->ached 10 dis­roping ~g the ghbor­ne ob­llatch­ons of oultry

on is l!llent, e that odifted !ment. .ccept· s wild I black berry) foods

of the !Itera­.s may 1m up-small

ificant ith in­~ilable uction

game ~ssures

,nJy by r fox equate dsand nest­food. cover rposes :cover Habi­

is de­o gen­nat no

m can I == ,u0wed r dogs. ·ograJll on test

from of the

ay not estants ~nd no , used, ' ng the r. Ali 1anical will be I , broad l Ri'•er off tor years.

blUe r, ed ;toPP an al·

0 tbeir

e ~iSS' ·baDges . have IY tiOD gra ver tbe ,\\!Jl tbe . seasoP collle a :erfo\\'1-

Volume 14 OCTOBER, 1955 Number 10

BOWHUNTING -------,* * * * *

30 YEARS OF PHEASANT SEASONS

_ _ ,_,~::rr<lli"Jiir~~

It started back in 1900 on a pri­vate game farm near Cedar Falls. Owner William Benton was holding over 2,000 ringneck pheasants when a violent windstorm blew down some fence, liberating the birds. Rumor has it that the wind may have been helped by neigh­bors who believed pheasant stock­ing was a good idea.

This lucky accident was rein­forced by several years of stocking, primarily or eggs sent to farmers. In 1904 a~ unsuccessful attempt was made to establish birds in Keo­kuk county, but in 1907 and 1908 successful stocking was made in Kossuth and O'Brien counties. All early stockings were by private

•

FOR IOWA DEER * * * * * *

J ohn Madson E tl u c a t i o n , As!olil-tan t

October 29 marks the beginning of the 1955 deer season with the start of a 21-day bow and arrow only season in all Iowa counties.

There are a few bowhunters in the state who have killed deer, but only a few. Other I owa hunters, al­though interested in the prospect of taking venison with the bow, are in the dark about it. For these, the experts have some tips.

Fast Bows Two Des Moines archers, Bud

Austin and Francis Melton, have ~~~1~ hunted deer for several seasons in

Wisconsin, and have scored three times. They claim that a deer can be killed by a fine archer at 100 yards, and that a hunting arrow has plenty of punch far beyond that. Melton killed his first buck

persons. with a 70-yard chest shot, and the Strangely enough, much of this ..Jt:oC · ~:"' animal traveled only 35 yards be-

stocking effort was in south ern Jim Shenn•n Photo fore folding up. Both archers use Iowa and no one was concerned Iowa bowhunters are gett ing set for the 1955 d eer season, an~ Bud Aust i1t and C

1 huck bows that dr'aw Sli·bo-htly ovel·

50 t bl Miller of Des Moines prac t ic e on a life-sized d eer t a rge t . Aust•n 's glass and ma p e re- , with finding the most SUi a e c urve d bow draw s about 54 pounds; can drive a n arrow complet e ly through a d eer. pounds. pheasant range before stocking. It was not until 1932 that serious Par t ll They believe that many begin-

thought was given to maintaining AN EVALUATION OF THE RED FOX ners choose a hunting bow that is pheasants in northern Iowa. too heavy for them. It's more than

a matter of brute strength. A nov-Until just before World War I, have been killed regardless of the ice learning with a 70-pound bow is h t t k . as a hit or B y Dr. Thomas G. Scott

P easan s oc mg w - - bounty. using strange new muscles, will d th b" d I llin o is N a tural JU,.to~·y S u rvey miss proposition an e lr s were The bounty system cannot be di- have little control, and may tire slow in becoming established. It seems likely that several mil- rected efficiently toward the reduc- and become discouraged easily. State Game Warden Henshaw re- lion dollars may have been expend- tion of specific, excessive fox popu- Start with a lighter bow and worlc fused to become discouraged, and ed on fox bounties in the United lations because the administrative up. A man of average strength can urged hunters not to s hoot lone States during the past 20 years. areas in which funds are approved easily draw and shoot a 45 or 50 birds simply because they thought Perhaps the exact amount is not for bounties seldom conform with pound bow, both of which are leg~l the program had failed. But just important to this discussion, for the areas needing attention. Any for hunting deer in Iowa, and both after the first war it became evi- our concern is largely with eco- control technique must be consider- of which are perfectly capable of dent that pheasants were making nomic policy. ed wasteful of time and money if it killing a deer cleanly. progress, and their numbers began The bounty system has been cannot be directed against specific Many modern bows are !ami-to rise.

carefully reviewed and found want- trouble spots. nated, made up of layers of fiber-By 1923 the old fish and game de- ing by a number of workers. F raud glass, wood or plastic and cement-

partment was considering an open Bounty payments have been col- Fraud takes many forms in a ed together under great pressure. season in counties where birds were lected regularly on foxes that have bounty system. The collection of Such bows are considered by most most numerous, but the legislature been shot or trapped for fur, for bounties on foxes taken outside the to be vastly superior to the old didn't think the time was right. sport, or for local control. Most of area in which a bounty law applies wooden bows of osage orange, !em-

The first pheasant season was these foxes would have been killed is not an uncommon practice. Also, onwood, yew and hickory. The new opened in October, 1925; three half- anyway, and payment of the boun- it is evident that bounties may be bows are quite durable and ex­days with a bag limit (and evi- ty has constituted a kind of deficit repeatedly paid on the same animal tremely "fast". When bent they dently a possession limit) of 3 spending because it has meant pay- where evidence of the dead fox is recover with great speed and snap, cock birds. About 75,000 hunters menton something for which value not collected or marked in some and comparing a lemonwood bow were estimated to be in the field. had already been received. Experi- effective manner. It is not unusual with one of glass and maple is like Thirteen counties were open in ence in Pennsylvania indicated that for some hunters or trappers who comparing a willow ftyrod with one northern Iowa and a Hawkeye probably 50 per cent or more of the find the bounty profitable to release of the finest split bamboo. tradition had begun. mammalian predators (red fox, pregnant females in order to make Only broadhead hunting arrows

(Continued on pa~re 176) I gray fox and weasel ) would ... 1 (Continued on page 174) 1 (Continued on page 178)

•

Page 170

Iowa Conservationist Pubhshed M nthly b) h~o

lOW A CONSERVATION COMMISSION ' East 7th and Court-Des Moines, Iowa

(No Rights Reserved) LEO A. HOEGH, Governor of Iowa

BRUCE STILES, D~rector JOHN MADSON Editor

E __ YN BOUO-'ER \ a Eh r

MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION ';E. 'RCE M FOS~E..., a "n 0 ·~a

•E STANTON. V c ...:1 • ••• •• a . . ·- _ !~---·-s MRS. JOHN CRABB.. ... ........ .. . ,Jammca GEORGE V. JECK.... .. .. .. .. Sptrlt Lake FLOYD S. PEARSON . .. . ....... Decorah J, D. REYNOLDS ........................... Creston r G TROST Fort D• >dge

CrRClJLATION THIS ISSUE 52.500 Subs.·ription rate 40 PE'T y<>ar

Three years S 1.00 Entered as ;eo " ' r r at the

post office m De- ~-~--.. • , .owa, ;:,eotember I 22 1947 under the Act of March 24, 1912.

Subscnptions recmvod at Conser•;a!ion Commtss:on, Eao;\ S<!vanth and Cour Avenue, Des Momes 9, Iowa Send cash che,.k or money order

1955 lOW A HUNTING AND TRAPPING

SEASONS Tbe 1955-56 Iowa huntmg and

trapping regulat1ons have been an­nounced by the State Conservation Commission.

Squirrel season extends from September 17, 1955 to November 15, 1955, both dates inclusive. The entir e state will be open t o both gray and fox squirrel hunting, with a daily bag limit of 6 and a pos­sessiOn limit of 12

Rabbit season extends from September 17, 1955 to January 31, 1956, both dates inclusive Shoot­ing hours are from 6 a .m . to 6 p.m. dally, and the entire state is open to jackrabbit and cottontail hunt­ing. The bag limit is 10 per day and there is no possession limit.

Pheasant hunting in the long sea­son zone will extend from Novem­ber, 12, 1955 to December 5, 1955, both dates inclusive Daily shoot­ing hours will be from 12 o'clock noon to 4:30 p.m on each open day. The bag limit and possession limit will be 3 cock b1rds.

IOWA CONSERVATIONIST

tqr::.s OUA!L ~ 1\lr: SEASO J

lYON ()$(£0U. OKXJNSCH £H"ET 'lll)~!BACO WORTH " ITCHW.t-00101

{.__ - KOSSUTH 1- - -1--..J...--....-Idmlllj•MLLI'UIM.uima:\) SIOUX O&fii[H CU.Y OO.OWI H~COC.K -DO FlOYD leiWld.lrl--+--4

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possessiOn lim1l of 3 cock birds ton, Black Hawk, Montgomery, Counties in lhe short pheasant .sea- Story, Marshall, Page, Bremer, son zone mclude: Harrison, Polla- Chickasaw, Howard, Potlawatta­wattamie, Madison, Clarke, Lucas, m1e, Mills, Fremont, Monona, Har­Ringgold, Decatur, Wayne, L ouisa, rison and Cass.

1955 " 'a terfo\\ I ' C'a'>On Washington, Keokuk, Mahaska, Dallas, Mtlls, Montgomery, Fre-mont, Page, Monroe, Appanoose, Iowa's 1955 waterfowl season Polk, Warren and ~farion. has been set by the Stale Conserva-

Quail hunting in the long quail 1 tJon Commisswn, and will extend season zone will extend from No- from October 8 to December 16, vember 5 to December 15, both both dates inclusive. dates inclusive, with daily shooting Shooting on opening day for the hours from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. new waterfowl season will com­each open day. Bag and possession mence at one-half hour before sun­limit of quail is 6 birds. Counties rise, rather than at noon as it has in the long quail season zone are: for several years. Da1ly shooting Tama, Benton, Linn, Jones, Jack- hours will be from one-half hour son, Jasper, Poweshiek, Iowa, John- before sunrise to one-half hour be­son, Cedar, Clinton, Scott, Madison, 1 fore sunset. Warren, Marion, Mahaska, Keokuk, The bag hmit for ducks tS 4, with Washington, Muscatine, L ou1sa, a possession limit of 8 One wood Adair, Union, Clarke, Lucas, Mon- duck is allowed in a bag or pos­roe, Wapello, Jefferson, Henry, Des sessiOn limit, and one hooded mer­Moines, Taylor, Ringgold, Decatur, ganser is allowed in a bag or pos­Wayne, Appanoose, Davis, Van session limit. The daily shooting Buren, Lee, Buchanan, Delaware, L1me was set for the Mississippi Dubuque, Guthrie, Dallas, Polk and Flyway to end at one-half hour be­Adams. fore sunset, rather than at sunset,

In the short season quail zone, m an effort to protect wood ducks, shooting will ext end from Novem which are particularly vulnerable ber 5 to November 19, both dates at sunset.

Counties in the long season zone include: Lyon, Osceola, Dickinson, Emmet, Kossuth, Winn e bago, Worth, Mitchell, Howard, Winne­shick, Allamakee, Clayton, Fayette, Chickasaw, Floyd, Cerro Gordo, Hancock, Palo Alto, Clay, O'Brien, Sioux, Plymouth, Cherokee, Buena Vista, Pocahontas, Humboldt, Wnght, Franklin, Butler, Bremer, Woodbury, Ida, Sac, Calhoun, Web- I sler, Hamilton, Hardin, Grundy, Black Hawk, Buchanan, Delaware, Dubuque, Jackson, Clinton, Scott, Jones, Linn, Benton, Tama, Mar­shall, Story, Boone, Greene, Car­roll, Crawford, Monona, Shelby, Audubon, Guthrie, Jasper, Powe­shtek, Iowa, Johnson, Cedar, l\1us­catine, Cass, Adair, Adams, Union, and Taylor.

inclusive, w1lh daily shooting hours The bag limit for geese 1s 5, with from 8:30 a.m. to 4 :30 p.m. Bag a possession limit of 5 No more and possession limit is 6 birds, a nd than 2 Canada geese or their sub­short season counties include: Win- species, or 2 while-fronted geese, neshiek, Allamakee, Fayette, Clay- may be included in any single bag • * • * • • • * • • *

1955 PHEASANT NT NG SEASON

tTOH WO!Il J11NWJ1

-~ $100X O&lllD<... cux ftO't

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Pheasant season in the short sea­son zone will extend from Novem­ber 12 to November 2·1, both dates inclusive. Shooting hours in this zone are also from 12 o'clock noon lo 4 .30 p.m. daily, with a bag and

Ntll a . . . ..,AM!~ _ CL ARK[ lUCAS MONROE WAI'WJI Jutlll.lOH H!NAY ou .. ~

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4 I.HN fUM NOV I< 1955 THRO.IC.H OlC. 5,1955 b I I OPE"' FRCM NOV z. 1955 n-~ROUGH NOV 2'1 ,19:x>

or possession hm1t. No more than 1 Canada goose and 1 white-front may be held m any bag or posses­sion limit. The bag and possession

I limit of geese may be compnsed entirely of snow geese, blue geese, or any combinatiOn thereof.

The bag and possession limits of coot is 10.

The season for jacksnipe or Wil­son's snipe will be 15 days, extend­ing from October 8 to October 22, both dates inclusive, w1th a bag of 8 and a possession limit of 8. Daily shootmg hours for snipe are the same as for other waterfowl.

The open season for raccoon will begin at 12 o'clock noon, October 22, and extend to midnight, Febru­ary 10, 1956 Thts 1s the season for raccoon hunting only There is no I bag or possession linnt on raccoons

Hungarian partridge may be hunted this year in Lyon, Sioux, Osceola, O'Brien, Dickinson, Clay, Emmet, Palo Alto, Kossuth, Winne­bago and Hancock counties from NO\ember 12 to November 20, both dates inclusive Shooting hours are from 12 o'clock noon to 4:30 p.m daily with a bag and possession limit of 2 birds. All other counties are closed to 'Hun • shooting

195;3-56 Trapping Seasons The trappmg season for mink

and muskrat for the entire state will be from 12 o'clock noon, No­vember 20, until midnight, Decem­ber 4, 1955.

Beaver may be trapped from 12 o'clock noon, November 10, 1955 until midnight, March 1, 1956

Badger, raccoon, skunk, opossum and civet cat may be trapped from 12 o'clock noon, November 10, until midmght, January 10, 1956. Rac­coon may be taken by hunting from noon, October 22, until midnight, February 10, 1956.

There is a continuous open sea­son on red fox, gray fox, ground hog, weasel, and coyote.

There is a continuous closed sea­son on otter over the entire state.

PREVENT FOREST AND GRASS FIRES

6

PREVENT FOREST AND GRASS FIRES

-

•

hl and keel :ea, po tra1 ~

are sant are by ( SUn Otht <hre ,, trap clo~ lllCh a 45 lew ba1t I tap Oll}l SlaJi and 1\'Jll

Tbe an in the Of tl to ~ 1he bq With Panj be and 1 E:r

lin.e,1 lir

attra bio0~ ll)llSl ~lin~ CO!I)l

ll)ay

-than front ~sses­

ssion rised :eese,

its of

Wil­tend­~r 22, :tg of Daily ~ the

l will tober ebru­n for is no ;oons ybe lioux, Clay, 'inne· from both

-s are p.m.

!SSiOn mties

:nink state No·

' ecem·

liD 12 1955

).

1ssum tram until }laC·

·trom night,

l sea· round

d sea· ;tate. !,_----

IOWA CONSERVATIONIST

-Jim Sherman Photo

Mink ofte n use little streams as travel la nes, a nd ma ny trappers take them near drain t ile outlet s and springs. But cagey a s he is, the mink ma y be a sucke r for a dry land set .

* • "' * ... * * * :t * :t

HINTS ON MINK TRAPPING

Tom Ber ld ey A rea Gnm e ~l:111ager

Mink are fairly difficult to trap, and great care must be taken in keeping traps clean, well concealed, leaving as little human sign as possible in the vicinity of the traps.

When tracks indicate that mink are t raveling on land or across a sand bar, regular dirt hole bait sets are very effective. These are made by digging a small hole for a bait, simulating a morsel hidden by an­other animal, and placing the trap directly in front of this bait bole.

The baits used in trapping should be replaced every days.

mink three

Mink are often found near springs or farm tile outlets. They often use small streams as travel lanes. Traps should be placed in these small streams in such a way that mink will be forced to travel across the trap pan. It may be pos­sible to find a spot where the stream narrows down or sticks may be placed in the stream to create a rather narrow passage through which the animal must travel. The trap is staked down in one or two inches of water in the center of the mink's travel lane. Traps used for this set should be dyed and hidden by moss or other natural cover.

One of the most effective sets for

THE MUDHEN­CHILD OF ADVERSITY

There's not much you can say about the coot. Everyone knows what he looks like, but no one knows much about him. He's just that kind of bird. You'd meet him on a marsh and never give him a second look.

Hunters who care enough to find out probably know that the mudhen or coot isn't a duck, but a member of the rail family and closely re­lated to the kind, sora and clapper rails. You might say that he's a shore bird that's taken up swim­ming.

The coot is bigger than some ducks, but smaller than most. He has a blackish plumage, a white, hen-like bill, and green feet that are all out of proportion. Big feet, they are, with long toes that are lobed and not webbed like a duck's. As the bird swims through the water his head and neck pump in unison with the strokes of his long, green legs.

H e doesn't explode from the water like a teal or mallard, but sort of trots along the surface until he gets flying speed, leaving a long trail of splashes to mark his strides. When he's tearing along at about 10 miles per hour- and if a hunter hasn't gunned him-he rises into the air in low, clumsy flight.

Coots are everywhere during the duck season. Novice hunters may shoot them for "black mal­lards" and veteran hunters either ignore them completely or cut them down for practice. They never seem to really get gunwise, but poke around the marsh in a futile sort of way, galloping from one duck blind to another.

They feed on some insects and small mollusks, but their main foods are succulent plant stems.

There's a strange thing about mink is a bait set made along a mudhens. We've never known any-

Page 171

I one who has seen them actually ffilgrate. Even Jack Musgrove of the State Historical Building, one of Iowa's best waterfowl men, has never met a firsthand witness to a mudhen migration. There may be rafts of coot on a lake at evening, but they're gone by morning. They move out at night at low altitudes, flying at good speeds with those green legs trailing out behind them and occasionally clipping a highline or telephone wire.

A few waterfowlers eat mudhens and like them. When they've been feeding on wild celery or similar aquatic plants, they can be very good. They're certainly as good as some ducks. Many hunters will eat bluebills and ignore coots, but cer­tain bluebills will drive a cook out of a kitchen. If you're interested in eating coot, skin it. Its full of pinfeathers. And, if you like giz­zards, the coot is your dish- he's almost all gizzard and it's good.

It's hard to say why a distaste for certain creatures arises in some areas. Maybe it's the law of supply and demand. I n Europe the carp is a highly prized food fish, and in many eastern states the woodchuck is a game animal. In some parts of the country the coot is called a "whitebill" or "rice hen", and is an important part of the bag. But here in Iowa the name "mudhen" doesn't do much to stimulate the appetite.

Many old hunters use coot de­coys, and welcome the strange black birds on a marsh. Wary ducks sometimes use mudhens as trouble-shooters and if mudhens congregated near the shore haven't been shot up, the unscrupulous ducks will swim in.

The presence of coots on a marsh certainly doesn't hurt anything, yet some hunters use them for target practice and leave them dead or crippled. It's a pathetic thing to see a small cluster of mudhens

(Continued on page 176) When the exact place to set the

trap is located, spread a ground cloth and with a trowel dig a hole 2 inches wide and 5 inches deep at a 45 degree angle. Now dig a shal­low hole directly in front of the bait hole large enough to take the trap and stake or trap and drag. Only one trap is used. Secure the stake in the center of the trap hole, and set the trap so that the pan will be 6 inches from the bait hole. The jaws are placed so that the animal will step over the hinge of the jaws and not over the outside of the jaw which would be likely to throw his foot from the trap. The ground under the trap should be firm and le\el and about flush with the surrounding ground. A pan cover of waxed paper should be used under the trap and jaws and over the pan in freezing weath­er. Cover the trap with 12 inch of fine, dry dirt.

bank where there is a shelf covered * * * * * * * * • * *

Unlike foxes, mink are not often attracted by rotten baits. Fresh bloody meat baits such as fresh muskrat, rabbit or fish are used. Mink scents are available from commercial scent companies and may be used with this bait bole set.

by two or three inches of water. A bait hole with the entrance half above and half below the waterline is dug slanting uphill into the bank for about 6 inches. A fresh bait of either meat or fish is placed back in the hole. A trap is concealed under water in front of the entrance to the hole.

Other sets are the blind trail sets made in travel lanes. Small cubbys made from rocks with the bait placed in the center and a trap set at each end. Sets may be worked out for brush piles and log piles. Number 2 traps are recommended as they usually kill a mmk and re­duce losses from "wringoffs".

"White ammal" is the meaning of the opossum's name. It comes from either "wabassin", an Ojib­way word, or "apasum", an Algon­quin word. Some authorities claim the name comes from the fact that the opossum bas opposable first

,......,..~

hind toes, meaning that. these toes Jim Shennan Photo

work very mUCh 1 ike hUman I What a eoot Jacks in gra ce , he makes up In f eet . And whe n you consid er his ftyin!J abll· thumbs. lt y, maybe he'd be bet ter off t o walk all t he time.

Page 172 IOWA CONSERVATIONIST

-

TIMBER PHEASANTS MAKE COMEBACK

Elden Slemp e 1, Conservat1on Commisston biOlogist, 1 eporls that ntffed grow;e in not'lhcctslet n Iowa are making a conwhacl<. I•' rom his own research, and from reports ft om farmers and State Conserva­tion officers St~mpel concludes that the "timber pheasants'' have been increasmg for several years.

According to Stempel, Allama­kee County has the h1ghest num­ber of ruffed grouse followed by Winneshiek, Fayette, Clayton, Du­buque and Howard counties Good fall populations of the birds are about one bit·d pel 80 acres.

Ruffed grouse were last re­ported in Keosauqua Park in about 1921. in the vicm1ty of Fort Dodge m 1920, and in sou' h\\ estern Iowa in the early 1900's An open season on the grouse was ht ld as late as 1911, when the bmls began to slowly decrease Iowa populations of ruffed grouse declined steadily until about the past five years, when the birds began to be fairly

CARP PICKLES

Here"s a rec•pe for pickled fish that was sent in recently by Clair Rausch, conser·vatwn officer for Linn County. A method of pre­paring carp, quillback or any rough fish, it was donated lo Rausch by Detective Captain John Kub1 of Cedar Rapids

F·rsl, skm fish and cut into serv­mg pieces. Sprinkle salt directly on layers of fish and let set for one hour.

To pt epare picklmg brme 1 quart of vinegar (red wine

or white vinegar! a; cup of sugar 16 teaspoon whole pepperco rns 1 teaspoon of pickling spices 2 medmm sliced onions

Bring the ptckhng brine to a boil. add fish and simmer for 10 or 15 mmutes Then place fish in jars and place in refrigerator for 24 hours The fish are then ready • to serve

Th1s recipe will prepare quarts of ptckled fish.

two

common in the northeastern part Rarely dot's the work of the of the state. earthworm cause damage; the

JL..., s 1 loosening of s01l in the walls of Walnu t , our mos t v alua ble wood , has dwindled ra pidly in r ecent years In a n e ffort t o mainta in it , the Conserva t ion Commission ga thers nuts each fall and pla nts a bout Prairie dogs and woodchucks Irrigation ditches, however, has

l ,ooo.ooo on s tate l.1nds belong to the squirrel family- gi'- en some trouble rn some parts

W ALNUTS I H H of the west H H.

ing 01 checking In pwneer days. __ _ log cabms and even rail fences were bUilt of black walnut Its I beauty of grain and ability lo take a h1gh pohsh have made it always

R oberh ··Hann

This has been a fruitful yea1 1 a fav01 ite fot carving interior fin­for the red oaks and our native ishing, furniture pianos, caskets, walnuts. Following the first hard and especially gunstocks The de­frost, the walnut t1 ees dt·opped mand fot· the latter in t\\ o WOJ'ld their leaves and many were dtscov- wars has t esulted in a serious ered to be loaded \\o"ith nuts dan- scarcity of trees of commercial gling from their twigs, smgly and s1ze in clusters of two ot· three. Many A close relalive of the black wal­more had dropped and lay upon the nut is ou r White Walnut, also ground beneath This wmler the called the Butternut because of lhe squinels will be well fed richer buttery flavor of the kernel

Each walnut ts enclosed m a Il ts a smalle1, less common t1 ee, round thick pulpy JUicy hull, light w1th smoother, lighter colored gt·een and smooth on the outside, bark. and tts wood, though beauti­yellowish-green \\ 1thm Th1s hull fully grained, is less durable than is difficult to remove when gre~n that of the black walnut. The nut." and leaves an mdehble brown stain are about twtce as long as they are upon a person's skin, so that 1t IS wtde, m a thin pulpy hull that is customary to gather the nuts and covered wtlh a sticky fuzz when spread them upon an exposed flat green. 'f hese hulls yteld a yellow­surface, such as a shed roof, until tsh-brown dye commonly used i:l the hull has become black and p10neer days lo dye clothing, uni­mushy The nut within, almost fm ms, blankets. carpets and tugs. spherical but slightly flattened, The beauties of autumn mean from 1 to 11:! inches in diameter, nullmg to boys and squirrels, has a vety wugh, thick hard shell. The kernel is vet y sweet and edible, with a rich oily flavm which makes tt desirable for cand1es, 1ce cream and cakes.

Of the several species of native walnuts in North Amenca, the most important i:,; the Eastern Black Walnut, largest of them all and one of the noblest of all hard­woods. It grows throughout most of the United Slates east of the Rockies. It may hve for centuries and, in the t·ich bollomlands of stream valleys, may grow to be 150 feet tall with a diameter from 4 to 6 feet. Its wood is rich dark brown in color, notable fm· its lasting qualities and freedom from warp-

ANOTHER USE FOR SCOTCH TAPE

That sluff of a thousand uses Scotch Tape has entered lhe zo­ology field, according to word from the Michigan ConservatiOn Depart­ment

A mowing machine pat ttally des­troyed a wild turkey nest in that stale t·cccntly, and four eggs Wl'l't~ badly crushed A game manager taped the crushed eggs back to­gether· antl began incubation

Two of the eggs hatched into healthy, wild poults which will be released to the wild in the neat ~uturc.

· HUNTER'~ BULLETIN .

Remember, You Are The Landowner's Guest

Hunt only where you have . .

perm1ss1on

Don't trample growing crops.

Close gates . Don 't damage fences .

Don't endanger his family, home or stock.

-

ft lc

• 8 I!

aJ n: A ll

sl

Sl

r lj

n a u b ll fi fi

fJ [(

iled fisc by Clair cer for of pre­or any ated to tin John

tto serv­directly set for

le

:d wine

•rcorns spices

Je to a • for 10 e fish m ator for •n read\' . .

tre two

of the ~e; the ·ails of er, has 1e parts

est

IOWA CONSERVATION I ST

I short intervals for a few minutes to inspect the area. Don't make these stops at regular intervals, for this is unnatural and may draw at­tention to you. Cover no mote than a mi!e m an hour and even this may be hunting too fast. Walkmg along

.... F

' •• 1 h k' • Jim Sh~rm.on T'hntu rancts me ton as tiled two deer wtth bow and a rrow In Wisconsin and Is planning an

Iowa hunt. His son Terry, 9, is also a good shot. At 25 yards he can conststently put arrows in the " lights" of a d eer t arget .

* * * * * Bowhunt• It's best to sit beside a bush or mg • • •

•Continued from page 169) stump; slightly screened m some may be used for Iowa deer huntmg. way with your body outline broken. and these may be purchased at Austin likes to sit just over the most maJor sporting goods stores. crest of a low hill where he can A universal favorite is the arro·;v still see up over the top. In lh1s made of Port Ol"ford cedar. and way he can see any approaching should be bought according to the deer and show no more than his bat arm length of the man shooting it. and eyes. At the same lime, be can For the average man of 6 feet or cover the valley below without slightly under. a 28-inch arrow is being skylined. Some hunters also su fficient. If you're over 6 feet tall, believe that air currents during lhe you may need a 30-incb arrow. day will travel uphill as a result of

the edges of old, abandoned roads or firelanes is often good, or just below the crests of ridges. Legal hours for bowhunting will be from 6:30a.m. to 4 p.m. and the morning and evening hours are the best hunting periods.

Deer usually rest during midday, a nd this is the time for driving them. A small area is chosen and several bow-men are stationed al 50-yard intervals on one edge, par­tially hidden and motionless. Beat­ers ( 2 or 3 men) then advance through the timber talking loudly and be:!ting on trees. These men are in little danger from the arch­ers since the deer w1ll be moving far ahead. tut the bowmen sboulcl carefully identify then· targets be fore shooting. The deer will be hard to bit, for they'll probably be under a full head of steam.

Bud Austin killed such a deer 't

few years ago. The buck was at rt

dead run. Austin gave him a gen­erous lead and shot the deer broad­side at about 30 yards. The arrow took the animal in the heart, cut Lhrougb the shoulder bone on the other side, and passed completely through the deer. The buck dropped within 60 yards, carried on partly by its momentum. That's not bad. Deer may travel several hundred yards after being shot through the heart with a rifle.

"Sick Calf" Brings Deer Most misses are caused by over­

shooting deer, which are not as b1g as they look and not as far awav as they seem. Experienced bowmen follow the policy of shooting aL some specific part of the deer, rath­er than at the entire animal. They usually prefer lung shots t hal cause severe internal hemorrhage and kill almost instantly. Don't try to "scattergun" a deer, either with

Page 173

a gun or a n arrow. You'll probably have a cnpple on your hands if you hil it at all.

Every ammal bas a weakness. With waterfowl it's appetite and the desire to jom feeding brethren. W1th the deer, it's curiosity. Whitetails wlll often pause in full flight, just as they top a ridge or hill, lo look back at their pursuer. For the same reason, they may answer a deer call.

Melton had little faith in such calls, but tried one out in Wisconsin with good results. "I sounded like a sick calf," he recalls, "and I wasn't very confident. But within an hour I brought two deer right up lo me. The second buck came to within 15 yards and stood watching me. Just as I loosed the arrow he reared, and the shaft passed just under his belly. I didn't get an­other chance."

Hunt Near H ome? Where to bowhunt for deer is a

problem. It might be a good idea to slick around your home county, or hunt in a county you know ex­tremely well. Near home you can hunt many times during the season, while you may get in only a couple of hunts in distant "deer counties". T hose counties may also have a lot of deer, but if it's strange territory you're under a handicap.

Before hunting anywhere, get the lay of the land. Check with local farmers, sportsmen and your con­servation officers. Plan to walk through the country you plan to hunt beforehand. Investigate little used back roads, sandbars, river bottoms, and small cr opfields in heavily limbered areas and near major rivers. A few days spent m laying the groundwork for a hunt will be well mvested. A light, fresh snow will solve a lot of problems, and there'll probably be one by late in the bow season.

The bow and arrow season fo1 deer will be open in all Iowa coun­ties from October 29 through November 20. The 1955 deer hunt-

(Continued on page 176) Most expell bowhunlers prefer 2- heated, rismg air , and lhal hunters

edged broadheads of fine, bard in valleys can be easily scented by steel. They believe lhal these are game on the ridges.

• * * * * • ~ * * * *

superior to 3-edged or 4-edged ar- Other hunters like Lo get in rows and will penetrate more deep- woods near the edge of cornfi elds 01

ly. The culling edges of these ar- other croplands used by deer. Reg­rows must be extremely sharp with ular travel routes of lhe deer can a fine wire edge. They are seldom be determined by Lracks and fresh used as they come from the store, manure. They are creal u res of but are touched up with a fiat, fine habit and will some limes lra vel the mill file lbal is also carried into the same general routes for long peri­field. Practice wilh the cheaper ods. Find these natural highways field anows, which come at about and you're in business. $8 a dozen Broadhead at rows run Ro' ing a nd Drh ing from $12 a dozen up Save them ' Roving or walk-hunlmg 1s usu-for huntmg ally best when alone, for two hunt-

LO\\ Hill., and Ri<; ing Air ers are twice as noisy as one and Accordmg to Austin and Melton. may be distracted by each other.

deer hunting with a bow 1s some- Austin and Melton recommend what similar to squinel hunting, crepe-soled shoes or boots and and cons1sts mainly of still-hunting clothing that fit the landscape. and "roving", Ot' walk-hunting. Deer are color-bhnd, and can't tell

For sltll-buntmg you must know red from gray. H owever, don't your deer r~nge intimately, and wear dark clothmg agamst snow, ~1mply s1t Qllletly near a deer cross- or light clothing against dark back­mg. a stream, or under a ridge fre- grounds. quented by lhe animals. Infinite While rovmg, carry the bow at patience is needed. Smoking IS out, ready with the atrow nocked Walk as is any unnecessary movement. slowly and cautiously, pausing at

S h t , , , Jim Sh~rman Pho to

ome un ers use bow-sights, but most shoot lnsttnctlvely" w ith remarkable accuracy. Note arrow rest and laminat ions In th is fine bow.

Page 174 IOWA CONSERVATIONIST

observatwn of a red fox huntmg mice m a meadow or of a litter of pups playmg at a den adds some­thing very spectal to a day in the field. The tracery of tracks mark­ing the doings of this fox in the winter snow is intriguing in itself and leaves a feeling of well-bemg with those who sense that some­thing is lackmg in a nature with­out foxes.

The secretive nature of the red fox tends to make realization of its esthetic values di.ffi.cul t. It seems certain, however, that esthel1c ap­preciation will come to anyone who is enough of an outdoorsman to make an effort to observe and be­come familiar with the animal

Fox Hunting

The economic value of fox hunt­ing involves a consideration of the various forms m which it is prac­ticed. In general, there are two schools of thought on fox hunting : ( 1) that in which the fox is pur­sued by hounds pr incipally for the thrill of the chase and ( 2) that in which the primary goal is the death of the fox.

Fox hunting for the chase 1s one of the oldest forms of sport hunt­ing in America. Early records indi­cate that it was commonly prac­ticed by the gentlemen farmers of colonial times. H istory reco r ds that George W ashington main­tained hunters and a pack of fox

Pcll;ln, Tlllnolo, D3ily Timu Phntn hounds. Washington's diary con­This Illinois hunter killed his seve n re ynards the hard w ay . Tra iling foxes with a gun is tains somewhat detailed accounts rough, d emanding and wholly sat isf ying sport tha t is becoming more popular each winter. • • • • • ~ • "' * of his fox hunts. R d F ing their purpose." Through the years, seve r al

e ox • • • Wbile control programs com- breeds of fox hounds have been (Contanued from page 169) b certain that seed stock remains on menced after populations have een pamstakingly developed for the the range permitted to reach extremely high chase. Walker, July, Truro bo,

Even 1f fraud is ehmmated, the levels seem less desirable than Trigg, and Birdsong have become fox bounty promises to be one of methods which anticipate and pre- familiar names to the American fox the most costly means of control- vent build-ups to excessive fox hunter

ling a fox population The taking :~~l:~~0;0s; u~::g~i~!tt h~gu~tp~bp~~ While estimates of the monetary of foxes requires considerable time worth of hunting are exasperating

lations appear to be those that in-and effort, thus, lhe bounty must n th · lack of p ec·s n ss s ch be allracllve enough financially to volve a carefully organized pro- ~stim~;es may aid i~ ~e:s~ri~g ~he provide sustained incentive f or gram of trapping and den hunting t f f h t· f th

by paid employees. Den huntmg, as lmpor ance 0 ox un mg or e hunters and trappers. It is obvious chase L F G'n e ed tor of the

Practiced by the unskilled, is often · · · 1 g ry, 1 that large sums of money must be Red R e ·0 1 for fox

undesirable because il usually ang r, a J u rna expended to effect a significant re- hunters, estimates that approxi-duction in a sizable fox popula- means destruction of underground mately 200,000 people and 800,000 Lion. habitat and sometimes, directly or * * * * * *

The bounty system is undesirable indireclly, of inoffensive wildlife also in that il encourages killing species. Il is highly desirable that dunng Limes of the year when the control programs utilize the assist­fur is unprime. Further, it is diffi.- ance of trained slate and federal cull even for the expert to trap in officials. such a way as lo avoid taking If the bounty system could be some animals other than foxes. properly administered, if its costs

Bounty Benefit~ Fox were not prohibitive, and if it were an effective method of populal10n

The bounty system bas rarely control, one of the rlucf results accomphshed the population con- would be maintenance of a healthy lrol expected from it In Michigan, fox population. Il would seem less it has been reported that more

wasteful of public funds and more bounties were being paid on foxes 10 l951, the fout lh year of the fox in keeping with the wise-use philos­

ophy of conservatiOn to stimulate bounty, than in the first year, 1948 the harvest of surplus foxes for I n Wisconsin, Richards & Hi n e

sport and fur rather than for boun­have reported, "At the present time, if we judge the value of the ty payments bounty system on its 'predator The E!>thetic Value control' feature, we must conclude A few outdoorsmen, some who that there is more evidence which hunt and some who do not, enjoy indicates that the present bounty an appr eciation of the esth etic

hounds a re engaged in this sport. The average value of a fox hound on the currently advertised market is about $40. Thus, estimates indi­cate that fox hounds valued at about $32,\100,000 are now being used in this sport

Killing the fox by the hunter is constdered unethical in parts of the country inhabited by those who be­lieve m running foxes for the chase simply as a test of stamina, speed and ability of the hounds to follow the trail. The hunt is terminated when the trail is lost, or the fox is "marked to earth" or killed by the hounds. It is widely recognized that the red fox runs before the hounds better than the gray fox, and, in areas where both foxes oc­cur, the kilhng of the grays may be practiced in the belief that when the reds are d1splaced by grays the quality of the chase deterior ates. Thus some areas have, in the red fox, a resource that may be utilized without removal of the annual sur­plus.

\\ onderful Sport Huntmg for which the death of

the fox is the primary objective is carried on largely in the northern slates. It may be practiced in a wide variety of forms. The fox is sometimes trailed by two or three hounds while the hunter, with a gun, conceals himself on a likely crossing. Also the red fox may be decoyed within shooting range with a call which simulates the squeal of a rabbit in distress. Seagers has descnbed a novel method of hunt­ing called "belling'' or "tolling". One hunter moves through good fox lerntory following a fox trail and ringing a dinner bell. He is accom­panied at a distance by another hunter who attempts to shoot any fox curious enough to come within range

Perhaps the greatest degree of stamma and woodsmanship is re­qUired by those who trail foxes on a good t racking snow with the ob­jective of maneuvering within shoot mg range of the animals. Sometimes fox drives are conducted

(Continued on page 176)

* * * * *

system is not controlling the fox values of the red fox. The simple w. E. ctark Photo

populations than there is evidence I act of observing a red fox in the This fa ll about soo,ooo fox hounds will voice their " dog music" In the nation's back coun· that fox bounlles are accomplish- field is a notable event. And the try. To many hound owners, killing the fox Is unethical.

-

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19

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ta

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lot

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bl that reac dilllJ seas hate

8( P'lrh to p stru clar1 lng ! nest 1936 Phe~ hig~ a\\·al F'art Phe~ feeJu Sligij \lrint1 0Pen

'l'q

sporl hound narket s indi­ed at being

1ter is of the o be­chase speed, follow ina ted fox is by the gnized re the y fox, :es oc-1ay be when

ys the >rates. 1e red tilized il sur·

ath of tive is i'thern t in a fox is three

vith a likely

1ay be ewith squeal :rs bas hunt·

tiling''. l()d fOX

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•

IO W A CO N SER V ATIONIST

• - • s w l.ock rholo The 1940 Arm•st•ec Day bhuard was thought to be a sever e blow to northern Iowa pheas-ants and worried hunters curtailed the ir hunt ing that year. But only 10 per eent of the

phea sants ha d been lost to the storm; a tribute to the Chink s hardiness.

* • * * * * * * * * Pheasant Seasons . . . as it was about to open, and the

new Conservation Commission was (Continued !rom page 169) Tlte Senson N

1926: 18 counties open for 3 half­days. Three cock bag limit.

1927: 17 coun ti es open for 5 half­days. Three cock bag limit.

In the 1927-28 Biennial Re­port, State Game Warden W . E. Albert stated that the pheasant was being success­!ully reared in Iowa, and that its establishment was a success.

No pheasant hunting was allowed in 1928, but there is no reason given ln the r e­cords.

1929: 24 counties open for 3 half­days; Oct. 30, Nov. 1-2. Three cock bag limit.

1 930: 33 counties open for 5 half­days. 3 birds, any sex.

1931 : 24 counties o p en tor 2 h alf­days. 3 birds, any sex.

1932 : 20 counties open for 3 h a lf­days. 2 cocks, 1 hen limit.

1933: 25 counties o pen, s ome for 6 days; others for 4 days. 3 cock bag limit.

1934: 27 counties open. 3 days from noon to 5 p.m. Season dates Nov. 24, 27-28. 3 cock bag limit.

1935: 38 counties open from N ov. 20-26, noon to 5 p.m. 2 cocks, l hen ba~ limit.

During this period it was believed that the pheasant population had reached a peak in 1929, and had diminished yearly up to the 1935 season. A dry 1934 season reduced hatching and rearing of pheasants.

flooded with protest. But s ince severe weather had cut down the pheasant crop, the Commission held that it was better to preserve seed stock than to chance wiping out the birds with an open season.

1938 : 42 counties open for 3 half­days. 3 cock bag limit.

1939: 40 counties open for 3 half­days. 3 cock bird limit.

1940: 46 counties open for 7 half­days, Nov. 12-lS 3 cock bag limit.

1941: 53 counties open from Nov. 12-18. Daily shooting from noon to 5 p m, with 3 cock bag limit.

In 1942, gun pressure was heavy in nor thern Iowa, but not sufficient to harvest the large surplus. About 684,000 pheasants were harvested * * *

from an estimated population of 2 million. With a mild winter, the birds continued to prosper. A 1943 spring season was opened and about 70,000 birds taken. Even so, it was estimated that 11{ million birds remained as seed stock.

19-!2 : 59 counties open 20 from Nov. 12-18; 39 from Nov 12-Dec. 2. Shooting from noon to 5 p.m. with a 3 cock bag limit.

ll)-Ja: (Spring season). 11 counties open fro m March 12-22. Daily shooting from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. with a 5 bird limit. Two

1!)43:

1 !)4-1 :

l t)-.1:;:

194() :

1l)-i7 :

194

19..,9 :

195():

1951 :

19:;2 :

1953:

19:>4:

of these could be hens. (Fall season) 65 counties open. 38 from Oct. 28-Dec. 2; 27 open from Oct. 28-Nov. 7. Daily shooting hours from 9 to 5. Long zone bag li mit was 6 birds that cou ld In­clude 1 hen. Short zone bag limit was 3 cocks with a possession limit of 18. 64 counties open 37 from Oct. 28-Dec. 8 with bag limit of 6 cocks. 27 open from Oct 28-Nov. 6 with 3 cock ha,e- limit. 18 possession limit. 66 counties open. 36 from Oct. 28-Nov. 30. 30 open from Oct. 28-~ov. 6 Daily shoot­ing from 9 to 5, with a 4 cock bag limit. ;;g counties open from Oct 28-:--:ov. 17. Daily shooting 10 to 4. 3 cock bag limit. 64 counties open. Nov. 11-20 Shooting from noon to 4 p.m Bag limit 2 cocks; possession limit 2 cocks. 70 counties open. Nov. 11-30. Noon to 4 p.m. Bag limit 2 cocks; possession 11 m it I cocks. 79 counties open. 69 from Nov. 11-Dec. 5; 10 f rom Nov. 11-17. 2 cock bag limit; 4 possession. 83 counties open. 70 from Nov. 11-Dec. 5; 13 ft·om Nov. 11-Nov. 20. Shooting from noon to 4 :30; 3 cock bi r ds bag and possession. 92 counties open. 65 from Nov. 11-Dec. 5; 27 from No'. 11-Nov. 22. Daily shooting from noon to 4:30; bag and possession limit 3 cock birds. l!3 counties open. 65 from Nov. 18-Dec. 12. 28 !rom Nov. 18-29. Shooting hours and limits unchanged. Sea­son opening postponed be-cause of fire hazard in fields. 92 counties open. 69 from Nov. 11-Dec. 5; 23 from Nov. 11-22. Limits and shooting hours unchanged 92 counties open. 70 from Nov. 11-Dec. 5. 22 from Nov

* * * * $

Some northern farmers in the ear ly 1930's were bitterly opposed to pheasants and alleged crop de­struction. Some communities de­clared open war on the birds, kill­ing hundreds and destroying every nest found. The severe winter of 1936 changed thi s so mewhat. Pheasants were hard hit and a highly publicized feeding program awakened interest and sympathy. Farmers were a lso realizing that pheasants might be beneficial, and feelings toward ringnecks warmed slightly. As a result of sever e winters and droughts there were no open seasons in 1936 and 1937.

The 1937 season was closed just During 1927·28, ove r 3 ,000 wild pheasants we re t rapped and sent to the o ld Clive Game Farm to "eool off " before s toeklng. These w ild birds, held by ga me fa rm employees,

wer e proba bly s tocked In southern Iowa ,

Page 175

11-Nov. 22. Limits and shoot­ing hours unchanged.

19Z5: 92 counties open. 70 from Nov. 12-Dec. 5; 22 from Nov. 12-Nov. 22. Limits and shoot­ing hours unchanged.

After 30 years of intense gun pressure, old J ohn Ringneck is un­scathed. He has taken shotguns, droughts a nd blizzards in h is stride. Given some good habitat, and some protectiOn a nd nesting cover for his drab little hens, he can provide sport for generations.

NATURE'S CHILDREN SET FOREST FIRES

Last year a moose and a mouse collaborated to start a forest fire in Ontario. This year a woodpeck­er a nd a snake got together to start one near Birmingham, Ala­bama. So reports a U . S. Forest Service representative.

A timber cutting crew spotted smoke and investigated. The men found a fire spreading from a pow­er line right-of-way. After the ground blaze was controlled they noticed sparks and burning embers dropping from a cross-arm on a utility pole.

Examination revealed t h a t a woodpecker had hollowed out a hole nea r the top of the pole, built a nest and started a brood of young. A snak e had climbed the pole and devoured one of the young woodpeckers. In doing so its tail contacted two wires. The resulting electric shock killed the snake and sparked a fire in the partly rotten cross-arm. Result : a forest fire.-P ennsylv ania Game Commission.

Mudhen . • • (Conti~ued from page 171)

around the last open water of late winter. Cnppled and unable to flap southward, they must simply wait for foxes, mink or winter to finish them off.

A coot isn't much of a water­fowl as ducks and geese go. He's unlovely, a clown, and nobody pays much attention to him. There's not much else you can say about him, but most hunters and outdoorsmen would miss him if he w ere gone.­J.M.

CAREFUL!

Page 176 IOWA CONSE R VATIONIST

Bowhunting . . . and m one case the archer killed his buck m compcttlton wtt h gun hunters With 21 full days of bow­hunting allowed thts yeat results should be mighty interesting

many hunters, but thts kmd of hunll ng is not a lways accepted by la ndowner s.

llced in a sportsmanlike manner, tests skill and stamina to a high degree and provides opportunities for outdoor acti'\·ity o"·er a long season. It also <l1rects the attention of sportsmen n way from the false hopes of lat·ger game poputr..t ion:; through fox destruction to the more wholesome attitude of a new op­portunity for <'Xpanding the hunt­ing recreatiOn th10ugh utilization of the fox resource.

tConttnued from pugt 1731 ing license required fot bowhunters not hunting on then own land IS

also valid for the gun season. Decembet 3-5. Deer of any age or sex may be taken. Red Fox • • •

Ther e are many mleresting and novel ways in which foxes may be hunted Howeve t , the sport of fox hunt ing Ob\ iously needs more par­ticipants if the an nual sur plus 1s to be removed F'ox management should mclude a program for the encouragement oi th1s sport. It 1s a kmd of hunting which, if prac-

Deer hunt report cards from 1954 show that 10 deer were ktlled by bow hunters last season. most of them with smgle anows T his '\\.'as during onl} 12 days of open season.

tContinU<>tl fmm lllll'!'<' 174) whtch mvolve the pat licipation of large numbe rs of hunte r s The group parttc1patwn made possible in such fox drives is enjoyed by

DUCK HUNTING HOURS 1955 10 \\'A C'ON E H\'ATI O C Ol\11\llS S J ON

STATE OF IOWA 30 MINUTES BEFORE SUNRISE AND 30 MINUTES BEFORE SUNSET SCHEDULE DAV EN PO R T B U RL ING T O N

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(1\"ot•: This tablE- hns ht·<'n c·ompilecl from othC'Ial RC'hC'Clul<'s lut•nlshed by the \\ E>ather But'Nt\1 StationR listed .• \schedulE' from th<' omaha, -;-.:,hr .. St;~ tlon Is used because there IH no station In ~<outhwestern Towa. The difference In time between stations should be tal<en Into consideration In ft g utlng the exact time at your particular location.)

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