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Transcript of E Adoption in India’s uildings€¦ · E Adoption in India’s uildings ... Indian Institute of...
ECBC Adoption in India’s Buildings
Radhika Khosla, PhD
Niti Aayog-ACEEE-UNDP GEF 1st Regional Workshop on ECBC Implementation in States
February 2017
Outline
• Context: What are the outcomes from ECBC implementation so far?
• Findings: What are the reasons behind these outcomes?
• Challenges
• Best Practice Examples
• Looking ahead: Ways forward for code adoption
Mapping the ECBC processTechnological
Change
Dimension
Technology
and Policy
Activities
Flows across governance levels Illustrative List of Key Actors
(Domestic-D, International-I)
Policy Context
Inter-
national
National Sub-
National
Policies Building
energy code
design and
development
D: Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE); Bureau of India
Standards (BIS)
I: United States Agency for International Development
(USAID); Swiss Development Corporation (SDC); United
Nations Development Program-Global Environmental
Facility (UNDP-GEF)
-India’s Energy Conservation
Act
-Energy efficiency inclusion
in the revised National
Building Code
-National Climate Mission
on Sustainable Habitat
Building
energy code
adoption and
implementati
on in states
D: BEE; BEE’s State Designated Agencies; State and sub-
state departments; CEPT University (CEPT); Malviya
National Institute of Technology (MNIT); Administrative
Staff College of India (ASCI); Shakti Foundation;
International Institute for Information Technology (IIIT)
I: UNDP-GEF; Natural Resources Defense Council
(NRDC); European Union; Pacific Northwest National
Lab (PNNL); USAID
-Domestic political pressure
to manage energy security
-National policy trends
supporting climate activities
-Pressure from BEE to states
to adopt building energy
policies
Building
rating
systems
D: BEE; Indian Green Building Council; The Energy and
Resources Institute
I: United States Green Building Council; International
Finance Corporation
-Market opportunity from
India's real estate growth
-Supportive national and
international policies
R&D Efficient
technology
R&D and
demonstratio
n
D: Department of Science and Technology (DST); CEPT;
IIIT; Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay; MNIT,
Shakti Foundation; Prayas (Energy) Group; Indian Society
of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers
I: USAID; SDC; US Dept. of Energy; Lawrence Berkeley
National Lab (LBNL); Oak Ridge National Lab;
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; UC Berkeley; Carnegie
Mellon University; Schneider Electric; Honeywell;
Fraunhofer
- National policy trends
supporting climate activities
-Increasing international
partnerships for clean energy
(e.g., the US-India Joint
Energy Research Center)
Finances Financial
transfer
I: UNDP-GEF; KfW Bank; World Bank; International
Finance Corporation; Asian Development Bank; USAID
-National and international
policy trends supporting
climate activities
Capacities Capacity
building
D: BEE; CEPT; IIIT; National Institute of Architects;
Council of Architecture; Shakti Foundation; MNIT, ASCI
-National and international
policy trends supporting
climate activities
Source: Khosla et al. (forthcoming 2017)
Outcomes and patterns over ten years
• Weak energy performance metrics in spite of multiple activities• Energy Performance Index (EPI) average ~200-400 kWh/sq m/year (efficient building ~100 kWh/sq
m/yr)
• 7 of 35 Indian states and UTs notified the ECBC almost a decade after its launch
• Most states in process of code notification, but yet to see widespread implementation
• Small segment of private developers adopt efficiency technologies
• Most activities flow top-down (international → national → subnational) • States seldom “laboratories of experimentation” or pioneers of policy initiation
• Systematic horizontal linkages between states are minimal
Why weak outcomes? Institutional architecture
• ECBC Policy push from BEE (MoP)
• Notification: coordination between national (MoP)-state (UDD) levels• UDD usually coordinates
w/MoUD
• Post-notification coordination between state (UDD)-local (ULB) to modify bye laws
• Success requires coordination, accountability and compliance monitoring between all three levels – MoP, UDD, ULB
Town Development Offices Town planning offices include provisions
into local bye laws
Ministry of Power: Bureau of Energy Efficiency Develops ECBC
Ministry of Urban Development Responsible for the building guidelines and approval
processes
Na
tio
na
l Le
ve
l S
tate
Le
ve
l Lo
cal
Lev
el
Energy Department Provides technical support for ECBC implementation
Public Works Department
Urban Development Department Develops state development control regulations
Electrical Inspectorate Department KREDL (SDA) Administers ECBC
Architecture Division
(KT ECBC Cell)
Engineering Division
City Corporation
Urban local Bodies (Municipality) Updates municipal building byelaws to be
complaint with ECBC
Illustrative ECBC governance map for Karnataka
Source: Khosla (forthcoming, work in progress)
• Capacity often emphasized, but current capabilities do not mirror requirements for ECBC transformation
• BEE master trainers often not offered opportunities to use acquired skills
• State and local bodies require training to implement, monitor and assess the ECBC
• State and local bodies lack staff numbers to match needs of India’s real estate growth• 80% of SDAs share MNRE and MOP objectives
• Often the number of officials within the SDA to handle ECBC issues is less than 5 persons/state
Why weak outcomes? Capacity Constraints
Best Practice: Karnataka
• 2nd state to approve ECBC cell (2015)• Post notification focus on UDD
• Cell created at the PWD • Contact point for BEE • 3 architects and 1 engineer • Senior third-party expert for training
• Leadership from ECBC cell• Principal chief architect drives functions • Work collaboratively across governance
levels
• ECBC compliant design templates for public buildings
• Inclusion of EE materials in SoR
• Updating building bye laws
• Institutional memory developing around code implementation
Town Development Offices Town planning offices include provisions
into local bye laws
Ministry of Power: Bureau of Energy Efficiency Develops ECBC
Ministry of Urban Development Responsible for the building guidelines and approval
processes
Na
tio
na
l Le
ve
l S
tate
Le
ve
l Lo
cal
Lev
el
Energy Department Provides technical support for ECBC implementation
Public Works Department
Urban Development Department Develops state development control regulations
Electrical Inspectorate Department KREDL (SDA) Administers ECBC
Architecture Division
(KT ECBC Cell)
Engineering Division
City Corporation
Urban local Bodies (Municipality) Updates municipal building byelaws to be
complaint with ECBC
Illustrative ECBC governance map for Karnataka
Source: Khosla (forthcoming, work in progress)
Best Practice: Andhra Pradesh/Telangana• One of 1st states to notify/mandate the ECBC
• Committed leadership to oversee ECBC adoption• Driven by state’s chief secretary
• Complemented by external knowledge partners
• Chief Sec. constituted “Technical Committee” • Inter-departmental membership, regular meetings
• Seniors from depts. of Energy, Municipal Admin. and Urban Dev., Town and Country Planning; state’s chief architect; technical experts
• Consultative approach
• Adapted and simplified ECBC for local conditions • Code purview from connected load to built-up area to make
comprehensible to ULBs who monitor construction
• 1st online compliance system• GHMC first ULB with online ECBC approval system
• Working with Telangana New & Renewable Energy Development Corporation Ltd. (SDA) and MAUD
Organisation of the ECBC Notification Process
Source: Khosla, 2016
SDA
Changing the status quo: Way forward
• Policy programs can assume that technologies/codes along bring change
• Re-think buildings efficiency from a technical problem to a socio-technical problem:
Technology and market access
Users and behaviourPolicies and governance• Role of state departments• Role of municipalities and
urban local bodies
Building energy efficiency
Looking Ahead• Role of leadership within a state
• E.g., Chief Secretary, Principal Secys, ECBC Cell, SDA, Urban Development, Energy Department..
• Capacity building• Identify state specific local needs – pre and post notification (SDA vs. UDD)
• Develop compliance framework and skills for state and local level officials
• Develop technical skills for building professionals (third party)
• Strengthen linkages• How can the Energy and Urban Development Departments work more closely together?
• Better links between state and local levels as effectiveness depends on outcomes on the ground
• Better linkages within states -- network of state energy officials or of ECBC cells?
• Integrate between energy and climate change programs• Absence of buildings in most state action plan on climate change
• Start with a state and scale up local success stories – they are out there!