DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS
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Transcript of DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS
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DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS
• Where are the groundwater basin boundaries ?• Where does the water go ?• How long does it take to get there ?• What happens along the way ?
Questions Answered By Tracing
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DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS
• Monitoring Locations and Reconnaissance• Background Determination• Dye Injection• Dye Monitoring• Dye Analyses
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Fluorescent Dyes
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Dye Properties
• Non-Toxic• Soluble in water – thus easy to introduce• Unmistakably detectable at extremely low
concentrations• Durable in the aquifer environment• Easily quantified• A proven record of use in karst aquifers• Inexpensive to obtain and analyze
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Activated Carbon Dye Receptors
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Monitoring Locations
• Springs• Streams• Cave Streams and Karst Windows • Production/Domestic Wells• Monitoring Wells
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A Typical Monitoring Scheme
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Reconnaissance Essentials
• Search for springs along streams surrounding the site.
• Search for springs in stream valleys across the adjacent divide from the site.
• Select stream monitoring sites to insure that hidden springs will be monitored.
• Look for streams in caves.• Assess nearby wells of all types.• Look for dye introduction points that bracket the
site.
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A Typical Monitoring Scheme
24 Springs19 Stream Locations3 Domestic Wells6 Monitoring Wells
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Dye Background Determination
• One week exposure for dye receptors (typical)
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Dye Background Determination
• One week exposure for dye receptors (typical)• Two sampling rounds (exchanges) are usual
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Dye Background Determination
• One week exposure for dye receptors (typical)• Two sampling rounds (exchanges) are usual• Analyze for all potentially useful fluorescent
dyes
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Dye Background Determination
• One week exposure for dye receptors (typical)• Two sampling rounds (exchanges) are usual• Analyze for all potentially useful fluorescent
dyes
• Choose the dye to be used for tracing based upon dye background and dye properties
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Dye InjectionSinking Stream
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Dye InjectionBackhoe Trench
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Dye InjectionSinkhole
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Dye InjectionWell
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Dye Injection via Well
Don’t pour it in like this
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Dye Injection via Well
Because when you add the necessary water……
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Dye Injection via Well
You will get this !
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Dye Injection via Well
Stagnant Dye Mass
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Well Injection System
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Dye Injection via Well
Tremi TubeThe Tremi Method
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Dye Injection via Well
Tremi Tube
Upward Flush With Potable Water
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Dye Injection via Well
Tremi Tube
Upward Flush With Potable Water
Downward Flush With Potable Water
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Dye Monitoring
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Dye Monitoring
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Dye Monitoring
• Always exchange dye receptors NEVER remove them
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Dye Monitoring
• Always exchange dye receptors NEVER remove them
• Typical intervals are weekly or bi-weekly
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Dye Monitoring
• Always exchange dye receptors NEVER remove them
• Typical intervals are weekly or bi-weekly• Disposable gloves are typically worn
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Dye Monitoring
• Always exchange dye receptors NEVER remove them
• Typical intervals are weekly or bi-weekly• Disposable gloves are typically worn • Transport of dye receptors is by express at
ambient temperature
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Dye Monitoring
• Always exchange dye receptors NEVER remove them
• Typical intervals are weekly or bi-weekly• Disposable gloves are typically worn • Transport of dye receptors is by express at
ambient temperature • Water samples are often used as to provide
additional custody assurance
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Dye Analyses
• Synchronous spectrofluorophotometry is the standard analytical technique
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Dye Analyses
• Synchronous spectrofluorophotometry is the standard analytical technique
• Modern instruments provide part-per-trillion sensitivity for fluorescent dyes
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Dye Analyses
• Synchronous spectrofluorophotometry is the standard analytical technique
• Modern instruments provide part-per-trillion sensitivity for fluorescent dyes
• Activated carbon dye receptors provide 400 to 1000 fold increase in dye concentration relative to the concentration in the ambient water
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Dye AnalysesLaboratory Protocol
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Washing
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Drying
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Weighing
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Elution
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Elution
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Analysis
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Analysis
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Analysis
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There’s No Truth Like TTRRAACCEERR Truth
Quinlan, 85
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End
Part 3