DW WASH Cluster – Emergency Training DW1 1 Disaster Waste in Emergencies Session 1 What is...

DW1 1

DWWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

Disaster Waste in Emergencies

Session 1

What is Disaster Waste?

DW1 2


What is Disaster Waste ?

Abnormal generation of waste resulting from a natural disaster or

conflict

DW1 3


Types of Disaster Waste• Sediment, soil and vegetation• Hazardous wastes• Building debris• Household possessions• Relief waste such as packaging• Unexploded ordnance and military vehicles• Healthcare waste• Waste from:

– internally displaced people [IDP] camps– relief workers accommodation– host community / municipal waste

DW1 4


Different Disasters

Different disasters are likely to generate different types of waste:•Tsunami: Vegetation, human and animal remains, building debris, municipal, camp and from relief operations

•Earthquake: building debris, healthcare

•Floods: households goods, healthcare, animal carcasses, camp

•Hurricanes/Typhoons: similar to floods + building debris and vegetation

•Post-conflict: destroyed buildings, military hardware, unexploded ordnance (UXO), depleted uranium (DU), camp and from relief operations

DW1 5


Why is Waste Management Important ?

• Protect public health• Protect environment and

reduce risks• Opportunity for saving

costs / income generation• Support sustainable

livelihoods• Ensure all wastes and

necessary approvals covered• Reduce future risks and

liabilities• Ensure proper Health &

Safety for workers

DW1 6


Managing Disaster Waste

• Waste management is a multiple cluster and Waste management is a multiple cluster and cross-sector issue – health, construction, cross-sector issue – health, construction, municipal services, financial, industry, municipal services, financial, industry, tourism.tourism.

• Important that all stakeholders have an Important that all stakeholders have an appreciation of waste threats and challenges appreciation of waste threats and challenges but also of opportunities.but also of opportunities.

DW1 7


Managing Disaster WasteManaging Disaster Waste

• When planning for camp and host When planning for camp and host community general and household community general and household waste ensure:waste ensure:

• All stakeholders are involved to ensure cultural and social norms specific to the context are considered.

• Work is closely coordinated with Community Mobilisers / Public Health Promotion staff for effective information collection & dissemination

• Beneficiaries are involved in collection and maintenance activities from the beginning

DW1 8


Disaster Waste Generation Phases

Source: MSB “Disaster Waste Management Framework” Dec 2008

DW1 9


Typical Disaster Waste SourcesTypical Disaster Waste Sources

Damaged and Destroyed

Agriculture Areas

Organic Matter• Soft organics (leaves, fruit)• Wood (trunks, branches,

coconut husks)• Soil with high conductivity

Hazard Waste from flooded storage areas• Fertilizer• Pesticides• Engine Oil and batteries from service stations

Source: DWR “Disaster Waste Management Plan Workshop” State of Tabasco Jan 2008

DW1 10


Damaged and Destroyed Buildings

Construction and Demolition Waste

Metal• Roof Sheets, Cable, Cupper• White Metal Goods, Car

wrecks

Hazard Waste• Asbestos Roof Sheets• Electronic Equipment,

Refrigerants from Resorts

Household Related Waste Wood

• untreated Wood• treated Wood


DW1 11


General Municipal & Household Waste

Municipal / Household Wastes• Food waste• Packaging including tins, bottles and wrappings• Plastics, paper and cardboard• Glass• Etc.


DW1 12


Relief Related Waste

Camp Related Waste• household related waste• leachate through shoreline dumping• no segregation• no controlled storage / dumping

Reconstruction Related Waste Reconstruction

Activities• wood• demolition waste• packaging of construction

materialsSource: DWR “Disaster Waste Management Plan Workshop” State of Tabasco Jan 2008

DW1 13


DW1

HAZARDOUS WASTEHAZARDOUS WASTE

Waste is hazardous when it contains properties that might

make it harmful to our health or the environment

DW1 14


Main Components of Hazard WasteEngine Oil – Waste Oil Electronic Equipment

Asbestos Oil Contaminated SoilBatteries

Fertilizer & Pesticides Health Care Waste

DW1 15


ASBESTOS: DefinitionASBESTOS: Definition

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that has been in use on a commercial scale for about 150 years•Ideal for:

o Fireproofingo Insulating material

•Hazardous to human health if inhaledo fibres enter lungs

Asbestos Fibre

DW1 16


ASBESTOS: Common UsesASBESTOS: Common Uses

Sprayed asbestos and lagging

Asbestos cement

Asbestos insulating board

The major uses for asbestos materials in buildings are:

DW1 17


What is Health Care Waste ? What is Health Care Waste ?

WHO:

All waste from a health care facility that includes both potential infectious waste and non-infectious waste materials

DW1 18


Infectious Health Care Waste Infectious Health Care Waste

WHO:

• Infectious sharps: syringes or other needles, blades, infusion sets, broken glass or other items that can cause direct injury

• Infectious non-sharps: materials that have been in contact with human blood or its derivatives

DW1 19


Infectious Health Care WasteInfectious Health Care Waste

• bandages, swabs or items soaked with blood

• isolation wastes from highly infectious patients - including food residues

• used and obsolete vaccine vials

• bedding and other contaminated materials infected with human pathogens

• Human excreta from patients are also included in this category

DW1 20


What is What is NotNot Infectious Infectious Health Care Waste ?Health Care Waste ?

• materials that have not been in contact with patients such as paper and plastic packaging, metal, glass or other wastes - similar to household wastes.

DW1 21


What is Debris ?• Clean Rubble

o Concreteo Brickso Rockso Woodo Plastero Metalo Papero Plastico Tiles

• Hazardous Materialso Asbestoso Heavy metals (i.e. lead

in piping)o Painto Adhesiveso Contaminated soil, etc.o Can contaminate the

whole waste stream

Rubble for recovery needs to be clean of contaminants and hazardous materials

DW1 22


Mixed RubbleMixed RubbleMixed Rubble cannot be readily recovered and will require additional work to segregate such items as timber, plastics etc.:

Timber

Plastics

Furnishings

DW1 23


Sources of RubbleSources of Rubble

Rubble clean-up

Demolition of buildings

Repair of buildings

Demolition of bridges

Rehabilitation of roads

Construction waste

DW1 24


• Removal of rubble provides access for Search & Rescue

• Removal of waste reduces public health risks

• Identification and proper handling of hazardous waste protects communities from health risks

• Waste factors in Rapid Environmental Assessments

• Recycling of waste materials supports economic recovery

• Recycling of rubble provides building materials for shelter programmes

• Set foundation for normalising ensuing municipal solid waste management

• Capturing knowledge, data and information during disaster waste response can feed into future disaster preparedness planning

DW1 25


• Emergency Shelter

• Early Recovery

• Logistics

• Camp Coordination/Management

• Education

• Health

• Environment

DW1 26


Challenges

• Co-ordinationCo-ordination• TechnicalTechnical• LogisticsLogistics• Awareness and input of stakeholders (community, Awareness and input of stakeholders (community,

land owners, government)land owners, government)• PolicyPolicy• Integration with long-term sustainable WM Integration with long-term sustainable WM

systemssystems• Human and financial resourcesHuman and financial resources

DW1 27


ThreatsThreats

• Health and Safety: o vegetation, soil, sediment, re-depositedo municipal waste o hazardous (chemicals, oils, asbestos)o healthcare wasteo excretao demolition wasteso relief (IDP) wastes

• Environment

• Livelihoods

DW1 28


Threats: Health and SafetyThreats: Health and SafetyChemical Risks: Chemical Risks: • Direct dermal contact with contaminants (oils, acids)Direct dermal contact with contaminants (oils, acids)

• Inhalation of:Inhalation of: Products of incomplete combustion (dioxins/furans, Products of incomplete combustion (dioxins/furans,

volatilised heavy metals)volatilised heavy metals) Dust (PM10)Dust (PM10) COCO22 asphyxiation in confined spaces (LFG) asphyxiation in confined spaces (LFG) Asbestos fibresAsbestos fibres

• Ingestion of surface/groundwater impacted by leachate Ingestion of surface/groundwater impacted by leachate (high organics, ammonium, heavy metals, trace (high organics, ammonium, heavy metals, trace organics – PCBs, VOCs)organics – PCBs, VOCs)

• Explosion of CHExplosion of CH44 from LFG from LFG

• Nuisance from odours (chemicals or decomposition)Nuisance from odours (chemicals or decomposition)Source: UNEP “Tsunami Waste Management Plan” Workshops 2005

DW1 29


Threats: Health and SafetyThreats: Health and Safety

Biological Risks:Biological Risks:• Dermal contact/ingestion of faecal material/body Dermal contact/ingestion of faecal material/body

fluids (parasitic, enteric and viral) fluids (parasitic, enteric and viral)

• Disease vectors:Disease vectors: Rat excreta – hanta virus, leptospirosis, plague, Rat excreta – hanta virus, leptospirosis, plague,

scrub typhusscrub typhus Mosquitoes – malaria, dengue feverMosquitoes – malaria, dengue fever Flies – bacterial infectionsFlies – bacterial infections

• Nuisance – insects, birds, rodentsNuisance – insects, birds, rodents

Source: UNEP “Tsunami Waste Management Plan” Workshops 2005

DW1 30


Threats: Health and SafetyThreats: Health and Safety

Physical Risks:Physical Risks:

• Collapse of stockpilesCollapse of stockpiles

• Cuts and abrasions from sharp objectsCuts and abrasions from sharp objects

• Uncontrolled fires (spontaneous combustion)Uncontrolled fires (spontaneous combustion)

• Vehicle accidentsVehicle accidents

• Nuisance – plumes, wind or wave-blown Nuisance – plumes, wind or wave-blown litterlitter


DW1 31


Threats: EnvironmentThreats: Environment

Local Environmental Risks:Local Environmental Risks:

• Waste – directly contaminates soils Waste – directly contaminates soils (chemicals and micro-organisms)(chemicals and micro-organisms)

• Leachate – contaminates surface, ground Leachate – contaminates surface, ground and marine waters, results in stress and/or and marine waters, results in stress and/or algal blooms (eutrophication)algal blooms (eutrophication)

• Landfill gas – dieback of vegetationLandfill gas – dieback of vegetation

• Biodiversity - rodent, insect infestationBiodiversity - rodent, insect infestation

• Aesthetics – wind and wave blown litter Aesthetics – wind and wave blown litter Source: UNEP “Tsunami Waste Management Plan” Workshops 2005

DW1 32


Threats: Reconstruction and LivelihoodsThreats: Reconstruction and Livelihoods

• Impedes vehicle, marine and pedestrian access

• Blocks drains/gullies/wells

• Dumping of waste in low-lying agricultural areas (rice paddies) and fish-farming ponds

• Serves as a constant reminder of the disaster

• Acts as magnet for ongoing fly-tipping

• Precludes livelihood recovery

• Harbour and channel blockages prevent resumption of fishing activities and restricts river and marine transport


DW1 33


OpportunitiesOpportunities

• Valuable Resource Material (coral blocks, Valuable Resource Material (coral blocks, concrete, mortar, steel, electrical cable and concrete, mortar, steel, electrical cable and equipment)equipment)

• Recycling of demolition wasteRecycling of demolition waste

• Disaster preparednessDisaster preparedness

• CompostingComposting

• Improved waste managementImproved waste management

• Economic developmentEconomic development

DW1 34


Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development

• Source of income for IDP’s/unemployedSource of income for IDP’s/unemployed

• Direct “cash for work” projectsDirect “cash for work” projects

• supply of equipmentsupply of equipment

• sale of recycled productssale of recycled products

• Trained workers for the implementation of long-term WM systems

• Revenue-generation schemes linked to Revenue-generation schemes linked to long-term sustainable WM systems including:

1. Collection and disposal charges2. Fiscal policy – import duty on aggregates/plastic bottles,

landfill tax3. Promotion – composting, glass bottle return schemes, waste

exchange programmes, financial opportunities for private sector


DW1 35


Improved WM Systems / GovernanceImproved WM Systems / Governance

• Incorporate Incorporate best practice

• Handling of hazardous wastes

• Consistent systems

• Develop long term, sustainable waste management

DW WASH Cluster – Emergency Training DW1 1 Disaster Waste in Emergencies Session 1 What is...

Documents

Transcript of DW WASH Cluster – Emergency Training DW1 1 Disaster Waste in Emergencies Session 1 What is...