Dynamic Control of Welcoming Bot using Novel Arduino based ...

Volume1 Issues 11 from Nov- 2020

INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY www.irjest.com

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Dynamic Control of Welcoming Bot using Novel Arduino based Face detection and Recognition Santhosh .M1, Vignesh .K2, Seeshanth.C3

1-3 Dr.M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute .Chennai, tamilnadu.

Abstract— before Arduino is an open-source electronics programming platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software for worldwide users. Many techniques can be used to overcome a face recognition, face detection and liquid crystal

display problems. In this paper we design, program and test Arduino module for automatic face detection and recognition.

Further; a robot is designed by interfacing LCD with Arduino module which acts as key tool to cut through the complex

tasks that emerge in digital image processing technology.

Keywords: Arduino, Face recognition, Face detection, Liquid crystal display, Design, Implementation, Testing

—————————— ——————————

1 INTRODUCTION

Researchers with a little or no technical background in

electronics and programming experience various problems

from everyday objects to complex scientific instruments.

Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the

Arduino Software (IDE)Processing have added up to an

incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great

help to novices and experts alike. Arduino Uno, Arduino

Nano, and Arduino Pro Mini Boards inevitably have

revitalized the automation industry with their easy to use

platform functions. Arduino technology is forming a new

dimension by making complicated things look easier and

interesting. Since Arduino is a fast processing, easy interface,

low costs, highly reliable and affordable technology, it is

chosen for the present study. This paper provides a glimpse of

type of Arduino boards, working principles, software

implementation and their applications for face recognition

and face detection.

Face recognition

The face recognition problem two predominant approaches:

Geometric (feature based) and photometric (view based). The

former is based on the spatial configurations of facial features

such as the geometrical distances and angles between eyes,

nose and mouth locations and the latter is used to recover the

shape of an object from a number of images(gradient map)

taken under different lighting conditions.

Face Detection

For The face detection task involves three step processes via,

pre- processing, classification and localization. The pictures

are handled before they are taken care of into the network. All

the trimmed pictures are then rectified for lighting through

standard calculations. Neural organizations are actualized to

order the pictures as countenances. Different network

configurations are experimented to optimize the results. We

used the Mat lab neural network toolbox to perform this task.

The localization process uses the trained neural network to search

for faces in an image and if present localize them in a bounding

box. Figure 1 show the typical algorithm for Face detection

system.

2. Materials and methods

Materials

The hardware components used for face detection and face

recognition in Arduino,module:Arduino,, ,LCD Screen

(compatible with Hitachi HD44780 driver), pin headers to

solderto the LCD display pins,10k ohm potentiometer,220-ohm

resistor, hook-up, ,wires breadboard System (pc with

windows os) Web camera Speaker Visual studio 2008 Sql

server 2008.

The software programming includes COM+ component services,

a commitment to XML and object-oriented design, support for new web services protocols such as SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI,

etc.NET framework components are depicted in figure 2.

http://www.irjest.com/


https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage



http://wiring.org.co/

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software





https://processing.org/









Fig.4Webcam connection with LCD and Arduino

Fig.2 .NET Framework into its system architectural components

Methods

Digital Image Processing

Digital Image Processing is the processing of images which

are digital in nature by a digital computer. Digital image

processing techniques are motivated by three major

applications. These include the improvement of pictorial

information for human perception, efficient storage and

transmission and the image processing for autonomous

machine application. Facial detection and recognition falls

within the machine vision application of digital image

processing.

A typical block diagram of Digital Image Processing is

shown in figure 3.

2.2.2Specifications of Webcam

The webcam is the main requirement for facial recognition.

The webcam and its connections with LCD and Arduino are

shown in figure 4.

Fig.3 A typical block diagram for the steps in Digital

Image Processing

Face Matcher is composed of face Recognition server which runs

face engine as a service application to identify faces from Oracle

database. Face matcher accepts data from any Smartphone, Media

Server, and Full- HD IP cameras through Axon Next protocols.

3. Results and Discussions

Design and Implementation System Design

In this design, several related components in terms of functionality

have been grouped to form sub-systems which combine to make up

the whole system. Breaking the system down to components and

sub- systems informs the logical design of the class attendance

system. The flow diagram of Figure 5 depicts the systems operation.






Fig.5 The flowchart to depict system operation

The figure 5 is employed at different stages of face

recognition systems.

Fig.6. Overview of the system operation design

According to figure 6, the student needs to be in front of a camera

at a minimum distance of 60cm.The system will detect the image of

the student according to PCA 13 converts it into a gray scale and

stores it in an xml file. When the student reappears before the

camera, faces are recognized by comparing the Eigen faces of

current and stored images. The names of the detected faces are

then stored in Microsoft Access Database.

Arduino Architecture

Arduino's processor essentially utilizes the Harvard design where

the program code and program information have separate

memory. It comprises of two recollections Program memory and

the information memory. The code is stored in the flash program

memory, whereas the data is stored in the data memory. The

Atmega328 has 32 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which

0.5 KB is used for the boot loader), 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of

EEPROM and operates with a clock speed of 16MHz. Figure 7 show

a typical architecture of an Arduino.

Fig.7 Typical Arduino Architecture






Arduino Programming-Arduino Software

The main bit of leeway with Arduino is the projects can be

straightforwardly stacked to the gadget without requiring any

equipment developer to consume the program. The 0.5KB of

Boot loader allows the program to be burned into the circuit.

The Arduino Software (IDE) allows writing programs and

uploading it to board. The Arduino Software consists of two

options: online (Arduino Web Editor) and the other offline IDE

(the latest version of the desktop IDE).These allow saving

sketches in the cloud and make it available from any device

backup rather to install updates or community generated

libraries.

The five steps to program an Arduino are:

Step1: To write sketches. Sketches are programs written in

Arduino which consists of declaration of variables,

initialization and control code.

Step 2: The sketch is saved within extension. Any tasks like

confirming, opening a sketch, sparing a sketch should be

possible utilizing the catches on the toolbar or utilizing the

apparatus menu

Step 3: The sketch should be stored in the sketchbook

directory.

Step 4: Chose the proper board from the tools menu and the

serial port numbers.

Step 5: Click on the upload button or chose upload from the

tools menu. The sample code is then uploaded by the boot

loader onto the microcontroller.

LCD Interfacing with the Arduino Module – Robot Design

Figure 8 show the liquid crystal display with the Arduino

module. The RS pin of the LCD in the circuit is connected to the

pin 12 of the Arduino. The LCD of R/W pin is associated with the

ground..

The pin 11 of the Arduino is connected to the enable signal pin

of LCD module. There are four input lines from DB4 to DB7 of

the LCD in the circuit. The LCD module &Arduino module are

interfaced with the 4-bit mode using fewer connection cables

in this project.

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of LCD interfacing with

Arduino

The computerized input lines (DB4-DB7) are interfaced with the

Arduino pins from 5-2. A 10K potentiometer is used to adjust the

contrast of the display. The current through the back LED light is

from the 560-ohm resistor. The outer force jack is given by the board

to the Arduino. Utilizing the PC through the USB port the Arduino

can control some parts of the circuit can require the +5V power

supply it is taken from the 5V source on the Arduino board.




https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software#download

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software#download

https://www.elprocus.com/arduino-basics-and-design/

https://www.elprocus.com/arduino-basics-and-design/




Fig.9 LCD –Arduino Interfacing in a breadboard

Connection

• Do you get a similar incentive from the advanced port in

both 3.3V and 5V?

Testing the SQL Server

The testing is done to check whether the server is turned on/off

before starting the SQL database separately or in visual studio.

Step 1

Press the windows key + R keys to open the ‘run’ popup menu.

Step2

Press win + R (windows key + R key) in the popup menu. Type

services msc on the run menu and press enter.

Step 3

Scroll down the screen and check until the SQL server created is

running or not. If it is not running click on the server and press

start button on the left top corner.

Start-up Data base in Visual studio Step 1

Testing

Software Startup

To launch the Arduino Application, Double-click the

Arduino application in the folder from where it is

extracted.

Open example code select board upload

program Select serial port

Read data

Testing the Arduino Uno Board

Connect one end of the wire to A0 port

Associate the opposite finish to GND port

Analog0 in the Serial Monitor should now peruse 0.0

volts Remove the wire from GND and connect it to 5V

Analog0 should now read approximately 5.0 volts

Eliminate the wire from GND and associate it to 5V

Analog0 should now peruse roughly 3.3 volts

Rehash a similar technique with A1, D2 and D3

Open the VS and click on the tools menu on the menu bar and

select connect to database.

Step 2

A new popup window will appear. Type the created SQL server

name and the database name and click on the ok button or press

enter key.

Step 3

The database and the server is connected with the VS. The red

color sign database connection indicates that the server is not

connected. Press on the refresh button to refresh the connection

and check for a bluish green color sign indication for proper server

connection.






Output

Fig.11 Login page

Fig.12 Login as Admin

Fig.13 Image collector

Fig.14 Face Extractor

Fig.15 Face Adder

Fig.16 Face Recognition Using Image






Fig.17 Face Recognition Using Camera

Fig.18 Persons details

Conclusion:

Exploratory investigation and study show that the

progressive security structures are viable fit as a fiddle

recognizable proof for physiological qualities. The facial

expression based face recognition system is made efficient

with genetic algorithm invariants of the facial surface

resulting to a recognition rate of 95.4%. The illustration of the

model given in this research work is to build expressional

representations using the concept of hierarchy based

embedding approach. The facial portrayal model is conveyed

in PC for biometric confirmation measure. The effect of the

installing space decision on the measurement (bending)

presumes that spaces with round calculation are more

positive for portrayal of facial surfaces. This exploration work

guarantees another heading of examination in the field of

asymmetric biometric cryptosystems which is highly

desirable in order to get rid of passwords and smart

References

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