Dynamic Mapping of Human Cortical Development during Childhood through Early Adulthood Constructed...

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Transcript of Dynamic Mapping of Human Cortical Development during Childhood through Early Adulthood Constructed...

Page 1: Dynamic Mapping of Human Cortical Development during Childhood through Early Adulthood Constructed from MRI scans of healthy children: Red indicates.
Page 2: Dynamic Mapping of Human Cortical Development during Childhood through Early Adulthood Constructed from MRI scans of healthy children: Red indicates.
Page 3: Dynamic Mapping of Human Cortical Development during Childhood through Early Adulthood Constructed from MRI scans of healthy children: Red indicates.

Dynamic Mapping of Human Cortical Development during Childhood through Early Adulthood

Constructed from MRI scans of healthy children: Red indicates more gray matter, blue less gray matter. Gray matter wanes in a back to front wave as the brain matures and neural connections are pruned. Areas perrforming more basic functions mature earlier; areas for higher-order functions (emotion, self-control) mature later. The pre-frontal cortex, which handles reasoning and other "executive" functions, emerged late in evolution, and is among the last to mature.

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El desarrollo del cerebro ocurre en dos etapas principales:

Inflación: Brotes de crecimiento y producción masiva de neuronas

Poda: El cerebro organiza sus vías neurales mediante un proceso de creación y fortalecimiento de las sinapsis de uso frecuente descartando las no utilizadas y dejando las más eficientes

Page 5: Dynamic Mapping of Human Cortical Development during Childhood through Early Adulthood Constructed from MRI scans of healthy children: Red indicates.
Page 6: Dynamic Mapping of Human Cortical Development during Childhood through Early Adulthood Constructed from MRI scans of healthy children: Red indicates.

El concepto de "Plasticidad" describe la capacidad del cerebro para cambiar físicamente su estructura interna cuando aprendemos cosas nuevas :

Durante los picos de la plasticidad del cerebro se hacen conexiones neuronales clave para convertirse en adultos en pleno funcionamiento

El consumo de alcohol durante los períodos de máxima plasticidad puede dañar seriamente 'el cableado del cerebro' .

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Al igual que otras drogas, el alcohol produce sus efectos mediante la alteración de las acciones de los neurotransmisores:

Modifica las acciones de dos importantes neurotransmisores GABA y glutamato que se encuentran en todo cerebro, de ahí la acción generalizada que tiene sobre el comportamiento, la intoxicación alcoholica.

Produce mayor efecto en las áreas del cerebro en proceso de desarrollo en comparación con las ya desarrolladas por lo que el daño podría ser permanente

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Cerebro en desarrollo y consumo de alcohol

El hippocampo, fundamento de la memoria y el aprendizaje, sufre el peor daño. Los que beben más y durante más tiempo tienen un hipocampo significativamente menor (hasta un 10% más pequeño)

El área prefrontal sufre el mayor cambio durante la adolescencia, el alcohol podría producir serias modificaciones, que afectan a la formación de la personalidad y la conducta

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Los adolescentes son más susceptibles que los adultos a algunos efectos, pero menos susceptibles a los demás

Más susceptibles a los efectos relativos a la memoria y el aprendizaje (los apagones)

Menos afectados por los efectos sedantes causadas por el alcohol

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PEOR RENDIMIENTO NEUROPSICOLOGICO

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CAMBIOS ELECTROENCEFALOGRÁFICOS

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ALTERACIONES NEUROMORFOLOGICAS