who visit her sometimes on weekends and friends who occasionally come to dinner. But Carolyn is still lonely and would like a dog to share her home with. Carolyn has no allergies. Her salary is sufficient to afford a dog, its care, and feeding.


Lesson 16

Working dog MatrixTi

tle

of A

rtic

leBr

eed

Bree

d G

roup

Dog

’s Jo

bBe

havi

ors

Bene

fits

to H

uman

s


Working dog Matrix answersLesson 16

Titl

e of

Art

icle

Bree

dBr

eed

Gro

upD

og’s

Job

Beha

vior

sBe

nefit

s to

Hum

ans

Dog

s of

War

Belg

ian

Mal

inoi

s an

d G

erm

an

Shep

herd

Her

ding

G

roup

(from

Dog

Br

eeds

cha

rt,

Less

on 1

4)N

o ot

her i

nfo

in th

e ar

ticle

Det

ect

expl

osiv

esIn

tens

e,

inte

llige

nt,

hard

w

orki

ng

Expl

osiv

e de

tect

ion,

at

tack

on

com

man

d

Gua

rd D

ogs

New

- fo

undl

and

Wor

king

G

roup

(One

of t

he

char

acte

ristic

s of

the

Wor

king

G

roup

is to

re

scue

.)

To re

scue

hu

man

s fr

om w

ater

Inte

llige

nt,

gent

le

disp

ositi

on,

resc

uing

pe

ople

from

dr

owni

ng,

good

sw

imm

er

Nat

ural

life

guar

d

U.S

. Bea

gle

Brig

ade

Is

Firs

t Def

ense

Ag

ains

t Alie

n Sp

ecie

s

Beag

leH

ound

Gro

up(A

ccor

ding

to

“Sel

ectiv

e Br

eedi

ng,”

houn

d do

gs

have

a k

een

sens

e of

sm

ell.)

Sniff

out

frui

ts,

vege

tabl

es,

and

mea

ts

that

are

ba

nned

from

cr

ossi

ng th

e bo

rder

Goo

d se

nse

of s

mel

l, go

od w

ith

peop

le a

nd

child

ren,

go

od fo

od

driv

e

Prot

ect t

he

agric

ultu

re in

dust

ry

by k

eepi

ng o

ut

prod

uce

that

cou

ld

dest

roy

the

crop

s gr

own

in th

e U

nite

d St

ates


1 of 2

Lesson 18

if/then answers

9. If you breed a Beagle or another hunting dog with drop earswho has a strong hunting instinct and needs to be trained not to run off

with a __________________________

who has:

then you will most likely get a Beagle mix (crossbreed) who will have a• strong hunting instinct• need for training to “stay” and “come”

10. If you breed a Terrier who has a wiry coat or beard with a __________________________

who has:

then you will most likely get a crossbreed who to some degree has tenacity, intelligence, a love for rats and digging, a wiry coat and/or beard

11. If you breed a Border Collie or Corgi mix who has intelligence, agility, likes to keep everything safely in one place, and loves to herd

with a __________________________

who has:

then you will most likely get a herding dog mix who is intelligent, agile, likes to keep everything safely in one place, loves to herd


2 of 2

Lesson 18

if/then answers

12. If you breed a Pit Bull who is very affectionate with a __________________________

who has:

then you will most likely get a Pit Bull mix who is affectionate and needs tohave its affection returned

13. If you breed a Shepherdwho is hard working, very intelligent, trainable with a __________________________

who has:

then you will most likely get a mixed breed who is or may be smaller than a shepherd or much larger than a shepherd but who will have a long, dark snout, erect ears, a black and tan coat, an athletic body, and is hard working, intelligent, very trainable

14. If you breed a Labrador Retriever who has a wide head with a __________________________

who has:

then you will most likely get a lab mix with a more narrow head and a longer snout who is a natural born swimmer, needs much exercise

14. If you breed a Labrador Retriever who has a glossy coat

with a wire-haired Terrier

who has:

then you will most likely get a lab mix who has a wiry coat, has whiskers, and a full beard


1 of 2

Topic Question: Are dogs social parasites?

Decision:

Reasons for My DecisionWhat do I need to know in order to provide evidence

for my reasons? How can I show that my reasons are valid?

Reason #1

Reason #2:

Reason #3:

Reason #4 or other notes:

Research Notes and/or Sources

Research Planning sheetLesson 30


2 of 2


Decision:

Reasons for My DecisionWhere can I find the facts, statistics, or information? Are there organizations or agencies that might have

websites on this topic?

Reason #1

Reason #2:

Reason #3:

Reason #4 or other notes:

Research Notes and/or Sources

Research Planning sheetLesson 30


• What I learned from your project was _______.

• Your most convincing evidence was _______.

• I agree/disagree with your argument because _______.

note to PresentersLesson 30


Project Presentation RubricLesson 30


Claim:

Presenters:

Introduces the claim clearly and acknowledges opposing claims.

Could be improved by introducing the claim more clearly or by acknowledging opposing claims.

Presents accurate information.

Could be improved by presenting accurate information.

Is well organized.

Could be improved by being better organized.

Is easy to read or understand.

Could be improved by being easier to read or understand.

Supports the claim with logical reasoning and evidence, using three to five sources.

Could be improved by supporting the claim with logical reasoning and evidence or by using more sources.

Is clearly presented.

Could be improved by presenting information more clearly.

Notes:



Claim:

Author:

Introduces the claim clearly and acknowledges opposing claims.

Could be improved by introducing the claim more clearly or by acknowledging opposing claims.

Organizes the reasons and evidence logically.

Could be improved by organizing the reasons and evidence logically.

Supports the claim with logical reasoning and evidence, using three to five sources.

Could be improved by supporting the claim with logical reasoning and evidence or by using more sources.

Uses words to create cohesion and clarify relationships.

Could be improved by using words to create cohesion and clarify relationships.

Establishes and maintains a formal style.

Could be improved by establishing and maintaining a formal style.

Provides a concluding statement that supports the argument presented.

Could be improved by providing a concluding statement that supports the argument presented.

Notes:

Project Writing RubricLesson 30

Credits

Pearson Education“Adaptable Coyote” by Maggie E. Miller from Ride the Sunrise, Ginn And Company, Level 12, 5th Grade. Used by permission.

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