e Essay Physics.spm

5/26/2018 e Essay Physics.spm

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MK RAJA PEREMPUAN, IPOHKOLEK I E-E EI ( PM) 2010

PANITIA FIZIK1. Diagram below shows waves moving towards a harbour.

a) i) What is the meaning of diffraction ? [1mark]

ii) Draw the wave pattern of the waves after passing through the entrance ofthe harbour. [1mark]

b) The entrance is made wider to allow more ships to enter the harbour. What is the

effect on

i) the waves passing through the entrance? [marks]

ii) the harbour? [1mark]

c) Diagram below shows another modification to the harbour to overcome the heav!sea traffic problem. The wave pattern produced at the entrances is shown inDiagram below.

i) The wave formed is caused b! the superposition of waves from two coherentsources. What is the meaning of coherent sources ? [1mark]

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ii) Describe the movement of two similar ships that are located at " and #. $%plain!our answer. [&mark]

d) " new harbour is to be built at a new location. The suggested new location is either at aba! or a cape. 'our models for the structure of the retaining wall are given.

Table below shows the location and the characteristics of the four retaining walls.$%p la in the bes t l oca t ion and the su i tab i l i t ! o f each charac te r i s t i cin Tab le above . De te rmine the most su i tab le re ta in ing wa l l to beused .[1(marks ]

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. Diagrams &.1 and &. show two taps relesing droplets of water into large containers. The number of droplets which fall per second in Diagram &.1 is more compared to the number of droplets in Diagram &.. The cross sections of the water waves formed from the droplets in the containers are shown in the diagrams.

#ased on the above information and observation

*a) +tate one suitable inference [1 mark]

*b) +tate onesuitable h!pothesis [1 mark]

*c) With the use of apparatus such as a ripple tank , a vibration motor with ad-ustablefreuenc! and other apparatus describe an e%periment framework to investigate theh!pothesis stated in & b)./n !our description, state clearl! the following

*i) "im of the e%periment*ii) 0ariables in the e%periment*iii) ist of apparatus and materials*iv) "rrangement of the apparatus*v) The procedure of the e%periment which include the method of controlling the

manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.*vi) The wa! !ou would tabulate the data

*vii) The wa! !ou would anal!2e the data [1( marks]

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3. 'igure 1and show the interference patterns produced b! two vibrators vibrating on thesurface of water in a ripple tank.

*a) What is meant b! interference?

*b) #ased on the figures above, compare the patterns of interference of the water waves.+tate the relationship between the distance between the vibrators and the distancebetween two consecutive nodal and antinodal lines.

*c) Draw a labelled diagram to show the interference pattern produced b! two coherentlight sources.

*d) With the help of ultrasonic waves, a fishing boat can detects shoal of fish in the sea.

*i) What is ultrasonic wave?*ii) $%plain how fishing boats detect shoal of fish in the sea using ultrasonic waves.

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&. *a) The picture below shows the different t!pes of mobile phones available. The operationof the mobile phones needs a certain t!pe of wave for transmitting and receivingsignals.

The table below shows the characteristics of four t!pes of waves.

Electromagneticwaves

Type of waves Speed( m s-1)

Effect to user Sources of waves

4 +ound 3(( 5ot harmful 0ibrating obbects

6 /nfrared ra!s 3.( % 1(7 5ot harmful 8ot ob-ect

9 :icrowaves 3.( % 1(7 5ot harmful $lectric current

+ ;amma ra!s 3.( % 1(7 8armful +un

*i) What is the relationship between wavelength and freuenc!?*ii)


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>. The figure below shows an electric kettle connected to a &(0 power suppl! b! a fle%iblecable. The kettle is rated &(0, >((W@.

The table below shows the ma%imum electric current that is able to flow through wires ofvarious diameters.

Diameter of wire A mm :a%imum current A "

(.7( 7

1.(( 1(

1.( 13

1.&( 1>

*a) What is the current flowing through the cable when the kettle is switched on?

*b) 9eferring to the table above,

*i) what is the smallest diameter wire that can be safel! used for this kettle?*ii) e%plain wh! it is dangerous to use a wire thinner than the one selected in *b)*i)?

*c) +tate one precautionar! measure that should be taken to ensure safe usage of thekettle.

*d) :ention one fault that might happen in the cable that will cause the fuse in the plug tomelt.

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B. "nthon! records the detail of the electricit! usage of the various electrical appliances in hishouse for a da!. The observations are shown in the table below.

ElectricalAppliances

Power rating / W uration switc!ed on / !r Energy usage / "W!

"ir conditioner .( 3.(Water heater 3.( (.3

ights (.7 1(.(

Cettle .( (.

8ome theatre 1.( .(

*a) omplete the table above b! filling in the energ! usage for the various appliances.

*b) Which appliance cost the most to use?

*c) /f the meter that records the dail! electrical energ! usage is >B&. kWh at thebeginning of the da!, what will be the reading at the end of the da!?

*d) The wires connected to the water heater is thicker than those connecting to the lights.;ive a reason for this.

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E. 'igure 1 shows the reading of the voltmeter in a simple electric circuit.'igure shows the reading of the same voltmeter.

*a) What is meant b! electromotive force *e.m.f.) of a batter!?

*b) 9eferring to 'igure 1 and 'igure , compare the state of the switch, +, and the readingsof the voltmeter. +tate a reason for the observation on the readings of the voltmeter.

*c) Draw a suitable simple electric circuit and a suitable graph, briefl! e%plain how thee.m.f. and the uantit! in !our reason in *b) can be obtained.

*d)

The figure above shows a dr! cell operated torchlight with metal casing.

*i) What is the purpose of the spring in the torchlight?*ii) Wh! is it safe to use the torchlight although the casing is made of metal?*iii) What is the purpose of having a concave reflector in the torchlight?

7. " group of engineers were entrusted to choose a suitable cable to be used as thetransmitting cable for a long distance electrical transmission through 5ational ;rid 5etwork.

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'our different cables and their characteristics of the cables were given. The length anddiameter of all the cables are similar.

*a) Define the resistance of a conductor.

*b) The table below shows the characteristics of the four cables, ", #, and D.

9esistivit!A W m

:a%imum load beforebreaking A 5

Densit! A kgm=3 9ate of e%pansion

" (.(( >(( 7(( ow

# (.(>B 3(( 3(( ow

(.(31 &(( >B(( :edium

D (.(7> (( 37(( 8igh

#ase on the above table

*i) $%plain the suitabilit! of each characteristic of the cable to be used for a longdistance electricit! transmission.

*ii) Determine the most suitable wire and state the reason.

*c) +uggest how three similar bulbs are arranged effectivel! in a domestic circuit. Draw adiagram to e%plain !our answer. ;ive two reasons for the arrangement.

*d) "n electric kettle is rated .( kW.

*i) alculate how long would it take to boil 1.> kg of water from an initial temperatureof 7o.

[specific heat capacit! of water F &(( G kg=1 o

=1

]*ii) What is the assumption made in the calculations above?

H. 'igure 1B and 'igure 17 show photographs of two circuit. $ach circuit contains fouridentical bulbs connected to four identical new dr! cells.

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*a) *i) +tate the energ! transformation that take place in the bulb [ 1 mark]

*ii) Draw a circuit diagram for each photograph. [ 3 marks]

*b) *i) Ibserve the photographs in 'igure 1B and 'igure 1E. ompare the brightness of thebulbs.9elate the brightness of the bulbs between 'igure 1B and 'igure 1E to deduce aconcept in ph!sics with regard to the potential difference and the current flow for thebulbs in series and parallel circuits.

[B marks]

*c ) 'igure 17 shows a model of an incubator used to hatch eggs. The temperature in the

incubator must be maintained around 3H . $ver! part of the eggs must receive

uniform heat. The eggs are hatched in about ( da!s.

Jsing an appropriate concept in ph!sics , e%plain the modification reuired to the aboveincubator so as to efficientl! hatch about (( eggs. [1( marks]

1(. Figure 1 and Figure 2 below show the structures of a d.c motor and a d.c. generator respectiel!.

1"

Figure 16 Figure 17


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#a$ #i$ %tate the change of energ! that occurs in a motor.

#ii$ %&etch the catapult field that is produced in Figure 1 aboe.

#b$ 'eferring to the figures aboe( state two differences between the two motors.

#c$ )sing suitable ph!sics concept( describe what must be done to increase the efficienc! of the d.c.

motor.

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11.

*he diagram aboe shows the structure of a simple transformer.

#a$ #i$ +hat is the meaning of ,electromagnetic induction,-

#ii$ ist down two differences between a step/up and a step/down transformer.

#b$ the core of a transformer pla!s an important part in determining the efficienc! of the

transformer. *he table below shows four different metals 0( ( ' and % together with seeral

characteristics associated with them.

etals ensit! &g m/3 'esistiit! m asil! oidied asil! magnetied demagnetied

0 893" 5." 1"/8 o :es

65"" 3." 1"/8 o :es

' 1"75" 4." 1"/8 :es o

% 712" 3." 1"/8 :es o

plain the suitabilit! of each of the characteristics mentioned in choosing a smelt to be used as

the core of a transformer. Finall!( which metal would !ou choose to be used and wh!-

#c$ *he diagram below shows a transformer with four output terminals. *he primar! coil consists of

2"" turns connected to a 6; a.c. suppl!. *he number of turns between the terminals of thesecondar! coils are as shown below.

#i$ 14+( 12;?( to which pairs of terminals would !ou

connect the bulb to-

1. Figure 1 shows an electric circuit with one diode and the trace produced as shown on a


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#a$ +hat is meant b! rectification-

#b$ Aased on the figures aboe( compare the arrangement of the diodes( the t!pe input oltage and

the t!pe output oltage. %tate the use of the diodes in the figures aboe.

#c$ *race the path ta&en b! the current in Fig.2 if the terminal B is positie.

#d$ ame an electric component that needs to be connected to the output of both the circuits to

produce a more constant output.

#e$ %&etch a graph to show the effect on the output oltage of putting a capacitor in the circuit in

Fig.1.

13. *he diagrams below show four different circuits C( A( < and consisting arious electrical

components including a transistor( *.

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#a$ +hat is the meaning of semiconductor material-

#b$ %tate briefl! how is a p/t!pe semiconductor produced-

#c$ :ou are to set up a transistor circuit which can be used as a fire alarm. 'eferring to the circuits

C( A( < and ( discuss the suitabilit! of the t!pe and location of arious components in the

ma&ing of the fire alarm. Dence( choose the circuit which is suitable to be the circuit used in firealarm.

#d$ *he transistor circuit below functions as a fire alarm. *he alarm will sound if the potential

difference across '1is greater than 1." ;.

=f the resistance of '1and '3are 5"" and 1""" respectiel!(

#i$ calculate the potential difference across '3(

#ii$ calculate the potential difference across '1(#iii$ will the alarm be turned on- Eie a reason for !our answer.

1&. #a$ uation 1 shows the deca! of 'adon/222.

uation 2 shows the deca! of )ranium/238

uation 1 G 222 21886 84'n 0o B +

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uation 2 G 238 23492 9") *h : +

#i$ +hat is meant b! the term ,radioactiit!,-.

#ii$ Aased on the two euations aboe( state two similarities in the deca!s. From the two

euations determine the particles represented b! B and :.

#b$ =n the eplosion of an atomic bomb( a mass defect of ".1 g occurred in 1Hs. *his mass is

changed into energ!. etermine how much energ! is produced.

#c$ *he photograph below shows a nuclear power station. +hat are the safet! precautions that must

be ta&en in a nuclear power station.

1>.. 'adioactie isotopes are widel! used in arious industries. Cmong them is as a tracer to detect the

location of lea&s in an underground water pipes. *he table below shows the characteristics of four

t!pes of radioisotopes )( ; ( + and B.

%olubilit! in water Dalf/life *!pe of radiation emitted 0enetrating power

) %oluble 1 month I/particles ow

; %oluble 2 wee&s J/particles oderate

+ =nsoluble 1 month I/particles ow

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B =nsoluble 2 months J/particles oderate

#a$ #i$ +hat are isotopes-

#ii$ @n the same aes( s&etch two graphs showing the changes in the actiities of radioisotopes

+ and B. Cssume that the actiities of both radioisotopes are the same in the beginning.

abel the graphs appropriatel!.

#b$ *he ocal +ater Aoard inoled in the suppl! of water to the residents of Darmon! Earden

noticed a drop in the pressure of one of the pipes indicating a lea& somewhere. 'eferring to the

table aboe( discuss the suitabilit! of each characteristics of the radioisotopes that can be used as

a tracer to detect the location of the lea&. +hich isotope is the most suitable to be used and wh!-

#c$ *he table below shows the actiit! of a sample of a radioactie substance.

Cctiit! 88" 96" 98" 82"

#i$


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#a$ +hat happens to the core when the switch is turned on-

#b$ +hen the switch is turned off( state what happens

#i$ in the coil '% and

#ii$ the pointer of the galanometer.

#c$ =f the galanometer is replaced with a bulb with rating >3";( 42+?( it is found that the bulblights up normall! when 0 is connected to a power suppl! of 24"; a.c.


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1E.

*he diagram aboe shows the arious components found in an electric bell.

#a$ %tate the principal based on which the electric bell operates-

#b$ +hen the switch is pressed(

#i$ +hat happens to the soft iron core-

#ii$ %tate the polarit! of the end B.

#iii$ +hat happens to the hammer-

#c$ +hat happens when the soft iron core is replaced with steel-

#d$ ame another deice that uses the principle of electromagnetism in its operation.

17. *he diagram below shows three transformers L( and connected to a 24"; a.c. power suppl!.

*heir outputs are connected to 3 bulbs which are arranged differentl!.

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#a$ Cll the three transformers are identical.


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#a$ +hat are the names of the parts labelled B and :-

#b$ #i$ =n the figure aboe( show the direction of the forces that act on the sides CA and


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#a$ @n Figure 2(

#i$ draw the pattern of the magnetic field formed around the wire.

#ii$ draw an arrow on the plotting compass < to show the direction of the magnetic field

through the compass.

#b$ %tate the effect on the pointer in the compass if

#i$ a current of bigger magnitude flows through the wire in the same direction as in Figure 1.

#ii$ the direction of the current is reersed.

#c$


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#c$ Eie two changes that could be made so that the copper wire will act in the direction to !our

answer in #a$#i$.

1. *he diagram shows the structure of a simple


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#a$ ame the component labelled

#i$ 0

#ii$

#iii$ %

#b$ +hat is the function of the component labelled '-

#c$ =n the figure aboe( show how the collector current( =cand the base current( =bmight flow.

#d$ +hat happens to the magnitude of the potential difference ;Dwhen the surroundings become

bright-

#e$ plain how the change in the potential difference( ;D( will cause the motor be turned on-

3. *he figure below shows a circuit consisting three different logic gates.

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#a$ ame the logic gates

#i$ 0

#ii$ and

#iii$ '

#b$


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#a$ ame the logic gate used in the circuit aboe.

#b$ Aased on the information aboe( complete the truth table for the logic gate aboe.

=nput @utput Clarm

@FF

@

#c$ ame the component labelled .

#d$ =f the temperature of the cold room increases( what happens to the uantit! in the table below-


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#a$ ame the components labelled C( A and


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#b$ Dow man! protons and neutrons are there in the nucleus of B-

#c$ =f this nucleus is unstable and emits I/particles to become a more stable atom :( write down the

euation for this deca!.

#d$ *he half/life of this nuclide is 1" da!s. C laborator! has an initial mass of 25" g of a sample of

this radioactie material.

#i$ Dow much of this material remains after 3" da!s-

#ii$ %tate one safet! precaution that should be ta&en when handling this material.

E. *he diagram below shows the penetrating powers of three radioactie radiations B ( : and O.

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#a$ Crrange( in increasing order( the penetrating powers of these radiations.

#b$ =n the diagram below( draw the path ta&en b! these radiations when the! trael into an area

where the direction of the magnetic field is directed into the paper.

#c$ +hat happens to the proton number and the nucleon number if a radioactie nuclide were to

emit radiation B-

#d$ Cmong the three radiations( state two properties of radiation O.

7. #a$


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mostl! PPPPPPPPPP . C few particles were deiated through a small angle or een got deflected. =t

can be concluded from this eperiment that the nucleus has a relatiel! large PPPPPPPPPPP and a

PPPPPPPPPP charge.

#b$ *he table below shows three characteristics of three t!pes of radiations emitted from radioactie

materials.


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*he diagram aboe shows the structure of the smo&e detector. *he ammeter shows bigger reading

when there in no smo&e in between the plates compared to when there is smo&e.

#a$ %tate the nature of I/particles.

#b$ plain the presence of electric current flowing in the circuit.

#c$ plain wh! J/particles emitters are not used in this detector.

#d$ Cmericium/241 is an I/particle emitter and is represented b! the s!mbol 24195Cm . =t deca!s into

eptunium 237. *he s!mbol for neptunium is p. +rite down the euation that represents the

deca! of Cmericium/241.

3. Cn eperiment is conducted to detect the number of radioactie particles emitted b! a radioactie

source b! a group of students. *he diagram below shows the set/up of the apparatus.

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#a$ +hat is the name of the detector used in the eperiment-

#b$ *he students measures the number of particles emitted b! three different radioactie substances

B( : and O in a period of 1 minute. *he eperiments were repeated eer! hour. *he results are

shown in the table below

*imehr umber of particles detected minute

%ource B %ource : %ource O

" 24"" 36"" 72""

1 12"" 26"" 52""

2 6"" 18"" 44""

3 3"" 1""" 36""

4 15" 3"" 31""

Crrange the radioactie source in order of ascending half/life.

#c$ #i$ +hat is the half/life of the radioactie source :-

#ii$ etermine the time ta&en for the radioactie source : to deca! to 6.25K of its original

mass.

3.*he radioactie isotope of radon is radon/22"( represented b! the s!mbol 22"86 'n . 'adon/22" is an I/

particle emitter and deca!s into 0olonium # s!mbol 0o$.

#a$ *he number 22" for radon is called the RRRRRRRR.

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#b$ +hat is the number of neutrons in the nucleus of radon/22"-

#c$ *he nuclear euation that represents the deca! of radon/22" is

22" 11686 ! 'n 0o +

+hat is the number represented b!

#i$

#ii$ !

#iii$

#d$ uring the deca! of radon/22"( there is an apparent loss of mass of 1.14 1"/29&g.

#i$ +rite down the euation that enables the amount of energ! released to be determine.#ii$


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When the switch is on and iron filings of the same amount is spread on each of thecardboard surface, the pattern of the iron filings is formed as shown in the diagrams.

*a) What is meant b! magnetic field ? [1 mark]

*b) Jsing Diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(. , compare the number of turns of the

coils, the pattern of the iron filings and angle of deflection of the ammeter indicator.[ 3 marks]

*c) +tate the relationship between the strength of the magnetic field and*i) the pattern of the iron filings*ii) the number of turn of the coil [ marks]

*d) Diagram 1(.3 shows two thin copper strips , 46 and 9+ , connected to a circuit.

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$%plain what happens to 46 and 9+ , when the switch is on. [ & marks]

*e) Diagram 1(.& shows an electric motor which is supplied with a 1 0 a.c

*i) $%plain how the motor is able to rotate*ii) Jsing a 1 0 a.c power suppl! , e%plain the modification that needs to be

done on the motor and the e%ternal circuit to enable the motor to be a d.c

electric motor and rotate faster. [1( marks]

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11. 'igure &.1 shows circuits G,C , , : and 5 each containing an ideal transformer.Diodes in the circuits are used for the purpose of rectification.

*i) What is meant b! rectification ? [1 mark]*ii) $%plain the working principle of a transformer. [& marks]*iii)


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*b) 'igure &. shows a circuit consisting of a transformer , an ammeter and two lightbulbs. The ammeter reading is (.> " and both light bulbs light up with normalbrightness.

*i) What is the output of the transformer ?

*ii) alculate the efficienc! of the transformer ? [>marks

]

B. :ost of our electrical energ! comes from h!droelectric power stations and thermalpower stations. These power stations are connected b! cables to transmit electricit!to users in industries , offices , schools and houses. This s!stem is called thenational grid network.

*a) *i) +tate the transformations of energ! in a h!droelectric power stations. [ 1 mark]*ii) $%plain briefl! the importance of the national grid network s!stem in distributing

electrical energ! to the users. [ & marks]

'igure 1.1 shows how a model of an electric transmission s!stem can be set up inlaborator!. The model consists of a power station that generates 1 0 of alternatingcurrent * a.c) that transmits the electrical energ! to the users using transmission wiresand transformers 4 ,6 and 9.

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marks]

#um$er of turns of t!ecoil

Type of transformer core %aterials of transmissionwire

1((

1(((>((&((1B(1(

+olid copper core

aminated copper core+olid soft iron coreaminated soft iron core

onstantan

opper"luminium5ochrome

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E. Diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(. show two electrical circuits containing semiconductordiodes.

*a) What is meant b! a semiconductor ? [1 mark]*b) Jsing diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(., relate the lighting of the bulbs, the current

and the wa! the diode is connected to the terminals of the batter! to deduce arelevant ph!sics concept. [> marks]

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*c) Diagram 1(.3 shows a full wave rectifier circuit.

*i) Draw the wave form of a full wave rectification. [1 mark]*ii) " capacitor is placed across the output to smooth the current.

Draw the wave form produced.$%plain how a capacitors is used to smooth the current. [3 mark]

*d) Diagram 1(.& shows a circuit a transistor that acts as an automatic switch.

The transistor in the circuit causes the light emitting diode *$D) to light upwhen it is dark." technician wants a fan labeled &(0, 1((W in a room to be automaticall!switched on when the room is hot..+uggest modifications that can be made to the circuit in Diagram 1(.& so that the fancan be automaticall! switched on when the room is hot.Draw the modified circuit.+tate and e%plain the modifications based on the following aspects = the electrical components that are needed to replace the $D and the

light dependent resistor *D9) in the circuit.= the positions of the electrical components in the circuit. [1( mark]

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7. 4roduction of nuclear energ! and detecting the volume of a material are two e%amplesof the use of radioactive materials in industr!.Table .1 shows an euation of a reaction and total atomic mass before and after anuclear fission.

#uclear fission

#efore reaction "fter reaction

$uation 239

94 4u L1

" n 145

56 #a L93

38 +r L 1

" n L $nerg!

Total atomic mass &(.(B(7 a.m.u 3H.7>73( a.m.u

T"#$ .1Table . shows an euation of a reaction and total atomic mass before and after anuclear fusion.

#uclear fusion

#efore reaction "fter reaction

$uation 2

18 L

3

18

4

28e L

1

" n L $nerg!

Total atomicmass

>.(3(13 a.m.u>.(1(&3 a.m.u

T"#$ .

*a) *i) What is meant b! a nuclear fission? [ 1 mark]*ii) Jsing onlythe information given in Table .1 and ., compare nuclear

fission and nuclear fusion. 8ence state the relationship between mass andenerg! evolved. [ > marks]

*b) 5uclear fission produces a chain reaction. Describe how the chain reactionhappens in a nuclear fission of an atom uranium. [ & marks]

*c) " paint=producing factor! wants to develop a volume control s!stem which canensure the uantit! of paint in ever! tin is within a specific range. The tins ofpaint are transported on a conve!or belt as shown in 'igure .1. /f the volume ofthe paint is less or more than the specific range of volume, the tin will beseparated automaticall!.

'/;J9$ .1

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Jsing !our knowledge on radioactivit! and 'igure .1, e%plainM*i) the radioactivit! material and euipment reuired to develop the volume

control s!stem,*ii) how the euipment is assembled,*iii) how the s!stem works. [1( marks]

H .Diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(. show the deflection of a radioactive emission in an electric field.

*a) What is the meaning of radioactivit!? [1 mark]

*b) Jsing Diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(.,*i) state the charge of the radioactive emission, [1 mark]*ii) compare the voltage of the $8T and the deflection of the radioactive emission.

[ marks]*c) +tate the relationship between

*i) the voltage of the $8T and the strength of the electric field between the plates, [1 mark]

*ii) the strength of the electric field between the plates and the deflection of theradioactive emission. [1 mark]

*d) Diagram 1(.3 shows a t!pe of nuclear reaction.

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*i) 5ame this t!pe of nuclear reaction. [1 mark]*ii) $%plain how nuclear energ! is produced from the nuclear reaction shown in

Diagram 1(.3 [3 marks]

*e) Diagram 1(.& shows how a radioactive source is handled b! a student.

The method shown is not safe. +uggest and e%plain*i) The euipment to be used in handling a radioactive source.*ii) :odifications to the storing method to ensure safe keeping of the radioactive source.*iii) Ither precautions that need to be taken when handling a radioactive source.

[1( marks]

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