E 3.1.1.3. Technology: B. Navigation and Mapping Activity ... Secret Mission 05.2012.pdfE 3.1.1.3....

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E 3.1.1.3. Technology: B. Navigation and MappingActivity: Top Secret Mission

National Science Education Standards (NSES)

Science and Technology in Society

• Technology influences society through its products and processes. Technology influences the quality of life and the ways people interact. Technology changes are often accompanied by social, political, and economic changes that can be beneficial or detrimental to individuals and to society. Social needs, attitudes, and values influence the direction of technological development.

• Science and technology have advanced through contributions of many different people in different cultures, at different times in history. Science and technology have contributed enormously to economic growth and productivity among societies and groups within societies.

• Scientists and engineers work in many different settings, including colleges and universities, businesses and industries, specific research institutes, and government agencies.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Expectations• Describe location and movement using

common language and geometric vocabulary.

• Make and use coordinate systems to specify locations and to describe paths.

• Find the distance between points along horizontal and vertical lines of a coordinate system.

• Solve problems involving scale factors, using ratio and proportion.

International Society of Technology in Education (ISTE)

Technology Operations and Concepts

• Understand and use technology systems.

• Select and use applications effectively and productively.

• Troubleshoot systems and applications.

• Transfer current knowledge to learning of new technologies.

Science as Inquiry: As a result of their activities in grades 5–8, all students should develop• Understanding about scientific inquiry.

• Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry: identify questions, design and investigation, collect and interpret data, use evidence, think critically, analyze and predict, communicate, and use mathematics.

Source: National Science Education Standards


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Materials: • ImagesfromNGACD• “CouldyoubeanImageryAnalyst?”game

(NGACD)or“ABird’sEyeViewImageryAnalysis”game(seeresources)

• LargemilitaryevasionmapprovidedbyNGA

• PowerPoint®slides(attachments)• Presentationcomputer• Projector• Globe(optional)• VideoclipsfromNGACD(optional)

Student materials: Per student

• Pencil• Metricruler• Calculator(optional)• “Washington,DCGeographicCoordinates”and

“Washington,DCandSurroundingArea”maps

Per group of 2 to 4 students:• Washington,DCTyvek®mapprovided

byNGA

Science Process Skills:• Gathering data• Analyzing data• Comparing• Recording

Math Process Skills:• Analyzing data• Problem solving• Measuring• Calculating distance

Objective:• Thelearnerwillusetechnologicaltoolstogather,evaluate,anduseinformation.

• Thelearnerwillrecognizethebenefitsofadvancementsintechnologytoolswhichprovideinformationrelatingtolocationanddistance.

• Thelearnerwillusecoordinatepointsoflatitudeandlongitudetospecifylocationsandnavigatefromonepointtoanother.

Time: 45 Minutes

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Key Vocabulary

Cartography—Theartofmakingmapsorcharts.

Compass Rose—Imagecommonlyfoundonmapsthatisusedtodisplaydirectionsuchasnorth,south,east,orwest.Acompassroseisalsoatermformarkingsonacompassandisusedinnearlyallnavigationsystems.

Contour Interval—Theverticaldistancebetweencontourlines.

Contour Lines—Imaginarylinesonamapinwhichallpointsalongitareatthesameelevation.

Elevation—ApointontheEarth’ssurfacethatisat,above,orbelowsealevel.

Equator—ImaginarylinethatdividesthenorthernandsouthernhemispheresoftheEarth.Thezeroreferenceformeasurementsoflatitude.

Evasion Chart (EVC)—ProducedbytheNationalGeospatial-IntelligenceAgency(NGA).Thechartsare1:250,000scaleandcoverdifferentgeographicareasoftheworld.Thisproductlinewasdeveloped

fortheAirForceIntelligenceServicein1990onbehalfoftheJointChiefsofStaff.Itisdesignedtoassistinsurvival,evasion,resistance,andescapebymilitarypersonnel.

TheEVCisaderivativeofastandardNGAproduct,theJointOperationsGraphic(JOG),whichcontainsfeaturessuchaslakesandtributariesthattheusercanrecognizewhileonfoot.AnEVCisproducedonastrong,moisture-resistantpolyestermaterial(spin-bondedolefin).Thematerialdoesnotstretchorcrack,andisnotsensitivetotemperaturechanges.Itisdisplayedonacamouflagepatternbackground.Onthechartisvarioussurvivaldataincludingnavigationandtravelinformation,celestialnavigationaids,climateoftheregion,alistofbothedibleandpoisonouslocalplantsandanimals(completewithdescriptionsand/orphotos),foodpreparationinstructions,sourcesforwater,firstaidprocedures,andenvironmentalhazards.

Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT)—Theexploitationandanalysisofimagery

andgeospatialinformationtodescribe,assess,andvisuallydepictphysicalfeaturesandgeographicallyreferencedactivitiesonEarth.GEOINTanswersthequestions“When?”and“Where?”Itusesimagerytomakesenseofvolumesofdataandinformation.GEOINTbuildsthebridgefrominformationtointelligence,fromdecisiontoaction.GEOINTismadeofimagery,imageryintelligence,andgeospatialinformation.

Insimpleterms,geospatialintelligenceistakingalltheinformationthereisaboutapointontheEarth(above,on,orunderthesurface)andputtingittogethertoanswerquestionsaboutthatplace.

Imagery Analysis—Carefullyexamining2-Dand3-Dgraphicsintheformofphotographs,satellitetransmissions,etc.,togainusefulinformationaboutphysicalfeaturesandculturaleventsthathelptosolveproblems,answerquestions,andmakedecisions.

Latitude—Thedistanceofapointnorthorsouthoftheequator.Theringsaround

Instructor Background Information:


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theEarth,paralleltotheequator,arecalledparallels.

Legend—Tellstheuserwhatdifferentsymbolsmean.Itisimportanttohavealegend;otherwise,theusermaynotknowwhattheyarelookingatsinceallmapsmayusedifferentsymbols.

Longitude—ThedistanceeastorwestofthePrimeMeridian.Linesoflongitude(meridians)extendnorth-south.

Map—Visualrepresentationofanareahighlightingrelationshipsbetweenelements,suchasobjects,regions,andthemes.

Map Scale—TheratioofthedistanceonamaptothecorrespondingdistanceonthesurfaceoftheEarth.

NGA—TheNationalGeospatial-IntelligenceAgency(NGA)isaDepartmentofDefensecombatsupportagencyandamemberofthenationalIntelligenceCommunity(IC).NGAdevelopsimageryandmap-basedintelligencesolutionsforU.S.nationaldefense,homelandsecurity,andsafetyofnavigation.

Navigation—Thescienceandmethodofdeterminingtheposition,course,anddistanceoftravel.

Prime Meridian—ImaginarylinethatdividestheeasternandwesternhemispheresoftheEarth.ItstretchesfromtheTrueNorthPoletotheSouthPole,runningthroughGreenwich,England.Thezeroreferenceformeasurementsinlongitude.

Ratio—Relationindegreeornumberbetweentwosimilarthings.

Satellite—Anobjectthatrevolvesaroundacelestialbodyinacircularorellipticalpath.ThemoonisEarth’soriginal,naturalsatellite,andtherearemanymanmade(artificial)satellites,usuallyclosertoEarth.ManmadesatellitesareoftenusedfortelecommunicationsandobtainingimagerytostudytheEarth.

Satellite Imagery—AvisualdisplayoftheEarthorotherplacesmadebymeansofartificialsatellites.

Scale Bar—Agraphicprintedonthemapwhichisusedtoconvertdistances

onthemaptoactualgrounddistances,usuallyfoundonthebottomofthemap.

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National Geospatial-Intelligence AgencyTheNationalGeospatial-IntelligenceAgency(NGA)hasaresponsibilitytoprovidetheproductsandservicesthatdecisionmakers,warfighters,andfirstrespondersneed,whentheyneeditmost.AsamemberoftheIntelligenceCommunity(IC)andtheDepartmentofDefense(DoD),NGAsupportsauniquemissionset.Theyacquire,developandmaintainthepropertechnology,people,andprocessesthatenableDoD’smissionsuccess.

GeospatialIntelligence(GEOINT)istheexploitationandanalysisofimageryandgeospatialinformationtodescribe,assess,andvisuallydepictphysicalfeaturesandgeographicallyreferencedactivitiesontheEarth.GEOINTconsistsofimagery,imageryintelligence,andgeospatialinformation.AlthoughmuchoftheimageryacquiredbyNGAisforusebygovernmentagenciesexclusively,someisavailableforpublicorcommercialuse.

AnalystsatNGAlookatimagery,noticeanychangestothearea,andwriteareportonwhattheybelieveisgoingon.Theanalysisofsatelliteimagerycanbeverychallenging.Thekeyistounderstandwhatyouareseeingontheground.Onceyouknowwhatyousee,thenyoucanseeifanythinghaschangedovertime.

ImageryAnalystsuseFiveS’stoanalyzeanimage.Theycarefullyexamine2-Dand3-Dgraphicsintheformofphotographs,satellitetransmissions,etc.,togainusefulinformationaboutphysicalandculturaleventsthathelpinsolvingproblems,answeringquestions,andmakingdecisions.

TheFiveS’sare:Size,Shape,Shadow,Shade(surface),andSurroundings.

NGA’sexpertsdomanydifferentanalysesintheirwork.Lookingatoverheadimageryrequiresspecialskills.Objectsappeardifferenttoyouwithdifferentviews.Mostofthetimepeopleseethingsbylookingdirectlyatit,oriftheobjectistall,lookingup.However,withoverheadimagery,yourviewisdownontheworldwithan“obliqueangle.”


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Sometypesofanalysisinclude:

• Navigation analysisinvolvesdecidingtraveldistancesanddirections.

• Route analysisinvolvescomparingdifferentpaths.

• Search and rescueprojectinvolvesfindingsomeonewhoismissingorlost.

• Site selectioninvolveschoosingalocation.

• Change detectioninvolvescomparingpicturesbeforeandafteranevent,suchasatornado.

• Point positioninginvolvesfindingthegeographiccoordinatesofalocation.

Combininglayersofimagery,imageryintelligence,andgeo-spatialinformationprovidetheframeworkforGEOINT.DifferentprojectsrequiredifferentlayersofGEOINT.Forexample,airplanepilotsneedairGEOINTtohelpthemflysafely,andshipnaviga-torsneedwaterGEOINTtosailtheirships.

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Understanding Latitude and LongitudeLatitudeandlongitudeareasystemoflinesarrangedinagridpattern,whichidentifylocationsanywhereontheEarth.

Latitudelinesruneastandwest.EachlinerepresentstheangleofarcfromthecoreoftheEarth.Theequatoristhelineoflatitudethatishalfwaybetweenthenorthandsouthpoles.Ithasthedesignationofzerodegreeslatitude.ThisimaginarylinedividestheEarthintotwohalves,thenorthernandsouthernhemispheres.AlllinesoflatitudeencircletheEarthandrunparalleltothisline;thus,wecallthemparallellines.The89equallyspacedlinesendatthepoles,whichmeasure90degreesnorthorsouthlatitude.Linesoflatitudenorthandsouthoftheequatorarenumberedto90sincetheangulardistancefromtheequatortoeachpoleisonefourthofacircle,oronefourthof360.

Longitudelinesrunnorthandsouth,witheachlinerepresentingtheanglebetweenplanesfromthecoreoftheEarthattheequatorfromthebaseline.ThelinethattravelsthroughGreenwich,Englandisthebaseorzeroline.WerefertothislineasthePrimeMeridian.Inthebasicgridthereare180equallyspacedlinestotheeastoftheGreenwichbaseline,180tothewest.Wecommonlyrefertotheselinesasmeridians.ThePrimeMeridianandthe180thmeridian,together,formacompletecirclethatdividestheEarthintotwohalves,thewesternandtheeasternHemispheres.

TheintersectionofparallellinesandmeridiansformtheglobalgridsystemandcandefinetheexactlocationofanypointonEarth.Todefinelocationsbetweenwholedegrees,wedividedegreesintosixtieths,orminutes(‘),andfurtherdividetheminutesintosixtieths,orseconds(“).WedescribeanylocationonEarthbyassigningdegrees,minutes,andsecondsoflatitude(northorsouthoftheequator)anddegrees,minutes,andsecondsoflongitude(eastorwestofthePrimeMeridian).


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Instructor Preparation: ü LaminateaclasssetoftheWashington,DC/Hawai’iNGAmaptoaccommodategroupsoftwotofourstudents.

ü LoadPowerPointslidesontoprojectionsystem.

ü Foreachstudent,makecopiesofthe“Washington,DCGeographicCoordinates”and“Washington,DCandSurroundingArea”maps(seelasttwopagesoflesson).Youmaywanttoinsertbothmaps,backtoback,intothesamedocumentprotectorsheetforeasyreference.

ü Ifusingacomputerlabfor“CouldyoubeanImageryAnalyst?”or“ABird’sEyeViewImageryAnalysis,”loadselectedprogramoncomputers.Ifinstructorlead,loadselectedprogramontopresentationcomputer.

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National Geospatial-Intelligence AgencyUse PowerPoint slides 1 – 5 (see resources) for discussion points 1 through 3 below.

1. Ask:WhatistheNationalGeospatial-IntelligenceAgency?Whatdotheydo?(Students likely will not know about the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.)

BrieflydiscusstheNGAandtheirmission.

2. ExplaintostudentsthatNGAisagovernmentagencythatcollectssatelliteimagesoflocationsaroundtheEarth.Governments,businesses,andindividualsusetheseimagestohelpanalyzeinformationandmakedecisions.Someoftheimagesareusedtocreateorupdatemaps,someareusedformonitoringnaturalactivitiessuchaserosionorstormdamage,andsomeoftheimagesareusedtomonitorshiftsandchangesinpopulationsandcommunities.

GeospatialIntelligence(orGEOINT)isthenamegiventothisprocessofcombininglayersofimagerythatprovidesinformation.DifferentprojectsrequiredifferentlayersofGEOINT.Forexample,airplanepilotsneedairGEOINTtohelpthemflysafely,andshipnavigatorsneedwaterGEOINTtosailtheirships.

3. TellstudentstheywillbeexploringandsolvingproblemsusinginformationfoundonamapprovidedbytheNationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency(NGA).

Imagery Analyst4. ExplainthatonecareerwithintheNGAiscalledImagery

Analyst.ImageryAnalystsuseobservationskillsandtechnologicaltoolstoanalyzeimagesandidentifylocations.AnImageryAnalystusessatelliteimagesfromaroundtheworldandanalyzeswhatisoccurringintheimages.Sometimestheycompareimagesofthesamelocationtoseeiftherehavebeenanyrecentchanges.Analystsreadimagesfornationaldefense,tomonitortheenvironment,surveytheearth,andtoconductsearchandrescuemissions.Forexample,ananalystworkingforFEMAandwatchingthemovementofrisingfloodwatersmustbeabletoidentifythelocationsofpotentialriskbyexamininglandforms,bodiesofwater,andthetopsofbuildings.AnotherexampleisananalystwhoprovidesinformationtonationalsecurityagenciestoprotectthePresident.(PowerPoint,slides6–7)

Lesson:

Note:As an option, show NGA video clip “Who-What-Why NGA” (See Resources, NGA CD).


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ImageryAnalystsuseFiveS’stoanalyzefeatureswithinimages.Brieflyexplainandgiveanexampleofeach.(PowerPointslides8–15)

• Size—footballfield

• Shape—thePentagon

• Shadow—WashingtonMonument

• Shade (surface)—golfcourse

• Surroundings—EiffelTower

5. HavestudentsexploretheNGA“CouldyoubeanImageryAnalyst?”game(seeresources,NGACD)or“ABird’sEyeViewImageryAnalysis”game(seeresources).“ABird’sEyeView”requiresstudentstousetheSTARBASEsatelliteimagerymap.Thisactivitycanbeconductedasateacherdirectedlessonoroncomputersinstudentpairsorindividually.

Evasion Map6. Displaythelargeevasionmap.ExplainthatNGAspecially

developedthismapfortroopswhoaregoingintoacombatzoneorwildernessarea.Iftheyfindthemselvesseparatedfromtheirsquadron,thismapwillhelpthemevadetheenemyandsurvive.Itisnotonlyamapoftheareawheretheyarelocated,butitalsoincludessurvivalinformationabouttheareasuchasthetypesofplantsthatcanbeeaten,thetypesofplantstoavoid,dangerouswildlife,terrain,locallandmarks,andfirstaidinformation.Themapisweatherproof;onecanactuallyuseitasaraincoatorshelter.ItismadeofspecialfiberswoventogethercalledTyvek(plasticwaterproofingmaterialusedinbuildingconstruction)anddoesnotteareasily.

AskstudentsifyouhadaNGAmapshowingasatelliteimageofyourneighborhood,whatinformationcouldyougatheraboutthearea?(natural surroundings, roads, buildings, populated areas)

4 Check for Understanding:

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Washington, DC Satellite Imagery Map7. DistributetheWashington,DCTyvekmapstostudentsand

directstudentstolookattheDCsideofthemap.ExplainthismapwascreatedfromanimagetakenbysatelliteandisalsomadeofthespecialmaterialcalledTyvek.NGAcreatedthismapespeciallyforSTARBASEstudents,usingthesametechnologyastheevasionmap.(PowerPointslide16)

Exploring DC Map Skills 8. UsingtheDCsideofthemapandpage1oftheactivitylog,

guidestudentsthroughthefollowingactivities.Studentsmayworkindividually,inpairs,orinsmallgroups.

Activity Log Page 1:

A. Showstudentsthemapisdividedintoverticalcolumns,usinglettersA-H,andhorizontalrowsnumbered1-6.Wecallthisagrid.Tolocateaplaceonthegrid,youmustidentifytheplacebyusingaletterfollowedbyanumber.HavestudentsdirecttheirattentiontogridB-5.

Ask:Whatdotheythinkthewhiteobjectsare.(Boats)Why?(Student answers will vary)

Havestudentsanswer#1aandbontheactivitylog.

B. HavestudentslocatethemapsymbolatgridlocationA-2.

Ask: Whatisthesymbol?(Compass Rose)

Ask: Whatinformationdoesitprovide?(Directions: North-Northeast-East-Southeast-South-Southwest-West-Northwest)

HavestudentspositionthemapsotheNorthcompassrosepointisatthetop.


Note:Explain grid lines are sometimes used when the map area displayed is too small to show latitude and longitude lines.

Note:If students have had previous lesson on coordinate geometry, discuss how lines of latitude and longitude relate to the x and y axes on a coordinate plane.


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C. Ask:WhatmapfeatureislocatedinthesoutheastcorneroftheDCmap?(The legend)

Ask: Whatinformationdoesthelegendonthismapprovide?(Metro lines, building symbols, and ratio scale. The ratio scale shows the comparison of objects shown on the map to their actual size.)


D. Askstudentstolocatethescalebartotheleftofthelegend.Thescalebarhelpsyoumeasureanddeterminethedistancesbetweenpoints.Askstudentstocalculatehowmanymeters1centimeterrepresentsonthemap.(95)

HavestudentsfindtheapproximatediameterofthePresident’sParkSouthEllipseingridsquareD-1.(Itmeasuresapproximately3cm;therefore,285meters.)

Havestudentsanswer#4a,b,andcontheactivitylog.

Measure

President’sParkSouthEllipse

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Whatdoyouthinkmakestheequatorthelongestlineoflatitude?(It runs around the middle, or widest point, of the earth.)

Strategic Question:

E. Usingaglobemodelorprojectedimageofaglobe,pointoutthelinesoflatitude.(PowerPoint,slide17)

Explain:ThelongestlineoflatitudeistheEquator.Itisthereferencepointforalloftheotherlatitudelines.Sinceitisthe“beginningpoint,”itslatitudeiszero(0°00’00”).Asyoumovenorthorsouth,linesthatareparalleltotheEquatorincreaseupto90°(whichisasinglepointattheNorthorSouthPoles).LinesoflatitudedescribethedistanceNorthorSouthoftheEquator.Werefertotheseasparallellines.

Pointoutthelinesoflongitude.Explain:ThelinesoflongitudeextendfrompoletopoleandcrosstheEquator.Werefertotheseasmeridians.ThereferencepointforlongitudeisthePrimeMeridian.LinesoflongitudedescribethedistanceeastorwestofthePrimeMeridian.

Note:You may want to load and launch Google Earth on the instructor’s presentation computer to supplement the latitude/longitude discussion.

LinesoflatitudeandlongitudeasdisplayedonGoogleEarth

Note:While discussing lines of latitude and longitude, you may want to consider the optional activity located at the end of this lesson that uses an inflatable globe.


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F. Explainthatsinceweareusingaflatmap,itwilllookalittledifferentthanitdoesonaglobe.UsingInstructionalPowerPointslide18,showthedistancebetweenlatitudeandlongitudelines(suchasbetween30°and60°Nand60°and90°W).

Pointoutthatthereareactuallyone-degreeincrementsbetweentheselines.Furthermore,wecandivideeachone-degreeincrementintosmallersegmentscalledminutes,andeachminutecanbebrokendownintoevensmallersegmentscalledseconds.

60 minutesper degree

60 secondsper minute

Degrees – Minutes – Seconds

W113° 01’, W113° 02’, ... W113° 59’ W81° 35’ 01”, W81° 35’ 02”, ... W81° 35’ 59”

150W 120W 90W 60W30W 30E 60E 90E 150E120E0

60N

30N

0

30S

60S

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Askstudentshowmanyminutesareineachdegreeandhowmanysecondsareineachminute.Explainthateachdegreeisdividedinto60minutesandeachminuteisdividedinto60seconds.Tofindanexactlocation,youmustknowitslocationindegrees,minutes,andseconds.(PowerPointslide19)

G. Havestudentslookatthelatitudeandlongitudelinesonthe“Washington,DCGeographicCoordinates”map.

Ask:WhatisthelatitudedegreeforWashington,DC?(38°)

Ask:WhatisthelongitudedegreeforWashington,DC?(77°)

Ask:IfyouaretravelingeastinWashington,DC,whathappenstothelongitudelinenumberincrements?(They decrease as you go east.)

Havestudentsanswer#5(a,b,c,d)ontheactivitylog.

Problem Solving Scenario9. Tellthestudentsnowthattheyknowhowtousecoordinate

pointsoflatitudeandlongitudetospecifylocationsandnavigatefromonepointtoanother,theyarereadyfortheir“TopSecretMission.”

Top Secret Mission

An important secret document has arrived at Andrews Air Force Base outside of Washington, DC. The document is Top Secret, and three key government officials whose offices are located in three different parts of the city must sign it. The document, with all three signatures, must be returned to Andrews Air Force Base where it will be transported back to the undisclosed sender.

You are the helicopter pilot chartered to fly the document to the necessary building locations for signatures. Your commander has only provided you with latitude and longitude coordinates for each building location, an NGA satellite view map of Washington, DC, and images of the three buildings. Your mission is to identify the locations of the three buildings, identify the names of the three buildings, and determine the direction in which you must fly to reach each building. Good Luck!

Whydoyouthinkalltheminuteandsecondlinesarenotmarkedonyour“Washington,DCGeographicCoordinates”map?(The area is so small it would be difficult to read with all the lines.)

Strategic Question:


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10. Directstudentstoreviewthe“Washington,DCandSurroundingArea”map,notingthelocationofAndrewsAFBandhowitrelatestothe“Washington,DCGeographicCoordinates”map.Oncestudentsgetthisoverview,havethemuseonlythe“Washington,DCGeographicCoordinates”maptocompletethe“TopSecretMission”activity.

11. Circulateandassistasstudentsworkinpairsorsmallgroupstosolvethemissionproblemsonpage2oftheactivitylog.

Conclusion12. Iftimepermits,usingtheNGAWashington,DCTyvekmap,

havestudentsdiscussthefollowing

• IfyouweretouringWashington,DConfoot,whatothertechnologicaltoolswouldmakenavigationeasier?(Possible answer: Hand-held compass; GPS unit.)

• HowmightimagessuchasthoseonyourNGAimagerymapbeusefultoUSSecretServiceAgentsinprotectingthePresident?(Possible answer: Locating traffic patterns, identify tall buildings for protection of travel routes, track suspicious movement of persons or vehicles.)

• WhatadvancementsintechnologyenableustocreatemapssuchasyourNGATyvekmap?(Possible answer: Satellite photography, satellites, rockets to launch the satellites, infrared imaging, development of special fibers such as Tyvek for use in evasion maps.)

• Whatarethebenefitsinusinglatitudeandlongitudecoordinatepoints?(Possible answer: To find a precise location, to navigate from one point to another, to determine approximate distance between objects.)

Activity LogTop Secret Mission

1. Grids (NGA map):

a. Thehorizontalrowsarelabeledwith

andtheverticalcolumnsarelabeledwith .

b. IfyouwerecrossinggridsquareD-2,whichwouldbemoreuseful?(circleanswer)

A boat Comfortable shoes

2. Compass Rose (NGA map):

a. Whichgridsquareisthefarthestnortheast?

b. WhatstructurewouldyoucrossinthenorthernsectionofgridsquareA-3?

3. Legend (NGA map):

a. WhichMetrolinerunsfarthestwestonthemap?

b. IfyouweretravelingontheYellowMetroLineleavingfromthePentagon,inwhichdirectionwouldyoutravelovertheriver?

4. Scale Bar (NGA map):

a. WhatistheapproximatedistanceinmetersofthedoublebridgecrossingtheriveringridsquaresC4andC5?

b. WhatistheapproximatedistanceofthePentagonfromanypointtotheoppositeouterwall?

c. WhatistheapproximatedistancefromtheLincolnMemorialingridsquareB-2totheUSCapitolBuildingingridsquareH-2?

5. Locate the latitude and longitude lines marked on the DC Geographic Coordinates map:

a. Whatisthefarthestlongitudelinemarkedtothewest?

b. Whatisthefarthestlatitudelinemarkedtothesouth?

c. Whatbuildingislocatedattheintersectionofthesetwolines?

d. TheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorialarebothlocatedonlatitude38°53’23”N.Findthelongitudeforeachusingtheirlocationonthegridmap.

•WashingtonMonument(D-2):

•LincolnMemorial(E-2):

EXPLORE WASHINGTON, DC


Top Secret Mission: Washington, DC

Note: Use the “Washington, DC Geographic Coordinates” map and the above images for your mission.

Part 1 of your mission:Leaving Andrews Air Force Base, fly to Latitude 38° 52’ 15” N, Longitude 77° 03’ 19” W

Inwhatgridlocationarethesecoordinatepointslocated?

Usingtheimagesabove,identifythebuildinginthislocation.

Part 2 of your mission:Proceed to Latitude 38° 53’ 23” N, Longitude 77° 00’ 32” W






Return to Andrews Air Force Base (AFB) with the signed documents. You have completed your mission!

Debrief–How you navigated your mission:

AfterleavingAndrewsAFByouflewtothe .(building)

Fromthatlocation,youflew tothe .(direction) (building)

Fromthatlocation,youflew tothe .(direction) (building)

YouthenreturnedtoAndrewsAirForceBase.

The White House The US Capitol Building The Pentagon

DirectionsN,S,E,W,NE,SE,NW,SW

BuildingsUSCapitol

WhiteHousePentagon


1. Grids (NGA map):

a. Thehorizontalrowsarelabeledwithnumbers

andtheverticalcolumnsarelabeledwithletters .

b. IfyouwerecrossinggridsquareD-2,whichwouldbemoreuseful?(circleanswer)

A boat Comfortable shoes

2. Compass Rose (NGA map):

a. Whichgridsquareisthefarthestnortheast?H-1

b. WhatstructurewouldyoucrossinthenorthernsectionofgridsquareA-3?A bridge

3. Legend (NGA map):

a. WhichMetrolinerunsfarthestwestonthemap?Blue line

b. IfyouweretravelingontheYellowMetroLineleavingfromthePentagon,inwhichdirectionwouldyoutravelovertheriver?Northeast

4. Scale Bar (NGA map):

a. WhatistheapproximatedistanceinmetersofthedoublebridgecrossingtheriveringridsquaresC4andC5?7cm; 665 meters

b. WhatistheapproximatedistanceofthePentagonfromanypointtotheoppositeouterwall?4cm; 380 meters

c. WhatistheapproximatedistancefromtheLincolnMemorialingridsquareB-2totheUSCapitolBuildingingridsquareH-2?36cm; 3,420 meters

5. Locate the latitude and longitude lines marked on the DC Geographic Coordinates map:

a. Whatisthefarthestlongitudelinemarkedtothewest?77° 03’ 19” W

b. Whatisthefarthestlatitudelinemarkedtothesouth?38° 52’ 15” N

c. Whatbuildingislocatedattheintersectionofthesetwolines?The Pentagon

d. TheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorialarebothlocatedonlatitude38°53’23”N.Findthelongitudeforeachusingtheirlocationonthegridmap.

•WashingtonMonument(D-2):77° 02’ 07” W

•LincolnMemorial(E-2):77° 03’ 00” W

EXPLORE WASHINGTON, DC


Top Secret Mission: Washington, DC

Note: Use the “Washington, DC Geographic Coordinates” map and the above images for your mission.

Part 1 of your mission:Leaving Andrews Air Force Base, fly to Latitude 38° 52’ 15” N, Longitude 77° 03’ 19” W

Inwhatgridlocationarethesecoordinatepointslocated?A-5 & A-6

Usingtheimagesabove,identifythebuildinginthislocation.The Pentagon


Inwhatgridlocationarethesecoordinatepointslocated?H-2

Usingtheimagesabove,identifythebuildinginthislocation.The US Capitol Building


Inwhatgridlocationarethesecoordinatepointslocated?D-1

Usingtheimagesabove,identifythebuildinginthislocation.The White House

Return to Andrews Air Force Base (AFB) with the signed documents. You have completed your mission!

Debrief–How you navigated your mission:

AfterleavingAndrewsAFByouflewtothe Pentagon .(building)

Fromthatlocation,youflew NE tothe US Capitol .(direction) (building)

Fromthatlocation,youflew NW tothe White House .(direction) (building)

YouthenreturnedtoAndrewsAirForceBase.

The White House The US Capitol Building The Pentagon

DirectionsN,S,E,W,NE,SE,NW,SW

BuildingsUSCapitol

WhiteHousePentagon

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Top Secret Mission Assessment

Suggested Final Assessment Questions

1. Usingthepicture,whichoftheFiveS’swouldindicatewhattimeofdaythisimagewastaken?

a. Shape

b. Surroundings

c. Shadow

d. Shade(surface)

e. Size

2. ForwhichofthefollowingmightanNGAmapbeuseful?

a. NationalDefense

b. Environmentalmonitoring

c. Trafficflowinmajorcities

d. Alloftheabove

3. Whichofthefollowingwouldbeagoodreasontouseagridmap?

a. Locatethepathofariver

b. Findtheapproximatelocationofabuildinginacity

c. Analyzeweatherpatternofaregion

d. CalculatethemileagefromNewYorkCity,NewYorktoLosAngeles,California

4. UsinganNGAmapshowingasatelliteimageofWashington,DC,whatinformationcouldyougatheraboutthearea?

5. Aparallellineindicates

a. DistancefromtheNorthorSouthPole

b. DistancefromtheUnitedStates

c. DistancefromthePrimeMeridian

d. DistancefromtheEquator

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Top Secret Mission Assessment

Suggested Final Assessment Questions

1. Usingthepicture,whichoftheFiveS’swouldindicatewhattimeofdaythisimagewastaken?

a. Shape

b. Surroundings

c. Shadow

d. Shade(surface)

e. Size

2. ForwhichofthefollowingmightanNGAmapbeuseful?

a. NationalDefense

b. Environmentalmonitoring

c. Trafficflowinmajorcities

d. All of the above

3. Whichofthefollowingwouldbeagoodreasontouseagridmap?

a. Locatethepathofariver

b. Find the approximate location of a building in a city

c. Analyzeweatherpatternofaregion

d. CalculatethemileagefromNewYorkCity,NewYorktoLosAngeles,California

4. UsinganNGAmapshowingasatelliteimageofWashington,DC,whatinformationcouldyougatheraboutthearea?

Possible answer: Building size and shape, traffic congestion, etc.

5. Aparallellineindicates

a. DistancefromtheNorthorSouthPole

b. DistancefromtheUnitedStates

c. DistancefromthePrimeMeridian

d. Distance from the Equator

Analysis

Analysis

Application

Comprehension

Knowledge

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Inflatable Globe Model

Time: 10 minutes

Optional Activity:

Student Materials:Per student pair

• Small,inflatableglobe

Instructor Preparation: ü Highlighttheequator,usingapermanent,redmarker.IndicatethedirectionofEarth’srotationwithseveralarrowsalongtheequator.

ü Usingablue,permanentmarker,highlightthePrimeMeridian(InternationalDateLine).

ü HighlightTropicsofCancerandCapricorninyellow.

Inflatableglobewithequator,PrimeMeridian,andTropicsofCancerandCapricornhighlighted

Studentsworkonlessonwithinflatableglobe


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Lesson: 1. Usingtheglobes,pointoutthatHawaii(theBigIslandsearchandrescuelocation)isapproximatelytwolinesabovetheequator,representing20degreesnorthlatitude,and15½linestothewestofthePrimeMeridian,representing155degreeswestlongitude.

2. Havethestudentsusetheglobetoestimatetheirownstate’slatitudeandlongitude.

3. TaskthestudentpairstofindthenameofcountriesorcitiesatspecifiedlatitudesandlongitudesindifferentquadrantsonEarth(NE,NW,SE,andSW).Forexample,

Ask:Whatcountryisat10°00’00”Nand70°00’00”W?(Venezuela)

Ask:Whatcountryisat30°00’00”Sand20°00’00”E?(South Africa)

Ask:Whereisthe0/0originonEarth’sgridcoordinatesystem?(In the Atlantic Ocean just South of Nigeria, Africa, where the equator and Prime Meridian intersect.)

4. Iftimepermits,taskstudentstodeterminetheclosestintersectionof10°latitudeandlongitudegridlinestospecificcitiesorcountries.Forexample,

Ask: WhatistheapproximatelatitudeandlongitudeofDarwin,acityontheNorthCoastofAustralia?(10°S, 130°E)

Ask: WhatistheapproximatelatitudeandlongitudeofWashingtonDC?(40°N, 80°W)

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References:

NGAKids:KidsPage.(2008,November7).National Geosoatial-Intelligence Agency.Retrievedfromhttp://

www1.nga.mil/kids/pages/default.aspx

Stapel,E.(n.d.).Ratios.InPurple Math.Retrievedfromhttp://www.purplemath.com/modules/ratio.htm

AerialViewofthePentagon.(2003,September23).Retrievedfromhttp://www.navy.mil/view_single.

asp?id=9765

Related Materials and Educational Resources:

NGACD

• providedbyNationalGeospatial-IntelligenceAgency(NGA)

PowerPointpresentation

• https://www1.nga.mil:443/kids/pages/default.aspx

PowerPoint:“ABird’sEyeViewImageryAnalysis”game

InflatableWorldGlobes,item#IN-49/1290

• http://www.orientaltrading.com

Washington, D

C Geographic Coordinates

Washington, D

C and Surrounding Area

Area represented on

“Washington, D

C Geographic

Coordinates” map

Andrew

s Air Force Base

38° 48’ 12” N / 76° 52’ 18” W

E 3.1.1.3. Technology: B. Navigation and Mapping Activity ... Secret Mission 05.2012.pdfE 3.1.1.3....

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