E-03 Myanmar U Lin Final - UBM Asia

Myanmar Engineering Society

ASEAN Countries’ Presentation on Renewable Energy Projects and Business

Opportunities

(Myanmar)

ASEAN Countries’ Presentation on Renewable Energy Projects and Business

Opportunities

(Myanmar)

Presented byU Lin

Vise PresidentMyanmar Engineering Society (MES)


ContentsContents1. Primary Energy Resources and their Potentials

2. Renewable Energy Sector

3. Hydro Power

4. Hydropower Plants by Using Irrigation Water

5. Electrification by Wind Power Plants

6. Solar Power

7. Biomass Gasification

8. Production of Biofuel (Bioethanol)

9. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Activities

10. ACMECS Projects


Primary Energy Resources and their Potentials1 Crude Oil (Offshore & Onshore)

(Proven + Probable)

609.39 MMBBL

2 Natural Gas (Offshore & Onshore)

(Proven + Probable)

166.13 TSCF

3 Hydro 108,000 MW

4 Coal 711 Million Metric Tons

5 Biomass 52.5 % of total land area covered with forest potential available annual sustainable yield of woodfuel-19.12 Million Cubic Ton

6 Wind 365.1 TWH per year

Coastal strip of 2832 Km with South-westerly wind -9 months North-easterly wind -3 months

7 Solar Power 51973.8 TWH per year

8 Geothermal 93 Locations


Source: Energy Planning Department, Ministry of Energy

Developments in Myanmar Energy Sector, November 2008

Utilization of Major Primary Energy Resources

(2007-08)

11.55%

Utilization of RE = 72.68% Utilization of Fossil Fuel = 27.32%


To maintain the status of energy independence

To promote wider use of new and renewable sources of energy

To promote energy efficiency and conservation

To promote use of alternative fuels in household

Energy Policies Framework


(1) Petroleum

(2) Electric Power (Hydropower)

(3) Thermal power

(Power transmission and distribution)

(4) Biomass and Fuelwood

(5) Renewable

(1) Petroleum

(2) Electric Power (Hydropower)

(3) Thermal power

(Power transmission and distribution)

(4) Biomass and Fuelwood

(5) Renewable

� Ministry of Energy

� Ministry of Electrical Power No. (1)


� Ministry of Forestry

� Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation

� Ministry of Science and Technology

� Ministry of Energy



� Ministry of Forestry

� Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation

� Ministry of Science and Technology

* Ministry of Energy is a Focal Point of the Myanmar Energy Sector Cooperations

Institutional Arrangements in the Energy Sector

Related Organizations (Non Government)Related Organizations (Non Government)

(1) Myanmar Engineering Society(2) Renewable Energy Association Myanmar


Renewable Energy Sector


Sr,No.

Type Quantity per year

1 Rice Husks 4,392 x 103 ton/yr.

2 Lumber Waste 1.5 million ton/yr.

3 Bagasse 2,126 x 103 ton/yr.

4 Molasses 240 x 103 ton/yr.

5 Livestock Waste 34,421 x 103 ton/yr.

Biomass Resources in Myanmar


Current Installed RE Capacity by type of RE Sources from 2004 - 2009

YearHydro (Total)

Wind SolarBiomass/Biogas

Others/ Gasifier

Remark

2004 467.19 - - - -

2005 747.19 0.08 0.25 0.95 3.2025

2006 752.66 - - - 5.3235

2007 811.46 - - - 6.0375

2008 918.80 - - - -

2009, May 1456.80 0.52 0.60 1.92 21.50

(Installed Capacity – Megawatt)


After Myanmar attained independence in 1948, the government

established “Electricity Supply Board” in 1951.

One of the major electrification scheme was the construction of

hydroelectric facilities in Kayah State, as known as lawpita Project.

After the project was implemented, Myanmar was self-sufficient in

electricity at that time.

Subsequent increases in population from 16.8 million during pre-war

years to 35.3 million in 1983, the demand had outstripped supply.

Hydro Power


The ministry of Electric Power is responsible for electricity

generation, transmission and distribution for economic development

since 1997.

The ministry has the objective of supplying electricity via hydro

power sources.

This is due to the natural resource that Myanmar with many rivers has an annual water flow of 870 million acre feet which has potential for 40,000 MW of hydro power.

The projected additions from hydropower from 2010 to 2015 is approximately 2372 MW.


Progress in Power Development Program as at 2009

Hydro Power Stations

No. of Power Station

Installed (MW)

Existing 14 1421

Under Construction 19 10,650

Future 15 22,509

Total 48 34,580

There is no Under Construction Project and Future Plan for New Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine.


(Hydro Power) Potentials of Rural Village Electrification

Electrification with Hydro Power is the most familiar to Myanmar.

Village hydro power were moderately installed especially in the villages of

Shan State.

The hydro power was mostly generated by utilizing the stream water and

the dam type hydro power system.

Low head (VPR) vertical propeller turbine was used.

In case of high head, some kind of cross flow type turbine was used.


Hydropower Plants by Using Irrigation Water

Irrigation system was mainly constructed for water supplying to the agriculture farms in the past.

Mini hydro power plant is installed at the drop structure which has enough water head and flowing water rate to generate hydro power.

The required flow rate to operate turbine is a small as 01. ~ 0.5 m3/sec.

Propeller type turbine was selected for low head plant.

The working head is 1.0 ~ 2.0 meter.

The installed output per unit is 2 ~ 5 KW.

Except the armature all the parts of turbine & generator are fabricated locally.

(217) Irrigation projects have being constructed around the whole country, over (5.0 MW) can be generated.


Drop No - 1 Drop No - 3 Drop No - 4

Drop No - 5 Drop No - 13

Installed Hydro Power Plants at Drops

Mini Hydropower Plants Using Irrigation Water


Electrification by Wind Power

NEDO of Japan performed in 1997 a study on renewable energy potential

in GMS region and assessed that Myanmar has potentially available Wind

Energy of 360.1 TWh/year.

Promising areas to harness wind energy are in three regions, namely Hilly

Regions and Shan States, Coastal Regions in the South and Western part of

the Country and central part of Myanmar.

Due to the expensive initial cost, use of wind energy in Myanmar is at the

very initial stage.


Wind Power Plants for Electrification in Myanmar

Source : Ministry of Information

(up to December 2008)

Sr. No. Region(State & Division)

Number of Plants

1. Kayin State 10

2. Sagaing Division 14

3. Ayeyawady Division 1

Total 25


Solar Power

Electricity from the sun is quite abundant in most of the countries to meet basic

electricity needs of a rural community.

Myanmar is a land of plentiful sunshine, especially in central and southern

regions of the country.

The geographical location of Myanmar is between latitude 9°58’ N and 28°29’

N, longitude 92°10’ E and 101°10’ E.

The cooler, dry season lasts from November to April and the hotter, wet season

from May to October.

Sunshine is plentiful during the dry season average 7 to 10 hours a day.

During the rainy season, the weather is cloudier and daily sunshine amounts is

average only 3 to 4 hours a day.


Potential available Solar Energy of Myanmar is around 51973.8 Tera Wh/yr.

The following solar energy technologies can be successfully propagated.

- solar cookers

- solar heating system

- solar water pumping

- battery charging

- solar power generation

Use of solar energy is also in the very initial stage due to the expensive initial

cost.

Solar Power (Contd.)


The current application of Photovoltaic in Myanmar are:

1. Natha Myaing Village - 3.60 KW

2. VAST Station, Mogok - 1.80 KW

3. PV System for Computer (Hakha, Chin State) - 0.30 KW

4. PV System for Radio Telephone, Post & Telecommunications - 3 KW

5. PV Battery Charging Station at Pale, Thongwa Township - 0.45 KW

6. PV water pumping station all over Myanmar, Water Resources - 40 KW

Departments

7. PV powered Solar Refrigeration under Ministry of Health - 50 KW

8. PV powered Rural Health Centers under Ministry of Health - 15 KW

9. Yan Myo Aung Village - 40 KW

10. Chaung Tha Village - 80 KW

11. Electric Car Factory (Yupar Theikdi Industries Co., Ltd.) - 60 KW

I.Z (1), South Dagon Tsp, Yangon.

12. Kanyut Kwin B.H.S (Branch 1), Phyu Township, Bago Division. - 6.66 KW

13. Auk Pyun Wa Village (Solar system), Nga Pu Daw Tsp, - 2.06 KW

Ayeyarwaddy Division.

14. Private owned PV systems (Sold by various companies) - 250 KW

15. Other Utilizations - 50 KW

Total - 602.87 KW


Biogas

More than 75% of total population of Myanmar live in rural areas and engaged

in rural agricultural activities.

The resources of livestock waste potential is (34,421 x 103 ton/year).

Biogas digesters are introduced for generation of biogas from animal waste.

The government had launched a program to propagate the biogas utilization

since 1980.

In 1983 Biogas Steering Committee have been formed chaired by the Deputy

Minister of Agriculture and Forest.

A total of 867 floating type biogas plant, family size digesters have been

constructed and utilized.

Biogas is mainly used for cooking and lighting.


Biogas (Contd.)

The high capital investment of floating type biogas plant installation,

intensive maintenance and short life-time of the floating drum are the main

drawbacks.

Since the beginning of year 2003, two fixed dome type biogas plants, 50

m3 in size, have been constructed and utilized in Panan and Pankque

villages, Kyauk Se District.

Electrification was provided with biogas for 6 hours per day.

50 m3 MMO model, Fixed Dome type Biogas plants are commercialized

by the aids of the MOST in villages of Mandalay, Sagaing and Magwe

Divisions and more than 65 numbers of electricity producing plants were

constructed on using cow-dung.


Biomass Gasification (Gasifier)

Biomass Resources in Myanmar are:

Rice Husks = 4,392 x 103 ton/yr

Lumber Waste = 1.5 million ton/yr

Bagasse = 2,126 x 103 ton/yr

Biomass gasification is popular to remote area and the industrial sector for both heating and power production.


The Biomass Gasification

The Biomass Gasification means the thermo chemical conversion of

Biomass into more useful energy form of gas through pyrolysis reaction.

In other words, it is the firing of biomass with limited air (Oxygen) and to

get the combustible gas called the producer gas (Synthesis gas)

Three types of energy conversion available are:

1. thermal heating

2. direct mechanical output

3. electricity output


Three Types of Gasification

Type Advantage Disadvantage

Updraft • Small pressure drop

• Good Thermal Eff:

• Little tendency towards slag formation

• Great sensitivity to tar and moisture and moisture content of fuel

• Relatively long time reqd. for start up of IC engine.

• Poor reaction capability with heavy gas load.

Downdraft • Flexible adaptation of gas production to load

• Low sensitivity to charcoal dust and tar content of fuel

• Design tends to be tall

• Not feasible for very small particle size of fuel

Crossdraft • Short design height

• Very fast response time to load

• Flexible gas production

• Very high sensitivity to slag formation

• High pressure drop.


Sr.No.Region

(State & Division)Numbers of

Plant1 Kachin State 34

2 Kayah State 1

3 Kayin State 2

4 Chin State 13

5 Rakhine State 13

6 Mon State 35

7 Shan State 62

8 Bago Division 80

9 Sagaing Division 89

10 Tanintharyi Division 4

11 Magway Division 7

12 Mandalay Division 34

13 Yangon Division 3

14 Ayeyawady Division 51

Total 428

Biomass Gasification for Electrical Plants, up to D ecember 2008(Rice husk/ Wood Chips, etc..)

Source : Ministry of Information


Production of Biofuel (Bioethanol) from Biomass

Integrated Framing Pilot Project


Demonstration of integrated farm comprising of sugar cane cultivation and cashew nut trees plantation, bioethanol and sugar cane syrupproduction and bioethanol utilization have been started in Kwin Kauk Village, Ingapu Township, Ayeyarwaddy Division since 1999 with the following objectives:

� To protect environment by cashew nut trees plantation.

� To cultivate sugar cane for bioethanol and sugar cane syrup production.

� To produce bio-ethanol at a minimum cost for totally substituting of gasoline fuel in the rural area.

� To develop a self–sufficient energy supply system not only to produce bioethanol and sugar cane syrup but also to supply for nearby small and medium industries.

� To develop a greener production system with environmental protection through pollution prevention approach.

Objectives


� To educate the benefit of integrated farm, to enhance the development of rural area and community based industries.

� To promote confidence of using bioethanol in gasoline engine.

� The demonstration of integrated farm was successfully completed in 2007 and started educating at Sweet Sorghum Cultivation Site of Myanma Sugarcane Enterprise and Pathein University. A replica integrated farm is started develop in Northern Shan State and BagoDivision in 2008.

Objectives (cont,)


Installed capacity

Bioethanol production

Research Pilot Plant Mobile model Commercial model

25 liters per day 500 liters per day 1500 liters per day


Still problems of corrosion to the engine parts due to the acidity of fuel.

Cannot maintain getting constant quality of ethanol due to poor distillation

facilities, meters, and instruments.

Higher production cost compared with gasolene.

Constraints on Utilization of Bioethanol


Energy Efficiency and Conservation Activities


(1) All government buildings to use daylight for illumination during office hours as much as possible.

(2) All government vehicles have to observe two dry days a

month except emergency vehicles and vehicles on duty.

(3) A high-level inspection team is constantly monitoring the

compliance to the government energy conservation initiative.

The Government has initiated the following two administrative actions for government offices and vehicles:


Co-operation with Regional Organization for Energy Efficiency and Conservation, Renewable Energy Utilization and Energy Management

ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE)

BIMSTEC

ACMECS

PROMEEC

GMS

ECCJ

International Cooperation


Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), Thailand

Chiangmai University, Thailand

Silpakorn Universty, Thailand

NEDO, Japan

TERI, India

International Cooperation (cont,)


Myanmar Activities for Energy Management

In recognition of the importance of energy efficiency and conservation, the Ministry of Energy formed the National Committee for Organizing Competitions for ASEAN Best Practices in Renewable Energy, Energy Efficient Buildings and Industries. Energy Management in Buildings and Industries since February 2007.

Myanmar Engineering Society (MES) has been assigned as the counterpart to coordinate all related activities with guidance from the Ministry.


Awards Received By Myanmar

2002 Kanbawza Bank, Yangon, Special SubmissionWinner

2005 Popa Mountain Resort, Tropical Building,

Winner

2006 Rural Electrification with Rice Husk Gasifier, (RE)2nd Runner-up

2007 Mingalar Garden Resort-Pyay,Tropical Building,

Winner

2008 Tidal Power Project-Kanbalar, (RE)

1st Runner-up

2008 Bay of Bengal Resort-Ngwe Saung, Tropical Building, 1st Runner-up


Awards Received By Myanmar (Cont.)

• 2009 Shwe Inn Tha Floating Resort, Tropical Building,

Winner

• 2009 Belle Resort, Chaung Tha, Tropical Building,

2nd Runner-up

• Rural Electrification with Mini Hydro Power Project (Ma Mya Dam) RE Project,

Winner


Recognition by the Government

Ceremony to honour all participants and winners of ASEAN Energy Awards 2007 was held at the Ministry of Energy, Naypyitaw on 5th

May 2007 and awards were presented by the Deputy Minister .

Ceremony to honour all participants and winners of ASEAN Energy Awards 2008 was held at the function hall of the Ministry of Energy, Naypyitaw on 19th November 2008 and certificates of honour were given by the HE Minister of Energy


Dissemination of Knowledge on RE and EE&CEstablished Energy and Renewable Energy Resource Centre at MES.

TV interview by BOJ member U Win Khaing , U Nyunt Maung San and Daw Chaw Kalyar.

PROMEEC seminar at NUS Singapore on (24th January 2008) to brief about the 1st prize winner Mingalar Garden Resort by U Win Khaing.

PROMEEC seminar at Vientiene, Lao PDR on (3rd October 2008) to brief about the 1st Prize winner Mingalar Garden Resort and 1st Runner-up Bay of Bengal Resort by Daw Chaw Kalyar.

PROMEEC Seminar at Siem Reap, Cambodia on (25th Sept. 2009) to brief about the winner prize awardees Shwe Inn Tha Floating Resort and 2nd Runner Up Prize awardees Belle Resort by U Myint Kyaw.

PROMEEC Seminar at Hanoi, Vietnam on (9th October, 2009) to brief about the winner prize awardees Shwe Inn Tha Floating Resort and 2nd Runner Up Prize awardees Belle Resort by Daw Aung Sezar.

PROMEEC seminar for Major Industries in South East Asia at Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam on (24th October 2009) to brief about the Best Practices for EE&C of the Cement and Oil Refinery Industries in Myanmar by U Than Tun Aung.


Fuel Wood Consumption

Myanmar has a total population of 52 millions.

About 80% of the population are living in rural areas and engaged in

rural agricultural activities.

Wood fuel is the main source of domestic energy in Myanmar.

Firewood is used for cooking is rural areas together with limited amount

of agritural wastes.

The current level of wood fuel consumption is about 19.12 million cubic

tons.

To Reduce Fuel Wood Consumptions

• Utilizing of High Efficiency Cooking Stoves.

• Utilizing of Fuel Sticks and briquettes.


To Reduce Petrol & Diesel Consumptions

• Appropriate allocation system for petro / diesel (about one million vehicles)

• Use natural gas at power station and factories.

• CNG vehicles conversion program for buses, taxis and commercial

vehicles.


CNG / NGV PROGRAMME IN MYANMAR� Initiated in Myanmar since 1986.

� 1986 – August 2004 :

- 5 CNG Refueling Stations-

- 2 in Yangon City

- 2 in Yenangyaung Field

- 1 in Chauk Field

- 587 NGVs (Converted from petrol buses)

� CNG / NGV Programme was reactivated in

August 2004.

� As at November 2009:

- 50 CNG Refueling Stations in Myanmar-

- 45 in Yangon City

- 2 in Mandalay City

- 2 in Yenangyaung Field

- 1 in Chauk Field

- more than 26,000 NGVs (Converted from

both petrol / diesel cars )

� Future : CNG Refueling Stations will be installed

along the existing domestic pipeline corridor.


• Under cooperation in Energy Related Projects between Thailand-Myanmar in accordance with Ayeyarwaddy-Chaophaya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy (ACMECS)

• MOU on energy between the Government of Thailand and the Government of Myanmar was signed

• In 2007, financial support was granted by the Ministry of Energythrough the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE)

(ACMECS) Project

Study and Demonstration of Biomass Gasification for Electricity Project

VietnamVietnamVietnamVietnam


Project Site - Dagoon Daing Village, Twet-tey Tsp,

Yangon Division

- about 50 KM from Yangon.

Installed Capacity - Engine - 2800 cc Mitsubishi

Generator - 50 KW

Type of operation - Dual fuel type (diesel + rice husk)

Application - Night Time lighting (4/6 hours operation)

Name of Village - Dagoon Daing Village

House-holds - 304


Village power plant

Front viewFront view

Rear viewRear view

Right side viewRight side view

Left side viewLeft side view

E-03 Myanmar U Lin Final - UBM Asia

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