E 144-94
2
Designation: E 144 – 94 (Reapproved 2001) An American National Standard Standard Practice for Safe Use Of Oxygen Combustion Bombs 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This practice covers methods for judging the soundness of new and used oxygen combustion bombs, and describes the precautions to be observed in oxygen bomb combustion methods. 1.2 This practice is applicable to all procedures in which samples are completely oxidized by combustion in a metal bomb containing oxygen under pressure. Where there is conflict with specific precautions in individual ASTM methods, the latter shall take precedence. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalent of inch-pound units may be approximate. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Physical Requirements 2.1 Initial Test—The manufacturer of oxygen combustion bombs for use in ASTM test methods shall furnish a certificate with each new bomb showing that it has satisfactorily passed the hydrostatic and proof tests described in Sections 3 and 4. When requested, the manufacturer shall supply evidence that the bomb is designed and constructed in accordance with recognized practices for pressure vessel equipment. 2.2 Periodic Inspection—All seals and other parts that are recommended by the manufacturer shall be replaced or re- newed after each 5000 firing or at a more frequent interval if the seals or other parts show evidence of deterioration. The hydrostatic and proof tests described in Sections 3 and 4 shall be repeated if any of the following have occurred: 2.2.1 Five thousand firings. 2.2.2 Firing with an excessive charge of either sample or oxygen. 2.2.3 Ignition of any internal part of the bomb, including fuel capsule. 2.2.4 The evidence of corrosion or surface defects which exceed 80 % of the manufacturer’s stated corrosion allowance for the bomb. 2.2.5 Any change in thread tolerances of bomb enclosures which exceed the manufacturer’s specifications. 3. Hydrostatic Test 3.1 Fill the bomb with water at room temperature and connect to a suitable hydraulic pressure system. Be sure that all air has been displaced from the bomb and from the connecting gas passages. Support the bomb so that the diameter at the midsection of the cylinder can be measured with a micrometer caliper, and the deflection at the center point of the bottom can be measured with a micrometer dial indicator. Apply water pressure which is 1.5 times the manufacturer’s recommended working pressure test pressure of the bomb and check the bomb and pressure connections for leaks. 3.2 With the hydraulic system at atmospheric pressure, measure the diameter at the midsection of the cylinder and obtain a zero reading for the dial indicator in contact with the center point of the bottom of the bomb. Raise the hydrostatic pressure to test pressure and repeat these measurements, then release the pressure and take a third set of measurements with the system at atmospheric pressure. If the application of test pressure produces a deflection greater than 0.005 in. (0.127 mm) at the midsection of the cylinder or at the center point of the bottom of the bomb, or if any of the bomb parts do not resume their original dimensions when pressure is released, reject the bomb as unsafe. 4. Proof Test 4.1 Record the outside diameter at the midsection of the bomb cylinder as measured with a micrometer caliper, then assemble the bomb for firing with a tablet or pellet of compressed benzoic acid that gives an energy release that is 1.5 times the manufacturer’s recommended energy release limit. Admit oxygen slowly to an initial pressure that represents the manufacturer’s maximum charging pressure, then submerge the bomb in water and check for gas leaks. If none appear, arrange the bomb for firing in a water bath protected by a heavy barricade. NOTE 1—Caution: This is a proof test with a twice-normal charge, therefore the operator must be fully protected (5.1.4) in case the bomb should rupture when fired. 1 This practice is under the jurisidiction of ASTM Committee E41 on Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E 41.01 on Apparatus. Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1994. Published October 1994. Originally published as E 144 – 59 T. Last previous edition E 144 – 64 (1992). 1 Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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ASTM E 144-94
Transcript of E 144-94
Designation: E 144 94 (Reapproved 2001)An American National StandardStandard Practice forSafe Use Of Oxygen Combustion Bombs1ThisstandardisissuedunderthexeddesignationE 144;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1This practice covers methods for judging the soundnessof new and used oxygen combustion bombs, and describes theprecautions to be observed in oxygen bomb combustionmethods.1.2Thispracticeisapplicabletoall proceduresinwhichsamples arecompletelyoxidizedbycombustioninametalbomb containing oxygen under pressure. Where there isconict with specic precautions in individual ASTM methods,the latter shall take precedence.1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The metric equivalent of inch-pound units maybe approximate.1.4Thisstandarddoesnot purport toaddressall of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Physical Requirements2.1Initial TestThemanufacturerofoxygencombustionbombs for use in ASTM test methods shall furnish a certicatewith each new bomb showing that it has satisfactorily passedthe hydrostatic and proof tests described in Sections 3 and 4.When requested, the manufacturer shall supply evidence thatthe bomb is designed and constructed in accordance withrecognized practices for pressure vessel equipment.2.2Periodic InspectionAll seals and other parts that arerecommendedbythemanufacturer shall bereplacedor re-newed after each 5000 ring or at a more frequent interval ifthesealsorotherpartsshowevidenceofdeterioration. Thehydrostatic and proof tests described in Sections 3 and 4 shallbe repeated if any of the following have occurred:2.2.1Five thousand rings.2.2.2Firingwithanexcessivechargeofeithersampleoroxygen.2.2.3Ignitionofanyinternal part ofthebomb, includingfuel capsule.2.2.4Theevidenceofcorrosionorsurfacedefectswhichexceed 80 % of the manufacturers stated corrosion allowancefor the bomb.2.2.5Any change in thread tolerances of bomb enclosureswhich exceed the manufacturers specications.3. Hydrostatic Test3.1Fill the bomb with water at roomtemperature andconnect to a suitable hydraulic pressure system. Be sure that allair has been displaced from the bomb and from the connectinggaspassages. Support thebombsothat thediameter at themidsection of the cylinder can be measured with a micrometercaliper, and the deection at the center point of the bottom canbemeasuredwithamicrometer dial indicator. Applywaterpressure which is 1.5 times the manufacturers recommendedworking pressure test pressure of the bomb and check the bomband pressure connections for leaks.3.2With the hydraulic systemat atmospheric pressure,measurethediameter at themidsectionof thecylinder andobtain a zero reading for the dial indicator in contact with thecenter point of the bottom of the bomb. Raise the hydrostaticpressure to test pressure and repeat these measurements, thenrelease the pressure and take a third set of measurements withthesystematatmosphericpressure.Iftheapplicationoftestpressureproducesadeectiongreater than0.005in. (0.127mm) at the midsection of the cylinder or at the center point ofthebottomofthebomb, orifanyofthebombpartsdonotresumetheir original dimensionswhenpressureisreleased,reject the bomb as unsafe.4. Proof Test4.1Recordtheoutsidediameter at themidsectionof thebombcylinder asmeasuredwithamicrometer caliper, thenassemble the bomb for ring with a tablet or pellet ofcompressed benzoic acid that gives an energy release that is 1.5timesthemanufacturersrecommendedenergyreleaselimit.Admit oxygen slowly to an initial pressure that represents themanufacturers maximumchargingpressure, thensubmergethebombinwaterandcheckforgasleaks. Ifnoneappear,arrange the bomb for ring in a water bath protected by a heavybarricade.NOTE 1Caution: This is aproof test withatwice-normal charge,thereforetheoperatormustbefullyprotected(5.1.4)incasethebombshould rupture when red.1This practice is under the jurisidiction of ASTM Committee E41 on LaboratoryApparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E 41.01 on Apparatus.Current editionapproved Aug. 15, 1994. PublishedOctober1994. Originallypublished as E 144 59 T. Last previous edition E 144 64 (1992).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Fire the bomb and allow it to stand for 10 min whilecooling water is circulated through the bath. Remove the bomb,release the residual pressure, open and examine the parts, alsomeasure the diameter at the midsection of the cylinder. If anyof the bomb parts do not resume their original dimensions afterthis test, reject the bomb as unsafe.5. Precautions in Use of Bombs5.1Observe the following precautions in all oxygen bombcombustion methods:5.1.1Sample WeightThe total weight of combustiblematerial (sample plus gelatin, ring oil, or any other combus-tion aid) shall not exceed the maximum energy release recom-mended by the manufacturer. Initial tests with new materialsthatmightbeexpectedtoburnrapidly, ortohaveexplosivecharacteristics, shallbeconductedwithcautionusingonlyafraction of the allowable maximum sample.5.1.2OxygenFillingSystemThe oxygenllingsystemshall include a pressure regulator or other automatic device toprevent overcharging beyond the maximum allowable pressurespecied in the appropriate ASTM test method. There must beno oil or other combustible materials in this system. Check thepressuregageor gagesfor accuracyat regular intervals, orwhenever there is any reason to suspect that they are inaccu-rate. The bomb must not be red if an over-charge of oxygenshould accidentally be admitted.5.1.3Ignition SystemThe bomb must be completely sub-mergedinwater duringring, andthechargemust not beignitedif there is anyevidence of gas leakage. Drawtheignition current from a stepdown transformer or from a suitablebattery, using the lowest practicable voltage recommended bythemanufacturer. Control thecircuit byadouble-polepushswitch that can be closed only when the operator presses theignition button.5.1.4Safety BarricadeProtect the operator by a barricadewhenringthebombandfor15sthereafter. Thebarricadeshall consist of 14)-in. (6.35-mm) steel plate or other equivalentprotective material.6. Keywords6.1bombs; combustion; oxygenASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ve years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,UnitedStates. Individual reprints(singleormultiplecopies)of thisstandardmaybeobtainedbycontacting ASTMat theaboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTMwebsite(www.astm.org).E 1442
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