DV25-01

w&m;r½Iaompdwfudk &m*xdk;azmuf zsufqD;Ekdifaomfvnf;

w&m;aumif;pGm ½IyGm;aompdwfudk rxdk;azmuf rzsufqD;EkdifLust pierces the heart of the undeveloped

But those of the deveoped

pmrsufESm 25 okdY

Comforting wisdom for life

à raumif;ojzih f rd k;xm;aom tdrfud k rd k;a&aygufonf 0ifa&mufxd k;azmuf

EkdifouJhodk Y? xdk Ytwl 0dyóem½IyGm;rIr&Sdaom pdwfudk udavom&m*onf xdk;azmuf

zsufqD;Ek dif\/

à Even as rain penetrates an ill-thatched house. so does lust penetratean undeveloped mind.

t&SifeE´rax&f0w¬K

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf om0wd¬jynf aZw0ef

ausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk;pHaeawmfrlpOf? t&SifeE´

rax&fud k taMumif;jyKí þokwåEÅyd#u ck'´u

edum,f0if? "r®y' ygVdawmf? ,ru0*fvm? eEax¬&0w¬K?

*gxmtrSwf(13)? (14)wdkYudk a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/

*gxm(13),xm t*g&H 'kpäEéH? 0k|Dorwd0dZÑwd

{0H tbm0dwH pdwåH? &ma*gorwd 0dZÑwd/

Nidrf;csrf;OD;

=Nandatthera VatthuYatha- aga-ram

. ducchannam

.-

vut.t.hi samati vijjhatiEvam

. abha-vitam cittam-

ra-go samati rijjhati 13Yatha- aga-ram

. succhannam-

vut.t.hi samati vijjhatiEvam

. subha-vitam cittam-

ra-go na samativijjhati 14Even as rain penetrates an ill-thatched house

q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmifq&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif

q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmifq&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif

q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif

\\

\\

\

tjrifrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;tjrifrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;

tjrifrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;tjrifrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;

tjrifrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;

ESif h tawG;tjrifpmpkrsm;rSESif h tawG;tjrifpmpkrsm;rS

ESif h tawG;tjrifpmpkrsm;rSESif h tawG;tjrifpmpkrsm;rS

ESif h tawG;tjrifpmpkrsm;rS

b0[lonf ½kyf? emrf? cEmwdkYjzihf

z G J Upnf;xm;aom "r®tpkta0;jzpf\/

odkY&mwGif b0ukdMunhfaomtcg ½kyf? emrf?

cEmrsm;\ tpkta0;tjzpf jrifonfvnf;

&Sd\/ yk*¾Kdvf owå0grsm;tjzpf jrifonfvnf;

&Sd\/ xkdtjrifESpfrsKd;wGif wpfckaom tjrif

rSm tEkavmr½Iaxmihft& jzpfaom tjrif

jzpf\/ tjcm;wpfckaomtjrifrSm y#davmr

½Iaxmihft&jrifaom tjrifjzpf\/ tjrif

om ESpfrsKd;uGJjym;oGm;aomfvnf; Munhfp&m

uawmh ESpfrsKd;r[kwf/ wpfckwnf; jzpf\/

,if; wpfckwnf;um; b0jzpf\/ b0

[lonf ½kyfemrf cE¨mwdkY\ tpkta0;jzpf

\/

odk Y&mwGif b0udk tEkavmr

½Iaxmifh t& Munhfygu yk*¾Kdvfowå0gtjzpf

jrif\/ ½kyfemrfcEmtjzpf rjrif/ tEkavmr

½Iaxmihft& Munhfjcif;[lonfrSm yyÍö

rsufpdjzihf Munhfjcif;jzpf\/ yyÍörsufpd[l

onfrSm wPSmrsufpd? rmersufpd? 'd|drsufpd

jzpf\/ xkdYaMumihf b0udk wPSmrsufpdjzihf

Munhfaomtcg b0onf wyfrufp&mjzpf

\/ b0ukd rmersufpdjzihf Munhfaomtcg

b0onf rmef0ifp&mjzpf\/ b0udk 'd|d

rsufpdjzihfMunhfaomtcg b0onf tm;ukd;

p&mjzpf\/ xkd YaMumif h vlwdk Yonf rdrd

wdkY\b0ukd wyfrufMujcif;jzpf\/ rdrdwdkY\

b0ESihf ywfoufvQif rmexm;Mujcif;jzpf\/

rdrdwdkY\b0ukd tm;ukd;Mujcif;jzpf\/

Nidrf;csrf;OD; jyKpkwifjyonf/

2

"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

VOW

'kdYwm0efta&;oHk;yg;

- jynfaxmifpk rNydKuJGa&; 'kdYta&;

- wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrI rNydKuJGa&; 'kdYta&;

- tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhckdifNrJa&; 'kdYta&;

jynfolYoabmxm;

- jynfytm;ukd;ykqdef½kd;tqkd;jrif0g'Drsm;tm;qefYusifMu

- EkdifiHawmf wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifh EkdifiHawmfwkd;wufa&;ukd

aESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu

- EkdifiHawmf\ jynfwGif;a&;ukd 0ifa&mufpGufzuf

aESmifh,Sufaom jynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu

- jynfwGif;? jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf

owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu

EkdifiHa&; OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf

- EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf

w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;/

- trsKd;om; pnf;vkH;nDñTwfrI ckdifrma&;/

- pnf;urf;jynhf0aom 'Drkdua&pDpepf &Sifoefckdifrmatmif

wnfaqmufa&;/

- zGJhpnf;ykH tajccHOya'ESihftnD acwfrD zGHUNzKd;wkd;wufaom

EkdifiHawmfopf wnfaqmufa&;/

pD;yGm;a&; OD;wnfcsuf(4)csuf

- pkdufysKd;a&;ukd ykdrkdzGHUNzKd;wdk;wufatmif aqmif&GufNyD;

acwfrDpufrI EkdifiHxlaxmifa&;ESihf tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;

u@rsm;uk dvnf; bufpk Hz G H U Nz K d ;wd k ;wufatmif

wnfaqmufa&;/

- aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGm jzpfay:vma&;/

- jynfwGif;jynfyrS twwfynmESihf t&if;tESD;rsm;

zdwfac:í pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzKd;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;/

- EkdifiHawmf\ pD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvkH;ukd zefwD;EkdifrIpGrf;

tm;onf EkdifiHawmfESihf wkdif;&if;om;jynfolwdkY\

vuf0,fwGif&Sda&;/

vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

- wpfrsKd;om;vkH;\ pdwf"gwfESihf tusihfpm&dwå jrihfrm;a&;/

- trsKd;*kPf? Zmwd*kPf jrihfrm;a&;ESihf ,Ofaus;rItarG

tESpfrsm;? trsKd;om;a&;vu©Pmrsm raysmufysuf

atmif xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufa&;/

- ppfrSefaom rsKd;cspfpdwf"gwfjzpfonhf jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwf

&Sifoefxufjrufa&;/

- wpfrsKd;om;vkH; usef;rmBuHUckdifa&;ESihf ynm&nfjrihfrm;a&;/

Aka'¨gaAma",sHAka'¨gaAma",sHAka'¨gaAma",sHAka'¨gaAma",sHAka'¨gaAma",sH

opömw&m;ukdigodovkd?

a0ae,swkdYodap&rnf

rkawåmarmap,sHrkawåmarmap,sHrkawåmarmap,sHrkawåmarmap,sHrkawåmarmap,sHb0taESmiftzJG hrS igvGwfovkd a0ae,swkdY

vGwfap&rnf

wdaPÖmwma&,sHwdaPÖmwma&,sHwdaPÖmwma&,sHwdaPÖmwma&,sHwdaPÖmwma&,sHoHo&m0J*,ufrS igul;ajrmufEkdifovkda0ae,swkdY ul;ajrmufapEkdif&rnf

"r®0D&*sme,fMo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm;Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm;Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm;Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm;Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm;1/ t*¾r[my@dw b' E å ukrm&'kwd,ygarmu©csKyfq&mawmf(pDrH)

2/ t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b' EåaZmwdu(M.A)

'kwd,ygarmu©csKyfq&mawmf(ynm)tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf

3/t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'gufwmb' Eåax&dE(Ph.D)

yd#uwfqkdif&mygVdpmayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf4/t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b' Eåy@dwmbd0Ho(M.A)

okwå Eåyd#uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf5/r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b' Eåokre(M.A)

Ak'a'oemjyefhyGm;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf6/t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw a'gufwmb'EÅynm0Ho(Ph.D)

armfuGef;xdef;q&mawmfpmwnf;csKypmwnf;csKypmwnf;csKypmwnf;csKypmwnf;csKyff ff f

r[mo'r®aZmwdu"Z wuúokdvfoQifoD&d("r®mp&d,? bDat)

pmwnf;tzJpmwnf;tzJpmwnf;tzJpmwnf;tzJpmwnf;tzJGG GG G Y ? Y ? Y ? Y ? Y ? jynfpkd;? "r®xufukd

pDrHa&;&m?pDrHa&;&m?pDrHa&;&m?pDrHa&;&m?pDrHa&;&m? NzdK;rmrm

xxxxxkk kk kwfwfwfwfwf a0a0a0a0a0 olololololwifpkd;(NrJ -04266) vIdifMunfjzL "r®0D&pmaywkdufESifh

'D*spfw,fpmMunfhwkduf

tjyiftqif uGefysLwmtjyiftqif uGefysLwmtjyiftqif uGefysLwmtjyiftqif uGefysLwmtjyiftqif uGefysLwmNzdK;NzdK;Zmjcnf? jrwfEkd;ykdif? ,Gef;av;i,f

jzef Ycs da&;jzef Ycs da&;jzef Ycs da&;jzef Ycs da&;jzef Ycs da&;atmifoef;aZmfatmifoef;aZmfatmifoef;aZmfatmifoef;aZmfatmifoef;aZmf

vIdifMunfjzL"r®0D&pmaywkdufzkef;- 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208

rkd;aumif;uifpmay?trSwf(134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)?

ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKUY/zkef;-01-253255

xGef;OD;pmay(rEÅav;) zkef; 02-39801

yH kES dy fyH kE S dy fyH kE S dy fyH kE S dy fyH kE S dy f

wifatmif0if;? bkd;&mZmykHESdyfwkduftrSwf(162)? (45)vrf;? AkdvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f/

zvifzvifzvifzvifzvif

AddressHlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing

HouseHead Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar Info-

Tech,Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St,Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401e-Mail - [email protected]

vIdifMunfjzL "r®0D&pmaywkdufESifh 'D*spfw,fpmMunfhwkduftaqmif(1)? tcef;(6)? jrefrmtifzkdwuf? wuúokdvfrsm; vdIife,fajr

- v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m; - - 20

- t,f'Dwmtmabmf- - - - 3

- OD;oDvmpm& - - - - - - - 5

- a'gufwm eE´rmvmbd0Ho- 4

- r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf

0e0goDaO,s"r®omrd - - - 23

-OD;a&Tatmif

(udk,fusihfAk'¨0ifed'gef;rS)- - - 27

- rkH&GmaeZm - - - - - - - - - 6

- &SifÓP(zsmykH) - - - - - - - 7

-av;tdrfpkt&Sif0dpdwåom&- - 5

- t&SifoZÆemvuFm&-- - - - 9

-OD;0dvmo*¾- - - - - - - - - 11

- t&Sifynm0Ho- - - - - - -15

- ynmEG,f- - - - - - - - - -16

- wuúodkvfoQifoD&d- - - - - 17

-pdk;0if;(acsmuf) - - - - - - - - 19

- Nidrf;csrf;OD; - - - - - - - - - 1

- OD;tkef;BudKif- - - -- - - - - 13

- armifZifa,mf- - - -- - - - 29

- &SifynmaZmw- - - - - - - 33

- udkjirf;- - - - - - - - - - - 30

- "r®c&D;onfwpfOD;- - - - - 35

- cifvSjrwfaxG;- - - - - - - 38

- cifolZmjrihf- - - - - - - - - 32

- "r®0D&oEÅmatmif- - - - - 40

- rif;e&dEm- - - - - - - - - - 37

wkd Y\txl;aqmif;yg;? owif;ESif h

uAsmrsm;/

,cktywf zwfp&m,cktywf zwfp&m,cktywf zwfp&m,cktywf zwfp&m,cktywf zwfp&mu@u@u@u@u@

uavmif&Sifrsm; pmrsufESm

Empire Colour Repro

3

"r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

EDITORIAL

t,f'Dwmt,f'Dwmt,f'Dwmt,f'Dwmt,f'Dwm

tarSmifcGif;í tvif;ud kaqmifMuygpd k YtarSmifcGif;í tvif;ud kaqmifMuygpd k YtarSmifcGif;í tvif;ud kaqmifMuygpd k YtarSmifcGif;í tvif;ud kaqmifMuygpd k YtarSmifcGif;í tvif;ud kaqmifMuygpd k YokacgAk'¨ge rkyÜga'g

okcgo'¨r®a'oem

okcgoHCó omr*D¾

or*¾geH wayg okacg

[laom Ak'w&m;awmft& «(31)bHkwGif usifvnfaeMuukef aom vlewfjA[®mowå0gwdkYonf»

-opömav;yg; w&m;udk trSefodjrifaom bk&m;&SifwdkY ay:xGef;&m tcg

-bk&m;&Sif\ w&m;awmfudk Mum;em&aomtcg

-wynhfom0u oHCmtaygif; udk,fpdwfESpfjzm nDñGwfaeaomtcg

-nDñGwfaom oHCmawmfwdkY rsufarSmufü tjrwfw&m;udk usihfoHk;aomtcg or,ütvGefcsrf;omMuavonf[k Ak'u a[mMum;

vrf;ñTef xm;ygonf/

þw&m;awmfudk &nfñTef;í aus;Zl;&Sif tr&yl& r[m*Em½Hkq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u

]bk&m;&Sifawmf ryGihfay:vQif

olawmftrsm; pdwfaumif;xm;vnf;

þum;ukodkvf tukodkvfESihf

xdkxdkbHkb0 rod&

rsm;vStjypfawG/

bk&m;&Sifawmf yGif hxGef;ay:í

a[mazmfñTefMum; jrwfw&m;aMumih f

þum;ukokdvf tukodkvfESihf

xdkxdkbHkb0 odMu&

rsm;vSaus;Zl;awG}/ [líqHk;rMo0g'ay;xm;cJhygonf/

owå0gwdkY usifvnfaexdkif&m urÇmavmu"mwfü bk&m;&Sifrsm; yGihfaom urÇmu tenf;i,frQom&Sdí bk&m;ryGihfaom

urÇm (okn urÇm)uomvQif ra&rwGufEkdifatmifrsm;vSygonf/

bk&m;ryGihfaom oknurÇmwdkYüum; vlom;wdkYrSm þum; jyKtyfaomtrI? þum;rjyKtyfaomtrI[lí cGJjcm;í rodEkdifukef&

um; aumif;raumif;aom udpörsKd;pHkudk jyKMuukef\/

w&m;onf rw&m;onfrod? aumif;onf raumif;onf em;rvnf? rdrdusifvnf&mb0üom pm;0wfaea&; cHpm;zdkYavmufom

odMuonf/ Oyrm t[dwfwd&pämefawG awmwGif;om;vl½dkif;awG enf;wl usihfoHk;aexdkifMuonf/ rdb q&morm; ½dkaoxdkufol?

oem; n§mwmxdkufol[lí rcGJjcm;rodEkdifawmhay/

xdkrodrI[laom trdkufwdkufMum;0,f prf;w0g;0g;ESihfavQmufvSrf;aeMu&aom owå0gwdkYrSm aoaomtcg tyg,fav;

bHküom tjzpfrsm;Mu&onf/ ewf&Gmok*wd vlkYjynfa&mufolwdkYum; tenf;i,frQom &Sdygonf/

bk&m;&SifwdkY yGihf&mumvü vlewfrsm;pGm owå0gwdkYonf bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;ojzihf ukokdvftrI? tukodkvftrIudk cGJjcm;od&Sdvm

Muonf/ xdkodkY od&SdMuojzihfukokdvftrIjzpfaom 'ge? oDvwdkYudk jyKusihfMuonf/ orx bm0emudk tm;xkwfMuoonf/ aumif;

raumif;a0zefwwfojzihf raumif;rIudka&Smif aumif;rIudk aqmifMuonf/ aovGefygu ewf&Gmok*wdodkYa&mufMu&onf/ tyg,f'k*¾wd

a&mufolu enf;yg;vSygonf/

xdkYaMumihf vlom; tygt0if owå0gtrsm;wdkY onf Ak'yGihf&mtcg? xdkAk'\ w&m;rsm;ruG,fraysmuf xGef;yaeqJ tcgaumif;

ESihf BuHKawGU qHkawGUMum;emae&ygvsuf od&Sdatmif rBudKpm;? od&SdNyD; rusihfBuHMuvQif v,fwDq&mawmf qHk;rouJhodkY

]cGifhomcdkufrS rvdkufcsifvQif trdkufeifhjyif&Sdao;vdrhfvm; qdkouJhodkYjzpf&pfMuvdrfhrnfjzpfaMumif; today;tyfygonf/

4"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE

tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g' Ak'ömoemjyKwuúodkvf

ygarmu©csKyf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

t*¾r[my@dw? t*¾r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw

a'gufwm t&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho(Ph.D)a[mMum;csD;jr§ih fawmfrltyfaom

t&SiftmeE´\ 0dyóemw&m;awmf

t&SiftmeEqdkwm Ak'bmom0ifolawmfpifawGtm;vHk;avmuf

eD;eD; odMuw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU nDawmf0rf;uGJ? jrwfpGmbk&m;udk

tvkyftauR;jyKNyD; {w'*f 5 wefjzihf csD;usL;ajr§mufpm;jcif;cH&wJh yk*¾dKvf

yJ/ &SiftmeE[m omoemawmfrSm tvGefxif&Sm;wJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;

jzpfonhftwGuf &SiftmeE&JUtaMumif;udkawmh odNyD;om;jzpfMuvdrhfr,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m; yxrqHk;tBudrf uydv0wfaejynfawmfodkY <ua&mufwJh

tcgrSm oka'g'erif;BuD;u jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU tNcHt&Htjzpf omuD0if

rif;om;awG &[ef;0wfzdkY wkdufwGef;w,f/ uydv0wfaejynfawmfrSm&SdwJh

omuD0ifrif;om;awG[m jrwfpGmbk&m;aemufawmfu vkdufygNyD;awmh

&[ef;jyKMuw,f/ tJ'DxJr,f &SiftmeEwdkYu tkyfpkwpfpkayhg/ &SiftEk½k'

wdkY? &Sifb'd,wdkY? &SifudrdvwdkY? &SiftmeEwdkYyg0ifwJh omuD0ifrif;om;

(6) a,muf[m jrwfpGmbk&m; uydv0wfuaeNyD; a0omvDjynf <uoGm;

wJhtcg bk&m;aemufvkdufoGm;NyD;awmh ouFef;0wfcJhMuw,f/

NyD;awmh &SiftmeEqdkwm jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU zGm;bufawmfpm&if;

udk ]]tm aAm um , qef a&T uPf}} vdkY twdkaumufvkyfxm;wJh

txJr,f tm qdkwm &SiftmeEudkajymwm/ aAm uawmh aAm"dyifayhg/

um u umVK'g,D? , u ,aom"&m? qef u jrif;awmfcH armifqef?

a&T u a&Ttdk;BuD;av;vHk;? uPf u u@ujrif;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif;

awmf arG;zGm;vmwmeJYwpfNydKifeuf tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfrsm;eJY aAm"dyifwdkY? a&Ttdk;BuD;

wdkYqdkwm jrwfpGmbk&m; arG;zGm;vmwJhaeYrSm pwifay:aygufvmwdkY

zGm;bufawmfvdkY 'DvkdajymMuw,fayhg/ tJ'Dawmh &SiftmeErax&fjrwfu

vnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;eJY zGm;bufawmfqdkawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;eJY oufawmf

&G,fwlvdkY rSwf&r,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m;eJY zGm;bufawmfawGxJu vlom;taeeJY tmeE

&Sdw,f/ umVK'g,D&Sdw,f/ ,aomf"&m&Sdw,f/ qEqdkwJh jrif;awmfcH

trwf&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfawGudk aA'ifq&mawGu ZmwmzGJUMunhfvkduf

r,fqdk&if wpfaeYxJwpfcsdefxJzGm;wmjzpfvdkY ZmwmcGifwlraebl;vm;/

ZmwmcGifwlaewJhtxJr,f od'w¬rif;om;wpfyg;omvQif bk&m;jzpfNyD;

usefwmawG bk&m;rjzpfbl;wJh/ ZmwmcGifwlaew,fqdk&if tukefvHk;

bk&m;jzpf&r,hfudef;ayhgaemf/

tJ'geJYywfoufNyD; q&mawmfBuD;ESpfyg; aqG;aEG;wm Mum;zl;

w,f/ q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;uajymw,f/ bk&m;eJYzGm;bufawmf wpfaeYxJ

wpfcsdefxJzGm;vdkY ZmwmcGifwlwJhyk*¾dKvfawGxJu bk&m;tavmif;omvQif

bk&m;jzpfNyD; usefwJhyk*¾dKvfawGu bk&m;rjzpfbl;wJh/ tJ'DxJrSm u@ujrif;

qkdwJh wd&pämefwpfaumifvnf; ygao;w,fav/ tJ'Dawmh ZmwmcGif

wlvsufom;eJY bmhaMumifh bk&m;rjzpfwmwkef;/ 'gaMumihf aA'ifqdkwm

,Hkp&mr&Sdbl;vdkY q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;uajymw,f/

usefq&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;u ]]udk,fawmfu y&dwfBuD;r&bJeJY

pGmus,fpGmus,fajymraeeJY}} ajymvkdufw,f/ olYudk y&dwfBuD;r&bl; ajym

vkdufawmh tJ'Dq&mawmfu ]][m udk,hfvl ajymygOD;? y&dwfBuD;r&bl;qdk

wm b,fvdkwkef;}} qdkawmh y&dwfBuD;xJygw,f r[kwfvm;/ ]]yla&EÅH

aAm"dorÇma&}} vkdY/ bk&m;jzpfzd k Y&mtwGuf yg&rDawGudk qnf;yl;

tm;xkwfxm;wJ holrS bk&m;jzpfawmhrayhg/ zGm;zufawmfjzpf½H ke J Y

b,fbk&m;jzpfrwkef;/ 'gaMumihf udk,fawmhfudk y&dwfBuD;r&bl;vdk Y

ajymwm/

aA'ifudef;cef;eJYMunfhvkdufr,fqdk&if ZmwmcGifwlae&if tusdK;

ay;jcif; rwloihfbl;vm;/ wloihfayr,hf tJ'DxJrSm yg&rDqdkwm &Sdao;

w,f/ 'DaeY 'D&uf arG;ayr,hfvdkY bk&m;jzpfaMumif; yg&rDw&m;aumif;awG

pkaqmif;xm;wJh yk*¾dKvfrSom bk&m;jzpfEdkifawmhrayhgvdkY ajzowJhaemf/

at;- 'gvJyJ rSwfom;p&m wpfckayhgaemf/

&SiftmeE´ jrwfpGmbk&m;aemufawmfuaevkdufNyD; &[ef;jyK

w,fqdkwJhtcsdefrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u 37 ESpfcefYt&G,frSmayhg/ bk&m;jzpf

wmu 35 ESpft&G,frSm bk&m;jzpfwm/ uydv0wfjynf<uwJhtcgusawmh

37 ESpfqdkygpdkY/ tJ'Dawmh t&SiftmeEu 37 ESpft&G,frSm ouFef;0wf

w,f/ &Sifa'0'wfwdkY? &SiftEk½k'wdkY? &Sifb'd,wdkYeJY twlwuGxGufvmMu

NyD; bk&m;xH ouFef;0wfMuw,f/ tJ'Dvdk ouFef;0wfwJhtcg &SiftmeE

[m yxr0gwGif;rSmyJ aomwmyefjzpfoGm;w,f/

&SiftmeE bmaMumifh aomwmyefjzpfoGm;ovJ? b,folYw&m;

emNyD; aomwmyefjzpfoGm;ovJvdkY yd#uwfpmay &SmazGMunhf½IwJhtcg

oH,kwåedum,frSm tmeEókwfqdkwm&Sdw,f/ tJ'DtmeEókwfrSm

&SiftmeEu olYtaMumif; oljyefajymxm;w,f/ olbmjzpfvdkY b,folY

w&m;emNyD;awmh aomwmyefjzpfw,fqdkwJhtaMumif; oljyefa[mxm;

w,f/

&SiftmeE om0w¬djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfrSm oDwif;oHk;ae

wJhtcsdef "r®uxdut&mrSm {w'*f&wJh &SifykPÖqdkwm&Sdw,f/ rEÅmPD

ykaPÖ;r&JUom;jzpfwJh &SifykPÖ/ [dkokemy&EÅrSm omoemjyKwJh &SifykPÖu

wpfyg;? tck 'DrEÅmPdykwåykPÖqdkwm "r®uxdut&mrSm {w'*f&w,f/

olu uydv0wfNrdKUom;/ "r®pMumw&m;OD;emNyD;awmh yxrOD;qHk;aom

aomwmyefjzpfoGm;wJh t&Sifaum@n&JUwlawmfw,f/ tifrwef xl;cRef

xufjrufwJh yk*¾dKvfwpfyg;/ tJ'D&SifykPÖ&JUw&m;udk emNyD;awmh &SiftmeE

aomwmyefjpzfw,f/

&SiftmeEu &[ef;awGudk jyefajymjyw,f/ ]]igh&SifwdkY? t&SifykPÖ

[m wdkYtzdkY tvGefaus;Zl;BuD;rm;wJh yk*¾dKvfyJ/ wdkYvdk omoemhabmif

0ifvmcgp &[ef;i,fawGtwGuf tifrwefrStm;udk;&wJhyk*¾dKvfyJ/

pmrsufESm 8 odkY

5

"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

Ak'*Dwdum

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;)

q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

WITH DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

b0vrf;ñTef 38- jzm r*Fvmrdwfquf

1234567890123456789012345678912345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567891234567890123456789012345678912345678901234567890123456789

av;tdrfpk t&Sif0dpdwåom&

om&dykwåaw¦& 0w¦K

Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf &mZN*Kd[fjynf

a0VK0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg

r,fawmf om&DykaPÖ;rBuD; usdefqJonfudk

onf;cHawmfrlaom om&dykwå&mrax&fukd

taMumif;jyKí ]]tauúm"eH 0w0EÅH}} ponfukd

a[mawmfrlonf/

tauúm"eH 0w0EÅH?

oDv0EÅH tEkó'H/

'EÅH tEÅdrom&D&H?

wr[H jALrd jAm[®PH/

jrefrmuAsm

trsufxGufuif; usihfjcif;"lwif?

oDvvnf;&Sd uyfNiduif;pif?

,Ofaus;qkH;r b0qkH;yif?

xkdolrS jAm[®P trnfwGif/

He who is not wrathful, but isdutiful, virtuous, not moistened withcraving, controlled, and bears his finalbody, him I call a brahmana.pum;ajy/ / trsufxGufjcif;r&Sd? oDv

jzLpif "lwifusihfum pGJvrf;uyfNid wPSmvnf;

r&Sd? £a`E&& ,Ofaus;vSí (oHo&murf;xdyf

pcef;ydwfojzihf) tqkH;pGefaomukd,f&Sdaom

yk*¾Kdvfjrwfukd jAm[®P[k igbk&m; a[mMum;

awmfrl\/

(15) "r®p&d,mp

okp½kdufw&m;udk usihfyg?

udk,fusihfw&m; rysufjym;ygapeJY/

(15) Dhammacariya- caPractice moral conductProtect good character

BuD;yGm;csrf;omvdkolwdkif;rSm&S d&rnhf

(15) ckajrmuf t&nftcsif;

(15) "r®p&d,m p

okp½dkufw&m;udk usih fjcif;

trSefw&m;? okp½d kufw&m;ud k

usihfoHk;Edkifjcif;? trSefw&m;bufrS &yfwnf

Ed kifjcif;onfvnf; BuD;yGm;csrf;omvdkol

wdkif;rSm &Sdxm;&rnhf t&nftcsif;aumif;

wpfck (=r*Fvmwpfyg;) jzpfonf/

vlvdr ®m ? vlawm fvlaumi f ;

rsm;onf w&m;udkusihfoHk;Mu\/ w&m;bufrS

&yfwnfMu \/ vlrkduf? vlnHh? vlqdk;rsm;um;

rw&m;rIudk jyKvkyfMu\/ rw&m;onhfbufrS

&yfwnfMu\/

olYtoufudkrowfjcif;? olYtouf

udk &SifcGifhay;jcif;onf w&m;\/ olYtouf

udkowfjcif;? olYtoufudk wdkatmifvkyfjcif;

onf rw&m;ay/ olYOpömudk wnfNrJapjcif;

onf w&m;\/ olYOpömudk cdk;,lvk,ufjcif;

onf rw&m;ay/ rSefrSefuefuef ajymqdkjcif;

onf w&m;\/ vdrfnmajymqdkjcif;onf

rw&m;ay/ t&ufaopm rl;,pfaq;0g;udk

a&Smif&Sm;jcif;onf w&m;\/ aomufpm;

rl;,pfjcif;onf rw&m;ay/

þodkY ponfjzihf w&m; ("r®) ESihf

rw&m; (t"r ®) [lí E Sp fr s d K ;p D& S d&m

w&m;usihfolonf w&m;"r®bufrS &yfwnf

\/ w&m;"r® udk usihfoHk;\/ rw&m; t"r®udk

½Iwfcs\/ w&m;usihfolonf ]]b,folw&m;

ysufy suf ud k, frysufE Si h f } } [laom

pum;twdkif; w&m;"r®bufü &yfwnfojzihf

udk,fusihfw&m;aumif;aomaMumihf vltrsm;

\ ,HkMunfrI? av;pm;rIudk cH& \/ trsm;\

ulnDapmifha&SmufrIudk &&Sd\/ odk Y jzpfí

BuD;yGm;csrf;om\/ w&m;rusihfol t"r®

orm;um; w&m;ysufí udk,fusihfw&m;

raumif;aomaMumihf vltrsm;\ txifao;

rI ½IwfcsrIcH&\/ ulnD apmifha&SmufrIudk

r&&Sday/ odkYjzpfí rBuD;yGm;rcsrf;omay/

oifonf r dr d\atmi f jri fr I

oufwrf;udk &SnfapvdkonfjzpftHh/ w&m;"r®

bufrS tNrJ &yfwnfygav/ 0g- w&m;"r®udk

tNrJwrf; usihfoHk;ygav/

"r®p&d,m? r*Fvm? udk,frSmuif;cJhvQif/

avmursufarSmuf? *kPfn§dK;avmuf? qdkufa&muf

tjypfjrif/

aemufaemifrSmvJ? 0#fqif;&J? &SnfNrJrkcsyif/

w&m;apmifhrS? w&m;u? ab;rSu,frnfxif/

þvdkpOf;pm;? udk,fusihfyGm;? w&m;apmihfapcsif/

-r*FvmhtjrLaw/

uav;wdkYa&...

vlqdkwm udk,fusih fw&m;aumif;zd k Y

ta&;BuD;w,fuG,fh/ udk,fusihfw&m;raumif;

wJ hol[m olrsm;ud kvnf; 'ku©a&mufapNyD;

olYudk,folvnf; 'ku©a&mufatmif zefwD;aeol

jzpfw,fuG,fh/ vleJYwd&pämefudk pnf;jcm;xm; wm

udk,fusih fw&m;yJ/ udk,fusih fw&m;raumif;

wJhol[m vltppfr[kwfbl;? vlYwd&pämefuG,fh/

vlYud k,fusif hw&m;uawmh wpfjcm;

r[kwfygbl;/ ig;yg;oDveJY vlom;qkdif&m rdb

usihf0wf pwmawGygyJuG,f/

"r®ygvZmwfawmfrSm "r®ygv&Gmol

&Gmom;awG[m ig;yg;oDvvHkMuw,f/ rdbusihf

0wf? om;orD;usihf0wf? vihfusihf0wf? r,m;usihf

0wf pwmawGeJY jynhfpHkMuw,f/ tJ'DvdkjynhfpHk

MuvdkY toufwpf&mrjynhfcif aowJhol&,fvdkY

r&Sdbl;wJh/ udk,hfu w&m;apmihfawmh w&m;u

udk,hfudk touf&Snfatmif jyefapmihfwmayhg

uG,f/

'gaMumihf? uav;wdk Yvnf; vlom;

pifppfjzpfatmif udk,fa&molyg ESpfOD;om;pvHk;

udk apmifha&SmufNyD;om;jzpfatmif ig;yg;oDvudk

vnf; vHkNcHKatmif xdef;&r,f/ om;orD;usihf0wf

pwmawGeJYvnf; jynhfpHkatmif aeMu&r,faemf/

(15)

r*Fvm r*Fvm?

38 jzm r*Fvm/

q,hfig;r*Fvm a[mñTefMum;?

"r®p&d, r*Fvmw&m;/

w&m;apmihfxm; xdkolrSm?

w&m;u jyefíapmihfrnfom/

[dka&S;tcg "r®ygv?

w&m;apmifhí touf&SnfMu/

ouf&SnfvdkvS nDav;i,f?

okp½dkufw&m; usihfyguG,f/

okp½dkuf"r® usihfygrS/

vlom;pifppf jzpfr,fy/

av;tdrfpk t&Sif0dpdwåom&

6"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

tvSL'gejyKMu&m0,f (13)

rk H&GmaeZm

(u)

]o'gw&m;} udk ,HkMunfrIbmomjyef½Hk

eJ Y rvHkavmufygbl;/ bmjzpfvdk YvJqdkaomf

,HkMunfrIqdkwm tm;vHk;eJYoufqdkifaevdkYygyJ/

,HkMunfrIqdkwm bmoma&;,HkMunfrIwGifom

uGufNyD;ajymvdkYr&aybl;/ pD;yGm;a&;orm;uvnf;

pD;yGm;a&;twGuf ,HkMunfrI? ynma&;orm;u

vnf; ynma&;twGuf ,HkMunfrI? EdkifiHa&;orm;

uvnf; EdkifiHa&;twGuf ,HkMunfrI? tEkynm

orm;uvnf; tEkynmtwGuf ,HkMunfrI

pojzihf olYe,fy,feJYol? olYtvTmeJYol ,HkMunfrI

qdkwm trsdK;rsdK;tpm;pm; uGJjym;jcm;empGm &Sdae

ayvdrhfr,f/

- o'¨[evu©Pm o'¨g-

o'¨gw&m;[m ,HkMunfjcif;vu©Pm&Sdw,f/

- yu©E´e&om- oHo&mr S

ul;ajrmufjcif; ]&o} &Sdw,f/

- tumvkod,ypö Ky|mem-

tajccHtaMumif;w&m;uawmh MunfndKzG,f

jzpfwJ h bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemjrwf

oH;kyg;ygyJ/

],H k Munf} qk dwm a0g[m&udku

azmfjyaeygw,f/

],Hk} rSom ]Munf} vifEdkifayr,f/

bmyJjzpfjzpf b,fae&myJjzpfjzpf

b,fudpöyJjzpfjzpf ,HkMunfcsufuawmh ta&;

tBuD;qHk;ygyJ/ t"duygyJ/ atmifjrifa&;twGuf

,HkMunfcsuf[maomhcsufygyJ/

(c)

]o'¨gw&m;} qdkwJh ,HkMunfcsufudk

o½kyfcGJwJhtcg o'gw&m; (4) yg; xGuf&Sdvm

ayw,f/

o'¨gw&m; (4) yg;-

(1) tm*ro'g- Ak'¨bk&m;&SifwdkY&JUoEÅmefrSm

jzpfay:wJho'¨gw&m;

(2) t"d*ro'g- &[EÅm? t&d,mwdkY&JU o'g

w&m;/

(3) MouyÜeo'¨g- bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm

&wemoHk;yg;tay:rSm txl;av;pm;tm;xm;

,HkMunf jcif;/

(4) yom'o'¨g- &wemoH k ;yg ;ud k

Munfnd K½ H kr Q- ,H k Munf½ H kr Qomjzp faom

o'gw&m;wdkYyJjzpfw,f/

trSwf (1) (2) (3) jy o'gw&m;awG

[m rysufjym;wJh ,HkMunfrIawGyg/ cdkifrmw,f/

eHygwf (4) jzpfwJh yom'o'g ½dk;½dk;,HkMunfrIrsdK;

uawmh rckdifrmygbl;/ taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm

tajctaetcsdeftcgtm;avsmfpGm ysufjym;

wwfygw,f/

rdrd&JU&if;ES D;wJ h qGrf;'umwpfOD;

taMumif;udk tvsOf;oihfovdkajymjyygOD;r,f/

ESpfOD;ESpf0 q&m-'um? 'um-q&m owdjyKMu

p&m oifcef;pm,lzG,f&maumif;ygojzih f

wifjy &jcif;jzpfygw,f/ qGrf;'um&if;[m

uG,fvGef oGm;MuwJh rdbrsm;udk&nfrSef;NyD;

ESpfpOfESpfwk dif; wpfESpf? ESpf BudrfqGrf;uyf

vSLavh&S dayw,f/ e,kefvjynhfaeYwpfBudrf

c&pfprwfaeY ('DZifbm v-25 &ufaeY)

wpfBudrf/

ESpfy&dapä' tawmfMumygw,f/ (10)

ESpfavmuf&Sdr,fxifygw,f/ wpfckaom e,kef

vjynhfaeY qGrf;uyfrSmawmh rdrdrSm rvTJra&Smif

omwJh w&m;a[may;&rSmjzpfwJh qGrf;uyfwpfck

rjzpfrae<uoGm;cJh&ygw,f/ qGrf;uyfr,hftdrf

uvnf; cyfa0;a0;? t½kPfqGrf;uyf? oDvay;?

w&m;a[ma&pufcsomru bk&m;taeuZm

wifvnf;yg0ifavawmh tcsdefMumoGm;ygw,f/

eHeuf 6;30 em&Davmuf jzpfoGm;w,f/

tJ'DtcsdeftwGif;rSm pdwfapmaewJh

oGm;p&mudpövnf;&SdaewJh rdrd&JUqGrf;'um&if;

[m rdrdausmif;udk oHk;acgufavmuf vmaxmuf

ygowJh/ aemufqHk;tacgufrSmawmh ]]qGrf;ruyf

awmhbl;}} vdkYajymoGm;wJhtaMumif; wynhfawG&JU

avQmufxm;csuft& od&ygawmhw,f/

wpfESpfrSmESpfBudrf qGrf;uyfaeus

'um&if;[m tJ'Dtcsdef (2005 ckESpf) upNyD;

qGrf;vnf;ruyfawmhyg/ ausmif;od k Yt0if

txGufr&Sd? wHk;wd tquftoG,fjywfoGm;wm

[m ,aeYtxdygyJ/

r dr du r dr dc s d K U, Gi f ;c su ftwGuf

w,fvDzkef;eJYwpfcg? pma&;NyD;wpfzef awmif;yef

pum;ajymMum;jcif; a&;om;ay;ydkYjcif;jyKygao;

w,f/ odkYaomfvnf; tpGJBuD;wJhpdwfqdk;oGm;wJh

qGrf;'um[m cGihfvTwfEdkifpGrf;r&Sdygbl;/ onf;cH

EdkifpGrf;r&Sdawmhygbl;/

'Dawmhum-

ajymvdkwmu eHygwf (4) trsdK;tpm;

jzpfwJh ykxkZOfwdkY&JU MunfndKumrQjzpfwJh yom'

o'¨g[m rckdifrmygbl;/ jzpfvG,f? ysufvG,f?

aysmufvG,fwJhtaMumif; oifcef;pm,lp&m

wifjyvdkufwmyg/

(*)

o'gw&m; (4) rsdK;taMumif; xyfrH

ajymygOD;r,f/

- ]tm*ro'g} qdkwm oAÁnKbk&m;

tavmif;awmfwdk Y[m bk&m;qkyefwJhtcsdefrS

pNyD; rysufrpD; razmufrjyef rSefuefpGm wnf&Sd

vmwJho'¨gw&m;yg/

- ]t"d*ro'¨g} qd kwm t&d,m

om0uyk* ¾ d Kv fawG[m t&d,mr* fÓPfç

pmrsufESm 19 odkY

7

"r®0D&onf "r®0de, tvif;a&mifxdefvif;ap&ef jzpfonf/


b0aumif;a&; awG;awm qifjcif(6)(b0vrf;aumif; raysmufapeJY)

&SifÓP (zsmyH k)

b0vrf;aumif;raysmufapeJY

udk,fwdkYvlBuD;? vli,f? uav;awG

tm;vHk;uawmh vlYb0 vlYc&D;vrf;udk avQmuf

vSrf;aeMu&olawGygyJ/ 'gayr,hf b0vrf;udk

avQmufMuyHkjcif;rwlbl;/ avQmufvSrf;Mu&yHkjcif;

vnf; wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf rwlbl;/ uGJjym;

w,f/ b0vrf;udk avQmufvSrf;MuyHkrwlwm?

avQmufvSrf;Mu&yHkjcif;rwlwm bmaMumifhvJ

qdkawmh aumufyifysdK;yifrsm;vdkayhg/ ajrMoZm

jynhf0wJhajray:rSm aygufcGifh&wJh aumufyif

ysdK;yifawGu cGeftm;jynhfjynhf00eJY &Sifoef

vef;qef;w,f/ ajrawmhajrBuD;yJ? ajrqD MoZm

cef;ajcmufaewJhv,fajrxJrSm aygufcGihf&wJh

aumufyifysdK;yifawGusawmh yvlarT; yvlawmif?

csnfhcsnhfeJYeJY renf;udktm;,lNyD; &SifoefMu&wm

qdkawmh aumufyifzGHUxGm;rIrwlovdk aumufyJ

oD;ESHyifawG&JU t&nftcsif;jzpfwJh toD;tESH

xGufEIef;vnf; rwlEdkifbl;? uGmjcm;oGm;wmayhg/

'DoabmrsdK;yJ? udk,fwdkY vlom;awG&JU

b0uvnf; a&cHajrcHaumif;eJYwlwJh rdbESpfyg;

udkrSDNyD; vltjzpf&MuolawGeJY a&cHajrcHnHheJYwlwJh

rdbESpfyg;udk trSDjyKNyD; vltjzpf&MuolawG&JU

b0vrf;udk avQmufvSrf;MuyHkjcif;? avQmufvSrf;

Mu&yHkjcif; b,fvdkrS rwlnDEdkifbl;/ b0tedrfh

tjrih f jzpf&wJ hoabmu vlom;awG&JU

ynma&;? p D;y Gm;a&;? vlr IqufqHa&;?

BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&; pwJh b0aumif;a&;

BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIawGudkvnf; tedrfhtjrifh

jzp foGm;apawmhwmayhg/ 'g haMumif h

vljzpfc Gi h f&wmjcif;? vljzpf Mu&wmjcif;

wlayr,hf b0csif;rwlMuwm/

'gu bmoabmvJqdkawmh twdwf

u rdrdwdkYjyKcJhwJhaumif;rI? raumif;rIuHawG

aMumifhvdkY ajym&rSmyJ/ twdwfb0wpfckkckrSm

udk,fjyKvkyfcJhwJh apwem'geaumif;rItm;aumif;

olawG? 'Db0rSm arG;uwnf;u ukodkvfuH

a[mif;&JU taxmuftyHhaMumifh olaX;ol<u,f

om;orD;b0udk &&SdydkifqdkifcGihf&NyD; vlcsrf;om

pnf;pdrfudk arG;puwnf;u pwifcHpm;Mu&wm?

twdwfb0rsm;xJrSm apwem'ge tm;enf;wJh

olawGuawmh ukodkvfuHa[mif; tm;enf;vdkY

vlYb0 p&uwnf;u qif;&J'ku©eJY awGUBuHKMu&

wJhoabmyJ/ 'gbk&m;a[mwJh 'gew&m;? oDv

w&m;wdkY&JU tusdK;ay;yHkudk avhvmqef;ppfNyD;

udk,hfb0aemifa&;twGuf awG;awmqifjcif

Munhfr,fqdk&if odEdkifygw,f/

tJ'Dvd kawG;awmqifjcif Munh fr S

udk,hf&JUb0vrf; Murf;wrf;cufxefjcif;jzpf&wm

udk jrifr,f? odr,f/ 'DvdkjrifrS? odrSvnf; b0

oHo&musifvnfaeMu&OD;r,fh udk,hfb0a&SUc&D;

vrf;aumif;atmif? tckacwfolaX;om;orD;

tjzpfeJY vlYb0t&aumif;olawGvdk? vlYb0rsdK;

&atmif? bk&m;&Sif&JU tqHk;trw&m;awmfeJY

tnD usihfBuHBudK;pm;tm;xkwfEd kifMurSmyg/

vlom;awG&JU b0jzpfpOfudk b0vrf;ñTef&Sif

q&mbk&m;&JU tqHk;trpum;awmfrsm;eJ Y

awG;awmqifjcifNyD; twdwfb0? tckb0

aumif;atmif rjyKjyifEdkifMu&ifawmh vmr,hf

tem*wfrSm vlYb0&if;pm;jyef&zdkYawmif rvG,f

wmaMumifh vlYjynfewfjynfoGm;&m b0vrf;

aumif;awG vrf;aMumif;awG aysmufoGm;Edkifyg

w,f/

udk,hfb0a&SUc&D;pOftwGuf avQmuf

vSrf;oihfwJh b0vrf;aumif;awG? vrf;aMumif;

awG aysmufoGm;r,fqdk&ifawmh jrihfjrwfwJh

vlYb0udk tckudk,fwdkYwpfawG &&Sdaewm[m?

vljzpf&usd K;reyfovdk jzpfoGm;ygvdrh fr,f/

'Dawmh olaX;om;orD;tjzpfeJYyJ vlYb0&&?

qif;&JEGrf;yg; olwd k Y& J U om;orD;b0eJ Yy J

vlYb0vlYtjzpfyJ && ayhg/ pdwf"mwfajzmihfrSefzdkY

tawG;tBuHaumif;zdkY ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfzdkYu

ta&; BuD ;ygw,f/ p dw fxm;aumi f ; ?

tawG;tBuHaumif;eJY udk,hfb0aumif;atmif

½dk;½dk;om;om; ajzmihfajzmifhrwfrwf BudK;pm;

tm;xkwfEdkifr,fqdk&if tckb0vrf;vnf;

aumif;r,f? aemifoHo&m0#fu ruRwfrD

b0c&D;vrf;awGtm;vHk;vnf; aumif;oGm;

rSmyJ/

csrf;omwm? qif;&JwmawGu NrJwJh

oabmr&Sdbl;/ csrf;omwJhb0eJY vltjzpf&ay

r,hf pdwfxm;raumif;? tawG;tBuHraumif;?

vHkYv0D&d,raumif;&if 'Db0rSmyJ jyefNyD;qif;&J

oGm;Edkifw,f/ qif;&Jom;b0eJY vltjzpf&

ayr,hf pdwfxm;aumif;aumif;? tawG;tBuH

aumif;aumif;? vHkYv0D&d,aumif;aumif;eJY

BudK;pm; tm;xkwfawmh 'Db0rSmwifcsrf;om

oljzpfaeMuwm trsm;BuD;? 'gtwk,lp&m

aumi f ;w,f/ ud k, fu olaX;om;y J ?

olaX;orD;y Jqd k Ny D ; p dwfvGwfud k,fvGwf

oHk;jzKef;aer,fqdk&ifawmh Am&mPoDjynfu

uka#&Sp fq,fcsr f ;omwJ h olaX;om;vd k

taeqif ;& J ? tpm;qif ;& J ? tao

qif;&JoGm;wmrsdK;yJjzpfr,f/ b0vrf;aumif;

aysmufoGm;r,f/

a&S;a&S;tcgu Am&mPoDjynfrSm

olaX;om;wpfa,muf&Sdw,f/ olY&JUrdbESpfyg;

u uka#&Spfq,f<u,f0csrf;omwJholaX;BuD;

ZeD;armifESH? om;av;u wpfa,mufwnf;?

'Dawmh oluarG;puwnf;u uka#&Spfq,f

<u,f0 csrf;omwJ h olaX;om;av;ayhg/

om;av; wpfa,mufxJqdkawmh rdbESpfyg;u

t&rf;tvkd vdkufw,f/ pmayoifMum;&r,hf\

t&G,fa&mufawmh rdbESpfyg;u pmayynm

roif,lcsifwJh om;av;tvdkvdkufNyD; ]]om;

8"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE

pmrsufESm 4 rS tquf

wdkYwpfawG[m t&SifykPÖu w&m;udk tao;pdwf&Sif;jywmem&vdkY w&m;

xl; w&m;jrwf&cJhMuw,f}} vdkY &Sif;jyNyD; t&SifykPÖu b,fvdkw&m;a[mcJh

wmwkef;qdkwm qufNyD;&Sif;jyw,f/

t&SifykPÖ a[mcJhwJhw&m;av;u ]]Oyg'g, tm0kaom

to®Dwd a[mwd aem tEkyg'g,}} wJh/ &Sif;&Sif;av;yJ/ ]]igqdkwJh

tawG;[m wpfpHkwpfckudkrSDNyD;awmhrS ay:vmwm/ trSDrjyKbJ ray:bl;}}

wJh/ avmuvlawG&JU igqdkwJhtawG;? igh[mqdkwJhtawG;[m bmudkpGJrSDNyD;

awmh awG;aeMuwmwkef;/

t&SifykPÖu &Sif;jyw,f/ ]]ihg&Sif tmeE? igqdkwJhtawG;[m

pGJrSDNyD;awmh ay:vmwm? rpGJrSDbJ ay:vmwmr[kwfbl;/ bmudkpGJrSDNyD;

ay:vmwmwkef;qdk&if a[m'DcEmig;yg;udkpGJrSDNyD;ay:vmwm/ ½kyfudkpGJrSDNyD;

awmh igqdkwJhtawG;ay:vmw,f/ cHpm;csufudkpGJrSDNyD;awmh igqdkwJhtawG;

ay:vmw,f/ pdwfxJrSm rSwfom;rIqdkwJh trSwfonmudk pGJrSDNyD;awmh

igqdkwJhtawG;ay:vmw,f/ at; BuHawG;jcif;? odjcif;pwJh pdwf&JUvIyf&Sm;

rIqdkwJh ocFg&awGudk pGJrSDNyD;awmh igqdkwJhtawG;ay:vmwm/ todpdwfqdk

wJh 0dnmPfudkpGJrSDNyD;awmh igqdkwJhtawG;ay:vmw,/ tJ'D ½kyf? a0'em?

onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPf vdkYqdkwJh cEmig;yg;udk rrSDbJeJY igqdkwJhtawG;

ray:bl;}}/

cEmig;yg;[m avmuvlawG igvdkYxifrSwfp&myJ/ ]]ig}} qdkwJh

tawG;[m rmetawG;? ]]igh[m}} qdkwJhtawG;[m wPSmtawG;/ tJ'D

wPSm? rme qdkwJh 'DrSm;,Gif;aewJhtawG;awG[m rdrdwdkYoEÅmefrSm&SdwJh

½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPfwdkYudk pGJrSDNyD;jzpfay:vmwJh tawG;

awG/

OyrmeJY &Sif;jyw,f/ ]]vli,fvl&G,fawG[m udk,hfudk,fudk tvS

jyifwJhtaeeJY aMu;rHkwdkY? rSefjyifwdkYrSm MunhfMuw,f/ tJ'DaMu;rHk? rSefjyifudk

MunhfNyD; rdrd&JUrsufESm&dyfudk tjypftemtqm&Sdw,f/ r&Sdbl;qdkwmudk

qifjcifoHk;oyfMuw,f/ tJ'Dvdk qifjcifoHk;oyf&wJh rsufESmyHk&dyfuav;[m

rSefqdkwJh rSD&mr&SdbJeJY ay:vmyhgrvm;? ray:vmbl;/ rSefqdkwJhrSD&mudkrSDNyD;

t&dyfqdkwm ay:vmwmjzpfw,f/ xdkYtwl ]ig} qdkwJhtawG;[mvnf;yJ

½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPfvdkYqdkwJh rdrdoEÅmefrSm&SdwJh cEmig;yg;

½kyfemrfw&m;awGudkrSDNyD;awmhom ay:vm&wmyg}} vdkY t&SifykPÖu &Sif;jy

w,f/

bkef;BuD;wdkYwawG pOf;pm;Munhf? udk,hfoEÅmefrSm ½kyfqdkwm

b,f[mvJqdk&if rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,fqdkwm ½kyfyJ? [kwfuJh

vm;/ rdrdoEÅmefrSm&SdwJh ½kyfcE¨mudk,fBuD;rSm rsufpd&Sdw,f? em;&Sdw,f?

vQm &Sdw,f? udk,f&Sdw,f? yx0DqdkwJh rmrm? aysmhaysmh twHk;tcJ&Sdw,f/

tmaygqdkwJh zGJUpnf;rI&Sdw,f/ awaZmqdkwJh tyltat;&Sdw,f/ 0ga,m

qdkwJh av&Sdw,f/ tJ'D r[mbkwfav;yg;eJY r[mbkwfav;yg;udk rSDNyD;jzpf

aewJh oP²mefay:vGifaewJh vl&JUoEÅmefrSm&SdaewJh obm0½kyfw&m;wJh/

(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

ynmroifcsifvnf; aeayhg/ wdkYrSm aiGuka#&Spfq,fawmif&SdwmyJ?

om;wpfoufpm;vdkY ukefrSmr[kwfwm? om; pmayynmroifcsifvnf;

aeygap}} vdkY olaX; BuD;vifr,m;wdkYu wkdifyifNyD; om;av;tm;

tvdkvkdufcJhMuwm/

olwdkYom;uav; t&G,fa&mufvm awmh olwdkYeJYrsdK;EG,fwl

olaX;orD;wpfa,muf eJY rdbawGu tdrfaxmif&ufom;csay;w,f/

tdrfaxmifonfomjzpfvmw,f/ om;av;u awmh pD;yGm;a&;

BuD;yGm;a&;qdkwm bmrSrawG; awm? rpOf;pm;bl;/ rdbuyJ pD;yGm;a&;udk

OD;aqmifvkyfauR;aewm/ om;jzpfoluawmh taygif;toif;awGeJY

aomufaomufpm;pm;? aysmfaysmfyg;yg; olaX;om;ayhg/ acREdkifawmh&H

q d kovd k oloGm;av&m wynh fta>ct&HawGe J Y pmayynm

bmrSrwwfayr,hf uka#&Spfq,f csrf;omwJholaX;av;qdkawmh

ol Y&JUpD;yGm;Opömud k trSnh facR-acRr,h f taomuftpm; taysmf

tyg;orm;? wynhfta>ct&HawGu ½dkaow,f? av;pm;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk

ta>ct&HawG&JU ½dkao av;pm;cHae&wmudk uka#&Spfq,folaX;om;

u oabmusaew,f/bmaMumifh olYudk tav;tjrwfjyKqufqH

aeMuwmvnf;qdkwm awG;awmqifjcifrIr&Sdbl;/

ta>ct&Hwynhfwyef;awG&JU tvdk vdkufum t&ufaopm?

avmif;upm;? rdef;r taysmftyg;vkdufpm;NyD; vlcsrf;omb0&&SdcJhwJh

tcGifhta&;udk tpGrf;ukeftoHk;csaeawmhwm ayhg/ 'DvdkeJY rdbESpfyg;vnf;

qH k ;yg;oGm;a&m? ypönf;Opömtm;vH k ; uka#&Sp fq,folaX;om;

taygif;toif; wynhfwyef;awGeJY xifwkdif; okH;jzKef;ypfvkdufwm

rMumrDumvrSmbJ vuf,majrawGvnf;ukef ? wd kuf BuD;vnf;

a&mif;cspm;aomufvkduf&m aemufqHk;awmh aep&m tdrfvnf;r&Sd?

vrf;ab;rSmae&? pm;p&mr&SdvdkY vifr,m;ESpfa,muf cGufvuf qGJNyD;

awmi f ;pm;&wJ hb0e J Y vr f ;ab;r Sm aoqH k ;o Gm; Mu&w,f/

'Duka#&Spfq,folaX;om;&JU b0Zmwfvrf;udk awG;awmqifjcifMunhf/

vlYb0&yHk taumif;qHk;yJ/ 'geawmabm*0g twdwfb0wpfckrSm

'geaumif;rIjyKcJhwmaMumifh 'Db0rSm olpD;yGm;Opöm<u,f0csrf;omwm/

pmrwwfayrwwf olaX;om;qdkawmh 'gawGol b,fpOf;pm;rvJ?

twdwfuHaumif;vdk Y &vmwJh vlcsrf;omb0udk uG,foGm;atmif?

aysmufoGm;atmif olu vrf;pazsmufypfvk dufw,f/ 'Dawmh

olY&JUqufavQmuf&OD;r,hf oHo&m b0vrf;aumif;aysmufoGm;awmh

wmayhg/ 'Duka#&Spfq,folaX;om;vdk b0vrf;aumif; raysmufatmif

owdxm;rS? udk,fwdkYwpfawG vnf; b0vrf;aumif;raysmufrSm/ b0vrf;

aumif;aysmufoGm;&if b0vrf;qdk;avQmuf &vdrhfr,f/ b0vrf;aumif;u

tvif;vrf;? b0vrf;qdk;u tarSmifvrf; aMumufp&m aumif;w,f/

&SifÓP (zsmyH k)

ñTef;- ig;&mhig;q,fedygwfawmf

9

"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/


,ck em;vnfygNyD ]taz}

t&SifoZÆemvuFm&(vSnf;ul;)

]][Jh- bmBuD;jzpfaeae? ukd,ftrSm;

vkyfrdwJhtcgrSm rSefoludk &ifrqkdif0Hhawmhbl;?

aMumufa&m.. 'g[m w&m;oabmyJ}}

]]uRefawmf em;rvnfygbl; taz&m}}

]]at;- ighom; BuD;awmh em;vnf

ygvdrfhr,f}}

0w¦Kwdk q&maomfwmaqG [laom

acgif;pOfjzihf rif;,ka0a&;aom ]jrefrmpm

rdwfquf} pmtkyfrS rdwfqufaqmif;yg;rsm;ukd

rSwfom;zl;\/

Zmwfawmf t|uxm? yxrwGJ

pmrsufESm 506? bk&m;avmif; zGwfynm&Sd

ZmwfawmfrSmvnf; ]]zGwfESihf &aoh? &ifqkdif

awGU? &aoh½IH;avNyD}} qkd&avmufatmif

zGwfrif;ae&majronf &aohajy;ajrjzpfcJh\/

aomfwmaqG 0w¦KwdkxJrS ]]uRefawmf

em;rvnfygbl; taz&m} qkdaom om;jzpfol

vnf; &aohajy;&aom 0w¦Kukd zwfrd&ygvQif

]]uRefawmf tckem;vnfygNyDtaz}} [k om;jzpf

ol\pum;ukd Mum;a,mifrdayonf/ vlrI

avmuqufqHa&;e,fy,fü vltcsif;csif;

jzpfaomfvnf; ukd,fykdifÓPf (vlÓPf)enf;

ygu bk&m;avmif;zGwfrif;\ qufqHa&;enf;

ynmjzihf qufqHoihfaMumif; eD;pyf&mtm;

ajymjyzl;onfukd rSwfrdae\/

bk&m;avmif;zGwfrif;\ Zmwfawmf

vm t"dyÜg,f½Iaxmihfum; þodkYwnf;/

a&S;oa&mtcg Am&mP

oDjynf jA[®'wfrif; tkyfpkd;

pOf bk&m;tavmif;awmf

onf zGwfrs K d ;ü jzpfc J h\/

&GmteD; awmtkyf wpfckwGif

&Sif&aohESpfyg;wdkY oDwif;okH;&m

opf&Gufrk d;ausmif;\ pBuFef

tpGef; awmifydkY wpfcküae\/

ae&m? a'o? umv?

yk* ¾ K dvf [lí ouf&S doufr J h

ywf0ef;usif&Sdav&m yk*¾Kdvfonf

om y"mejzpfaMumif; &aohESpfyg;

ajrmuf oDwif;okH;aomtcgrS

odvm&\/ yxr&aoh

wp fyg ;aepO ftcgu &aoh

&[ef;wdk Y ae&m a'ojzpfí Nidrf;csrf;om

,monf/ w&m;em&onf/ touf

tEÅ&m,fvkHNcKHonf[k rSwf,lcJh\/ aEGrkd;aqmif;

paom umv? orÜwå d 0 dy Üw å d paom

umvwdkYonfvnf; &aoh&[ef;wdkY &Sdaeaom

umvjzpfíom tqifajyonf[k rSwfxifxm;

cJh\/

trSefwu,fawmh ouf&S doufrJ h

ywf0ef;usifwGif ouf&Sdywf0ef;usif yk*¾KdvfESihf

om qkdif\/ yk*¾Kdvf[lonf &aoh&[ef;jzpfap?

vljzpfap tjcm;aomzGwf ponhf owå0g

jzpfap ouf&Sdtm;vkH; yk*¾Kdvfyifjzpf\/ xkdyk*¾Kdvf

\ tjyKtrl ajymqkdaexkdif usihfokH;rIaumif;rGef

ygu xkdae&m? a'o paom oufrJhywf0ef;usif

onf aumif;rGefaom ae&m? a'o? aumif;rGef

aom umvwdk Yom jzpfoGm;\/ xkdyk*¾K dvf

raumif;rGefyguvnf; raumif;aom ae&m?

a'o? umvtjzpfodkYom ajymif;vJoGm;\/

þoabmukd yxr&aohwpfyg;

aepOftcgu ukd,fawGUrodcJh&? ESpfyg;ajrmuf

&aohwpfyg; a&mufvmcgrS toufab;rS

oDoDuav;vGwfcJh&ykHukd pOf;pm;rdwdkif; ae&m?

a'o? umv? yk*¾KdvfwdkY\ pGrf;tifukd odjrifvm

&\/

yxr&aohwpfyg; aepOftcgu

]&aoh&[ef;wdkY ae&ma'ordkY ausmif;uefbk&m;

rkdY Nidrf;csrf;om,monf} [kom em;vnfrSwf,l

rd\/ rdrdae&m? a'o? umvwkdYonf þyxr

&aohaMumih fom Nidrf;csrf;om,monf[k

wduspGm em;rvnfcJh/ ESpfyg;ajrmuf&aohwpfyg;

a&mufvmpOf oDwif;okH;aepOfwGifvnf; ,cif

enf;wl ausmif;uefbk&m;rkdY Nidrf;csrf;om,m

OD;rnf[kyif ,kHMunfrSwf,lcJhzl;\/

yk*¾Kdvf? ywf0ef;usifESihf tqifajy

aomtcg ae&m? a'o? umv? ywf0ef;usif

ukdom Nidrf;csrf;om,maom ae&m? a'o?

umv [k csD;usL;avh&SdMu\/ yk*¾Kdvfudk a&SUwef;

wifí csD;usL;avhr&SdMu/ yk*¾Kdvfywf0ef;usifESihf

tqifrajyjzpfaomtcgrS yk*¾Kdvfudk a&SUwef;

wif uJh&JU½Iwfcsavh&Sdaom "avhtpGJonf

]trSm;BuD;} [k ukd,fawGUBuKHaomtcg odvm

&\/

awmifyd k Y&S daom ae&ma'oonf

zGwf&Sdwwfonf[k vltrsm;odxm;&m zGwfom;

pm;vkdaomvlrsm;onf awmifydk Y&Sd&m ae&m

a'oukd tav;xm; Munhf½Iavh&SdMu\/ &aoh

tm; pOfqufrjywf qnf;uyfvSL'gef;Muaom

vltrsm;yif awmifydkY&Sd&mukd uGufMunhfuGuf

Munhf tuJcwf MunhfoGm;Mu\/ zGwfrif;ae&m

awmifydkYonf &aohausmif;\ pBuFeftpGef;rSm

jzpf\/ okdY&mwGif tEÅ&m,f[lí jrLrQ rBuKHcJh

&/ wpf&ufwGif ESpfBudrfokH;Budrfyif &aohxH

aeYpOf qnf;uyfcGihf&aeao;\/ þonfudk

vnf; ae&ma'o\pGrf;tifaMumihf Nidrf;csrf;

om,monf[k ESpfyg;ajrmuf&aohESihf rawGU

&rDu pOf;pm;jzpfcJh\/

tcsdefumv\pGrf;tifudk qkdcsifao;

\/ aEG rkd; aqmif; umvokH;ckwGif rkd;aqmif;

umvESpfckü &aohausmif;ywf0ef;usif teD;

wpf0k dufoGm;vmvSnf hvnfMuolrsm;onf

awmifydkY&Sd&mudk aEGumvavmuf tav;xm;

Munhf½Ijcif;r&SdMu/ aEGumvwGifum; rkd;? aqmif;

umvxuf awmifydkY&Sd&mae&mudk Munhf½Iavh

&SdMu\/ umv orÜwåd[k qkdrvm;? umv

0dyÜwåd a&mufaeNyD[k rajymwwfay/ aEGtcg

jzpfvsuf tcgrJh rkd;BuD;&GmoGm;\/ wkdufqkdif

onf[kvnf; qkdEkdif\/ ESpfyg;ajrmuf&aoh

oDwif;okH;aepOfumvwGifrS xkdtcgrJhrkd;BuD;

&GmoGm;jcif;jzpfae\/

10

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/


xkdtcg awmifydkYrsm;rS jcowå0grsm;

onf yvlowå0gtjzpf awmifyHaygufum

ae&mtESHY 0JysHavh&SdMu\/ zGwfowå0grsm;vnf;

0rf;pmtwGuf &SmazGvIyf&Sm;Mu\/ wpfNyKdif

eufwnf;rSmyif vltrsm;vnf; 0rf;pmtwGuf

yvlpm;&ef? zGwfom;pm;&ef awmifyd k Y&S d&mç

jcykef;&Sd&mwdkYü vloHrsm; qlnHpGmMum;&wwf\/

,cktcgvnf; &aohausmif;0ef;usif

teD;üyif vloHrsm; qlnHpGm Mum;ae&acsNyD/

&Sif&aohxH qnf;uyfw&m;em vSL'gef;Muol

rsm;yif &aohzl;&if; zGwf&Smjcif;tvkyfuk d

wpfcsufckwf ESpfcsufjywfoabm jyKrlaeMu

onfukd odvm&\/ yxr&aoh oDwif;okH;pOf

u þrQrod&ao;? ,ck ESpfyg;ajrmuf&aoh

oDwif;okH;vmcgrS odvm&jcif;jzpf\/ þum;

tcsdefumvaMumihf yk*¾Kdvfowå0gwdkY\ p½kduf?

tjyKtrlukd odvmjrifvm&\/

&aohzl;&if; zGwf&Smjcif;jzihf &SmazG

&vmaom zGwfom;ukd ESpfyg;ajrmuf&aohtm;

csufjyKwfvSL'gef;Mu\/ &Sif&aohu bkOf;ay;

okH;aqmif\/ xkd Yaemuf &Sif&aohukd,fwkdif

csufjyKwfpm;vkdojzihf rdrdtvmukd w&m;xkdif

[efaqmifum acsmif;ajrmif;aeonfukd t&Sif;

om; zl;jrifae&\/

avnmt&yfrSm teHYqkd;[lí vkH;0

r&Sd? aumif;aom 'ge? oDv paom tarT;&eHY

om&Sd\/ avatmuft&yfüum; teHYqkd;vnf;

&Sd\/ &eHYaumif;vnf;&Sd\/ &eHYqkd; &eHYaumif;

cGJjcm;odvkdvQif avatmuft&yfrSm aeíom

teHYukd pl;prf;&m\/ bk&m;avmif; zGwfrif;onf

&Sif&aoh\ avatmuft&yfrSmaeí &Sif&aoh

\ &eHYqkd; &eHYaumif;ukd pl;prf;\/ zGwfom;eHY

&\/ rdrdESihf Zmwfwlom;&eHYwnf;/

&Sif&aohonf rdrdESihf Zmwfwlom;

r[kwf? Zmwfwlom;r[kwfolxHrS Zmwfwlom;

teHYxGufvm\/ {uEÅ rdrdESihf Zmwfwlom;

zGwfom;ukd &Sif&aoh bkOf;ay;cJhNyD/ ,ckwpfzef

zGwfom;ukd bkOf;ay;vdkjyefNyD/ rdrdum; zGwf

owå0gwnf;/ þ&aohonf zGwfjzpfaom rdrdukd

owfvkdaomtrlt&mjzihf xkdifaeonf um;

{uef/

tBuH[lonf eD;&mudkom BuHpNrJ

wnf;/ ,cifu tpm;aumif;ukd pm;okH;zl;ol

onf rdrdteD;em;rSm awGU&Sdaomf rpm;&vQif

pm;&atmif BuHzefpm;okH;NrJ? rdrdpm;vdkaom

tcsdef pm;Ekdif&ef zefwD;xm;pNrJ/ tu,fí

xkdpm;aumif;aomufzG,fonf rdrdteD;em;rSm

&Sdonf[k od&ygu rdrdykdifqkdifrI&&ef olwpfyg;

xuf tvsifOD;&ef BuKd;pm;NrJwnf;/ þum;

&owPSmESihfywfoufí avmbtm;BuD;ol\

o½kyfo@mef jzpf\/ xk do½ky fo@mefuk d

rsufarSmufrsufuG,f awGUjrif&ygu tMuifol

onf vuf&Sdb0? t0wfwefqmukd owdrxm;

rdawmh? tukodkvf[loa&GU olarGUavawmh\/

wpfpkHwpf&mukd apmihfarQmfol[lonf

rsm;aomtm;jzihf wHcg;0 (t0if0)rSm xkdifaeNrJ?

vrf;ab;rSm? csKHab;rSm? opfyifatmufrSm?

NcH0rSm ponfjzihf vmavh&Sdol 0ifvmwwfonhf

ae&m (t0if0)rSm xkdifaeNrJwnf;/ ,cifu

rnfolYukdrQ rnfonhft&mudkrQ apmihfarQmf

aeonhftrlt&mjzihf xkdifaeonfukd rawGUpzl;?

'DaeYawmh apmifharQmfaeonhftrlt&maMumifh

xl;\/ t0if0rSm tNidrfBuD;Nidrfatmif £a`E

BuD;pGm xkdifaeykHu ykdíxl;\/ tvdkvm;qkH;ukd

ta&;wBuD; apmihfarQmfaeykHwnf;/ þykH\

o½kyfrSefukdod&ef ajy;MunhfvQif tEÅ&m,frsm;

rnf? trSm;rsm;rnf/ awG;MunfhygrS tEÅ&m,f

uif;rnf? trSm;enf;rnf/ eD;vsuf rodvQif

cuf&acs&JU/ ukd,fawGU tusKd;rJh toufao

rcHEkdif/

owå0gwdkif; ukd,fhtoufukdukd,f

cspfMuonfcsnf;jzpf\/ rdrdonf ukd,hftouf

ukdvnf; cspf\/ t&SufESih fodu©mukdvnf;

cspf\/ toufxuf t&SufESifhodu©mukd ykdí

cspf\/ toufukdom cspfwwfolqkdvQif ,ck

ESpfyg;ajrmuf&Sif&aohESihf rsufESmcsif;qkdifp&m

taMumif;r&Sd? toma&SmifuGif;í aexkdif&ef

omjzpf\/ toufxuf t&SufESihf odu©mukd

ykdícspfaMumif; jyo&ayrnf/ rnfodkY jyo&

rnfenf;/ toufudk pGefYí ¤if;&Sif&aohESihf

&ifqkdifajymqkd Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;jzifh jyo&ay

rnf/

toufpGefYonfqkdrS aocsifaoyg

ap? raorD ajymqkdNcdrf;ajcmufEkdifNyD;rS tusKd;

&Sd&Sd aovkd\/ ajymqkdNcdrf;ajcmufjcif;onfyif

toufukd apmihfa&Smuf&ma&mufEkdifayrnf/

ykef;uG,faeygu olYxH aeYpOfvmaeus rvm

ojzihf vkdufvH&SmazGacsmif;ajrmif;owfí ao

Ekdifonf/ xkdYxuf t&SufESihfodu©mukd ykdícspf

aMumif; jyocGifh&rnfr[kwf? taMumif;pkHvif

pGm &J0Hhjywfom; pGefYpm;íjyoEkdifygu jyocH

&oltwGuf t&Suf&rnf/ odrfi,foGm;rnf/

ukd,hftaMumif;udk olwpfyg;ajymrS od&í

odkYr[kwf ukd,hftusihf ukd,faMumufí tjcm;

wpfae&m a&SmifcGmoGm;Ekdifonf/ jyoolu

&J0Hh&efomvkdonf/ jywfom;pGm pGefYpm;&efom

vkdonf/ ¤if;&Sif&aohtm; rNcdrf;ajcmufrDu

þrQ ukd,fawGUrodcJh/

¤if;&Sif&aohum; zGwfwdkY\oabmukd

em;vnfuRrf;usifolwnf;/ pm;zl;aom tmom

aMumihfvnf; tBuHxkwf ikwfwkwfjzihf tvkyf

vkyf&ef tm;cJxm;olwnf;/ rdrdonf &Sif&aoh

\ trlt&maMumihf olYxH wef;wef;rwfrwf

roGm;awmh/ aemufqkwfjyefvSnhfrnhfoabm

jzih fom oljrifom&ef uk d,fxifjyae\/

&Sif&aohonf w&m;xk difonhftrlt&mrS

om;owfrkqkd;wdkYxuf Murf;wrf;cufxefaom

tajymtqkd trlt&modkY ½kwfcsnf; ajymif;vJ

vm\/ rjrifomatmif 0Sufxm;aom ykqdefukd

xkwfí ypfayguf\/ toufum; raoacs/

tNrD;zsm;ukdom xdckdufoGm;\/ rdrdusifvnf

usufpm;&mawmifydkYodkY vsifjrefpGm ajy;0if&\/

awmifydk Yum; wpfaygufwnf;r[kwf? xGuf

ayguf 0ifaygufrsm;pGm &Sd\/ tEÅ&m,fukd

umuG,fEkdifaom ae&ma'otjzpf awmifydkYukd

,k H Munfxm;\/ tjcm;xGufaygufwpfckrS

OD;acgif;jyLvsuf &Sif&aohtm; ajymqkdNcdrf;

ajcmufEkdifcJhyg\/

ukd,hfukdowfí ]owf&aumif;vm;}

ygPmwdygwfpum; rajymMum;vkd? ygPmwd

ygwf[lonf omrefvlwdkYtvkyf? þ&aohum;

omrefvlwdkYxuf aumufuspf\/ omreft0wf

jzihf ygPmwdygwf usL;vGefu ,kwfrmaomf

vnf; aumufuspfonf[k rqkdom? psmef&Sif

oDv&SifwdkY 0wfqifavh&Sdonhft0wfudk0wf

vsuf omrefvlwdkYtvkyfudk ,kwfrmpGmvkyfygu

aumufuspfol? aumufuspfolonf olckd;?

olawmfaumif;toGif vdrfvnfí ol,kwfrm

tvkyfudkvkyfaeol? xkdYaMumihf olckd;? olckd;

tBuD; pm;? þykHpHjzih f þae&mESih frwef?

t0wfESihf vlESihfravsmf? odkYjzpfí þae&mu

xGufcGm ay;yg/ tu,fí xGufcGmray;u

wpfa,muf tm;jzifhr&aomf trsm;tm;jzihf

&ukd &&rnf[k qkH;jzwfxm;onf/ ,aeY

r[kwfaomf wpfaeYaeYawmh xGufcGmay;

&rnftrSef/

]]ynmrJ h&aoh,kwf? &aohtjzpf

qHuspfESihfrwef? &aohqifjref; opfeuf&nf

ouFef;ESihfravsmf? pdwf&if;ykyfjzihf o@mefvkyf

olaumif;½kyfxifatmif toGifaqmifbd\/

vsifjrefpGm þae&mu ajy;xGufoGm;yg/

tu,fí rajy;vQi f oih ftaMumi f ;

vltaygif;tm; ajymNyD; oihfudk ESdyfuGyfckdif;rnf}}-

þodk Y ajymqkd Ncdrf;ajcmufvsuf awmifyd k Y

twGif;odk Y 0ifEkdifcJh\/ &Sif&aoh,kwfvnf;

xifxm;onfxuf jref\/ aeYcsif;ncsif;

a0;&mzJcGmoGm;avawmh\/

pmrsufESm 15 odkY

11

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/


Ä /umrcsrf;om okH;aqmifum

z,fcGm a&Smif&rnf/

Ä /rokH;aqmifbJ ukd,fn§if;qJ

'gvnf; y,fcGma&Smif&rnf/

Ä /tpGef;ESpfoG,fvrf;ukdy,f

tv,fvrf;u rSefygonf/

þum; bk&m;? &[EÅmwdkY a&SmifcGm

&onhfvrf;ESihf avQmufvSrf;&onhfvrf;ukd jyqkd

jcif;jzpf\/

oka'¨g'erif;BuD;onf om;awmf

od'¨dw¦rif;om;tm; avmuDtm½kHtzkHzkHwdkYjzihf

ckdvIHpHaysmfaeawmfrlygapjcif;iSm eef;raygif;

okH;aqmif? armif;raygif;rsm;pGm ,aomf"&m

Muif,mawmfjzihf aysmfaysmfBuD;aeEkdif&ef pDrH

xm;awmfrl\/

xkdod k Y xm;awmfrljcif;onfvnf;

taMumif;&Sd\/ a'0Dv&aohESihf aum@n

ykPÖm;wdkYu ]]om;awmf od'¨w¦rif;om;onf

umr*kPfeJY raysmfyg; bk&m;{uefjzpfrnhfol}}

[k a[mudef;xkwfxm;aomaMumihfjzpf\/

a'0Dv&aohonf edrdwfpum;Mum;NyD;

onhfaemuf od'w¦rif;om; bk&m;jzpfcsdefwGif

ol vl Y jynfr Smr& S dawmhrnfuk d odojzi h f

0rf;enf;um ikdvnf; ikd\/

bk&m;jzpfonhftcg owå0gtrsm;

opömw&m; emMum;&onhftwGuf uRwfwrf;

0ifrnhfta&; arQmfawG;um &,fvnf;&,fao;

\/

aum@nykPÖm;onfvnf; bk&m;

{uefjzpfrnhfol[k vufn§Kd;wpfacsmif;wnf;

axmifum edrdwfpum;Mum;NyD;aemuf rd*'g0kef

awmodkYxGufum w&m;em&ef apmihfaeav

awmh\/

xkduJhodYk avmuDtm½kHumr*kPfwdkY

jzihf ckdvIHaysmfaysmf ae&ygaomfvnf; oufawmf

ESpfq,hfukd;ESpft&G,fwGif oltkd? olem? olao?

&[ef;wnf;[laom edrdwfBuD;av;yg;jrif&ojzifh

oHa0*rsm;&um om;awmf&m[kvmzGm;onhf

aeYrSmyif oHa,mZOfw&m;awG rrsm;cif awm

xGufrSyJ[k BuHpnfum armifqefudkac:NyD;

oef;acgi fausm fr Sm taqmifawmfuae

taemfrmaomifwpfbufurf;odkY wufvSrf;

awmfrlcJhay\/

þum; umrcsrf;om okH;aqmif

wm z,fc Gma&Smi f&rnfqk donh ftwk di f ;

umrokcv’ dumEka,m* ac:aom

r*¾if&Spfyg;onf bk&m;? &[EÅmwkdY\ touf

OD;0dvmo*¾(uif;prf;)

umr*kPfcsrf;omuk d cHpm;onhfvrf;pOfrS

y,fcGmpGefYcJhjcif;jzpf\/

rSef\/ umrawm Zm,wd aom

aum [k a'oemygVdvm&Sdonhftwdkif; umr

csrf;omonf aemufqkH;aomujzpfzkd Y&efom

&Sd\/

xkdYaMumihf csrf;omokcjynhfpkHMuvnf;

'ku©aemufqkH; &Sdacs\/ ckHrifc, cspfvGef;u

vnf; aomuaemufqkH; &Sdacs\[k oHa0*

pum; rdefYMum;awmfrlMu\/

xkdw&m;wdkYom r[kwfao;? ÓPf&Sd

wkdif; ukoí&aom wkdif;&if;aq;uJhodkY þae&m

üvnf; ÓPf&Sdwkdif; jrifEkdifaom w&m;rsm;

vnf; &Sdao;\/

xkdw&m;wdk Yum; tn§D&S dvQif ,if

vmouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? tdrfomvQif {nhfvm

ouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? cEm&SdvQif 'ku©vmpNrJ

jzpf\/ ykxkZOfjzpfvQif udavomvmpNrJ

jzp f\/

ykxkZOfoEÅmefüjzpfEkdifaom udavom

wdkYum;-

1/ tEko,udavom?

2/ y&d,k|meudavom?

3/ 0Dwduúrudavom [lí okH;yg;

jzpf\/

xk dudavomwd k Yonf udavom

wpfyg;xuf wpfyg;tm;aumif;Mu\/ omvGef

jyif;xefMu\/

olcdk;BuD;awmh "m;jy? "m;jyBuD;awmh

olykefjzpfouJhodkY olckd;? "m;jy? olykef Oyrmtm;

jzihf xkdudavomwdkYukd rSwftyf\/

olckd;onf tdrf&Sifrodatmif ckd;,l

\/ "m;jyonf tdrf&Siftay: ajymqkdqufqH

&mwGif Murf;wrf;\/ olckd;xufom\/

olykefonf tdrf&Siftay:wGifom

ru EkdifiHawmftay:wGifyg wdkufckdufvk,lrIü

twihf&J\/ pifppftm;jzihf olykefonf "m;jy

xuf ukd,ftrlt&m? EIwftrlt&m tm;vkH;

om\/

tvm;wlpGmyif-

1/ tEko,udavom onf yk*¾Kdvf

oEÅmefodkY tpOfvkdufíudef;\/ jzpf\/olcdk;

uJhodkY rodrom rxifr&Sm;/

2/ y&d,k|meudavom onf

x<uaomif;usef;aom tqifhjzpf\/ "m;jy

uJhodkYjzpf\/

3/ 0Dwduúrudavom onf

vGefMuL;aomtqihfodkY a&mufvm\/ olykef

onf EkdifiHawmfukdyif wkdufckdufvmouJhodkY

jzpf\/

olckd;ukd aus;&GmolBuD;u qkH;rouJh

odk Y tEko,udavom ukd ynmr*¾if jzihf

qkH;rwm;jrpf&m\/

"m;jyukd jynfxJa&;u tjypfay;

ta&;,louJhodk Y y&d,k|meudavom ukd

orm"dr*¾if jzihf qkH;rwm;jrpf&\/

olykefudk umuG,fa&;rS wkdufckduf

&ouJhodkY 0Dwduúrudavom ukdvnf; oDv

r*¾if jzihf vkHNcKHpGm apmifhxdef;&m\/

twdkcsKyftm;jzihfqkd&ygrl owdwnf;

[laom aomhjzihf udavomwnf;[laom

aomhcavmufudkzGihfNyD; 'ge? oDv? orx?

bm0emwnf;[laom Opömb@mrsm;uk d

xkwf,l&ayrnf/

,ckvnf; od'w¦rif;om;onf owd

wnf;[laom aomhjzihf udavomwnf;[l

aom aomhcavmufudkzGihfNyD; t&[wår*fÓPf?

oAÁnKwÓPfwnf;[laom Opömb@mwdkYukd

xkwf,l&ef/

wpfenf;qkd&rl tyg,f'k*¾wda&muf

rnhftaMumif; raumif;npfqkd; 'kp½kdufrsKd;ukd

olawmfvufeuf w&m;pufjzihf NzKdzsuf&ef

odkYr[kwf tavmif;vsm jznhfaumif;pGmonhf

okH;jzmq,fvD yg&rDtaygif; tusifhaumif;ukd

wpfqifhxufwpfqihf &ifhoxuf&ihfatmif

rvihfyk Hao jznhfusih fEk difap&ef taemfrm

wpfbufurf;odkY ul;oGm;jcif;jzpf\/

þum; umrokcv’ dumEka,m*

vrf;pOfudk pGeYfcJhjcif;jzpf\/ xkdYaMumihf umr

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

12


csrf;om okH;aqmifwm y,fcGma&Smif&rnf

[kqkd\/

Ak'avmif;vsmonf vrf;pOfukd pGefY

onf[kqkdaomfvnf; pifppfrSmrl vrf;pOfwpfck

rS vrf;pOfwpfckokdY ul;ajymif;oGm;jcif;jzpf\/

,ckvrf;pOfonf tavmif;vsm

twGuf okc? okc&vdku 'ku©t&if;wnfqdk

onhfxkH;ukd ESvkH;rlxm;jcif;vm; rod/

tb,hfaMumifhqkdaomf tavmif;vsm

\vrf;pOfonf yifyifyef;yef; qif;qif;&J&J

EGrf;EGrf;yg;yg; csKdUcsKdUwJhwJhusihf&\/ tm;xkwf

&\/

xkdYaMumifh tavmif;vsm\OD;acgif;&Sd

qHyifwkdYonf ajymif;zl;arT;uJhodkY El;nHhEkzwf

ae\/ rsufvkH;wdkYonf rsufvkH;tdrftwGif;odkY

csKdihfcGufí0ifae\/ yckH;om;wdkYvnf; a&tkdif

uJhokdY cGufae\/ eH½kd;wdkYonfvnf; ukvm;tkyf

uJhodkY t½kd;NyKdif;NyKdif;xae\/ cE¨mukd,fay:&Sd

tom;ta&wdkYonf t½kd;üom vltkd½kyf? vlem

½kyftoGifjzihf wnfaeMu\/

þtusif hrs K d ;onf cE¨muk d,fuk d

n§if;qJ&ma&mufaomaMumifh twåudvrx

vrf;pOf rnf\/ twåudvrxtusihfrnf\/

þtusihfudk 0D&d,aumif;aumif; ZGJ&Sd&Sdjzihf

ajcmufESpfMumatmif usifhcJh&\/

tavmif;vsmonf yg&rDEkpOftcgu

aemifawmfbk&m;rsm;taejzih f ajcmuf&uf

usihf½kHrQjzihf bk&m;jzpfvQif igqkd ajcmuf&uf

ru ajcmufESpfMumatmif usihfrnf[laom

pum;ukdvnf; ajymqkdcJhzl;\/

tavmif;vsmonf þtusihfjzihf

t&[wår*fÓPf? oAÁnKwÓPfudk arQmfrSef;

cJhaomfvnf; xkdÓPfESpfyg;ukd r&acs/

xkdÓPfESpfyg;ukd r&onhftjyif q&m

tmVm& &aoh? O'u &aohwdkYxHrS oif,lí

&cJhaom avmuDpsmefrsm;onfyif aysmufuG,f

íoGm;acsNyD/ a&;a&;rQyif ay:rvmawmhacs/

xkdYaMumihf tavmif;vsmonf tjrwf

r&onhftjyif t&if;yg ½IH;acsNyD/ zGwfr&onhf

tjyif "m;rçygqkH;ouJhodkYjzpf\/

tavmif;awmfonf oAÁnKwÓPf

&&Sda&;rSm q&mr&SdbJ usihf&ojzihf ajrprf;

c&rf;ysKd;ouJhodYkjzpfae\/ vrf;pOfawG wpfck

NyD;wpfck ul;ajymif;ae&\/

xkdpum;ESihf quf pyfí temrJholrSm

&SifAmuljzpfouJhodkY q&mrJholrSmvnf; oAÁnK

jzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh temrJhol &SifAmul? q&mrJh

ol oAÁnL [k pum;qkdwwfMu\/

avmurSm q&mrJhol q&mr&Sdol

ESpfOD;&S d\/ or®morÁK'¨ESih f yapöuAk'¨wdk Y

jzp f\/

tavmif;vsmonf þtwåudvrx

tusihfonfvnf; tusKd;rNyD; tcsnf;ESD;om

jzpf\/ ]],kefr& awmaus}} oabmqkdufae

ojzihf qufvuftm;rxkwfawmhbJ pGefYvkduf

awmh\/ &yfqkdif;vkdufawmh\/

xk Y da Mumi h f ] ]rok H ;aqmifbJ

ukd,fn§if;qJ 'gvnf; z,fcGma&Smif&rnf}}

[k qkd\/

a&Smif&rnhfvrf;ESpfoG,fwdkYrSm umr

okcv’dumEka,m* vrf;pOfESihf twåudvrx

vrf;pOfwdkYjzpfonf/

xkdYaMumihf ]]tpGef;ESpfoG,fvrf;ukd

y,f? tv,fvrf;u rSe fygonf}} [k

ñTefjyawmf rl\/

tv,fvrf;[lonf rZÑdry#dy'g

ac:aom r*¾if&Spfyg;vrf;jzpf\/

xkdr*¾if&Spfyg; tv,fvrf;ukd usihfrS

om tavmif;awmf od'wåonf bk&m;tjzpf

odkY a&muf&Sdawmfrl\/ aeY&ufum; ouú&mZf

103 ckESpf uqkefvjynhfaeYjzpf\/

aemufqk H; ypä drom0ujzpfaom

okb'y&AdkZfonfvnf; þr*¾if&Spfyg; tv,f

vrf;jzihfyif &[EÅmtjzpfodkY a&muf&\/

okb'´onf Ak'¨ jrwfpGm tm,k

ocFg& vTwfcgeD;wGif ol\&ifwGif;0,f

oHo,pdwfjzihf Ak'¨&Sd&mokdY a&muf&Sdvm\/

t&Sifbk&m; wdw¦dwdkYu olwdkYonf

yif orPjAm[®P bk&m;&[EÅm[k qkd\/

t&Sifbk&m;uvnf; orPjA[®P

[k 0efcHajymqkd\/ rnfolu orPjA[®P

ygenf;[k ar;avQmuf\/

xkdtcg Ak'jrwfpGmu okb'-

r*¾i f& Sp fyg;& S daom omoemü

bk&m;? &[EÅmac:aom orPjA[®P

&S d\/ r*¾i f& Sp fyg;r&S daom omoemü

orPjA[®P r&SdEkdif[k rdefYawmfrl\/

aumif;uifrSm ajc&mrxifEkdifouJh

odkY omoemjyifyü orP jA[®Pr&SdEkdifykHukdyg

rdefYawmfrl\/

Ak'¨jrwfpGmu r*¾if&Spfyg;ukda[m&m

okb'u ESpfoufoabmusum aemufqkH;wGif

okb'onf xkdr*¾if&Spfyg;jzihfyif ypädrom0u

&[EÅmjzpf&av\/

xkdYaMumifh r*¾if&Spfyg;onf bk&m;?

&[EÅmwdkY\ toufjzpf\/

r*¾if&Spfyg;r&Sdu bk&m; &[EÅmwdkY

yGihfxGef;jzpfajrmufay:aygufívmrnfr[kwf/

Ak'¨jrwfpGmuvnf; oraPmew¦d

Am[da& [k wkduf½dkufrdefYawmfrl\/

omoemawmf\ tjyifyjzpfaom

wdw¦dwdkY\abmifüaomfvnf;aumif;? tavmif;

awmf a0vmrykPÖm;jzpf&m omoemy tcg

umvüaomfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ç &[EÅm r&Sd

[laom t"dyÜg,f&\/

a0vmrykPÖm;jzpf&m omoemy

tcgü bk&m;? &[EÅmr&SdykHukd a0vmrokwfukd

xkwfí tusOf;rQwifjyygtHh/

a0vmrykPÖm;onf omoemytcg

umvüjzpf\/ xkda0vmrykPÖm;onf tvSL

BuD;ukd;rsKd;udk vSL'gef;vdkojzihf (7)ESpf (7)v

Mumatmif pDrHtm;xkwf&\/ (7)&uftwkdif;

t&SnfMumatmif tvSLay;&\/

xkda0vmrykPÖm;\tvSLwGif pm;

aomuf&ef csufjyKwf&mü xrif;a&wkdYonf

acsmif;pD;½kHrQru jrpfa&pD;ouJhodkYyif xrif;a&

pD;atmif vSL\/

,if;tvSLBuD;ukd;rsKd;wkdYum;-

]]a&T? aiG? aMu;xm;? qif? jrif;?

EGm;yg unm? yv’if? 0wfvQifwrl? tvSL

rsKd;pm;? þ ukd;yg;wnf;}}

xkdukd;rsKd;vkH;ukd wpfrsKd; wpfrsKd;vQif

&Spfaomif;av;axmifpDjzpfatmif pDrHxm;\/

a0vmrykPÖm;onf a&TcGufwGif

a&tjynhfxnhfum ig\tvSLyGJodkY <ua&muf

vmMuukefaom tvSLcHyk*¾KdvfwdkYonf ig;yg;

oDvESihf jynhfpkHolrsm;jzpfMuygvQif þa&TcGuf

twGif;&Sd a&wkdYonf atmufodkYpD;qif;oGm;yg

apukefownf;[k t"d|mef&m a&wpfpufrQ

rusjzpfav\/

xk da0vmrykPÖm;\tvSLy G Jw Gi f

aomwmyef paom t&d,mtvSLcHrsm; r&SdMu/

ig;yg;oDvrvkHNcKHaom tvSLcHyk*¾Kdvfrsm;ESihfom

auseyf&\/

xk dtvSL vSL&mtcs de ftcgonf

omoemyjzpfaeojzihf &yfjypf&Spfyg;wGif yg0if

ae\/ r*¾if&Spfyg; a[mMum;rnfholr&Sd? aom

wmyef ponfwdkYr&Sd? xkdYaMumifh Ak'jrwfpGmu

omraPm ew¦dAm[da&[k rdefYawmfrl\/

Ak'¨jrwfpGmu omrP jA[®Pjzpf

jcif;\taMumif;ESihf jzpf&mtcsdefukdom rdefY

Mum;xm;awmfrlonfr[kwf? &[ef;awmfwdkY\

&[EÅmtjzpfrsm;jcif;? enf;yg;jci;f\taMumif;

wdkYudkvnf; a[mMum;awmfrl\/

xkdtaMumif;ukd o'r®y#d½lyuokwfrS

xkwfEkwfí jyygtHh/

t&Sifr[muóyu Ak'jrwfpGmtm;

þodkY ar;jref;avQmufxm;\/

pmrsufESm 28 odkY

13

DHAMMA DEW

"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

plVedumokwf

tcgwpfyg;ü t&SiftmeEmonf a0omvDjynf r[m0kefawm

jymom'faqmifaygufaomausmif;ü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrl\/ xdktcg

t&SiftmeE´monf jrwfpGmbk&m;txHodkY csOf;uyfí&Sdcdk;NyD;vQif wpfck

aomae&müxdkifvsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; þodkYavQmufav\/

]]t&Sifbk&m;? þpum;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;txHawmfrS wynhfawmf

emMum;rSwfom;&zl;ygonf/ ]tmeEm? odcDjrwfpGmbk&m;\ tbdbltrnf

&Sdaom om0uonf jA[®mhbHküwnfvsuf avmu"mwfwpfaxmifudk

toHjzihfMum;odapEdkif\} [k rSwfom;&zl;ygonf/ t&Sifbk&m;- ylaZmf

txl;udk cHawmfrlxkdufaom? tvHk;pHkaomw&m;wdkYudk? udk,fwkdifrSefpGm

odawmfrlaomjrwfpGmbk&m;onfum;? tb,frQavmufaomt&yfudk

toHawmfjzihfMum;odap&ef pGrf;Edkifygoenf;}} [kavQmuf\/

]]tmeEm? xdktbdblonf wynhfom0urQomwnf;/ jrwfpGm

bk&m;wdkYonfum;? rEdIif;,SOftyfaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYaywnf;}} [k rdefYawmfrl\/

xdkpum;udk t&SiftmeEmonf ESpfBudrfoHk;BudrfajrmufjyKí jrwfpGmbk&m;

tm; ar;jref;avQmufxm;\/

]]tmeE´m? pMu0Vmwpfaxmif&S d plVedumavmu"mwf

(avmu"mwfi,f) udk toifMum;zl;\avm}} [k jrwfpGmbk&m;u

ar;awmfrl\/

]]bkef;awmfBuD;aomjrwfpGmbk&m;? xdkplVedumavmu"mwfudk

a[mcsdefwefygNyD/ aumif;aompum;udk qkdawmfrlwwfaom jrwfpGmbk&m;?

xdkplVedumavmu"mwfudk a[mcsdefwefygNyD/ jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrl

rnhf plVedumavmu"mwfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;txHawmfrS Mum;em&í?

&[ef;wdkYonf rSwfom;aqmifxm;Mu&ygvdrhfrnfbk&m;}} [k avQmufav

\/

]]tmeEm? odkYjzpfvQif emMum;avmh? aumif;pGmESvHk;oGif;avmh

a[maytHh}} [k rdefYawmfrl\/

]]t&Sifbk&m;? aumif;vSygNyDbk&m;}} t&SiftmeEmonf jrwfpGm

bk&m;tm; jyefMum;avQmufxm;\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þatmufyg

pum;udk rdefYawmfrlav\/

]]tmeEm- vaewdkY vSnhfvnfvsuf t&yfrsufESmwdkY xGef;vif;

awmufy&m? pMu0Vmwpfcktydkif;tjcm;udk wpfaxmifjzihfajr§muf,l&

aom avmuonf&Sd\/ xdkavmu"mwfwpfaxmifü vwpfaxmif?

aewpfaxmif? jrif;rd k&fawmifrif;wpfaxmif? ZrÁL'dyfawmifuRef;

wpfaxmif? ty&a*g,me taemufuRef;wpfaxmif? Owå&uk½kajrmuf

jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom

pMu0Vmuka#wpfodef;&Sdaom r[mavmu"mwf

The Thrice- a- Thousand Mighty Thousandfold World- system

[Hom0wD- OD;tkef;BudKif

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tMuiftcgü pMu0Vmuka#wpfodef; &S daom r[mavmu"mwfudk ta&miftvif;jzih f ES H Yap&m\/

xdktcg xdkowå0gwdk Yonf xdkta&miftvif;udk odukef&m\/ xdk Yaemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a<u;aMumfoHudkjyK&m\/ toHudk

Mum;apEdkif&m\/ þodk YvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf pMu0Vmuka# wpfodef;&S d r[mavmu"mwfudk toHjzihfMum;odapEdkif\/

The Tatha-gata suffuses with radiance the Thrice-a- thousand Mighty Thausandfold World-system. When its inhabitantsperceive this, then the Tatha-gata would give utterance and make the sound heard.

Culanika- SuttaOn the certain occasion the venerable A

-nanda was stay-

ing near Vesa-li, in Great Grove, at the House with the PeakedGable.

Now the venerable Ananda went to see the Exalted One...As he sat at one side he said this:

"In the presence of the Exalted One, lord, in his verypresence I have received this saying: 'A

-nanda, Abhibhu, the dis-

ciple of the Buddha Sikhin, standing in the Brahma world, couldmake its thousand realms hear his voice.' Pray, lord, how far canthe Arahant, the Fully Enlighlened One, make his voice heard?"

"He was just a disciple, A-nanda. Immeasurable are the

Taha-gatas."Than a second time and yet a third the venerable A

-nanda

put the question. Then answered the Exalted One;"Have you ever heard, A

-nanda, of the system of the

thousand lesser worlds?""Now is the time for this, O Exalted One! Now is the time

for this, O well-farer, -for the Exalted One to speak! Hearing theExalted One the monks will bear it in mind."

"Then, A-nanda, do you listen, Attend closely and I will

speak.""I will, lord," replied the venerable A

-nanda to the Ex-

alted One, who said:"As far as moon and sun move in their course and light

up all quarters with their radiance, so far extends the thousand-fold world-system. Therein are a thousand moons, a thousandsuns, a thousand Sinerus, lords of mountains; a thousand Rose-Apple Lands, a thousand Western Ox-wains, a thousand North-ern Kurus, a thousand Eastern Videha-s; four thousand mightyOceans, four thousand mighty Rulers, a thousand four GreatRulers, a thousand heavens of the Thirty-Three, a thousand Yamaworlds, a thousand heavens of the Devas of Delight, a thousandheavens of the Devas that delight in creation, the same of thoseDevas that delight in other's creations, and a thousand Brahmaworlds".

"This, A-nanda, is called 'The system of the thousand

lesser worlds.'A system a thousandfuld the size of this is called'The Twice-a-thousand Middling Thousandfold World-system.'A system a thousandfold the size of this is called 'The Thrice-a-thousand Mighty Thousandfold World-system."

"Now,A-nanda, if he wished it, the Tatha-gata could make

his voice heard throughout this last-named world-system, or even

14

DHAMMA DEW"r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mysufjym;rI t0de,udk a&SmifEkdif&efjzpfonf/

uRef;wpfaxmif? ykAÁ0da'o ta&SUuRef;wpfaxmif? r[mork'´&m

av;axmif? ewfrif;BuD;av;axmif? pmwkr[m&mZfewfbHkwpfaxmif?

wm0wd Hom ewfbHkwpfaxmif? ,mrmewfbHkwpfaxmif? wkodwm

ewfbH kwp faxmi f ? e dA Áme&wdewfbH kwp faxmi f ? y&e dr d ®w0

o0wådewfbHkwpfaxmif? jA[®mh bHkwpfaxmif&Sd\/ tmeEm- þavmu

"mwfudkwpfaxmifjzih fajr§mufjcif;&S daom plVedumavmu "mwf

(avmu"mwfi,f) [k qdktyf\/}}

]]tmeEm? wpfaxmifjzihfajr§mufjcif;&Sdaom plVedumavmu"mwf

wpfcktydkif;tjcm;udk wpfaxmifjzihfajr§muf,l&aom avmuonf &Sd\/

tmeEm? þavmu"mwfudk ESpfBudrfajrmuf wpfaxmifjzihfajr§mufjcif;

&Sdaom ]rZÑdrdumavmu"mwf} [k qdktyf\}}/

]]tmeE´m? ESpfBudrfajrmufwpfaxmifjzihfajr§mufjcif;&Sdaom

rZÑdrdumavmu"mwfwpfckudk wpfaxmifjzihfajr§muf,l&aom avmu

onf&Sd\/ tmeE´m þavmu"mwfukd oHk;BudrfoHk;cgaxmifrsm;pGm

ajr§mufjcif;&Sdaom ]r[mavmu"mwf} [kqdktyf\/ tmeEm- jrwfpGm

bk&m;onf tvdkawmf&Sdaomf pMu0Vmuka#wpfodef;&Sd r[mavmu"mwf

udk toHjzifhMum;odapEdkif\/ xdkYxuftvGefvnf; tvkd&Sd&mt&yftydkif;

tjcm;udk Mum;odapEdkif\}} [k rdefYawmfrl\/

]]t&Sifbk&m;- jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tb,fodkYvQif pMu0Vmuka#

wpfodef;&Sdr[mavmu"mwfudk toHjzihf Mum;odapawmfrlygoenf;/

xdkYxuftvGefvnf; tvdk&Sd&mt&yftydkif;tjcm;udk Mum;odapEdkifyg

oenf;}} [k t&SiftmeEmuavQmufxm;\/

]]tmeE´m- jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tMuiftcgü pMu0Vmuka#

wpfodef;&Sd r[mavmu"mwfudk ta&miftvif;jzihf ESHYap&m\/ xdktcg

xdkowå0gwdkYonf xdkta&miftvif;udk odukef&m\/ xdkYaemuf jrwfpGm

bk&m;onf a<u;aMumfoHudkjyK&m\/ toHudkMum;apEdkif&m\/ tmeEm

þodkYvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf pMu0Vmuka#wpfodef;&Sd r[mavmu

"mwfudk toHjzihfMum;odapEdkif\/ xdkYxuftvGefvnf; tvdk&Sd&mt&yf

tydkif;tjcm;udk Mum;odapedkif\}}[k rdefYawmfrl\/

(jznh fpGufcsuf/ / pMu0Vmwpfckudkwnf? pMu0Vmwpfaxmifjzihf

ajr§muf? plVedumavmu"mwfwpfckjzpf\/ plVedumavmu"mwfwpfck

(pMu0Vmwpfaxmif) udkwnf pMu0Vmwpfaxmifjzihfajr§muf? rZÑdrdum

avmu"mwfwpfck (pMu0Vmwpfodef;) jzpf\/ xdkrZÑdrdumavmu"mwf

wpfck (pMu0Vmwpfoef;) udkwnf? plVedumavmu"mwfwpfaxmif

(pMu0Vmwpfoef;) jzihfajr§muf? r[mavmu"mwfwpfck (pMu0Vmuka#

wpfodef;) jzpf\/)

þodkYrdefYawmfrlaomf t&SiftmeEmonf t&SifO'g,D (vmVK

'g,D) rax&ftm; þodkYajymqdk\/

]]ihgtm;t&awmfavpGwum;/ igonf aumif;pGm&tyfay

onfwum;/ ig\q&m jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þodkYwefcdk;tmEkabmf &Sdyg

ayonf}} [kqdk\/

t&SiftmeEm þodkYqdkaomf? t&SifO'g,Donf t&SiftmeEm

tm; þuJhodkYqdkav\/

]]igh&Sif tmeEm? oif\q&mjrwfpGmbk&m;onf þodkYBuD;aom

wefcdk;tmEkabmf&Sdjcif;onf oihftm;tb,ftusdK;&Sdygoenf;}}

t&SifO'g,Du þodkYqdkavaomf? jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf

atmufygtwkdif; rdefYawmfrlav\/

]]O'g,D? þpum;udkrqdkvihf/ O'g,D- þpum;udkrqdkvihf/

O'g,D tmeEmonf wyfrufjcif;&m*ruif;ao;yJ? tu,fí aooGm;cJh

further, if he chose.""Pray, lord, how could that be done?""In this connexion, A

-nanda, the Tathagata suffuses with

radiance the Thrice-a-thousand Mighty Thousand World-sys-tem."

When its inhabitants perceive this, then the Tatha-gatawould give utterance and make the sound heard. That is how hewould do it.

(Notes: Jambu-dipa, the southernmost of the four greatcontinents, including India, Myanmar. The name following arethose of continents.

Aparagoya-na - the western.Uttara-Kuru - the northern.Pubba-videha - the eastern.These make up a cakkava-la- with Mt.Meru in the midst,

a flat-world system.Maha-raja--the four world-guardians. These 'spiritual

worlds are above those previously mentioned.)At these words the venerable A

-nanda exclimed to the

venerable U da-yin (la-luda-yin):"It is indeed a gain for me! well gotten indeed by me it is

that my teacher is of such mighty power and majesty!"Whereupon the venerable Uda-yin said to the venerable

A-nanda:

"What is it to you, friend A-nanda, that your teacher

should be of such mighty power and majesty?"At these words the Exalted One said to the venerable U

dayin:"Say not so, Udayin! Say not so, Uda-yin! If Ananda

were to make an end without attaining perfect freedom from pas-sion, yet virtue of his heart of faith he would seven times win ruleamong the Devas, seven times would he win rule in this Rose-Apple land. How biet, Uda-yin, in this very life Ananda shall attainto final passing away."

(Complete translation of the Suttanta Pitaka, Anguttara-Nikaya (The Gradual Saying) The book of the Threes, TheCu-lanika Sutta.)

Hanthawaddy-U Ohn Kyaing.

vQif? igbk&m;ü MunfndKaeaom xdkpdwfaMumihf? ckepfBudrfwdkifwdkif

ewfjynfwdkYü ewfrif;jzpfEkdif\/ ckepfBudrfwdkifwdkif þZrÁL'dyfuRef;üyif

BuD;jrwfaom pMu0aw;rif;jzpfEdkif\/ O'g,D pifppfaomfum;? tmeEm

onf ,ckb0üyif y&dedAÁmefjyKvwåHU}}

(t*Fkwå&edum,f0if? okwåefyd#uwf? t*Fkw¬dK&fygVdawmf? wdu

edygwf? tmeEm0*f? plVedumokwfudk azmfjytyfygonf/)

[Hom0wD- OD;tkef;BudKif

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf

&J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh

b0ukd&ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGm

jzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY

"r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU/

15

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/


tESpf\ wnf&m

t&Sifynm0Ho

(tif;Zl;av;)

tESpf-[laompum;ukd MumjrihfpGm

wnf&Sdvmjcif;aMumihf jzpfay:vmonhf t"du

usaom t&nftaoG;? xl;jcm;onhfwefzkd;?

omvGefonhfpGrf;&nf ponfjzihf t"dyÜg,fzGihf

vQif oifhrnfxifayonf/ pmzwfoltaejzihf

rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufovkd t"dyÜg,fzGihf

vkdufjcif;yifjzpfygonf/

MuufO? bJOwGif wnf&SdaomtESpf

[lonf tumxuf tqrsm;pGm omvGefaom

t&omjynhf0rI[k oabmaygufygvdrhfrnf/

opfwpfyifü tESpf[lonf tumxuf ydkrkd

uspfvspfBuHUckdifrI? t&nftaoG;aumif;rGefrI

ponfjzihf ,lq&vdrfhrnf/ jrefrmpum; ykHt&

] ]om;orD ;tcsp f a jr;tESp f } } ? a jr;uk d

ykdcspfMuonhfoabmukd em;vnfMuayrnf/

atmufxpfqk H;tm;jzih f pmzwfvQifvnf;

pmwpfyk'f\tESpfukdMunhfí vufcHMurnf

jzpfonf/

,ck azmfjyvdkonfh tESpfoabm

t,ltqum; urÇmhÓPftaumif;qkH;yk*¾Kdvf

tjzpf *if;epfrSwfwrf;0if wdyd#u"& "r®

b@m*g&du q|o*Fg,em0dóZÆu jzpfawmf

rlaom q&mawmf b'ÉÅ0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho

rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ t,ltqjzpf

onf/

wpfcgu rEÅav;rS 'umwpfa,muf

onf rif;uGef;awmif½kd;odkY a&muf&Sdum yDwd

jzpf&SmvGef;vdk Y rif;uGef;q&mawmfBuD;tm;

rdausmif;yrm jym;jym;0yfvsuf xdjcif;ig;jzm

ae&majcmufjypf uif;vGwfnDapNyD; 'Dvk d

avQmufxm;w,f?

'um/ t&Sifbk&m;wdk Yvkd awmawmifxJrSm

aeNyD; w&m;&dyfrS Dck daeMuwJh yk*¾K dvfawGom

MunfnKdp&m&Sdawmhw,fbk&m;/ wynhfawmfwdkY

rEÅav;rSm&SdMuwJhoHCmawGukdawmh MunfnKdvdkY

ukd r&awmhbl;bk&m;/

rif;uGef;q&mawmf/ [J- 'um? bmjyKvkd Y

wkef;/

'um/ rSefvSyg wynhfawmfwdkY NrKdUBuD;jyBuD;u

ukd,fawmfawG[m ½kyf&Sifwkd;MunfhMu? abmvkH;

yGJMunhfMu? jcif;cwfMu? abmvkH;csdef;uefMu?

pwdwf½SLd;qkdvnf; olwdkYua&SUubk&mh? wynhf

awmfwkdYjzihf enf;enf;av;rS rMunfnKdEkdifaygif

bk&m;/

rif;uGef;q&mawmf/ tif;- 'um? omoem

rMunfnKdwwfao;yJukd;uGJU/

'um/ wynhfawmfuawmh omoemrMunfnKd

wwfbl;bJajymajym bmyJajymajymbk&m;/ b,f

ES,fh bkef;BuD;&[ef; bkef;BuD;&[ef;vdk odrfodrf

arGUarGU £aÈ´&&aeayhgbk&m;/ tckawmh

t&nf;BuD;awGusaewmyJ? wuxJrSyJ/

rif;uGef;q&mawmf/ 'um? tJ'DtxJrSm

&Sifi,fyÍöif;i,fav;awGyJvm;? oufBuD;&G,ftkd

awGygao;vm;/

'um/ &Sifi,fyÍöif;i,fav;awG trsm;qkH;

ygyJbk&m;/

rif;uGef;q&mawmf/ avmurSm tESpf&SdMu

wJh uRef;opf? ysOf;uwkd;? ydawmuf? pEúl;?

refusnf; ponhf opfyifawG[m i,fi,f&G,f

&G,frSm tESpfwnfMuovm;/ BuD;&ifhrS tESpf

wnfMuovm;/

'um/ BuD;&ihfrS tESpfwnfMuwmygbk&m;/

rif;uGef;q&mawmf/ at;- tJ'DopfyifawG

ukd i,fi,f&G,f&G,frSm tESpfrwnf&aumif;

vm;vdkY ckwfowfvkduf&ifa&m tESpf&Ekdifyg

OD;rvm;/

'um/ rSefyg r&Ekdifawmhygbl;bk&m;/

rif;uGe f ;q&mawmf/ at;at; 'um?

omoemrSmvnf; tJ'DvdkyJ/ &Sifi,f yÍöif;i,f

av;rsm;[m omoemaemiftcgrSm tESpfwnf

MuOD;r,fh opfyifi,fav;awGyJ/ olwdkYukd tESpf

rwnf&aumif;vm;vdkY rMunfnKdbJaer,fqkd

&if rif;wdkY omoemaemufydkif;rSm ouFef;&dyf?

omoemt&dyfck d&zk d Yaeaeomom ouFef;

ta&mifawmif jrif&rSmr[kwfawmhbl; rSwf/

rvkyfygeJY'um&m? igwdkYvkd toufBuD;vmwJh

yk*¾KdvfawG av,mOfeJYvmyifOD;awmh? b,foGm;

MunhfawmhrSmvJ/ at;-at;? omoemMunfnKd

wwfzdkY vdkw,faemf/

'um/ rSefvSygbk&m;? wynhfawmf omoem

MunfnKdwwfygNyDbk&m;/

þonfum; rif;uGef;q&mawmf

bk&m;BuD;\ tESpfom&ESihfywfoufaom ½Ijrif

ykHjzpfonf/ odkYygí rdrdukd,fwkdif tESpfjynhf0ol

jzpfatmif BuKd;pm;&if; rdrdywf0ef;usif0,f

aemifwpfcsdef tESpfwnfvmrnhf tzkd;wef

opfyifi,frsm;ESif hwlaom omraPi,f?

&[ef;i,frsm;ukdvnf; xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smuf

oihfaMumif; wifjyvkduf&ygonf/

t&Sifynm0Ho(tif;Zl;av;)

ñTef;- rif;uGef;wdyd#u"&

q&mawmfBuD;\Mo0g'

&Sif&aoh xGufcGmoGm;onhfaemufydkif;

,aeY rdrdukd,fwkdif touf&Sifaeonhftjzpf?

ukd,fawGUBuKH&onhfavmuoabm? &J0Hhjywf

om; pGefYpm;rI\pGrf;tif? tcsdefumv? ae&m

a'o? yk*¾Kdvf? ouf&SdoufrJhywf0ef;usifwdkY\

vIyf&Sm;rIESihf pGrf;tif?wlvsuf rwlnDaom?

rwlvsuf wlnDEkdifaomoabm? atmufarh

zG,f&m &Sif&aohESpfyg;? yxr&Sif&aohESih f

ywfoufí ]]½kd;&Sif;at;aq; wnfNidrfaom

avmu}}? &Sif&aohESpfyg;vkH;ukd NcKHikH½Ijrifygu

]]jynhfpkHaomavmu}} [lí 'G,H 'G,H avmu"H

oabmudk rMumrMum &Hzef&Hcg ppfaMum

qifjcifwwfaeygNyD/ tNrD;zsm;u 'Pf&mtem

vnf; usufoGm;ygNyD/

t&SifoZÆemvuFm&(vSnf;ul;)

usrf;ñTef;- ig;&mhig;q,fedygwfawmf

pmrsufESm 10 rS

16

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

a&'D,kdrSmvmwJh ukdatmifatmifOD;&JU

b0wpfauGU tawGUtBuKHtpDtpOfrSm olajym

oGm;wmav;ukd jyefNyD; a0iScsifygw,f/ olajym

oGm;wm rdom;pkav;wpfpktaMumif;yg/

rdom;pkav;rSm taz&,f? tar&,f? om;av;

&,f okH;OD; zGJUpnf;xm;w,f/

wpfaeYreufrSmawmh zcifvkyfol[m

a&;BuD;okwfjymeJY tvkyfoGm;zdk Yjyifaew,f/

cPMumawmh tvkyfoGm;zdkY tcef;xJutxGuf

rSm ckHatmufrSmusaewJh aq;ykvif;ukd awGU

w,f/ 'Dawmh olY&JUtdrfolZeD;onfukd vSrf;NyD;

]rdef;ra&.. ckHatmufrSm aq;ykvif;usae

w,f? tJ'g tjrefaumufNyD; wifxm;vkduf} vdkY

ajymNyD; cyfokwfokwfyJ tvkyfukdxGufoGm;w,f/

tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ olwdkY&JU ESpfESpfom;

t&G,f om;i,fav;[m aq;ykvif;em;ukd

a&mufvmNyD; uav;wkdYobm0twkdif; tzkH;ukd

zGihf yg;pyfxJxnhfw,f/ NyD;awmh a&mifpkHaq;vkH;

av;awGukd wpfvkH;csif; aumufpm;vkdufwm

wpfbl;vkH;ukefoGm;w,f/ 'Daq;vkH;awG[m

vlBuD;awmif rsm;rsm;pm;vdkYr&ygbl;/ rsm;rsm;

pm;rd&if touftEÅ&m,f xdckdufEkdifw,f/

'gukdrod&Smao;wJh om;i,fu aq;wpfbl;vHk;

ukefatmifpm;vkdYtNyD;rSm yg;pyfxJu tjr§KyfawG

xGufNyD; vJusoGm;ygawmhw,f/

'DawmhrS rD;zkdaqmifrSm tvkyfrsm;ae

wJh tdrfol[m a,musfm;rSmcJhwmudk owd&vdkY

tjyifxGufvmcsdefrSmawmh vJusaewJhom;i,f

eJY aq;bl;ukdawGUNyD; txdwfwvefYyJ aq;½kHukd

tjypfrjrifwJh ESpfodrfh rIUynmEG,f({&majr-"EkjzL)

oGm;c J hygw,f/ aq;½ k Hta&mufr Smawmh

om;i,fav;[m aoqkH;oGm;cJh&ygNyD/

a,mus fm; jzpfolu taotcsm

owday;cJhygvsufeJY arhavsmhoGm;chJrdvdkY rdrdukd,f

ukd tjypfwifaewJhtdrfol[m om;av;twGuf

,lusKH;r&jzpf&if; a,musfm;jzpfolu rdrdukd

b,fvkdpum;vkH;awGeJY tjypfqkdvmavrvJ

qkdwmukd pkd;&drfBuD;pGmjzpfaecsdefrSm a,musfm;

jzpfol a&mufvmygw,f/

om;i,fav; aoqkH;oGm;vdkY aomu

rD;awG awmufavmifaewJh tdrfolZeD;onfudk

a,musfm;jzpfolu MunhfNyD; pum;at;at;

av; ajymvkdufygw,f/ rdrdwdkY aeYpOf qufqH

ae&wJh ywf0ef;usifrSm 'DvkdtjzpfrsKd;eJY cyfqif

qifwlaewmrsKd;awGukd awGUzl;ygw,f/ awGUzl;

orQawmh bmrStaMumif;rxl;ygbl;/ qJqkdr,f?

Budrf;armif;r,f? tjypfwifr,f? vifr,m;

uGm&Sif;Mur,f? 'gawGygyJ/ 'gayr,hf 'Djzpf&yf

av;rSmawmh pOf;pm;awG;ac:rIrygbJ qkH;jzwf

csufcsr,fqkd&if tdrfolZeD;onf[m tjypfwif

p&m tjypfajymp&mawG jzpfaewmawG awGU

&w,f/

wpfbufrSmMunhfawmhvnf; a,musfm;

vkyfoluk d tjypfajymp&mjzpfaejyefa&m/

bmjzpfvdkYvJqkdawmh tvkyfoGm;r,hftcsdefav;

ukd vkNyD; aq;ykvif;ukd aumufodrf;vkdY &Ekdif

yg&ufeJY rodrf;cJhbl;/ 'Dawmh ESpfOD;ESpfbufpvkH;

rSm tjypfukd,fpD &Sdaejyefa&m/

om;i,fav;uawmh aoqkH;oGm;NyD/

usefwJhvlESpfa,muf wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf

tjypfawGajymNyD; ckduf&efjzpfMur,f? uGm&Sif;

Mur,fqkd&if pdwfrcsrf;ajrUp&mawG jzpfvmrSm

trSefygyJ/ aowJhvluawmh b,fawmhrS jyef&Sif

vmrSmr[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumihf b,folYb,folukdrS

tjypfrjrif tjypfrajymMubJ usefwJhvlESpf

a,muf em;vnfrI&Sd&Sd oabmxm;BuD;BuD;eJY

taumif;qkH;aomb0ukd wnfaqmufjcif;u

om vkd&if;jzpfr,fxifygw,f/ 'Dtcsufudk

aumif;aumif;oabmaygufem;vnfxm;wJh

a,musfm;vkyfolu tdrfolZeD;onfukd ]]rdef;r

a&.. rif;udk igodyfcspfygw,f}} qkdwJh ESpfodrfh

pum;av;ajymvkdufygw,f/

wu,fhukd rSwfom;p&myg/ ukdatmif

atmifOD;uawmh vkdufemp&mrSwfcsufpum;

av;awGeJY tqkH;owfoGm;ygw,f/ rdrdwdkYvlom;

wkdif;[m wpfOD;wpfa,muftay: wpfpkHwpf&m

tjypfukd jrifvG,fwwfMuygw,f/ rdrdjrifwJh

olwpfyg;& J Utjypf wpfp k Hwpf&mud kvnf;

vG,fvihfwulyJ ajymwwfMuygw,f/

tJ- 'gayr,hf ukd,fusL;vGefrdcJhwJh

tjypfudkawmh wpfpkHwpf&mrS tjypfvkdY rxif

wwfMuygbl;/ 'g[m vlwdkY&JU yifukd,fp½kduf

wpfrsKd;vdkY aumufcsufcsvdkY&r,fxifygw,f/

wpfavmwk H;u 'umrBuD;wpfa,mufrSm

olBuKHcJh&wmav;ukd ajymjyw,f/

q&m0efwpfa,mufqDrSm olYvufu

tusdwftemav; oGm;jyw,fwJh/ q&m0efu

olYtusdwfudkMunhfNyD; tckrS bmvkdY vmjy&ovJ?

tusdwfu tajctaeawmfawmfqkd;aeNyD/

'Dtwdkif;qkd cGJpdwf&rSmyJ/ apmapmuom vmjy

&if 'DvkdjzpfrSmr[kwfbl;- ponftm;jzihf pum;

vkH;awGeJY jypfwifajymqkdw,fwJh/ 'Dawmh ol

vnf; e*dkurS aMumufwwfwJhtrsKd;r[kwfvm;/

owdvufvGwfNyD; wufovdk csufovdkjzpfoGm;

w,f/

'Dae&mrSm rdrdawG;rdwJ htcsufu

q&m0efqDrSm a&m*gaysmufcsifvkdY oGm;jyw,f/

q&m0ef&JUtvkyfu a&m*g&JUvu©Pmuk d

tajz&SmzkdY NyD;&if oufomaysmufuif;atmif

ukoay;zkdY? 'gu t"duvkd&if;jzpfr,fxifyg

w,f/ a&m*gukd ukozdkYeJY rywfoufwJhtar;rsKd;

pmrsufESm 34 odkY

17


"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

vlwkdif;awmihfw ½kyfqif;½ly

wuúodkvfoQifoD&d("r®mp&d,?bD-at)

,ciftywfrStquf

okókwaq;usrf;tqkdt&rl

tom;wkH; (500)[kqkdygonf/

ajcacsmif;i,fwpfckpDwGif (3)ckpD tm;jzihf ajc

wpfbuf (15)ck/

ajczrkd;ü (10)ck/

ajczrkd;txuf ajcrsufpdü (10)ck/

ajcrsufpdatmuf ajcz0g;tjyifü (10)ck/

ajcrsufpdESihf 'l;qpfaMumü (10)ck/

'l;qpfü (10)ck/

aygifü (10)ck/

þokdYvQif-

ajcwpfbufwGif (100_ ajc 2 buf) (200)

vufwpfbuf

(200)

bif0ü (3)

t*FgZmwfü (1)

t*FgZmwfcsKyfaMumif; (1)

odktdrfuyfy,ftdwfü (2)

cg;apmif;ESpfbufü (5ckpD_2 buf) (10)

csufatmufqD;csKdihfü (2)

0rf;ü (5)

csufü (1)

ausmajrmif0J,m (5ckpD_2 buf) (10)

eHyg;wpfbuf (3)ckpD (6)

&ifbwfü (10)

n§yf½kd;txuf xrf;ykd;usnf;wGif;ü (7)

ESvkH;ü (1)

tpmopftdrfü (1)

tonf;? o&uf&Guf? ausmufuyfwdkYü

1 ckpD _ 2 buf (6)

ukyfü (4)

ar;ü (8)

a&rsKdatmuftxufü (1)ckpD (2)

tmapmufü (2)

vQmü (1)

EIwfcrf;atmuftxufü (2)

ESmacgif;ü (2)

rsufpdü (2)

yg;apmif;0J,mü (2)ckpD (4)

em;ü (2)

ezl;ü (4)

OD;acgif;ü (1)

pkpkaygif; (500)

t&G,fa&mufNyD;aomrdef;rüum;

qkdtyfaomtom;wkH;(500)xuf ESpfqydkonf/

om;jrwf0J,m(5)ckpDtm;jzihf (10)

t*FgZmwfü twGif;tjyif (2)ckpD (4)

om;tdrfü (3)

okufOwdkY xGuf0if&m om;tdrft0&Sd (3)

aygif; (20)

cEmaA'aq;usrf;üum;-

vlwdkY\t½kd;t&SnfwdkYonf tv,f

ao;í t&if;tzsm;ü tqpftzkjzpfvsuf

BuD;\/

tom;ajr§mifwkH;wdkYonf tv,fBuD;

í t&if;tzsm;üi,fNyD;vQif jzLjzLjym;jym;

ck di frmaomtaMumjzih f t½k d;\tqpfwGif

&pfywfvsuf&Sdaom tajr§;ESihf wG,fuyfvsuf

ta&onf zkH;vTrf;aomaMumihf rsufjrifajyjypf

onf/

xkdtom;wkH;wdk Yonf ysm;vbkd YESih f

wlaomtwGif;ü qDOtenf;i,f&Sdaom tap;

wkH;wpfrsKd;jzihf uyfaeMuonf/

tom;wkH;wpfckrSm þtap;wkH;i,f

rsm;ESih f tom;rQifti,frsm; aygif;pkvsuf

&Sdonf/

(þtap;wkH;rsKd;onf ZmuGefcsmESihf

wlaom tajr§;rsKd;jzpfonf/)

tom;wkH;tqif;rSm teD(okdYr[kwf)

zuf&Gufavsmftqif;jzpfonf/ (tom;wkH;ukd

a&ESihfememjyKwfí uefYvefYjzwfNyD;vQif Munhf

onhftcg jzLajzmhaomtqif;? trQifi,fwdkY

aygif;pkvsufjzpfaeonfudk awGU&ygonf/)

vufudkauG;aomtcg vufarmif;ü

<uufom;onf tzkjzpf\/ qef Yaomtcg

tzkajy\/

þtaMumif;ukdaxmufí tom;wkH;

ü&Sdaom tajr§;i,fwdkYonf 0g;jcrf;opfom;wdkY

ü&Sdaom trQif? aMu;eef;? oHeef;? csnfrQifwdkY

uJhodkYr[kwfyg/

auG;onhfumv MuufwGefYwufí

tjrpft½kd;qpfwGif wG,fuyf&mü tcsKdUtom;

wkH;onf tjrpf tzsm;ESpfckpDESihfwG,fonf/

tcsKdUwpfckcsif;jzihf wG,fonf/

tom;wkdYukd atmuftjyifü t½kd;ukd

ywfaom tajr§;/

a&SUaemufü t½kd;qpfwGif wG,faom

tzsm;/

tjrpf0J,mü tom;wkH;tcsif;csif;/

txufü ta&xlwdk Y jzihf yk dif;jcm;

tyfonf/

tom;wkH;wdkY\ tjrpftzsm;wdkYonf

t½dk;wpfckESihf pyfvsufaeatmif wG,fuyfxm;

Muonf/

zaemih faMum? cg;aumufaMum?

vufarmif; tv,fütaMum? ZufaMum? yckH;

aMum? eHyg;aMum? &ifaMum [lí0rf;üawGU&

aom taMumBuD;wdkYonfvnf; tom;wkH;wdkY\

tjrpf tzsm;rsm;omjzpfonf/

taMum

t½kd;wGif-

(1) tom;ESihft½kd;udkvnf; aumif;?

t½k d;(2)ckuk dvnf;aumif; wG,fxm;aom

taMum/

(2) t½dk;ESpfckwdkY\tqufwGif t½kd;

ESpfckwpfjcm;pD rae&atmif wG,fxm;aom

taMum [lí taMum(2)rsKd;&Sdonf/

taMumaygif; (900)&Sdonf/

xk d (900)aom taMumwdk Yonf

jzLaomtqif;&Sdonf/ (ysm;&nftqif;&Sdonf

[lívnf; qkdonf)

o@meftrsKd;rsKd;&Sdonf/

xkdtaMumwdkYwGif vnfyif;txuf

ydkif;rS taMumBuD;ig;acsmif;pD&Sdonf/ &ifbuf-

ausmudkvnf; 0J,meHyg;wdkYtm;jzihf ukd,ftvkH;

ukd zkH;vTrf;vsuf qif;oufukef\/

0J,m ajcvufwdkYüvnf; a&SUaemuf

ig;acsmif;pD ajcvufwkdYukd zGJU,Sufqif;ouf

ukef\/

xkdtaMumBuD;(60)wdk Yukd udk,fudk


18

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

aqmifwwfaomtaMum (u@&m) [k qkdtyf

ygonf/

þtaMum (60)wd k Yonf 0gik Hz l;

o@mef&Sdukefonf/

taMumBuD;(60)atmuf? taMum

i,fwdkYonf 0ufaxmifaom ykdufBuKd;o@mef

&Sdonf/

xkdatmufi,faom taMumwdkYum;

uvdrfjzLEG,fo@mef&Sdukef\/


wa,mBuKd;o@mef&Sdukef\/


BuD;aomcsnfrQifo@mef&Sdukef\/

ajczrkd;? vufzrkd;wdk Yü taMumwdkY

onf iSufajco@mef&Sdukef\/

OD;acgif;ü taMumwdkYonf oli,fwdkY

OD;acgif;ütkyfaom ZmuGefcsmudkvkyfaom

orÇ&mcGHOD;xkyfo@mef&Sdonf/

ausmufuke f;ü taMumwk d Yonf

aeylí jzefYvSef;tyfaom pkdaom ykdufuGef

o@mef&Sdonf/

useftaMumwdkYonf xkdxkdt*FgBuD;

i,fwdkYü ysHUESHUukefvsuf ZmuGefcsmvkyfaom

oifwkdif;o@mef&Sdukefonf/

taMumwdkYonf ukd,fvkH;ü t½kd;wdkYukd

zGJU,Sufxm;onf/

atmufü t½kd;? txufü tom;?

ta&wkdYjzihf ykdif;jcm;xm;Muonf/

okókwaq;usrf;ü taMum (900)

jyonf/

ajcacsmif;i,fwpfckwpfckü (6)ckpD_ ajc(5)

acsmif; 30

ajczrkd;rS ajcrsufpdwdkifatmif 30

ovkH;jrif;acgif;ü 30

'l;qpfü 10

aygifü 40

wifyg;ü 10

þonfvQif ajcwpfbufü taMum 150

aemufajcwpfbufü taMum 150

pkpkaygif; 300

ESpfjyeftm;jzihf 600

cg;ü 60

ausmufukef;ü 80

eHyg;ESpfbufü 60

&ifbwfü 30

vnfyif;ü 36

acgif;ü 34

pkpkaygif; 300

þtaMum (900)wdkYudk av;rsKd; xyfrH

cGJEkdifonf/

(1) ajcvuf t½kd;qufwdkYü taMumwdkYonf -

ywme0wD rnf\/

(2) ukd,fudkaqmifaom (16)aMumwdkYonf -

0#rnf\/

þtaMum (16)acsmif;wdkYwGif-

ajc(2)buf? vuf(2)buf? vnfyif;?

ausmufukef;wdkYü (4)ckpDoGm;\/ ajcvufodkY

oGm;aomtaMumwdkYonf ajconf;? vufonf;

wdkYtwGif;wdkifatmif oGm;onf/

vnfyif;taMumwdkYonf &ifbwfrS

t*FgZmwftxd oGm;onf/

ausmukef;rS taMumwdkYonf wifyg;?

zaemifhwkdifatmif oGm;onf/ OD;xdyf? &ifbwf?

rsufckH;? yg;wkdifatmifoGm;í ukd,fykHtwkdif;

jzpfukef\/

(3) tpmopftdrf? tpma[mif;tdrfwd k Y\

tqkH;üvnf;aumif;? tdrfpnfaygif;tdrfüvnf;

aumif; &SdaomtaMumwdkYonf okod&rnf\/

(4) eHyg;0J,m? &ifbwf? ausmukef;? OD;acgif;

wdkYü&Sdaom taMumwdkYonf ykxkurnf\/

wpfzef taMumwdkYukd xyfrHcGJpdwf

jyefaomf-

t½kd;tom;wdkYukdzGJUaom - ESm½krnf

aomtaMum/

aoG;wdkYoGm;vm&m ("reD) rnfaom

aoG;aMum/

t&omudkaqmifaom (&ow&PD)

rnfaom &oaMum[lí (3)rsKd; ac:jyefyg

onf/

aoG;wkdYukd vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmapatmif

rIwfvGihfaomaMumihf ("reD)trnfESihf usnf

awmufuJhodkY tacgif;&SdaomaMumifh (emvD) [k

trnf&aom aoG;aMumwkd Y\taMumif;ESih f

(&o*¾o? &ow&PD) [k trnf&aom &o

aMumwdk Y\taMumif;ukd ygVd? t|uxmü

tus,frjyyg/

vSnhfywfaoG; (oHo&P) [kqkd&mü

0dok'¨dr*ft|uxmü ]]wnf&mtm;jzihf oHo

&PaoG;onf tom;wGif;ü0ifaomtjzpfrS

tjyifbufjzpfaom qH? tarT;? oGm;? ajconf;?

vufonf;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;? Murf;wrf;ajcmuf

aoGUaom t&nfwdkYudkvnf;aumif; csefvSyfí

þukd,fvkH;ü ur®Z½kyf&SdorQaom (Oyg'dEéu)

uk d,fud k uGef&ufuJ hod k Y ys H UE S H Yíwnf\[k

qkdygonf/

qufvufazmfjyygrnf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES19

"r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mjzLpifjrihfjrwfrI 0de,udkaqmifEkdifMu&efjzpfonf/

atmifjrifjcif; twlwl

pdk;0if;(acsmuf)

uRefawmfaeaom&yfuGufwGif touf

(70) ausmf ]]tb}} ESpfOD;udk awGU&ygonf/ xdk

tbESpfOD;rSm pdwfwl0goemwlMuonfrdkY cifrif

Muygonf/ &yf&GmtusdK;aqmif&Gufvdkpdwf &SdMu

olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ o'¨g? oDv? pm*aumif;

ojzihf &yf&Gmuvnf; cifrifonf/

ESpfOD;pvHk;rSm yifpifpm;rsm;jzpfMuNyD;

wpfOD;rSm aq;qdkifESihfukefpHkqdkif&Sdojzihf pD;yGm;a&;

aumif;ygonf/ wpfOD;rSm orD; (3) a,muf\

todtvdr®m&SdrIESihf vkyfief;rsm;aumif;rIwdkYaMumihf

rawmihfrw raMumifhrusaeEdkifygonf/

ESpfOD;pvHk;rSm Ak'bmom0ifrsm;jzpfMu

NyD; bmoma&;tay: av;av;eufeuf&SdMu

onf/ todtusihfwGJpyfum aexkdifvsuf&SdMu

onf/ xdkyk*¾dKvfESpfOD;onf edpö"l0udpörsm;wGif

tawmfyifwlnDum avQmufvSrf;aeMuaomf

vnf; b0\tqHk;owftwGuf pDrHMuyHkrSmum;

uGJvGJrI&S dMuonf/ wenf;qdk&aomf b0\

aemufqHk;aeY&ufrsm;twGuf pDrHcsufqGJyHkjcif;rSm

rwlMuyg/

yxrwpfOD;u olydkifypönf;Opömrsm;udk

om;orD;rsm;tm; w&m;rQwpGmcGJa0ay;onf/

wpfOD;csif;aep&mtdrf? wpfOD;csif;pD;yGm;a&;

vkyfief;wdkYudk xlaxmifay;onf/ olYZeD;uG,fvGef

oGm;NyD;aemuf olYb0\tqHk;owftwGuf ydkí

yDyDjyifjyifaqmif&Gufvmonf/ ukokdvfaumif;rI

wdkYudk wdk;ívkyfvmonf/ vrf;jyifjcif;? wHwm;

jyifjcif;rSonf &yfuGufwGif; ukodkvfrsdK;pHkudk

vkyfvsuf&Sdonf/ om;orD;rsm;udk a0pkcGJay;NyD;

aemuf olYtwGufa0pkrS wpfrsdK;NyD;wpfrsdK;

ukodkvfjyKaqmif&Gufonf/ a&tvSL? qGrf;tvSL?

ynm'getvSLpHkatmif vSLaeonfrSm tvSLrpJ

woJoJ[k qdk&rnfjzpfygonf/ xdkodkYvSLae&if;

jzihf olYrdwfaqGBuD;udk þodkYajymjyonf/ ]]usKyf

aowJhtcg usKyfydkif (usKyfa0pk) wpfjym;wpfcsyf

rS rusefap&bl;? oknbwf*sufjzpfap&rnf/

oHa,mZOfusefraeap&bl;}} [k ajymjyygonf/

þodkYvQif tavmb[dwf (ukodkvfpdwf) jzihf

trsm;tusdK;twGuf aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonhf

tjyif oDvtm;? 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwfjcif;

yg aygif;pyfvsuf&S d jcif;aMumihf rvGJraoG

ewfjynfoGm;&rnhfyk*¾dKvfBuD; (OD;rmC) [kyif

ajymqdkaeMuygonf/

okdYaomf olYrdwfaqGBuD;aemufwpfOD;

\ b0tqHk;owf&ef pdwful;rIrSm oluJhodk Y

r[kwfyg/ wrvGeftwGuf &du©mpkaqmif;MuyHk

jcif;rSm wlMuygonf/ 'gejyKum &du©mpkaqmif;

jcif;? oDvapmifhxdef;um &du©mpkaqmif;jcif;?

0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwfum &du©mpkaqmif;

jcif;? trsm;tusdK;o,fydk;um &du©mpkaqmif;jcif;

wdkYwGif wlnDrI&SdMuaomfvnf; 'kwd,yk*¾dKvfBuD;

\ tqHk;owfpdwful;rSm þodk Yjzpfygonf/

tkd&mrS emvmcsdefwGif aq;uk&efaiG&Sd&rnf/

cEm0ef odyfav;vmonhftcsdefwGif rnfolYudkrQ

'ku©ray;bJ tem;wGif aq;0g;wkdufauR;jyKpk

ay;rnhf empf (Nurse) xm;Edkif&rnf/ rnfolYxHrS

vufjzefYcH p&mrvdkbJ wHk;vHk;pmtwGuf&Sdae&

rnf[k qHk;jzwfum orD;awGvdIifvdIifyHhydk;orQudk

bPf wGif pkaqmif;odrf;qnf;ygawmhonf/

tu,fí olzsKd;ueJzswfueJaooGm;vQifvnf;

usef&pfol awGtwGuf &Sdapawmh[kqdkygonf/

þodkYvQif olYb0aemufqHk;aeY&ufrsm;twGuf

tultyHh aumif;aumif;jzihfaeEdkif&ef pDrHvsuf

&S d&m orD;vwfu þodk Yajymvmygonf/

]]azaz- roHk;&uf rpm;&ufeJ Y 'gavmuf

pkaqmif;raeygeJY? awmfMum vlu ewfjynfrSm

aiGubPfrSm jzpfaeyhgr,f}} [k owday;yg

onf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap rdwfaqGBuD;ESpfOD;\

tjrif&SdrI (or®m'd|d) tawG;tBuHrSefuefrI (or®m

ouFyÜ)? rSefuefaomtoufarG;rI (or®mtmZD0)

rSefuefaomowd? 0d&d,? orm"d&SdrI tp&Sdaom

rSefuefajzmihfrwfaomvrf;aMumif;ay:wGif

avQmufvSrf;aeMujcif;wdkYaMumihf ypöKyÜefb0 wGif

atmifjrifvsuf&SdMuonhftjyif oHo&mwGif

vnf; atmifjrifrnfrSm {uefrkcsjzpfygonf/

odkYaomf atmifjrifjcif;twl rnfol

jrwfovJ[kar;vmygu-

]]avmbudkcsKyfowfEd ki foluom

tjrwfqHk;[k ,HkMunfygonf/}}

pdk;0if;(acsmuf)

zdkvfÓPfudk &wJhtcsdefupNyD; rysufrpD;wnf&Sd

aewJh o'gw&m;yg/

- ]MouyÜeo'g} qdkwm or®morÁK'

tp&Sdaom *kPfawmf&SifjzpfawmfrlwJh Ak'bk&m;

ocif? oGmu©mw tp&Sdaom *kPfawmfajcmuf

yg;eJYjynhfpHkawmfrlwJhw&m;awmf? okyÜ#dyEéwm-

tp&Sdaom *kPfawmfrsm;eJY jynhfpHkawmfrlwJh

oHCmawmfwdkYtay: MunfndKrSDcdkrI,HkMunfjcif;

[m b,folzsufzsuf rysufjcif;? wkefvIyfacsmuf

csm;rIr&Sdjcif;? ckdifNrJjcif;yJjzpfw,f/

- ]yom'o'¨g} uawmh qdkcJhNyD;wJh

twdkif; MunfndKjcif;oufoufrQomjzpfvdk Y

jzpfvG,f-ysufvG,f o'gw&m;ygyJ/

b,folzsufzsuf rysufwJh? bmt

aMumif;aMumihfrS rwkefvIyfracsmufcsm; rysuf

jym;wJh ]MouyÜeo'gw&m;} vufudkifxm;EkdifMu

ygapvdkY qEjyKwifjytyfygaMumif;../

(EdkifiHawmfAk'¨omoer[mAk'¨0if wwd,wGJ?

Ak'&wemrS udk;uG,fa&;om;onf)/

earmor®morÁK'¨ó-rHk&GmaeZm

pmrsufESm 6 rS

20"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON BODHIPAKKIYA DI-PANI

-

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDqa&;om;jyKpkaa&;om;jyKpkaa&;om;jyKpkaa&;om;jyKpkaa&;om;jyKpka

aAm"dyu©dTHE BODHIPAK

OR

THE MANUAL OF THE FACTORSby

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo

,ciftywfrStquf

xdkuJhodkYolwdkYonf o'gqE ao;EkyfMuonhftwGuf txuf

xufaom 0dok'dwdkYudk ,ckb0ü rdrdwdkY&xkdufaom rdrdwdkYqkdif&m rdrdwdkY

tarG Opöm[líyif txifr&SdMuukef? vHkYv0D&d,ao;EkyfMuonhftwGuf

ttdyftaeudk NcdK;NcHí aeY&Snf&ufrsm; tm;xkwf&aom trIrsdK;qdkvQif

xdktrIü pdwfr&SdMuukefNyD/ rjzpfEdkifaomtrI[lí ypfy,fíxm;Muukef

\/ pdwfapwem ao;EkyfMuonhftwGuf xdktrI• tckdiftNrJ pdwfpGJrI

r&SdMuukef/ olwyg;wdkYpdwfxif&m ajymqdkMuaom emem0g'pum;udk Mum;

wkdif; Mum;wkdif; pdwfajymif;íaeMu\/ todynm ao;EkyfonhftwGuf

rdrdwdkYESihf xkdufwefaom tvkyfr[kwf[k pGefYy,fí xm;Muukef\/ xdkuJhodkY

aom olwdkYudkjrifawmfrlí-

]]qEd'dyg'H bma0wd? 0D&d,d'dyg'H bma0wd? pdwåd'dyg'H bma0wd?

0DrHod'dyg'H bma0wd}}/- [lí a[mawmfrlonf/

rd½dk;zvmtm;jzihf ao;EkyfíaeaomqE ponfwdkYudk BuD;yGm;

ívmatmif xlaxmifyGm;rsm;Mu&rnf[lvdk? BuD;yGm;ívmMurS qEwrsdK;ç

pdwfwrsdK;ay:EdkifMuavukefownf;/

6/ Ak'bmomü vl'kóDvç &[ef;'kóDvwdkYonf q|rolaX;

om; vlysufESihfwlukef\/

o&P*HkoHk;yg;ESihfwuG 5-yg;oDvç tmZD0|ru oDv[k qdktyf

aom edpöoDv rvHkNcHKMuukefaom vlrdef;rç vla,musfm;wdkYonf omoemh

tarGcH Oygoumt*Fgç Oygodumt*FgwdkYrS vGwfuGmí Oygoumysufç

Oygodumysuftjzpfü wnfMuukef\/ yg&mZdu usa&mufaom&[ef;ç

omraPwdkYonf bk&m;tarGcH &[ef;aumif;t*Fgç omraPaumif;t*Fg

wdkYrS vGwfuGmí &[ef;ysufç omraPysuftjzpfüom wnfMuukef\/

xdkolwdkYwGif vlwdkYrSm ig;yg;oDvç tmZD0|ru oDvwdkYudk ,ckaeYrSpí

apmifhxdef;ygawmhrnf[k aqmufwnfvQif ,aeYrSpí omoemhtarGcH

Oygoumç Oygodumrtjzpf a&mufEdkifMuukef\/ þum;- wpfOD;wnf;

aom tb\tarGcH om;ajr;t½dk; trsdK;yif rSefMuukefaomfvnf;

£'dyg'f av;yg;wGif wyg;yg; tajccH&SdMuaomolwdkYonfom rdrdwdkYqdkif

&m tarGOpömudk tukef&,l cHpHMu&ukefonf/ £'dyg'fav;yg;wGif wyg;

yg;rQ r&SdMuukefaom olwdkYonfum;- tvG,fwul tay:,du tcsdKUrQ

aom tarGudkom &,lcHpH&ukefonf/ tESpfom&jzpfaom tarGOpömBuD;

Those persons who possess iddhipa-da of pañña- (wis-dom) resemble the fourth son who was clever and ingenious.Such persons attain happiness and ease of mind only when theyare engaged in the attempt to acquire great knowledge that isdifficult to acquire, deep, and productive of great benefits.

Those persons who do not possess any of theiddhipa-das, who possess only inferior chanda, viriya, citta, andpañña-, resemble the fifth son who is easily satisfied with theunburied property. Such persons who lack saddha- and chandado not even possess the idea that the higher attainments of thevisuddhis are the heritages which they can acquire in this verylife. Because they lack viriya, they are reluctant to put forth ef-fort that requires the encountering of privations. They are liableto reject such effort as impossible. Because they are weak in theirvolition, their minds are not fixed on such kinds of work. Theychange their minds whenever they listen to various thereoriesand expositions. Because they lack knowledge and wisdom, theyreject such work as beyond their capabilities. It is because theBuddha had such persons in view that He said.

Chandiddhipa-dam bha-veti,Viriyiddhipa-dam bha-veti,Cittiddhipa-dam bha-veti,Vimamsiddhipa-dam bha-veti.In these words, the Buddha urged all beings to

strengthen their weak iddhipa-das such as chanda, etc. Thenonly can new desire and new thoughts arise.

In the Buddha Sa-sana, layfolk and Bhikkhus who aredefective in their moral conduct resemble the sixth son. Amonglayfolk, those persons who are defective in the establishment ofthe Ti-sarana, and the nicca silas of panca sila andajivatthamaka sila, do not possess the qualities of an upasakaor an upasika, who only are the heirs of the Sasana. AmongBhikkhus and samaneras, those who commit the parajika of-fences do not possess the qualities of a good Bhikkhu or a goodsamanera, who only are the heirs of the Sasana. If layfolk vowthat they would keep the panca sila or the ajivatthamaka silafrom today, they can immediately become upasakas and upasikaswho are heirs of the Sa-sana.

21"r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/


-

usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;awmfrlaomawmfrlaomawmfrlaomawmfrlaomawmfrlaom

u©d,'DyeDKKHIYA DI

-PANI

-

R

S LEADING TO ENLIGHTENMENTy

Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.o Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service.

rS tyjzpfMuukef\/ tcsdKUolwdkYu tvG,fwultay:,du tcsdKUrQudkyif

jzKef;wD;íypfMuojzihf bk&m;tarGç omoemhtarGrSty jzpfMuukefonf

[k tarGcHoltxl;tjym;udk jyqdkcPf;wnf;/

ted,wtarGcH

wenf;um;- ted,wtarGcHç ed,wtarGcHtm;jzihf ESpfyg;

&Sd\/ tMuifolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY tZÑwåcEmü aumif;aumif;BuD;xifjrif

aom tedpöÓPfç tewåÓPfudk w&HwqpfrQ r&bl;Muukef/ xdkolwdkY

onf ted,w tarGcHrnfukef\/ ted,wqdkonfum;- ,ckaeYü

oAÁnKbk&m; wynhfom;ç oAÁnKbk&m; tarGcHç eufjzefü wyg;aom

bk&m;wynhfom;ç wyg;aom bk&m;tarGcH jzpfMuukefvwåHU/ rdrdudk;uG,f

ívmcJhaom oAÁnKbk&m; omoemudkyif uJh&JU½Iwfcs zsufqD;Muukef

vwåHU/ avmuü Ak'bmomrS c&pf,HbmomodkYajymif;í Ak'bmomudk

uJh&JU½Iwfcs zsufqD;Muukef\/ aemufb0qdkzG,f&mr&SdNyD/ xdkYtwl onfv

ü oAÁnKbk&m;wynhf om;ç aemufvü wyg;aom bk&m;wynhfom;?

onfESpfü oAÁnKbk&m; wynhfom;ç aemufESpfü wyg;aom bk&m;wynhf

om;? yXrt&G,fü oAÁnKbk&m;wynhfom;ç 'kwd,t&G,fü wyg;aom

bk&m;wynhfom;? 'kwd,t&G,fü oAÁnKbk&m;wynhfom;ç wwd,t&G,f

ü wyg;aombk&m;wynhfom;ç wyg;aom bk&m;tarGcH jzpfMuukefvwåHU?

onfb0ü oAÁnKbk&m;wynhfom;ç oAÁnKbk&m;tarGcH? aemufb0ü

wyg;aombk&m;wynhfom;ç wyg;aom bk&m;tarGcH jzpfMuukefvwåHU/

eemow¬m&meH rkcH Oav’mauEÅDwd ykxkZÆem/

(y#dorÇd'gr*f ygVdawmf)

ememow¬m&meH? txl;xl;aomq&m? txlxl;aom bk&m;wdkY

\/ rkcH? rsufESmudk/ Oav’mauEÅd? warmharmh Munhfwwfukef\/ £wd?

xdkYaMumihf/ ykxkZÆem? ykxkZOfrnfukef\/

(qnf;uyfudk;uG,fonfudk warmharmhMunhfrI qkdonf/)

t"dyÜm,fum;- ykxkZOfowå0gwdkYrnfonf terw*¾ oHo&mü

udk;uG,f&mXme NrJonf[kr&SdMu? ,ckaeYü wrsdK;ç eufjzefí wrsdK;?

onfvü wrsdK;ç aemufvüwpfrsdK;? onfESpfüwrsdK;ç aemufESpfü wrsdK;?

onft&G,füwrsdK;ç aemuft&G,füwrsdK;? onfb0üwrsdK;ç aemufb0ü

This illustration shows how of the many persons whoare truly in the line of heritage of the one Father (the Buddha),only those who possess one or other of the four iddhipadas asfoundation can enjoy the full benefits of the heritages. Personswho do not possess one or other of the four iddhipadas get theopportunity to enjoy only some of the superficial benefits of theheritages. They do not get the opportunity to enjoy the realessence of the heritages. Some persons do not get the opportu-nity of enjoying even the superficial benefits because they squan-der their heritages and thus become severed from the Buddha'sand the Sa-sana's heritages.

The heirs of the Sa-sana may also be classified into:1. Niyata heirs, and2. Aniyata heris.People who have never once obtained anicca ña-na and

anatta ña-na within themselves are called aniyata heirs. Aniyatameans that they many be the disciples of the Sabbannuta Bud-dha (Omniscient Buddha)–––or the heirs of the SabbannutaBuddha–––today, but they may become the disciples and heirsof another teacher tomorrow. They may even scorn and destroythe Sasana of the Sabbannuta Buddha. Even in the present worldthere are persons who have changed their faith from the BuddhaSasana, and who scorn and undermine the Buddha Sasana. Howeasily they can change after death in another birth can be imag-ined.

One can be a disciple of the Sabbannuta Buddha thismonth, and the disciple of another teacher next month. One canbe the disciple of the Sabbannuta Buddha this year, and thedisciple of another teacher the next. one can be the disciple of theSabbannuta Buddha in the first period of life and the disciple ofanother teacher in the second. One can be the disciple of theSabbannuta Buddha in the second period of life and the discipleof another in the third. One can be the disciple and heir of theSabbannuta Buddha in this life and the disciple and heir of an-other teacher in the next.

Thus in the Patisambhida-magga, the Buddha said––Na-nasattharanam mukham ullokentiti

22"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/


-

wrsdK; udk;uG,f&mbk&m; tpm;pm;tzHkzHk ajymif;MuNrJjzpfukef\/ terw*¾

oHo&m• oAÁnKbk&m;udk bk&m;[k udk;uG,fMu&aom b0um; tvGef

enf;yg;\/ &Hcg jA[®mudk bk&m;[k udk;uG,fMu&ukef\/ &Hcg odMum;udkç

&Hcg xdkxdkewfBuD;awGudkç &Hcg aeudkç &Hcg vudkç &Hcg xdkxdkeu©wfudkç

&Hcg bkr®Zdk;ewfBuD;ç bDvl;BuD;awGudk bk&m;[kudk;uG,fMu&ukef\/

avmuü tvGef,kwfrmarSmufrSm;aom rdpäm'd|dq&mBuD;awG

um; urÇmhwefqm? urÇmhajrpmuJhodkY tvGefw&maygrsm;Muukef\/

xdkrdpäm'd|d t,kwfwrmBuD;awGudk awGUrdawGU&m bk&m;[lí udk;uG,fMu

ukefaom b0wdkYum; tvGefrsm;jym;Muukef\/ &Hcg e*g;udkç &Hcg *VKefudkç

&Hcg jrpfudkç &Hcg awmifudkç &Hcg awmudkç &Hcg opfyifudkç &Hcg awmifydkY

udkç &Hcg rD;udkç &Hcg a&udk bk&m;[lí udk;uG,fMu&ukef\/ þodkYvQif

udk,fwGif;ü ouúm,'d|dtarSmuftrSm;BuD;&Sdaeukefaom ykxkZOfowå0g

wdkY\ wb0ç wb0vQif wrsdK;wrsdK; udk;uG,f&m bk&m;rnfonf avmu

"mwfü tvGefrsm;jym;\/ MuyfMuyf udk;uG,favav? tyg,fi&J MuyfMuyf

eufeJavomjzpf\/

þb0rS aemufüvnf; ouúm,'d|d tarSmuftrSm;BuD;ESifhwuG

usifvnfí oGm;Mu&ukefao;onf&Sdaomf wb0vQif wrsdK; wrsdK;

udk;uG,f&mbk&m;ajymif;í ajymif;í oGm;MuukefvwåHU/ ykxkZOftjzpf

onf aMumufbG,fç vefYbG,fç pufqkyfbG,fç &GH&SmbG,fç atmhtefbG,f

tvGefaumif;avpG/

(þum;- ememowåm&meH rkcH Oav’auEÅDwd ykxkZÆem-[laom

ygVdawmfjrwf\ t"dyÜm,f&yfwnf;/)

udk;uG,f&mbk&m;ajymif;a&TUvQif udk;uG,f&mw&m;vnf; wb0

vQif wrsdK;ajymif;a&TUMu&ukef\/ &Hcg oAÁnKbk&m;wdkYynwfaom

t"doDvw&m;udk udk;uG,fMu&ukef\/ &cg EGm;wdkY\ tavhtusihf[l

aom a*goDvç a*g0w w&m;wdkYudk udk;uG,fMu&ukef\/ &cg acG;wdkY\

tavhtusihf? &Hcg jrif;wdkY\ tavhtusihf? &Hcg qifwdkY\ tavhtusihf

ponfjzihf udk;uG,f&m oDvw&m;vnf; tvGefrsm;jym;\/

'd|dt&müvnf;- or®m'd|dw&m;udk udk;uG,f&aomb0 tvGef

enf;yg;\/ tvGef,kwfrmvSaom rdpäm'd|d"r®wdkYonf urÇmhwefqm urÇmh

ajrpmjzpfí tvGefaygrsm;Muukef\/ xdkw&m; xdkomoemwdkYudk udk;uG,f

&mjyKí vmMuukef\/ MuyfMuyfudk;uG,favav tyg,fi&J eufeJavav

csnf;omwnf;/

r[mtarSmuftrSm;

oHo&mü usifvnfMu&ukefaom ykxkZOfowå0gwdkYrSm trdkuf

trJ tarSmuftrSm; teEÅ&SdaeMuonfwGif udk;uG,f&mbk&m; arSmufrSm;

rIç udk;uG,f&mw&m; arSmufrSm;rIonf tvGefw&m emBuD;vSaom r[m

tarSmuftrSm;BuD;aywnf;/ tb,hfaMumifhenf;qdkaomf udk;uG,f&m

bk&m; arSmufrSm;cJhvQif tvHk;pHkaom udk,fusihfw&m;vnf; tukefarSmuf

rSm;awmhonf/ rEkówå 'kv’b[laom b0ya'omyifBuD;onf i&J

ya'omyifBuD;vHk;vHk; jzpfavawmhonf/

(þum;- ted,wtarGcHyk*¾dKvfwdkY\ a&SUodkYoGm;MuvwåHUaom

ted,wtvm;udk jyqdkcsufwnf;/)

(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

puthujjana-.(A puthujjana is so called becuase he looks up to the

faces of various teachers.)The meaning of this passage is that in the infinite past

samsa-ra, puthujjanas have never been constant in the choice ofteachers in whom they have taken refuge. It has been one teachertoday and another tomorrow. One teacher this month and an-other the next. One teacher this year and another the next. Oneteacher this life and another the next. The number of occasionson which they have approached and taken refuge in theSabbaññuta Buddha during the infinite past samsa-ra is very fewindeed. Sometimes, they have taken refuge in the Brahma, some-times in the Sakka, sometimes in the various devas, sometimes inthe sun, sometimes in the moon, sometimes in the planets, some-times in the spirits of the earth, and sometimes in the ogres, andthey have done so as if these 'refuges' were almighty.

In the world, the number of false teachers is very nu-merous. The number of existences in which puthujjanas haveapproached and takedn refuge in these false teachers is alsovery numerous. Sometimes they have refuge in the nagas, some-times in garulas, sometimes in rivers, sometimes in mountains,sometimes in forests, sometimes in trees, sometimes in hillocks,sometimes in fire, and sometimes in water. Thus, in nature, thenumber and kinds of teachers which puthujjanas, afflicted withsakkaya-ditthi have approached and taken refuge in are extremelynumerous. The more they approach and take refuge in thesefalse teachers, the more do they sink into the apaya and nirayalokas.

If further, beginning with this life, they continue to wan-der and drift in samsara replete with false attachments of sakkaya-ditthi, they will continue to change the teachers whom they ap-proach and take refuge in. How frightful, terrible, and nasty is thestate of a puthujjana.

This is the meaning of the passage, "nanasattharanammukham ullokentiti puthujjana."

On every occasion a puthujjana changes his teachersand refuges, a change also occurs in the doetrines and principlesthat he depends on for his guidance. Sometimes puthujjanashave depended on the adhisila dhamma (purified morality) ex-pounded by the Sabbannuta Buddha; sometimes on gosilagovata dhamma or the practices of cattle; sometimes on the prac-tices of dogs; sometimes on the practices of horses; and some-times on the practices of elephants. Thus the moral practiceswhich they have adopted and depended on are also very numer-ous. In the matter of ditthi (views), the number of existences inwhich they have adopted and depend on samma-ditthi (rightviewss) are extremely few. On the other hand, the number ofexistences in which they have adopted and depeded on micchaditthi (wrong views) are extremely numerous. The more they haveadopted and depended on these wrong views and practices, themore have they sunk deeeper and deeper--into the apaya andniraya lokas.

(To Be continued)

23"r®0D&onf ax&0g' ]oeEÅ&}xGef;um;&efjzpfonf/

TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA

,ciftywfrStquf

tyÜemxuf jzLqGwfaomtyÜem

ocFg½kayu©m\ e,ftus,ft0ef;onf....

opömEkavmr 0kXmewdkYwdkifatmifyif us,f0ef;jyefYajymvSacs\

avmuD\ txGwftxdyfÓPfjzpfaomaMumifhusufpm;o

avmufjyefYajym\/

udk,fNyD;udk,fydkif udkifvdk&m udkifEkdifNyDjzpfaomaMumihf tm½Hktxd

t&omvnf;&SdvS\/

taumif;BudKuform;jzpfu þae&mrS ½kwfw&wfrxwJhEkdif/

Oayu©mjyK\ Oayu©ma0'emudkvQif Oayu©mxyfjyKtm;

aumif;rS....

1/ jzpfysufZmwfESihf jzpfysufrpyf xyf[yfrdaejcif;

opömEkavmr?

2/ o'gÓPfwuf cyfoGufoGufjzihf £a`EwdkY &ifhusuf

vmjcif; 0kXme?

xdkESpfyg; ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;í&acsonf/

tu,fwdwd...

xyfaqmif;Oayu©mjyKu xkxnfraumif; vrf;cGwfvyfrSmyif

tcsKd;ajymif;oGm;aomf....

xkdÓPfESpfcif;qDrS ocFg½kayu©m\ 'Hk&if;'Hk&if;qDodk Yom

jyefvnfqif;oufvmawmh&acsonf/

pdwfpGrf;&nftvif;jy ta&mifrsm;uvnf; todÓPfoGuf

a&SUodkY xdk;wufoGm;pOfwkef;uavmuf tvif;t&Sdef rxdefNyD/

tu,fwdwd xyfaqmif;Oayu©mjyKu tm;aumif;aeawmhjcif;

Adkvftm;rsm;u tnDtrQ xrf;&Guf £a`E&ihfusuftm;yg aumif;aeawmh

jcif;odkY qdkufaeygaomf...

pdwfonf pifMu,fygonfqdkaom pdwfxuf pifMu,faeacs

onf?

pdwfjzLtm;aMumihfjzpfaom edrdwfta&mifvnf; wzdwfzdwf

wvufvuf ta&mifwufaeacsonf/

,if;orm"dedrdwfwef;BuD;udkum; vufjzihf zrf;udkifMunhfu xdr

wwf rdrwwfyif &Sdacsonf/ aeYcif;0,f wdrfruG,faom aea&mif

atmuf vljzwfavQmufaeygonfudk jrifae&onfh yHkrsKd;yif/

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdk Y ü

t&n0goDawm&yfrS Dvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f

a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom "ar®m0g'uxm

omoemawmfBuD;

\

a&aomufjrpfoHk;oG,f

(omoemtydkif;)

wpfzef r*fzdkvfwdkYrS wpfqifh edAÁmefodkY rsufarSmufjyKcGihf&awmh

rnfhtcsdefydkif;umv&Sd pdwfjzLpifrIonfum;...

]ykvJxuf tuJomaom ykvJxufyif} jzLpifawmufyvsufu

&Sdacsonf/

xfdk pdwfowdåaMumihfjzpfay:vmaom pdwftvif;a&mifonf

um; qvdkufrD;armif;jzihf xdk;xm;aom jrifuGif;xuf tqomapaom

xifvif;rIBuD;udk zefwD;ay;xm;vsufu &Sdacsonf/

¤if;\ Munfvifawmufytm;um; rmusL&DrD;vHk;BuD;rsm;\

tMunftm;xuf tqomaom Munftm;udk ay;aeacs&m jzpfpOf

orm"dedrdwf\ wzdwfzdwf wvufvuf ta&mifudkyif vTrf;rdk;xm;acs

onf/

xdktvif;a&mifBuD;rsm;atmufrS pkefcsnfqefcsnf jzwfavQmuf

ae&ygaom xdod½kyfemrfESpfyg;\ jzpfpOfwef;BuD;uvnf;...

xdwjcm;? odwjcm; wpfckpD cGJjcm;vsufu

csufwdkifrS &ifñGefY wpfzef &ifñGefYrS csufwdkifodkY oGufvufpGm

vIyf&Sm;vdkufygaeacsonf/ edrdwfoGm;&m xdodyg ruGmxdktwGJyif/

pdwf\ wnfaMumif; jzLpifaMumif;jy orm"dedredwfwef;BuD;

um;

r*fvrf;jy zdkvfvrf;jytjzpf odkYr[kwf ¤if;vuf0,f&Sd xdod

½kyfemrfrsm;tm; r*fodkY xdk;tyfay;aeonfyrm a&SUrS OD;aqmifvsufuom

oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;jyaeygonf/

xdkpOftawmtwGif;&Sd....

rSwfÓPfonfum;

]aordefYay;onfh w&m;olBuD;rif;\ pufwdkifteD;&yfMunhfae

onfhozG,f} i,fxdyfqDrS rdk;vsufrSwfcsufay;ae\/

todÓPfonfum; ]tmPmyg;uGufom;\ "m;toGm; wjyif

jyifES,f} vuf0J&ifñGefY\ tay:rSyif apmihfBudK&yfwnfvsufu oGuf

oGufuav; today;aeacs\/

owd\ csJUtm;aMumihf BuD;xGm;aeaom ½kyfedrdwfjzpfpOfwef;

BuD;um; tcsif;rsufESm0 (10)vufrrQ&Sd wdkifvHk;BuD;wpfvHk;yrm wpfvHk;

xD;xD; wufvdkufusvdkufvkyfae\/

r*frqdkufrD odkYr[kwf ½kyfemrfwdkY rcsKyfqHk;rD

puúefYydkif;twGif;wGifum; toduav; txl;oGufvufvm

24

]oeEÅ&} [lonf urÇmtpOftquf razmufrjyef rSefpGmwnf&Sdaom w&m;jzpfonf/

TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA

awmh\/

t½IcHjzpfpOfedrdwfBuD;um; rvIyfr,Suf wufvdkufusvdkuf/

xdkpOf...

txl;oGufvufaeaom xdktodav;onf

avSqif;ruRrf;usifol tnmom;wpfOD;yrm

olYaemufvdkufawmhrvdkvdkjzihfvnf; a&SUwdk;oGm;\/

wpfzef olYaMumufí aemufqkwfovdkvdkjzihfvnf; aemuf

wGefYae&pfjyef\/

þenf;þyHkjzihf wpfBudrfESpfBudrf oHk;BudrfrQtxdyif?

xdkYaemufwGifum;

oGm;vdkaomc&D;uvnf; roGm;vQif rNyD;pD;? roGm;vQifvnf;

rjzpf jzpfae&um;....

avSay:odkY t&JpGefY vGefYíqif;oGm;aom c&D;onfyrm tpGJ

od ½kyfemrfrsm;ESihf a&maESmvsuf&Sdaom xdkjzpfpOfedrdwfBuD; usoufoGm;

&m xGufav\aemuf aumufaumufyg vdkufcsoGm;cJhNyD/

tysufudkzsuf wpfpufrusef

vuf0J&ifñGefYay:rS ckefqif;um vdkufygoGm;aom xdktod

av;onf

jzpfpOfwef;BuD;\ tprStqHk;twGif;0,f....

twGif;tjyif awmufavQmuftm;vHk;udkvQif arTaESmufacsmuf

jcm;vsufu wpfprusef odydkifay;vdkuf&m

odp&mvnf;ukef todvnf;csKyfodkY

wpfrk[kwfcsif; xdk;qif;usoufoGm;acsawmhonf/

þtqihf&Sd odyHkum; txJ0iftjyifxGuf tvHk;pHktukefodcsuf

atmufatmuftqifhrsm;&Sd odyHkum; oljyorQudkomMunhf

tay:,Htod?

odydkifyHkum; þrQtxd tcGihfta&; uGmjcm;Mu\/ odkYaMumihf

0dyóemÓPftqihfqifhwdkY&Sd todum; {nhfodrQom jzpfMu&

NyD; þopömEkavmrÓPf(opömESihf qDavsmfvdkufzufaom (0g) opöm

odkY qdkufapaom aygif;ul;ÓPf)odkYr[kwf r*fuscgeD;\ todum; tdrf

&Sifod bk&ifod todrsKd;yrmyif/

xdkodkY odydkifap&mü....

tjriftm;jzihf tpdkiftcJ[lí trsm;todtrSwfjyKxm;aom

tcGHcGmNyD;iSufaysmoD;rSnhfwpfvHk;tm; tvGefaZmif;aom ZGef;wpfacsmif;

jzihf oGufvufpGm arTaESmufacgufay;vdkuf&m....

t&nfaysmfqif; wpfrk[kwfcsif; vHk;&yfBuD;uif;&Sif;oGm;onf

yrm? xdod½kyfemrfrsm;\ udk,fpm; vSnhfvnfusufpm;vsuf&Sdaom

oP²mefedrdwf þynwf&dyfBuD;udkvnf; tvGefvnf;oGuf tvGefvnf;

xufvSaom todÓPfBuD;jzihf pl;&Sxda&mufpGm ½IMunhfay;vdkufav

aomtcg...

oP²mefedrdwf uif;qdwf&modkY xdk;qdkufoGm;cJh&acsNyD/

bmrQr&Sdaom t&monf bmrQr&Sd&modkY xGufcGmoGm;&acsNyD/

¤if;oP²mefedrdwf ynwf&dyfBuD;ESihftwl

"mwfav;yg;wdkY ysufpD;aeMu&mrS ay:aygufcJh&onfh ½kyfemrf

jzpfpOfBuD;?

udavomaxmuful pdwfrnf;wlwdkYaMumihf vIyf&Sm;ay;ae&

onfh ½kyfemrfjzpfpOfBuD;

¤if;wdkYvnf; bmrQr&Sd&mrS bmrQr&Sd&modkY aysmufuG,fcsKyfqHk;

oGm;Mu&acsNyD/

onfwpfyGJum; igpGJuif;aom xdodESpfcif; aordefYay;cH&jcif;

wnf;/

(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

qEtmv,&Sdygao;oavm[k ar;jref;ajymqdkMu\/

]]igY&SifwdkY igYtm; vlxGufvdkaom tmomqE tmv, r&Sdyg

NyD}} [k t&SifeErax&fu jyefMum;ajymqdk\/

xdktcg &[ef;wdkYu ]t&SifeEonf r[kwfrrSef vdrfvnfvSnhf

jzm;vsuf xif&Sm;r&Sdaom w&m;udk xif&Sm;&Sdonf[k ajymqdkbdonf/

t&[wåzkdvfpum;udk ajzMum;ajymqdkbdonf/ vGefavNyD;aom aeYwdkYü

jrwfaomtusihf0,f NiD;aiGUjcif;&Sdonf[k ajymqdkzl;ygvsuf ,ckrSwpfzef

igYtm; vlYabmifb0tvdkYiSm tmv,r&Sdyg[k ajymqdkjyefbdonf}} [k

ajymqdkMuNyD;aomf jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifxHawmfodkY csOf;uyfMuNyD;vQif xdkodkY

aom taMumif;wdkYudk avQmufMum;Muukef\/

xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu þodk Yrdef YqdkawmfrlNyD;aemuf

a'oemawmf*gxmudk a[mMum;awmfrlonf/

]cspfom; &[ef;wdkY vGefavNyD;aomaeYwdkYü eE´\ cE¨mudk,f

twåabmonf raumif;ojzihf rdk;tkyftyfaomtdrfESihfwl\/ þ,ck

tcgüum; aumif;pGmrdk;xm;tyfaom tdrfESihfwlonfjzpf\/ xdkpum;

onf oihf\/ cspfom; &[ef;wdkY þeEonf ewforD;wdkYudk awGUjrifaom

umvrSpí &[ef ;udp öwp fpruse f Ny D ;q H k ;&e f taMumi f ;u d k

aumif;pGmaom 0D&d,txl;wdk Yjzihf vGefpGmtm;xkwfjcif;t&aMumihf

xdk&[ef;udpöonf wpfpruseftrSefNyD;qHk;jcif;odkY a&mufavownf;} [k

rdefYawmfrlí þatmufyg *gxmwdkYudk a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/

*gxm-13/ / raumif;ojzihf rdk;xm;tyfaom tdrfudk rdk;a&

aygufonf 0ifa&mufxdk;azmufEk difouJhodk Y xdk Ytwl 0dyóem

½IyGm;rIr&Sdaom pdwfudk udavom&m*onf xdk;azmufzsufqD;Ekdif

\/

*gxm-14/ / aumif;pGmrd k;xm;tyfaom tdrfud k rd k;a&

aygufonf 0ifa&mufrxdk;azmufEkdifouJhodk Y xdk Ytwl 0dyóem

wdkYjzihf yGm;rsm;tyfaom pdwfudk udavom&m*onf rxdk;azmuf

zsufqD;Ekdif/

a'oemawmf\ tqHk;ü rsm;pGmaom &[ef;awmfwdkYonf

aomwmywdåzdkvfponfwdkYodkY qdkufa&mufawmfrlMuavukef\/

Nidrf;csrf;OD;

pmrsufESm 26 rS

25

ax&0g'onf umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömjzpfonf/

COVER SPECIAL FEATURES

rsufESmzk H;rSContinue from front page

*gxm(14) ,xm t*g&H okpäEéH? 0k|D eorwd0dZÑwd

{0H okbm0dwH pdwåH? &ma*ge orwd 0dZÑwd/

- raumif;ojzihf rdk;xm;tyfaom tdrfudk rdk;a&ayguf

onf 0ifa&mufxdk;azmufEk difouJhodk Y? xdk Ytwl 0dyóem½IyGm;

rIr&Sdaom pdwfudk udavom&m*onf xdk;azmufzsufqD;Ekdif\/

- aumif;pGm rdk;xm;tyfaom tdrfudk rdk;a&aygufonf

0ifa&mufrxdk;azmufEkdifouJhodkY? xdkYtwl 0dyóem bm0emwdkYjzihf

yGm;rsm; tyfaom pdwfudk udavom&m*onf rxdk;azmuf rzsuf

qD;Ekdif/

þa'oemawmfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf om0wd¬jynf

aZw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf t&SifeE´rax&fudk

taMumif;jyKí a[mMum;awmfrlonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf xd ktcs defu &mZN*d K[fjynfod k Y

<ua&mufawmfrlí a0VK0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk;awmfrlaeonf&Sd

aomf om;awmfjrwfpGmbk&m;tm; yihfaqmif&ef crnf;awmf oka'g'erif;

BuD;onf apvTwftyfukefaom wpfaxmifaom y&dowfAdkvfyg tNcH

t&H&Sdukefaom wrefwpfusdyfwdkYwGif tvHk;pHkaom wrefwdkY\ aemufqHk;

ü oGm;í t&[wåzdkvfodkYa&mufaom umVK'g,Drax&favQmufxm;

onfjzpfí &[EÅmaygif;ESpfaomif;NcH&Hvsuf arG;&yfXmeD uydv0wfjynf

odkY jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif<uawmfrlí uydv0wfjynfodkY a&muf&Sdawmfrlaomf

aqGawmfrsKd;awmfwdkY\ tpnf;ta0;BuD;ü ]a0óEÅ&mZmwfawmf} udk

a[mMum;awmfrlonf/

eHeufrdk;aomuf 'kwd,aeYodkYa&mufaomtcg qGrf;cHjcif;tvdkY

iSmNrdKUawmfodkY0ifawmfrlonf&Sdaomf crnf;awmfrif;w&m;BuD;\ avQmuf

xm;csuft&aMumihf ]Owdåa|eyÜraZÆ,s} tp&Sdaom *gxmjzihf &Gwfqdkí

"r®a'oemawmfcsD;jr§ihfawmfrlonfwGif? crnf;awmfoka'g'erif;BuD;onf

aomwmywdåzkdvfü wnfav\/

xdkYaemuf bk&ihfeef;awmfodkYa&mufvmaomtcg ]"r®Íöa&okc

&dwH} tp&Sdaom *gxmawmfudk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD; ur®|mef;w&m;

csD;jr§ihfay;awmfrlí? crnf;awmfrif;w&m;BuD;tm; ou'g*grdzdkvfü

wnfapawmfrlNyD;aomf qGrf;pm;jcif;udpöNyD;qHk;aomtcg &m[kvmrmwm?

,aomf"&mrdzk&m;\ taqmifodkY <u0ifawmfrlí &m[kvmrmwm

,aomf"&mrdzk&m;\ *kPfaus;Zl;pum;udk trSDjyKvsuf ]pEudEé&DZmwf

awmf} udka[mMum;awmfrlonf/ &m[kvmrmwm,aomf"&mrdzk&m;

qdkonfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif;awmf od'w¬rif;om;b0uawmfpyfcJh

aom tavmif;awmf\ rdzk&m;BuD;jzpfavonf/

wwd,aeYajrmuftus0,f zatwl? ratuGJ? nDawmf eE

rif;om;\ tbdodufoGef;r*Fvm? tdrfwufr*Fvm? xdrf;jrm;jcif; r*Fvm

wdkYonfjzpfukefonf&Sdaomf qGrf;cHcsD;jr§ihfjcif;tvdkYiSm <u0ifawmfrlí?

r*Fvmw&m;awmfa[mMum;awmfrlNyD;vQif nDawmfeErif;om;\ vufodkY

oydwfawmfudkay;tyfvsuf ae&mrSxí <uoGm;awmfrlonf&Sdaomf

eErif;om;\vufrS oydwfawmfudk r,lbJomvQif <uoGm;awmfrl\/

eErif;om;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifü ½dkaoaomtm;jzihf t&Sifbk&m;\

oydwfawmfudk ,lawmfrlyg[k qdkjcif;iSm r0HhavaomaMumifh oydwfawmf

udk ydkufvsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;aemufawmfrS vdkufygoGmawmhav\/

r*Fvmowd k YorD; jzpfol rif;orD;Zey'uvsmPDonf

aemifawmf bk&m;&Sif\aemufawmfyg;rS tpOfwpdkuf vdkufygoGm;aom

so does lust penetrate an undeveloped mind 13Even as rain does not penetrate a well-thatched house, so doeslust not penetrate a well-developed mind 14Meditating for the sake of a girl (Nanda)

Once the Buddha was residing at the Veluvana monas-tery in Ra-jagaha. His father King Suddhodana repeatedly sentmessengers to the Buddha requesting him to visit the city ofKapilavatthu.

Accordingly, the Buddha made the journey in the com-pany of a large number of Arahants. On arrival at Kapilavatthu, herelated the Vessantara- Jataka to the assembly of his relatives.

On the second day, he entered the city, where he recitedthe verse beginning with 'Uttitthe Nappamajjema...' (i.e, oneshould arise and should not be unmindful...) His father attainedSotapatti upon listening to this verse.

On arrival at the palace, the Buddha recited another versebeginning with 'Dhammam care sucaritam

....' (i.e one should prac-

tise the Dhamma....) the King attained Sakadagami. After thealmsgiving he narrated the Canda Kindari Jataka, with referenceto the virtues of Rahula's mother, who had been the Buddha'swife before his renumciation.

On the third day, the marriage of Prince Nanda, the step-brother of the Buddha was being celebrated, the Buddha went toNanda's house for alms and handed his alms bowl to Prince Nanda.Then the Buddha departed without taking back the bowl. So theprince had to follow the Buddha because it would have beendisrespectful to return the bowl.

The bride, Princess Janapada Kalyani, seeing the princefollowing the Buddha rushed forth and cried out to the prince tocome back soon. At the monastery, the prince was admitted intothe Order as a bhikkhu.

Later, the Buddha moved into the monastery at Jeta Parkin Sa-vatthi. While residing there Nanda was discontented andhalf-hearted and found little pleasure in the life of a bhikkhu. Hewanted to return to the life of a householder, imploring him toreturn soon.

Knowing this, the Buddha, by supernormal power,showed Nanda the beautiful female devas of the Tavatimsa worldwho were far prettier than Princess Janapada Kalyani.

Nanda was told that he could have one of them if hestrove hard in the prince of the Dhamma. Other bhikkhus ridi-culed Nanda by saying that he was like a hireling who practisedthe Dhamma for the sake of a beautiful girl.

Nanda felt very much tormented and ashamed. So, inseclusion, he store diligently in the practice of the Dhamma andeventually attained Arahanthood. As an Arahant, his mind wastotally released from all attachment, and naturally his mind waspurified of lustful thoughts of any kind. This has been foreseenby the Buddha right from the very beginning.

Orther bhikkhus, having known that Nanda was nothappy in the life of a bhikkhu, again asked him how he was faring.When he answered that he had no more attachments to the life ofa householder, they doubted Nanda and they informed the Bud-dha about the matter.

The Buddha then explained to them that previously, thenature of Nanda was like that of an ill-roofed house, but now, ithad developed and was like a well-thatched dwelling.

26 umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömonf tESpfom& oabm&Sd\/

COVER SPECIAL FEATURE

eErif;om;udk Munhfí oem;zG,f&maom toHudkjzpfapvsuf þpum;

jzihf [pfa<u;rSmMum;vdkufavonf/

]tdk armifawmfbk&m;? tvsiftjrefomvQif jyefvmawmfrlcJh

ygavmh}

,if;odkY Zey'uvsmPD rif;orD;\ [pfa<u;rSmMum;vdkufaom

pum;oHonf? eErif;om;\ ESvHk;om;xJü zDvmoG,fus oHr,fepGJbd

ouJhodkY tNrJpl;0ifí wnfav\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonfvnf; nDawmf

eE´rif;om;\ vufrS oydwfawmfudk r,lrlíomvQif tpOftwdkif;

<uoGm;í xdkeErif;om;udk ausmif;awmfodkY aqmifawmfrlNyD;vQif nDawmf

eE? toifonf &[ef;jyKvwåHUavm[k ar;awmfrl\/

eErif;om;vnf; aemifawmfbk&m;ü vGefpGm½dkaoonfjzpfaom

aMumihf wynhfawmfonf &[ef;jyKygtHh[k ravQmufxm;bJ aumif;vSyg

NyD aemifawmfbk&m;? &[ef;jyKygtHh[kavQmufxm;\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif

onf cspfom;&[ef;wdkY? xdkodkYjzpfvQif ig\ nDawmfeEudk &[ef;jyKMu

ukefavmh[kapcdkif;awmfrlojzihf eErif;om;udk &[ef;jyKawmfrl\/

þonhfaemuf0,f jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf om0wd¬ jynf

rGefaZw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlonf&Sdaomf t&SifeE onf

NiD;aiGUí &[ef;taygif;wdkYtm; ]igY&SifwdkY igonf jrwfaomtusihfudk

rarGUavsmfbJ usihfae&\/ igonf jrwfaomtusihfudk usihfBuHtm;xkwf

aejcif;iSm rpGr;fEkdifacs/ odu©mudkpGefYypfy,fcs vltjzpfjzihfom aeawmh

tHh} [k ajymMum;av\/

xdkodkY nDawmfeErax&fajymqdkaomtaMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;

Mum;odawmfrlí nDawmfeE´udk ac:awmfrlNyD;vQif þonhfpum;udk

ajymMum;onfrSm [kwfrSefayoavm[kar;jref;awmfrl&m nDawmfeE´

rax&fu [kwfrSefaMumif; 0efcHavQmufxm;aomf? ]igYnDeE toif onf

tb,faMumihf rarGUavsmfbJ jrwfaomtusihfudk usihfíaebdoenf;

tb,faMumihfjrwfaomtusihfü usihfBuHtm;xkwfjcif;iSm rpGrf;Ekdif

avoenf;/ tb,faMumihf &[ef;odu©my,fpGefYcGmí vlxGufaejcif;iSm

tvdk&Sdygoenf;} [k ar;awmfrlaomtcg nDawmfeErax&fu jyefMum;

avQmufxm;av\/

]bkef;awmfBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSygaom jrwfpGmbk&m;? omuD0if

rif;orD;jzpfaom ESrawmf Zey'uvsmPDonf ajy&Sif;oef Ypif

udk,fiifjzefYvsuf xuf0ufrQ NzD;tyfaom qHyifwdkYjzihf tdrfawmfrS

xGufcGmvmaom nDawmfudk Munhf½INyD;aomtcg t&Sifavmif;om;

armifawmfbk&m; a&Smifwciftjref jyefvSnhfawmfrlcJhygavmh[k rSmMum;

vdkufygonf/ ,if;odkY ESrawmf rSmMum;vdkufaom pum;udk nDawmfonf

tzefwvJvJ tNrJwaphaph BuHatmufarhaomaMumihf omoemawmfü

raysm far G UbJ vlxGufvd kaom qE´om&S daeygonfbk&m;} [k

eE´rax&favQmufxm;av\/

xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf t&SifeEudk vufarmif;ü udkifiif

qGJ,lvsuf wefcd k;awmftpGrf;jzih f txufom0wd Homewf&Gmodk Y

ac:aqmifawmfrlí vrf;c&D;tMum;? rD;avmifxm;aom opfikwfxuf

ü xdkifaeaom jywfaomem;? ESmacgif;? tNrD;&Sdaom arsmuftdkr

wpfaumifudk jyawmfrlNyD;aomf wm0wd Homewfjynfü odMum;ewfrif;

tm; cpm;vkyfauR;jcif;iSm vmMuukefaom cdkajctqif;&Sdaom ewforD;

ig;&mwdkYudk jyawmfrl\/

þodkY odMum;rif;xH cpm;&ef vmMuukefaom ewforD;ig;&m

wdkYudk ñTefjyawmfrlNyD;aomf jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]eEtodkYenf;? omuD0if

rif;orD;jzpfaom ESroufvsm Zey'uvsmPDESihf þonhfXme þa'o

From the day Nanda saw the beautiful female devas ofthe Tavatimsa world, he stove to gain release from Samsara thecycle of birth and death. The Buddha then confirmed that Nandahad indeed won the ultimate goal of a bhikkhu by realising thefour Noble Truths and becoming an Arahant.

Then the Buddha spoke in verse as follows:verse(13):Even as rain penetrates an ill-thatched house, so does

lust penetrate an undeveloped mind,verse(14):Even as rain not penetrate well-thatahced house, so

does lust not penetrate a well-developed mind.At the conclusion of the discourse, many bhikkhus were

benefited and realised the Dhamma.Nyain Chan Oo

ü awGU&jrif&cdkajcoP²mef yrmPuJhodkY eDjref;aomtqif;ta&mift0g

&Sdukefaom ewforD;ig;&mwdkYwGif tb,folu omvGefívSyygoenf;/

tb,folu ½IcsifhpzG,f&Sdygoenf;} [kar;awmfrl\/

]bkef;awmfBuD;jrwfawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;? omuD0ifrif;

orD;jzpfaom Zey'uvsmPDonf? usKd;yJhpkwfjywfaom ESmacgif;? em;?

tNrD;&Sdaom? t½dk;acgacgtaMumNydKif;NydKif;xaom ajrmuftdkrESihf wlyg

awmhonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; þig;&maom ewforD;wdkYESihf axmufpmonf

&Sdaomf Zey'uvsmPDonf a&wGufjcif;odkY ra&mufyg/ wpfpdwfwpfzdkY

rQaomfvnf; rrDEkdifyg/ pifppfrSmum; þewforD;ig;&mwdkYonf tqif;

ta&mift0gtvGefw&myifvSygonf/ ½IMunhfcsifpzG,f&SdvSygonf

bk&m;} [k avQmufMum;\/

]eE toifonf jrwfaomtusihfü arGUavsmfbdavmh/ igbk&m;

onf toihftm; cdkajctqif;uJhodkY &Sdukefaom xdkewforD; ig;&mwdkYESihf

arGUavsmfaysmfyg;jcif;udk &aptHh} [k jrwfpGmbk&m; rdefYawmfrl\/

]bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m; wynhfawmfonf

jrwfaomtusihfü aysmfydkufygawmhtHh} [k eEax&fu avQmufxm;\/

xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf eErax&fudk ac:aqmifawmfrlcJh

í wm0wd Homewfjynfü uG,fvGefcJhojzihf aZw0efausmif;awmfü

aysmfpHaeawmfrlonfhtvm; xif&Sm;jzpfawmfrl\/

&[ef;wdkYonfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ rdaxG;awmf a*gwrD

\ om;awmfeE´rax&f ewforD;wdk Yudk &vdkaomtaMumif;aMumihf

aumif;jrwfaom tusihfudkusihfowwf[lí rMumcP jyuf&,fjyKMu

onfudk NiD;aiGUpdwfnd§K;&SufpEdk; pufqkyfjcif;&SdvSonfjzpfí wpfa,muf

wnf;omvQif qdwfNidrf&mt&yfodkY uyfvsuf rarhravsmh jyif;pGmaom

vHkYv0D&d,jzihf orx0dyóem bm0emur®|mef;wkdYü pD;jzef;yGm;rsm;

aeonf&Sdaomf rMumrDyifvQif tvGeftusL; txl;aumif;jrwfaom

tusihfudk rsufarSmufb0üyif udk,fwkdifodí rsufarSmufjyKvsufuyf

a&mufae av\/

t&SifeEonf y#doaEaejcif; ukefavNyD/ jrwfaom tusihfudk

usihfNyD;avNyD/ jyKzG,fudpöudkjyKtyfNyD/ tjcm;aom twåabm\ tjzpf

onfr&SdawmhNyD[k aumif;pGmxdk;xGif;í odNyD/ t&SifeEonf &[EÅmwdkY

wGif wpfyg;tygt0ifjzpfavNyD/ xdkodkY t&SifeEonf t&[wåzdkvfodkY

rsufarSmufjyKaomtjzpfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;\ a&TÓPfawmfjzihf xif&Sm;

odjrifawmfrlESihfonf/

xdkrSaemufwpfaeYa&mufaomtcg &[ef;wdkYonf t&SifeEudk

igY&SifeE´ toifonf a&S;tcgu jrwfaomtusihfü NiD;aiGUonf[k

qdkacsonf/ þ,cktcgwGifum; todkYenf;/ toiftm; vlxGufvdkaom

pmrsufESm 24 odkY

27

umvtvdkuf? a'otvdkuf? rSefaomopömonf toGifoP²mefoabm&Sd\/

COVER SPECIAL FEATURE

Ak'¨

avmuom;wdk Y\ tEIdif;rJ haus;Zl;&Sifavmuom;wdk Y\ tEIdif;rJ haus;Zl;&Sifavmuom;wdk Y\ tEIdif;rJ haus;Zl;&Sifavmuom;wdk Y\ tEIdif;rJ haus;Zl;&Sifavmuom;wdk Y\ tEIdif;rJ haus;Zl;&Sifuk d,fusih fAk'¨0if ed'gef;rSuk d,fusih fAk'¨0if ed'gef;rSuk d,fusih fAk'¨0if ed'gef;rSuk d,fusih fAk'¨0if ed'gef;rSuk d,fusih fAk'¨0if ed'gef;rS

q&mBuD;q&mBuD;

q&mBuD;q&mBuD;

q&mBuD;-OD;a&Tatmif

Ak'¨tvdkawmfus usihfpOfokH;qihf

&weokwfawmft& qkd&vQif vlwkdif;

ü usihfpOfokH;qihf&Sdonf/ xkdokH;qihfwdk YwGif

yxrusihfpOftqihfrSm avmutwGufjzpf\/

,if;ukd avmuwåp&d,[k qkd\/ 'kwd,tqihf

taejzihf rdrd\EkdifiHESihf trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf

jzpf\/ ,if;ukd Óww¦p&d,[k qkd\/ wwd,

tqihftaejzifh rdrdtwGufESihf rdrd\rdom;pk

twGufjzpf\/ ,if;ukd twåw¦p&d,[k qkd\/

rdrdtwGufESihf rdom;pktwGufqkdaomfvnf; rdrd

twGufESih f rdom;pktwGuf oD;jcm;r[kwf?

avmuESihfvnf; pyf\/ rdrd\EkdifiH? rdrd\

trsKd;om;rsm;ESihfvnf; pyf\/ rdrd\EkdifiH? rdrd\

trsKd;om;rsm;ESihfvnf; pyf\/ rdrdtm;aumif;

vQif tm;aumif;onfESihftrQ avmutwGuf

vnf; ykdíaqmif&GufEkdif\/ rdrd\EkdifiHESihf rdrd\

trsKd;om;rsm;twGufvnf; ykdíaqmif&GufEkdif

\/ trSeftm;jzihf rdrdtm;aumif;ygrS rdrd\

EkdifiHESihf rdrd\trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf ykdíaqmif

&GufEkdif\/ rdrd\EkdifiHESihf rdrd\trsKd;om;rsm;

tm;aumif;vQif tm;aumif;onfESih ftrQ

avmutwGuf ydkíaqmif&GufEkdif\/ xkdYaMumihf

rdrd\tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd jrihfrm;onfxuf jrihfrm;

atmif aqmif&Gufjcif;onf rdrd\EkdifiHESihf rdrd\

trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf tokH;cs&efjzpf\/ rdrd\

EkdifiHESihf rdrd\trsKd;om;rsm;\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk

jrihfrm;onfxuf jrihfrm;atmif aqmif&Gufjcif;

onf avmutwGuf tokH;cs&efjzpf\/ þodkY

aqmif&GufygrS ]vl} taejzihf vlYb0ukd &usKd;

eyfrnfjzpf\/ xkdtcg ]vl} onf vltaejzihf

rdrd\usih fpOfokH;qihfukd aqmif&Guf&mwGif

&weokwfvm yef;wkdifoabmt& avmu

tusKd;ukd yxrxm;&ma&muf\/ rdrd\tusKd;

ukd aemufqkH;xm;&ma&muf\/ þodkY xm;&m

a&mufjcif;iSm cHpm;rIqkdif&m tusKd;taejzihf

xm;&ma&mufjcif; jzpf\/ ]r db} [lonf

vkyfief;ESihfywfoufvmvQif rdrduom tepfem

cH Ny D; tusK d;c Hpm;rIESih f ywfoufvmvQif

om;orD;rsm;ukd OD;pm;ay;onhfoabmrsKd;jzpf

\/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif temcHp&m&Sd

ygu rdrdukd yxrxm;\/ tompHp&m&Sdygu

om;orD;rsm;ukd yxrxm;\/ þodkYusihfaqmif

&ef jrwfpGmbk&m;u oGefoifawmfrljcif;jzpf\/

tompHjcif;? temcHjcif;wdk YESih f ywfoufí

jrwfpGmbk&m; oGefoifawmfrlonhftwkdif;

vkdufemEkdifrnfqkdvQif avmuonf rnfrQ

csrf;omí rnfrQNidrf;csrf;rnfukd rSef;qí Munhf

Ekdifrnfjzpf\/

twåy"meusih fpOfrsm;

jrwfpGmbk&m; yGihfawmfrrlrDuqkdvQif

vlwdkYonf ykxkZOfwdkY\ "r®wmtwkdif; ]umr}

ESihf ywfoufvmvQifvnf; ]rdrd} ukdom yxr

xm;\/ ]twå} ESihfywfoufvmvQifvnf; ]rdrd}

ukdom yxrxm;\/ ]"r®} ESihfywfoufvmvQif

vnf; ]rdrd} ukdom yxrxm;\/ ]armu©} ESihf

ywfoufvmvQifvnf; ]rdrd} ukdom yxrxm;

\/ xkdYaMumihf xkdacwfusihfpOfrsm;ukd igaumif;

pm;a&;om yxrjzpfaomaMumihf ]twåy"me}

usihfpOfrsm;[lí qkd&\/ jrwfpGmbk&m; yGihfawmf

rlaomtcgrSom ]igaumif;pm;a&;yxr} [l

aom twåy"meusihfpOfukd ajymif;jyefjyKí

]avmuaumif;pm;a&;om yxr} [laom

]tewå y"me} usihfpOfukd a[mMum;awmfrlcJh\/

a[mMum;½kHomru ukd,fwkdifvnf; usihfjyawmf

rlcJh\/ ]avmuaumif;pm;a&;om yxr} [l

aom tewåtjrifjzihf wu,fwrf; usihf½kd;rSef

ygvQif tusKd;w&m;rsm;udk jzpfay:vmap&mü

]igaumif;pm;a&;om yxr} [laom twåy"me

usihfpOfxuf tusKd;w&m;rsm;ukd ydkíjzpfay:

vmapEkdifaMumif;ukd a'oemawmf taejzihf

vnf; jyawmfrl\/ vufawGUtaejzihfvnf;

jyawmfrl\/

jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;\pH

teD;uyfqkH;taejzihf jrefrmEkdifiH

orkdif;ukd MunhfrnfqkdvQifvnf; yk*HacwfrSpí

ukef;abmifacwfwdkifatmif MunhfEkdifyg\/

xkdacwfrsm;wGif rif;jzpfap? rSL;rwfrsm;jzpfap?

jynfoljynfom;rsm;jzpfap ur®ESihfzvESpfrsKd;

wdkYwGif ur®twGuf rdrdukd yxrxm;í zv

twGuf EkdifiHESihfvlrsKd;udk yxrxm;cJh\/ ur®

twGuf yxrxm;aomtcg vkyfief;ESih f

ywfoufvmvQif rdrdwdkYonf us&mwm0efukd

pGrf;pGrf;wrH aqmif&GufMu\/ rdrdwkdY\ b0

tqihftwef;ukd jrihfrm;onfxuf jrihfrm;atmif

aqmif&GufMu\/ orkdif;wGif&pfatmif aqmif

&GufMu\/ okdY&mwGif zvtwGuf EkdifiHESihf

vlrsKd;ukd yxrxm;aomtcg xkdacwfjrefrm

EkdifiHom;wdkYonf rif;jzpfap? rSL;rwfjzpfap?

jynfoljynfom;jzpfap &orQxJrS vkdorQudkom

okH;NyD; ydkorQukd omoemawmftwGuf tokH;jyK

Mu\/ omoemtwGuf tokH;jyKjcif;[lonfrSm

EkdifiHESihfvlrsKd;twGuf tokH;jyKjcif;yifjzpf\/

Ek di fi Hud k jzp fap? vlrs K d ;uk d jzp fap

xlaxmif&mü pnf;vkH;rIonf rsm;pGmta&;BuD;

\/ usrf;*efrsm;ü pnf;vkH;rIukd ESpfrsKd;jy\/

pnf;vkH;rIwpfrsKd;ukd ]or0g, orÁE} [k ac:\/

tjcm;pnf;vkH;rIwpfrsKd;ukd ]oHa,m* orÁE} [k

ac:\/ ]or0g, orÁE} t& pnf;vkH;aom

tcg EkdifiHom;tm;vkH;wdkYonf olwpfvl ig

wpfrif; oabmrsKd;r&Sd? tm;vkH; wpfom;wnf;

jzpfMu\/ wpfaoG; wpfoH? wpfrdefYwnf; jzpf

Mu\/

]oHa,m* orÁE} t& pnf;vkH;aom

tcg EkdifiHom;tm;vkH;wdkYonf wpfaoG;wpfoH?

wpfrdefYwnf; rjzpf? olwpfvl igwpfrif; jzpf

Mu\/ pnf;vk H;a&;ESpfrsK d;wGif xk dacwfu

jrefrmEkdifiHom;wdkY\ pnf;vkH;a&;rSm wpfaoG;

wpfoH wpfrdefYwnf;jzpfaom pnf;vkH;a&;rsKd;

jzpf\/ orkdif;t&qkdvQif wpfaoG; wpfoH

wpfrdefYwnf;jzpfaom pnf;vkH;a&;ukd taemf

t&xmacwf? bk&ifhaemifacwfESihf tavmif;

bk&m;acwfrsm;üom &cJh\/ usefaomacwf

rsm;ü r&cJh[k qkd\/ trSeftm;jzihf usefaom

acwfrsm;üvnf; trsKd;om;pnf;vkH;nDñTwfa&;

ukd xkdufoihfoavmufawmh &cJhonfyifjzpf\/

odkYjzpfíom jrefrmEkdifiHonf urÇmhajrykHwGif

EkdifiHBuD;rsm;tv,fü jrefrmEkdifiHtjzpf &yfwnf

Ekdifjcif;jzpf\/

tajccHtcsufESp fcsuf

wpfom;wnf;jzpfaom pnf;vkH;rIukd

jzpfay:atmif tm;xkwf&mwGif ta&;BuD;aom

tajcc HtcsufE Sp fc suf& S d\/ wpfc kaom

tajccHtcsufrSm ]tjrif} csif;wlrIjzpf\/ tjcm;

tajccHtcsufwpfcsufrSm ]tusihf} csif;wlrI

jzpf\/ wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; ]tjrif} csif;vnf;wl

rnf? ]tusihf} csif;vnf; wlrnfqkdvQif xkdyk*¾Kdvf

wkdY\ pnf;vkH;a&;onf wpfom;wnf;jzpfaom

pnf;vkH;a&;jzpf\/ wpfaoG;? wpfoH? wpfrdefY

28

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/


wnf;jzpfaom pnf;vkH;a&;jzpf\/

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oHCmtzGJUtpnf;

ukd zGJUpnf;&mwGif ]tjrif} csif;wlrIESihf ]tusifh}

csif;wlrItay: tajccHí pnf;½kH;jcif;jzpf\/

xkdYaMumihf oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;\ pnf;vkH;rIonf

uspfvspf\/ odyfonf;\/ wpfaoG;? wpfoH?

wpfrdef Ywnf;jzpf\/ oHCmtzGJUtpnf;wGif

]Zmwf} toD;oD;yg0if\/ odkY&mwGif oHCmh

tzGJUtpnf;ü ]Zmwf} onf rxifay:awmh/

oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;\ tzGJU0iftjzpfom xifay:

\/ oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;wGif ]vlrsKd;} toD;oD;

onf yg0if\/ odkY&mwGif oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;ü

vlrsKd;onf rxifay:awmh/ oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;

\ tzGJU0iftjzpfom xifay:\/ odkYjzpfíom

ESpfaygif; 2500 ausmfumvu wnfaxmifcJh

aom oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;onf urÇmay:ü ,aeY

wdkifatmif txift&Sm; wnf&SdEkdifjcif;jzpf\/

tjrifwlrIESihf tusihfwlrIukd ygVda0g[m&tm;

jzihf ]'d|doDv omrn} [kac:\/ ]'d|d} [lonf

rSm tjrifjzpf\/ ]oDv} [lonfrSm tusihf

jzpf\/ ]omrn} [lonfrSm wlrI jzpf\/

Ak'a'oemawmft& 'd|djzihf wyfrufrIukd jrif

atmifMunhf&\/ oDvjzihf xkdwyfrufrIudk

yg;onfxufyg;atmif usihf&\/ wyfrufrI

[lonfrSm wPSmjzpf\/ ,if;ukd ]avmb}

[lívnf;ac:\/ wPSmonf opömtm;jzihf

]ork',opöm} jzpf\/ xkdYaMumihf b0ü trSef

wu,f Nidrf;csrf;vkdygvQif wPSmudk rjzpfrae

jrifatmifMunhf&\/ wPSmukd jrif½kHrQjzihfvnf;

udpöNyD;onfr[kwf? wPSmukd jrifNyD;aemuf

wPSmukd y,fowfEkdifonfESihftrQ b0onf

Nidrf;csrf;\/ Ak'¨a'oemawmft& ]edAÁmef} [l

onf twkrJhcsrf;omjzpf\/ edAÁmef\teufrSm

]0geawm edu©EÅH} t& wPSmrS xGufajrmuf

jcif;jzpf\/ wPSmrS xGufajrmufjcif;[lonf

rSm wPSmudk y,fowfjcif;yifjzpf\/

xkdYaMumihf edAÁmeft& wPSmudk enf;

enf;y,fowfEkdifvQif enf;enf; edAÁmefukd&\/

enf;enf;edAÁmefudk&vQif enf;enf;csrf;om\/

wPSmukd rsm;rsm;y,fowfEkdifvQif rsm;rsm;

edAÁmefukd&\/ rsm;rsm;edAÁmefudk&vQif rsm;rsm;

csrf;om\/ wPSmudk t<uif;rJhy,fowfEkdif

vQif t<uif;rJhedAÁmefukd&\/ t<uif;rJhedAÁmefukd

&vQif t<uif;rJhcsrf;omukd&\/ xdk YaMumihf

þavmuü wPSmukd y,fowfEkdifolrsm;onf

rdrdwdkYy,fowfEkdifoavmuf edAÁmefudk &Muol

rsm;jzpfMu\/ edAÁmefudk &oavmuf csrf;om

Muolrsm; jzpfMu\/

odkYjzpfav&m b0ukd trSefwu,f

Nidrf;csrf;vkdolrsm;onf wPSmukd jrifatmif

vnf; Munhf&\/ wPSmudk y,fowfEkdifatmif

vnf; usihf&\/ þonfrSm Ak'a'oemawmf

t& tjrifESihf tusihfjzpf\/ rnfolrqkd þ

avmuü þtjriftwdkif; jrifMurnf/ þ

tusihftwkdif; usihfMurnfqkdygvQif xkdyk*¾Kdvf

wdk Y\ pnf;vkH;rIonf oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;vdk

wpfom;wnf;jzpfEkdifrnfjzpfyg\/

wPSmudk jrifatmifMunhfzkdYqkdonf

rSm vG,fulonfawmhr[kwf? jrwfpGmbk&m;

ukd,fawmfwkdif ]taeuZmwdoHomo&H} csD

O'gef;*gxmawmfü wPSma,musfm; vuform;

b0ukd b0toacsF &SmcJhygaomfvnf; rawGUcJh

aMumif;? r[maAm"dyifatmufü t&[wår*f

ÓPfukd &ygrS awGUjrifNyD; t<uif;rJh owfEkdif

awmhaMumif; O'gef;usL;&ihfawmfrlxm;onfukd

zwf½I&jcif;tm;jzihf wPSmudk wPSmtjzpf

jrifzk d Yqk donfrSm vG,fulonfawmhr[kwf?

wPSmukd wPSmtjzpf rjrifEkdifygvQif wPSmudk

owfEk difzd k Yqk donfrSm rsm;pGmyif cufyg\/

wPSmukd rowfEkdifvQifvnf; avmuü b0

Nidrf;csrf;a&;&zkdYqkdonfrSm rsm;pGmaom cufcJrI

wpf&yfyifjzpf\/ wPSmukd wPSmtjzpf jrifzkdY

cufcJaomfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ñTefMum;csuf

t& jrifatmifMunhf&rnfyifjzpf\/ jrwfpGm

bk&m;\ ñTefMum;csuft& wPSmudk owfEkdif

atmif usihf&rnfyifjzpf\/

qufvufazmfjyygrnf

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd

Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf

&J&ifhwnfMunfaom

avmutjrifjzifh

b0ukd&ifqkdifvsuf

atmifjrifpGm

jzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY

"r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU/

t&Sifbk&m; odu©myk'frsm; enf;

yg;pOftcs de ftcgr Sm &[ef;awmfrsm;

&[EÅmtjzpfrsm;NyD; odu©myk'frsm;jym;vm

aomtcg &[ef;awmfrsm; &[EÅmtjzpf

enf;yg;vmygonfbk&m;/ tb,ftaMumif;

aMumihfygenf; [k avQmufxm;ar;jref;\/

xkdtcgu Ak'¨jrwfpGmu owå0gwdkY

\oEÅmefü o'¨gw&m;qkwf,kwfenf;yg;

vmonf&Sdaomf olawmfaumif;w&m;uG,f

onf&S daomf odu©myk'fawG rsm;jym;vm

w,f/ &[ef;awmfrsm;[mvnf; &[EÅm

tjzpfenf;yg;vmw,f [k jrwfpGmbk&m;u

t&Sifr[muóytm; rdefYMum;ajzqkdawmfrl\/

rSef\/ o'gw&m;enf;yg;vQif &[EÅm

rjzpfEkdifouJhodkY o'gw&m;&SdvQif MoCav;jzm

oHo&mudk ul;ajrmufEkdifaMumif;ukd ]]o'g,

w&wd MoCH}} [k a[mawmfrl\/ xkd Y jyif

o'¨gw&m;ESihfywfoufívnf; bk&m;tqlql

wdkYwGif-

Ä ynm"dubk&m;?

Ä o'g"du bk&m;?

Ä 0D&d,m"dubk&m;

[lí& S d&mwGi f o' ¨ gw&m; jzi h f

yg&rD jznh fvQif bk&m;jzpfEk di f aMumif;uk d

pm½Ioltaygif;tm; a&;om;wifjy vdkuf&ygo

wnf;/

tZmwowf? ysufpD;vwf? oDvr*¾ifrSwf/

xkdYaMumihf omy? ola&muf&? avm[ukrÇDrSwf/

y#mpm&D? ysufpD;onf? orm"dr*¾ifrnf/

xkdYaMumihfomy? ol½l;&? Ak'u,fwifrSwf/

a'0Dvrnf? ysufpD;onf? ynmr*fwvD/

xkdYaMumihfomy? ola&muf&? jA[®jynfomrSwf/

0denf;oDv? okwfor? bduynmod/

oDvtp? v,for? qkH;u ynm&Sd/

p? v,f? tqkH; okH;yg;vkH; jznhfOD;r*f&SpfvD/

jynhfpkHaomtcg &[EÅm aocsmjzpfvdrhfrnf/

od'w¦ESihf okb'[m? xG#fxdyfrSm rSefpGma&muf

cJhonf/

r*¾opöm? yGm;rsm;yg? acrma&mufvdrfhrnf/

pm½Ioltaygif; Nidrf;at;aMumif; qkawmif;pm

oonf/

r*¾if&Spfyg;onf bk&m;? &[EÅmwkdY\

toufjzpfaMumif; aqmif;yg;ukd qkawmif;jzihf

ed*kH;csKyfvkdufygownf;/

OD;0dvmo*¾(uif;prf;)

ñTef;- r[mAk'¨0if

pmrsufESm 12 rS

29"r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/


0,"r®0,"r®0,"r®0,"r®0,"r®

armifZifa,mf

tdrfe D;em;csi f; jzpfap? vky fazmf

udkifzuf? a&;azmfa&;zufjzpfap? vlwpfOD;OD;

uG,fvGefaomf ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&udk ESvHk;oGif;&yg

onf/ xd ktcgr s d K ;w Gi f uAsmq&mBuD ;

a'gif;EG,faqG\ aemufqHk;&xm;uAsmukd

trSwf&vmNrJjzpfonf/

]]tvSudk&Sm? b,frSmrSrawGU?

wpfaeYtcsdefawmh? qlnHnH to H

Mum;&w,f/

&xm;a&GUa&GU}}

avmu"r®wmcGJcGmrIcHpm;csuf uAsm

av;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf avmuorkwde,f

wGifom &pfoDaeNyD;? y&rwfÓPfrrDojzihf

&xm;BuD;xGufcGmí atmfoH? idkoH? qlnHoH

Mum;&aomtcgrSyif? atmf- cGJcGmoGm;ygayhg

vm;[k oHa0*yGm;Mu&onf/

vGefcJhonhfESpf 2010 aEGumvonf

tvGefyljyif;vS\/ owdw&m;vufudkifxm;í

usef;rma&;vrf;ñTefcsufESifhtnD aexkdifjim;

vnf; owdwpfcsufcRwfacsmfumrQjzihf cEm'ku©

cHpm;cJhMu&onf/

jrwfAk'onf vlom;wdkYtm; u,fwif

&ef txl;vHkYvjyKawmfrlonf/ bk&m;jzpfp ig-

Zde [k a<u;aMumfpOfuyif Ak'*,m r[maAm"d

atmifajrrS rd*'g0kefodkY 18 ,lZemudk wefcdk;jzihf

r<u? yÍö0*¾D ig;OD;ESihf OyuwuúwGef;wdkY w&m;&

zdkY pdwfqEáwmfjzihf ajcusif<ucsDonf/ wefcdk;

t&monf tvkyfr[kwf/ owå0gwd k Ytm;

acsc Rwfu,fw,f&e fom[k yg&r DÓPf

awmfjzihf a'oem>rufMum;cJhonfcsnf;jzpf

ygonf/ cE¨mcsKyf Nidrf; aemufqH k;tcs defü

yef;xdrfonf pkE´ qufuyfaom 0ufjzLom;

(0ufysdKom;[kvnf; azmfjyMu\) bkOf;ay;í

aoG;0rf;oGm;cJh&onf/ ukodem½Hk tifMuif;awm

(,ck rmxukef0a& Munfawmfbk&m;&Sd&mXme)

wGif b0aemufqHk; a&Munfawmfqufuyf

cJhonf/ a0'emcHpm;&if;rSyif udk;uG,ftvGJ?

t,lvGJokb'ý&dAdkZfudk ]]okb'´- omoem

awmfü r*ftusihfudk r&vQif udavom

rNidrf;Ed kif/ udavomrNidrf;orQ qif;&J

uif;onfr&Sd}} [k a[mcJhonf/ xdktcg okb'

BuD; Ak'¨\ aemufqHk;&[EÅmjzpfcJhonf/ xdkrS

bdu©K&[ef;tm;vHk;odkYvnf; cE¨mÓPfa&muf

aemufqHk;w&m;a[mcJhonf/

]]cspfom;wd k Y ? jyKjyifr& ocFg&

oabmwdk Yonf ysufpD;jcif; aemufqH k;

&Sdacsonf/ rarh ravsmh? rayhgrq owd

w&m;jzih f udpöNyD;atmif tm;xkwfMuyg

ukefavmh}}

[E´'ged bdu©a0?

tmrEÅ,mrda0g/

0, "r®mocFg&m?

tyÜrma'e? orÜma'x/

jrwfAk'¨ oufawmf&Spfq,ft&G,f?

r[mouú&mZf 148? uqkefvjynhf? t*FgaeY

rdk;aomuf,mrfwGif y&dedAÁmef pH0ifonf/ Ak'

a*gwr y&dedAÁmefjyKaomf yxrOD;pGm o[rÜwd

jA[®mBuD;u oHk;avmuxG#fxm; oAÁnKjrwfpGm

bk&m; csKyfNidrf;jcif;odkYa&mufNyD[k &GwfqdkylaZmf

onf/

'kwd,tm;jzihf odMum;rif;u tedpö

0wocFg&m..tpcsD*gxmjzihf edAÁmefonfom

csrf;omjcif;jzpfaMumif; ylaZmfonf/ t&SiftEl

½k'¨mESihf t&SiftmeE´mwdkYrSvnf; Ak'äomfrS

0ifoufxGufoufukefqHk;í y&dedAÁmefjyK&ygao;

wum;[k oHa0*,l ylaZmfawmfrlonf/

uREfkyfwdkYywf0ef;usifwGif 0goemwl

vkyfazmfudkifzuf? a&;azmfa&;zufawG&Sdonf/

xdktxJrS wpfOD;wpfa,mufuG,fvGefaomf

owdoHa0*awGyGm;&onf/ 2010? aEGumvwHk;

u pma&;zuf ,k0wDa&T0gpdef? vdIifNrdKUe,fu

"n0wDcif/ xdkrS q&mokarmif? q&momu'dk;

ponfuG,fvGefoGm;Muonf/ ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&

wdkY\ azmufvGJazmufjyefysufpD;jcif;jzpfpOfBuD;

jzpfonf/ uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m& wpfckrQyif

rxdef;csKyfEdkifawmhí oHo&mc&D;oGm;rsm;? c&D;

em;olem;í a&SUqufoGm;ol oGm;Mu&onf/

oHo&mc&D; a&SUqufoGm;ol tvGefrsm;vdrfhrnf

xifygonf/ jrwfAk'u oHo&mc&D; em;MuzdkYyif

wdkufwGef;a[mrdefYcJhonfr[kwfygvm;/

udoma*gwrDonf jrwfA k' ÿ& d

edAÁmefjyKaomf usrsuf&nfrqnfEdkif? y&da'0rD;

vdIifumjzihf idka<u;íomaeavonf/ Ak'¨\

aemufqHk;pum;udk Mum;a,mifí rsuf&nfodrf;

onf/ udoma*gwrD rsuf&nfodrf;cef;udk

rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u a&;pyfylaZmfcJh

onf/ vuFmaemufqHk;tydk'fwGif..

] ] jA[®mvlewf? xkwfcsi f ;cwf

atmif? Oyg'fpvQif? |DodkY0ifí? b*Fu©P?

r&Pjzih f? &G&GvIyfvIyf? wcsKyfcsKyfvQif?

emrf½kyfESpfrsdK;? jzpfwkdif;n§dK;onf? t½dk;..

tedpöygwum;..}} [k yg&Sdonf/

vlqdkonf wPSmuay;tyfonhf

tjypfBuD;av;aom tnpftaMu;0efxkyfBuD;udk

xrf;ydk;xm;&olrsm;jzpfonf[k t*Fkw¬dK&fwGif

azmfjyonf/ þavmuwGif vdkcsifrItqHk;rowf

Edkifaomavmb? pOfqufrjywf cufxefaom

a'go? ajcrudkifrd vufrudkifrd t0dZÆmarm[

ponhf udavomtnpftaMu;xkyfBuD;? wenf;

tm;jzihf tjypfBuD;av;aom 0efxkyfBuD;udkxrf;

xm;&olawG rsm;jym;vSonf/

b0ed*Hk; aoqHk;jcif;tqHk;om&Sdojzihf

xGufcGmoGm;aom &xm;BuD;tm; qlqlnHnH

atmfoH? idka<u;oHMum;rS vufjyEIwfqufcJhMu

ovdkyifjzpfonf/ xGufcGmoGm;olwdkY &du©mtEk

*grduOpöm (uHtusdK;ay;rIom rdrd\Opöm)

vm;&m*wdaumif;pGmjzihf aomuNidrf;aomoHo

&mc&D;em;oljzpfMuygap[líyif/

usrf;ñTef;-

(1) rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ oHa0*w&m;

awmf/

(2) b'EÅ t&SifokE& (wdyd#u"&q&mawmf)

\ (aomuNidrf;&ef 0dok'dckepfwefw&m;awmf)

(3) uqkefvjynhfaeY w&m;awmf (17.5.2011)

armifZifa,mf

30"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/


npmxrif;pm;NyD;csdefwGif aumfzD

wpfcGufudk azsmfum a&;vufppmrlrsm;udk

tqHk;owfrnf[kpdwful;vsuf rdrdtcef;xJodkY

0ifvmcJ honf/ pma&;pmyG J& S dukvm;xd ki fü

vkdufpOfwGif [dkwpfp'Dwpfp jzihf rNyD;qHk;ao;

onhf pmrlrsm;udkMunhf&if; pdwfrsm;½Iwfvm\/

aumfzDcGufudkudkifum wpfusdKufarmhcsvkdufNyD;

usefvufwpfzufu wawmifjzihf pm;yGJaxmuf

vsuf vufig;acsmi f ;u d k ez l ;py fuae

qHyifrsm;Mum;xJodkY xdk;oGif;vdkuf onf/ ]][l;}}

&Snfvsm;onhfoufjyif;wpfcsufudk csrdvkduf\/

vwpf0ufyifusdK;aeNyDjzpfonf/ tcsdefrDay;ydkY

&rnhf pmrlrsm;udk [dkwpfyk'f 'Dwpfyk'f? ckxd

vufprowfEdkif/

onfvwGif pmodyfra&;jzpfyg/

pdwfnpfp&m^ pdwfqif;&Jp&mrsm;u tazmf

toif;ESihf tkyfoif;zGJUí rMumcPqdkovdk

0ifa&mufvmonfrd k Y tm½H kwnfr&Ed kifay/

pma&;onfqdkonfrSm wnfNidrfaompdwf&SdrSom

vQif tawG;tac:aumif;rsm; a&muf&Sdvmrnf

r[kwfygavm/ ,ckvnf; reuftdyf&mrSxu

wnf;u BuHKvkdufwJhtqifrajyrIawG? tcsdKUajym

wwfMuonf/ ]]tqifrajyvQif a&aomufwm

utp oGm;Mum;n§yfowJh}}/ [kwfayvdrfhrnf/

,ckvnf; rdrdpdwf oGm;Mum;n§yfaeonfxif\/

pmrlc&vQifNyD;a&m aqmif;yg;^0w¬K

xkwfvkyfonhfpuf½HkBuD;wpfckyrm a[mueJ

a[mueJ a&mh-tihfwpfyk'fç a&mhtihfwpfyk'f

yGJodrf;*dk;

udkjirf; (½ku©aA')

rvkyfcsifyg/ rdrdonf emrnfBuD;pma&;q&m

wpfa,mufawmhr[kwfaomfvnf; uavmif

3ckcGJí r*¾Zif;^ *sme,fwdkYwGif aqmif;yg;? 0w¬K

rsm; a&;vmcJhonfrSm ta&twGuftm;jzihf

renf;awmhay/ rdrda&;cJhaom pmrlrsm;onf

pmzwfolwdkYtm; tqdyftawmufjzpfaprnhf?

udavomwdk;yGm;aprnhf pmrsdK;vHk;0rjzpfap&ef

txl;*½kxm;cJhonf/ txl;ojzihf y&rw¬obm0

rsm;rygbJ? ynwfay:tajcwifí pOf;pm;awG;

ac:rIrS xGufay:vmaom pmrlrsm;onf trSef

vrf;aMumif;ay:odkY ra&mufEdkifay/ tESpfom&

tm;jzihfvnf; jynhfpHkrnfr[kwfyg/ rdrdonf

obm0ed,mrtrSefw&m;udk vGefqefí rnfodkY

aomtcgrS ra&;cJhyg/ ]]pmwpfvHk; bk&m;wpfql}}

[k ajymprSefjyKMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh pdwfrwnf

Nidrfaomtcg pma&;jcif;trIudkrjyK/ xdkYaMumifh

pmra&;awmhbl;[k qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD; pm;yGJay:&Sd

TV cvkwfudk zGihfvkdufonf/ y&D;rD;,m;vd*fyGJpOf

jzpfonf/ tmpife,fESihfpyg;yGJvmae\/

xdkabmvHk;yGJudk at;at;aq;aq;

xd ki f Munh faevk dufonf/ tmpife,fwd k Yu

abmvHk;ydkifqkdifrItomeJY uGif;v,fudk pdk;rdk;xm;

onf/ tuGufpdyfpdyf xdxdrdrdrdrd vSvSyy upm;

uGufatmufwGif pyg;toif;vl;vdrfhcHae&

onf/ pyg;toif;u wpfcsufcsufrSom tmpif

e,fbufodkY xdk;azmufEdkif\/ tmpife,fuawmh

*dk;{&d,mywf0ef;usifrS wpf½SL;½SL;wpf'dkif;'dkif;jzihf

tBudrfBudrfuefoGif;avonf/ pyg;toif;\

*dk;orm;u vufpGrf;jyckcHumuG,faeonfrdkY

tmpife,fudk tcufawGUaeonf/

abmvHk;yGJ[lonfrSm abmvHk;ydkifqdkif

rIrnfrQyif&Sdapumrl upm;uGuftomjzihf vSvS

yy rnfodkYyif upm;jyapumrl tEdkift½IH;udk

qHk;jzwf&mwGif *dk;oGif;rIjzihfom qHk;jzwfav

onf/ yxrydkif;NyD;qHk;oGm;aomfvnf; ESpfbuf

pvHk; *dk;roGif;EdkifMuacs/ 'kwd,ydkif;jyefp&mrSm

awmh pyg;toif;ajcoGufvm\/ odk Yaomf

tmpife,f\ wpfcsufxdabmpdyfupm;uGufudk

r,SOfEdkifay/ odkYaomf tmpife,f\a&SUwef;wdkuf

ppfrSL;awG&JU uefoGif;csufu *dk;tjzpfrzefwD;

EdkifcJhyg/ pyg;\aemufwef;rsm;uvnf; tkwfwH

wkdif;BuD;ozG,f ckcHumuG,fydwfpd k Yxm;\/

tmpife,fwd k Yu wpfuGif;vH k;tompD;jzih f

xdk;azmufum wkdufppfqifupm;onf/

rdepf (90) yif jynhfoGm;NyDjzpfonf/

tmpife,fwdkY wpf*dk;rSroGif;Edkifyg/ uGif;v,f'dkif

vlBuD;u emusifcsdefydk (3) rdepfay;\/ þemusif

tcsdefydkwGifvnf; tmpife,fbufuom tom

pD;jzihf xdk;azmufavonf/ yGJNyD;cgeD;tcsdefwGif

pyg;bufrS a&SUwef;wkdufppfrSL;u tmpife,f\

{&d,mb,fbufaxmifh udkuf (100) tuGmrS

uefoGif;vkduf&m tmpife,f*dk;orm;rnfokdYrQ

rwwfEdkif/ *dk;nmbufaxmifhxJodkY wef;0ifoGm;

onf/ *dk;0ifoGm;onfESihfwpfNydKifeuf emusif

tcsdefydk (3) rdepfjynhfoGm;NyDjzpfojzihf uGif;v,f

'dkifvlBuD;rS yGJodrf;c&mrIwfvkdufygawmhonf/

yGJpOfwpfavQmufvHk; ajctomjzihfupm;cJhaom

tmpife,fwdkY wpf*dk;- *dk;r&Sdjzihf ½IH;cJhNyDjzpfonf/

tEdkif*dk;wpf*dk;wnf;jzihf yGJodrf;*dk;udkoGif;cJhaom

pyg;udk tEdkif&&SdoGm;ygNyD/

tmpife,ftoif;om;wdk YuGif;xJü

0rf;enf;yufvufjzpfaeMuawmhonf/ rdrdonf

vnf; tmpife,fy&dowfwpfa,mufjzpfojzihf

tmpife,ftoif;om;wdkYenf;wl pdwfraumif;

jzpf&onf/ rdrd&ifü oHa0*&vkduf\/ xdkabmvHk;

yG Judkvnf; avmuobm0ed,mrw&m;ESif h

EdIif;,SOfMunhfrdum TV cvkwfudkydwfvkdufNyD;

aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fcsa&;rdygawmhonf/

avmuü vlom;wdkYonfvnf; arG;zGm;

onftcsdefrSpí raociftcsdefxd abmvHk;yGJ

wpfyGJyrm ukodkvftoif;ESifhtukodkvftoif;udk

31"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/


NydKifqkdifaeMuonf/ ukodkvftoif;bufu

xdk;azmufum tompD;&vkduf? tukodkvf

toif;bufu jyefvnfxdk;azmufum tom

pD;,lvkdufjzifh bwpfjyef usm;wpfjyef tjyef

tvSef,SOfNydKifaeMuayonf/

abmvHk;yG JwpfyG Jonf rdepf (90)

raphrcsif; NydKifaeMu&ovdk b0abmvHk;yGJonf

vnf; vlYb0wpfckjzpfwnfonfrSpí b0

rcsKyfao;onhftcsdefxd ukodkvf tukodkvfwdkY

,SOfNydKifaeMu&onfjzpfonf/ &[ef;oHCm

awmfrsm;ESifh vlBuD;olrrsm; qdkqHk;rwwfonhf

pum;wpfck&Sdygonf/ vlYb0udka&muf&Sdvm&m

wGif &if;pm;av;awmh jyef&oihfonf[kqdk\/

&if;pm;qdkonfrSm vlYb0rSaovQif vlYb0odkY

jyef&jcif;yifjzpfonf/ vlYb0udkjyef&vQif oa&

[k qdkEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ ewfb0ç jA[®mb0udk

&&SdvQif jrwfonf? Edkifonf[kqdk&ayrnf/

tyg,f (4) bHkodkYa&muf&SdoGm;vQif ½IH;NyDjzpf

onf/

xdkYaMumifh uHESihfur®zv? uHuH\

tusdK;udk,HkMunfum ur®óuwmor®m'd|d

tjrifjzihf ukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk jyvkyfMuav

onf/ odkYaomf ukodkvfw&m;rsm; rnfrQyif

jyKvkyfapumrl tukodkvfw&m;onfvnf;

tEdkifrcHt½IH;ray;wwfyg/

tmpife,fwdkYonf yGJcsdefwpfavQmuf

vHk; abmvHk;tom? upm;uGuftomjzih f

upm;E d ki faom fvnf; y G J Ny D ;cge D ; pyg;\

yGJodrf;*dk;aMumifh tmpife,fwdkY xdkyGJwGif ½IH;edrfh

cJhonf/ þtwkdif;yif vlom;wdkYonf touf&Sif

pOf b0wpfavQmuf vHk; tmpdPÖuHukokdvfrsm;

rnfrQyifjyKvkyfap umrl aocgeD; (pkwdpdwf

uscgeD;) wGif tukodkvf yGJodrf;*dk;oGif;oGm;vQif

t½IH;jzihf&ifqkdif&vdrfhrnf/

om"utm;jzihf tm;vHk;odjrifNyD;jzpf

aom oD&d"r®mtaomurif;BuD;onf a&wGif;?

a&uef? apwDykxdk;aygif; (84000) pD vSL'gef;cJh

\/ xdk r[mukodkvf tmpdPÖuHydkif&SifBuD;onf

aocgeD;wGif ukuúKpötukodkvf tmoEéuH

ESdyfpufrIaMumifh tukodkvftoif;\yGJodrf;*dk;

aMumihf pyg;BuD;a>rjzpfum t½IH;jzihf&ifqkdifoGm;

&onf/ wpfzef &[ef;b0wpfavQmufvHk;

oDvpifMu,fpGmapmihfxdef;cJ haom ]]wdó}}

&[ef;onf 'umrwpfa,mufu vSL'gef;cJh

aom ouFef;udkpGJvef;um pkwdpdwfusoGm;ojzihf

aovGefaomtcg ouFef;Mum;ü oef;jzpfcJh&

onf/ xdkYaMumihf yGJodrf;*dk;onf ta&;BuD;vS

onf/

bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;cJ haom Oyrm

wpfckjzihf jy&aomf- naeapmif;í EGm;ausmif;

om;onf EGm;rsm;udk EGm;NcHtwGif;odkY armif;oGif;

avonf/ EGm;rsm; EGm;NcHtwGif;odkY a&mufoGm;

aomtcg aemufqHk;rS0ifvmonhfEGm;tdkBuD;

onf ta&SUudk wdk;r&awmhojzihf NcHtayguf0

em;rSmomae&\/ eHeufrdk;aomufaomtcg

EGm;ausmif;om;onf EGm;rsm;ausmif;&ef EGm;NcHudk

zGihfvkduf&mwGif raeYnaeu aemufqHk;rS0ifvm

aomEGm;tkdBuD;onf NcHayguf0wGif &SdaeonfrdkY

t&ifqHk; xGufcGihf&oGm;onf/

þOyrmtwkdif;yif b0wpfavQmuf

vHk; jyKvkyfcJhorQ ukodkvf? tukodkvfrsm;onf

olYtusdK;ay;csdefwefrS tusdK;ay;rnfjzpfonf/

'kwd,b0wGifjzpfwnfrnhftusdK;ay;uHonf

pkwdpdwfuscgeD;jyKvkyfvkdufonhf uHomvQifjzpf

onf/ abmvHk;pum;jzihfajymvQif yGJodrf;*dk;jzpf

onf/

'geç oDvç orx[lonhf p&Pukodkvf

w&m;awGonf pdwfcsvufcstm;udk;í r&Edkif

yg/ oD&d"r®mtaomurif;ç wdó&[ef;wdkYu

oufaoxlcJhNyDjzpfonf/ wpfzef (55) ESpfwdkif

wkdif olwpfyg;toufudkowfcJhaom ]]wyrÁ

'gXdu}} yk*¾dKvfBuD;onf b0wpfavQmufvHk;

ukodkvfw&m;r&SdcJh? rvkyfcJhay/ odkYaomf aocgeD;

wGif jyKvkyfcJhaom ukokdvfaumif;rIwpfckaMumifh

ewfjynfodkYa&mufoGm;cJhonf/ yGJodrf;*dk;udk vSvS

yy oGif;,lEdkifcJhonf/ þjzpfpOfrsdK;uawmh

tifrwef&Sm;yg;vSygonf/

wpfavsmufvH k ; r Jnpfvmonf h

vufEDS;pkwfudk uaeYrSavQmfvQif ajymifEdkifzG,f

r&S dawmhyg/ ypö,eda'´o y|mef;ygVdawmf

tmao0eypönf;wGif-

- yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "r®m? ypädrmeH

ypädrmeH ukovmeH "r®meH tmao0e ypöa,e

ypöa,m/

- yk&drm yk&drm tukovm "r®m? ypädrmeH

ypädrmeH tukovmeH "r®meH tmao0e ypöa,

e ypöa,m[k jyxm;ygonf/

]]tmao0e}} qkdonfrSm tavhtusihf?

tavhtxHkrsm;onhfvkyfief;udk ac:ayonf/

a&SUa&SUjzpfaomukodkvfw&m;rsm;u aemuf

aemufjzpfaom ukodkvfudk tmao0eypönf;

tjzpfeJY aus;Zl;jyKwwfygonf/ a&SUa&SUjzpfaom

tukodkvfuvnf; aemufaemufjzpfaom

tukokdvfudkom aus;Zl;jyKwwfygonf/

xd k Ya Mumif h b0wpfavQmufvH k ;

tukodkvfw&m;rsm;ESihf tmao0ejzpfvmygvQif

aocgeD;tcsdefwGif tukodkvfw&m;rsm;om

pdwfrSmvTrf;rdk;aernfrSm &mcdkifEIef;tm;jzifh rsm;yg

onf/ ukodkvfw&m;onfvnf; xdkenf;wlpGm

jzpfonf/

tEdkif*dk;udk oGif;,lvdkygvQif raocif

u 0dyóemw&m;udk ususeeyGm;rsm;xm;&

rnfjzpfonf/ ½kyf? emrf? cEm? y&rw¬ obm0

w&m;wdkY\ tcsdefwkdif;tcsdefwkdif; cPwkdif;

cPwkdif;jzpfysufaeonhf tedpöoabm? jzpfNyD;

ysufaeonhfoabmudk okccsrf;om[k rnfodkYrQ

ac:qdkír&ay/ okccsrf;om&,f[k rnfonfh

ae&mrS &SmazGírawGUEdkifonhf'ku©oabm? rdrd

oabmwpfckrQvkyfír&? twår[kwf? olY

taMumif;ESihfolYtusdK; wpfpHkpDwpfpHkpD jzpfvkduf

ysufvdkufjzifh olYoabmolaqmif bmrQtpdk;r&

onhf tewåoabmawGud k (Ówy&dnmç

wd&Py&dnm) tm;jzihf od&Sdxm;zdkYvdktyfay

onf/ 0dyóemqdkonfrSm-

]]ynwåd XaywGm tedpöm'd tmum

a&e 0d0d"H yówDwd 0dyóem}} [k t|uxm

q&mrsm; rdefYqdkawmfrlonhftwkdif; ynwf

rSeforQudk z,fcGmí tedpöç 'ku©ç tewå [lonhf

tjcif;t&mtm;jzih f txl;xl;tjym;jym;

ÓPfjrifatmif½Ijcif;udk 0dyóem[kac:qdk

cJhayonf/

ynwfrSeforQudk txyfxyfz,fcGm

vdkufygvQif twGif;om;jzpfaom "mwfy&rwf

udk v,fjyifrSm qifoGm;ouJhodkY awGU&rnfjzpf

onf/ xdkodkY "mwfy&rwfudkawGUaomtcg ½kyf?

emrfcE¨m y&rwfwdkYrnfonfrSm tedpöç 'ku©ç

tewåoabmuvGJí bmrQr&Sd/ b,fae&m

b,ftcsdefrSmyJMunhfMunhf þoabmvu©Pm

oHk;ckom&Sdrnfjzpfonf/ "r®wpfckwnf;udkyif

tewåaygufatmif½IEkdifvQif yGJodrf;ygonf/

(0dZÆp&PorÜEé) 0dyóem[lonfh

0dZÆmw&m;? 'geç oDv [lonhf p&Pw&m;wdkY

ESihf orÜEé jynhfpHkzdkYvdkygonf/ 'geç oDvudkvnf;

wwfEdkiforQ? pGrf;EdkiforQ jyKMu&rnf/ ta&;BuD;

qHk;uawmh 0dyóemw&m;udk enf;vrf;wus

yGm;rsm;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/ 0dyóemw&m;[l

onfuawmh wu,hfpdwfcsvufcstm;udk;avmuf

onhf w&m;jzpfonf/ vlYavmuBuD;\ b0

abmvHk;yGJwGif yGJodrf;*dk;udk vSvSyyoGif;vdkygvQif

0dyóemw&m;udk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuyg[k

wdkufwGef;vkduf&ygonf/

rSDjirf;

-ypö,eda'oy|mef;ygVdawmf

- 0dok'dr*ft|uxm

- y&D;rD;,m;vd*fabmvHk;yGJ

udkjirf; (½ku©aA')

32

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

e*g;rif; OykofoDv aqmufwnfovdk omraPoDv aqmufwnfaeoudk;e*g;rif; OykofoDv aqmufwnfovdk omraPoDv aqmufwnfaeoudk;e*g;rif; OykofoDv aqmufwnfovdk omraPoDv aqmufwnfaeoudk;e*g;rif; OykofoDv aqmufwnfovdk omraPoDv aqmufwnfaeoudk;e*g;rif; OykofoDv aqmufwnfovdk omraPoDv aqmufwnfaeoudk;cifolZmjrihf

jzL;Nrd KU "r® dum½H kpmoifwd kufwGif

a E G & mo D au s mi f ; y dw f &y f a& mu f c g e D ;

tpdk;&yxrjyefpmar;yG J ajzNyD;ptcsdefwGif

ausmif;om;udk&ifrsm; onf rdrdwdkYZmwd&yf&Gm

rsm;odkYrjyefcif xif;rsm; pkaqmif;jcif;? vTjzwf

jcif;? cGJpdyfjcif;rsm; jyKNyD; xif;½Hkodk YoGif;Mu

&onf/ xdkudpöNyD;rS rdrdarG;&yfodkY cPjyefMu

&onf/

xdkodkY xif;cGJtvkyf? vkyfaecsdef0,f

udk&ifaCmodwwdkY tkyfpk onf xif;cGJxif;jzwf

tvkyf?vkyf&í naewGif xrif;qmaom

aMumihf wdwfwqdwf xrif;cdk;csufpm;Muonf/

xkdonfudk wdkuftkyfpmcs bkef;BuD;u

rdNyD; udk&iftkyfpkudk q&mawmfxHac:oGm;um

tjzpftysufudkavQmufxm;wdkifMum;onf/

xdktcg q&mawmfu udk&ifrsm;udk

ri f ;w d k Ywp fawG npmpm;wJ htwGuf

0dumvabmZeodu©myk'fysuf,Gif;rIwpfck?

cdk;pm;wJh t'dEém'geodu©myk'fysuf,Gif;rIwpfck

oHCduypönf;udk oHk;pGJrIu tjyefwpfckwdkYaMumihf

rif;wdk YwpfawG &SifomraPr[kwfawmhbl;?

ouFef;ta&NcHKxm;wJh vlawGjzpfoGm;NyD} [k

rdefYMum;onf/ tmoGufvQmoGuf &SdvSaom

udk&ifynm0Hou

]xif;cG J vTjzwftvkyfuyifyef;?

xef;vsuf ig;cJESihf0rf;u raMu? 0rf;wGif;ydk;rsKd;

&Spfq,fu qlylaomif;usef;MuonfhtwGuf

wynhfawmfwdk Y cE¨mudk,foufomapjcif;iSm

0rf;wGif;ydk;wdkY tm[m&jynhf0apjcif;iSm npm

0dumv abmZeodu©myk'fudk usL;vGefwmyg

bk&m; } [k avQmufxm;&m q&mawmf

wd kuftky fE Si h f tjypfay;ta&;,lc H&rnf h

udk&iftkyfpkyg &,farmMu avonf/

'Dud k&if BuHBuHzefzef qifajcay;

wwfw,f ? pum;awmi fpm;usaewmy J

uJ[kwfygNy D ? 0dumvabmZe odu©myk' f

us L ;v Ge fw,f tjyp fr jzp fb l ;vm; } [k

q&mawmfu xyfrHrdefYMum;aomtcg

]jzpfawmhjzpfygw,fbk&m;? 'Dodu©m

yk' fu omraPb0uae avsmhusonf

txdtjypf'PfomxdkufwJh odu©myk'fjzpfí

'Pfxrf;&if aMuygw,fbk&m;? OD;yÍÆif;awG

tmywfajz&if ajzovd krs K d ;ygbk&m;} [k

xyfrHavQmufxm;&m tm;vHk;wNyHK;NyHK; jzpfMu

jyefonf/

]'gqdk oHCduypönf;cdk;wJh tjypfu

a&m vdifrusbl;vm;} [kq&mawmfuar;&m

udk&ifynm0Ho

]wynh fawm fwd k Y oHCduyp önf ;

rcdk;ygbk&m; eHeufuwnf;u wynhfawmf

wumrBuD;xHu qefwpfjynf tvSLcHxm;

wmygbk&m;} [k avQmufxm;&m q&mawmfu

]at; aumi f ;uGm tvSLc H Ny D ;

oDvyk'fusL;vGefwJh tjypfudkusL;vGef Muw,f?

tvSL&Sifyk*¾dKvfawmh tvGefukokdvfxl; &awmh

rSmbJ} [krdefYMum; &m udk&iftm;vHk;rSm waom

aom &,farmMujyefonf/

]uJ uJ udk&ifwdkYrif;wdkYudk bmvkyf&rvJ

'Pfay;&rvm;? oDv xyfay;&rvm;}

]rSefvSyg? udk&ifqdkwm &[ef;wdk Y

odrf0ifur®0gzwf&wm r[kwf awmhq&mawmf

xHrSoDvjyefaqmufwnfcH,l&if; udk&if&Sif

omraP jyefjzpfygw,fbk&m;}

[k udk&ifynm0Hou avQmufxm;&m

q&mawmfuNyHK;NyD;

]tif; tif;'Dudk&ifuawmh a&S;ue*g;

rif;OykofoDwif;aqmufwnfzdkY oDvcH,lovdk

rsm; rSwfaeovm;rodbl;} [krdefYMum;onf/

]e*g;rif; OykofoDvoDwif; aqmuf

wnfyHk taMumif;uav; tus,fodyg&ap

bk&m;}[k wdkuftkyfbkef;BuD;u avQmufxm;

onf/

]at; a&S; udk;q,fhwpfurÇmxufu

0dyóDbk&m; yGih f NyD;wJh tcsdefrSm e*g;wpf

aumifu igawmhbk&m;&Sifa[mMum;cJ hwJ h

OykofoDvudk emzl;w,f? 'DaeYvjynhf OykofaeY

Oy kofapmih fr,fqd k Ny D ; Oy kofapmih fonf h

oabmjzihf taoaumifvdk pif;aeowJh}

e*g;BuD;a&xJrSm pOf;vJaeawmh

ywf0ef;usifu ig;uav;awG u e*g;BuD;

bmjzpfaewmvJqdkNyD; vmavhvmMuowJh/

e*g;BuD;tay:u jzwfoGm;vdkuf? yg;pyfem;

oGm;vd kufE Si h f e*g; BuD;& J U ae&mtES H Yu d k

avhvmMuovdk

]e*g;BuD;aowmr[kwfbl;? tdyfae

wmjzpfr,f tem;uyfoGm;vdkY vefYEdk;oGm;&if

rifw;dkYawG e*g;tpm;cH&r,fqdkNyD; ig;tcsKdUu

ajymjyowJh/ 'gayr,fh ig;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u

e*g;BuD;aoaewmbJxifNyD; ESmacgif;em;?

yg;pyfem; oGm;a&mufaqmhupm;aeMuowJh}

tJ'DtcgrSm e*g;BuD;u 'Dig;av;awG

igpm;&uHBuHKvdkY a&muf vmwmyJ oDvqdkwm

xyfNyD; t"d|mefxyf,l&wmyJ BuHKwkef;awmh

pm;vdkufOD;r,fqdkNyD; yg;pyf[NyD; ig;uav;

awGudk pm;vdkufowJh/ ig;uav; pm;NyD;Adkuf0

oGm;awmh wpfzeft"d|mefNyD; oDvaqmuf

wnfjyef owJh/

aemuf ig;uav;awG wpfokwf

xyfvmjyefawmh oDvt"d|mef zsuf Ny D ;

ig;uav;awGudk xyfrHpm;vd kufjyefowJh/

NyD;awmh t"d|mefNyD; xyfrHoDvaqmufwnf

vdkufjyefowJh/ tJ'DvdkbJ t"d|mefoDv aqmuf

wnfvdkuf ig;uav;awG xGufvm&if yg;pyf[

pm;vkdufESihf e*g;rif; OykofoDvapmihfovdk

,ckvJ ynm0Hou omraP&JUoDv vdif(10)

yg;? 'Pf(10)yg;udk e*g;rif; Oykofapmihfovdk

apmih faeoudk;uG JU} [k rdef Y Mum;vd kuf&m

ud k&i fr sm;r Sm ud k&i fynm0 HoMunh f Ny D ;

waomaom &,farm Muavonf/

cifolZmjrif h

33

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/


t&SifyapöuAk'¨gESihf t&dE´rrif;

t&SifynmaZmw(e*g;ay:)

vGefavNy D ;aom twdwfumv

wkef;u i,foli,fcsif;ESpfOD; vrf;cGJxGufcJh

Muonf/ tESp fE Sp fq,f jynh faomtcg

wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;jyefawGUpwrf;[k uwdxm;cJhMu

onf/

tESpfESpfq,fMumNyD;aemuf wOD;u

bk&i f Bu D ; jzp fvmygonf/ avmuwGi f

bk&ifb0 onf tjrihfqHk;? tBuD;qHk;? taumif;

qHk;[k ,lqaeygonf/ bk&ifBuD;u vGefcJhaom

tESpfESpfq,fu oli,fcsi f;ud kowd&Ny D;

wkdif;jynftESHY &SmazG cJhonf/

wkdif;jynftpGeftzsm;wpfae&mwGif

uav;wpfOD;\ owif;ay;rIaMumifh i,foli,f

csif;udk aomeutrnf& yapöuAk'¨g &[ef;

toGifjzih fawGU&S d&avonf/ bk&ifBuD;u

ouFef;tEGrf;tpkwfESih f tb,frnfaom

uyfyg;qif;&Jom;ygenf;[k ar;cGef;xkwfvdkufyg

onf/

'g,um igum;qif;&Jom;r[kwf?

oifrif;BuD;

om qif;&Jom;[k jyefajzcJhygonf/ tb,f

aMumifhqdkaomf-

oifhwkdif;jynf &efolrsm;u zsufqD;cJh

aomf? oihfpD;yGm;udk &efolrsm;u vk,lcJhaomf?

oih ftoufud k &efolrsm;u tEÅ&m,fjyK

owfjzwfcJhaomf oifonf trSefyif ylaqG;

aomua&mufNy D ; p dw fqi f ;& Jv lqi f ;& J

jzpf&ygrnf/

uREfkyfrSmrlum; &efolrsm;zsufqD;&ef

tdk;tdrfae&yf tydkifr&Sdyg/ uREfkyfxHwGif &efol

rsm; zsufqD;Ed kifaom odrf;qnf;xm;aom

ypönf;Opömr&Sdyg/ uREfkyftm; &ef&Smrnhf&efol

wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQr&Sdyg/vGwfvGwfvyfvyf

oGm;vmaeEd kifonfjzpfí pdwfa&mudk,fyg

csrf;omonfjzpfaMumif; &Sif;jyygonf/

t&dE´rrif;url vGwfvyfrIudk rESpf

oufaMumif; tm½Hkig;yg; umr*kPfw&m;wdkYudk

ESpfoufaMumif; a&T? aiG 0w¬K umr? udavom

umrwdkYudk olESpfoufaMumif; jyefajzcJhygonf/

xdktcg t&dE´rrif;jzpfol i,foli,fcsif;tm;

&SifyapöuAk'gjzpfaom aomeuyapöuAk'gu

oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS u,fwifvdkaomqE´jzihf-

Zmwfvrf;wpfckudk atmufygtwkdif; ajymjyyg

onf/

'g,umrif; BuD; ynm&S dwd k Yonf

Oyrmwpfckudk wifjyumrQjzihf jrifvG,fwwfyg

onf/ tm½H kwpfyg;pdwfroGm;bJ Oyrmudk

em;pdkufapvdkygonf/

wpfaeYaomtcg **Fg jrpfv,frS

arsmygvmaom qifaoykyfwpfaumifud k

usD;rd kufonf jrifojzihf ]]ihgwpfoufawmh

pm;avmufNyD}} [k qifaoaumifay:odkYvdkufNyD;

qifom;udkpm;? a&wdkYudkaomufvsuf qifao

aumifay:odkY arsmygvkdufoGm;avonf/ usD;rdkuf

onf urf;udkjrifaomfvnf; rysH? awmtkyfudk

jrifaomfvnf;rysH? **Fgjrpftwkdif; arsmygvsuf

tcsdefukefavonf/ aemufwaeY rdk;aomuf

umva&mufaomf qifaoaumifykyfonf **Fg

jrpfrS ork'&modkYa&muf&SdNyD; yifv,fwGif;rS vdIif;

Murf;avMurf;rsm;wdkufcwfrIaMumihf qifao

aumifonf z½dkz&JepfjrKyfp jyKvmNyD; qif

aoaumif epfjrKyfaomf qdyfurf;udkrSef;NyD;

ysHoef;aomfvnf; b,ft&yfrSmrS qdyfurf;udk

rawGU&bJ tawmifanmif;NyD; yifv,fodk Y

usqif;cJh&avonf/ a&owå0g ig;? rdausmif;

wdkY\pm;jcif;udk cH&avonf/

xdkOyrmuJhodkY rif;BuD;onf qifao

aumify ky fE Si h fwlaom &Si fbk&i fpnf;p dr f

wpfaomif;ajcmufaxmifaom ZeD;r,m;

rsm;ESihf a&T? aiGwdkYudk rufarmaejcif;aMumifh

rMumrD ork'´&mwGif;odkYusí ysufpD;cJhaom

usD;rkdufuJhodkY jzpfawmhrnf/

**Fga&tpifESihfwlaom Z&mw&m;ESihf

yifv,fa&vdIif;Murf;rsm;xefvSaom a&Zvm

jyifBuD;u r&Pw&m;jzpfawmhonf/ Z&m

r&Pw&m;u rdrdwdkY\toufESihf cE¨mudk,f

tm; 0g;rsdKzsufqD;rIaMumifh urf;wpfzufrS

edAÁmefudk ,ckuyifvSrf;jrif usihfaqmiftyf

aMumif; Oyrmjyí a[mMum;cJhygonf/

t&dE ´ri f ; Bu D ;onf oHa0*&í

om;awmfudk xD;eef;vTJtyfNyD; awmxGufoGm;yg

onf/

OD;ynmaZmw (e*g;ay:)

ñTef;- ig;&mhig;q,fedygwfawmf

34"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/


ukd ar;jcif;tm;jzihfawmh tcsdefukefNyD; a&m*g

wdk;vmzkdYyJ&Sdw,f/

tm;ukd;wBuD;eJY a&mufvmwJhvlemukd

tjypf&Sm tjypfwifajymaer,fhtpm; rdrdtvkyf

ukd rdrdvkyfaqmifjcif;tm;jzihf vlem&JUtouf

ukd apmihfa&Smufu,fwif&mra&mufaybl;vm;/

olrsm;tjypfudk ajymaer,fhtpm; ukd,fbmvkyf

&r,fqkdwmyJ pOf;pm;oihfw,f/

jrefrmrIqkdxkH;rSm ]]vJaeol ulay;

yg? tm;i,fol tm;ay;yg}} qkdwJ hpum;

&Sdw,f/ qkdvkd&if;u vJaeolukd ulnDaz;rNyD;

xlay;zkdY? tm;i,faeolukd tm;wufvmatmif

tm;ay;pum;awGeJY ESpfodrfhay;zkdYygyJ/

vJaeolukd bmaMumihfvJ&wmvJ?

b,fvk d jzpfvd k Y vJ&wmvJ ponftm;jzih f

tjypfwifpum;qkdaer,fqkd&if vJaeolvnf;

jyefxvmEkdifrSmr[kwfbl;/ tm;i,faeolukd

bmjzpfvdkY tm;i,fae&wmvJ vdkY tjypfwif

ar;cGef;xkwfaer,fhtpm; ]]tm;ri,fygeJYuGm?

rif;ukd igulnDEkdifoavmuf tpGrf;ukef ulnD

ay;r,f}}/ 'Dpum;[m wpfbufvltwGuf

pdwfcGeftm;awG wufoifhoavmuf jrihfwuf

vmr,f/

olwpfyg;tjypfukdjrifNyD; ajymcsifvGef;

wJh qEaMumihf ukd,fulnDay;&r,fh ESpfodrfhay;

&r,fht&mawG vpf[moGm;&w,f/ 'Dtcsuf

[m vlom;wdkif; rdrdukd,fudk jrifatmifMunhf

wwfzkdYyJ/

ukd,fh&JUtjypfudk jrifjcif;tm;jzihf

igvnf; rSm;wwfovdk olvnf; rSm;wm

bmqef;rSmvJ/ trSm;enf;atmif pGr f;

aqmifay;jcif; ? aemufrrSm;atmif

ESpfodrfhtm;ay;jcif;uom omvGefjrihfjrwf

wJhaygif;pnf;zG JUwnfrIwpf&yfyif r[kwf

ygvm;/

wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muf tjypfawG

zkdY ajymqkdaejcif;tm;jzihf tusKd;&v'f wpfpkH

wpf&mjzpfvmzkdYr&Sdbl;/ qkH;½IH;epfemzkdYyJ &Sdw,f/

olYtjypf ukd,fhtjypfukd t"durxm;bJ aygif;

pnf;nDñTwfjcif;&JU tusKd;&v'fukd azmfaqmif

zkdYom vkd&if;jzpfw,f/

a&SUrSmjycJhwJh a,musfm;vkyfol[m

tdrfolZeD;onfukd tjypfawGajymqkdaejcif;

tm;jzihf olYom;av;vnf; toufjyef&Sifvm

Ekdifp&mtaMumif;r&Sdbl;/ jzpfNyD;wmvnf; jzpf

NyD;NyD/ 'gaMumifh tm;i,fpkd;xdwfaewJh ZeD;onf

ukd a'gojzpfraeawmhbJ olY&JUcspfjcif;pum;eJY

ESpfodrfhay;vkdufw,f/

'DvkdESpfodrfhtm;ay;jcif;cHvkduf&wJh

ZeD;onf[m &ifxJuaomuawG Nidrf;wef

oavmuf Nidrf;oGm;vdkY pdwfoufom&m&ap

w,f/ ukd,hfaMumihf olpdwfcsrf;om&ovkd

ukd,fvnf; pdwfcsrf;omrI&w,f/ 'g[m w'*F

av;twGif;rSm rSefrSefuefuef pOf;pm;qkH;jzwf

wwfvdkY &vkdufwJh aumif;uGufawGyg/

udpöwpfckukd taqmwvsifqkH;jzwf

&mrSm tajzESpfrsKd;&Sdygw,f/ yxrwpfrsKd;u

(a,medaomreodum&) eJYqkH;jzwfwJhtajz

&,f/ 'kwd,wpfrsKd;u qefYusifbuf (ta,m

edaom reodum&) eJY qkH;jzwfwJhtajz&,f/

b,folYb,folrS tjypfrwifawmhbJ jzpf&r,fh

taMumif;&SdvdkY jzpf&wmvkdY ESvkH;oGif;NyD; qkH;jzwf

csufcsr,fqkd&if (a,medaomreodum&)

tqk d ;xJu aumif;uGufuk domMunh f Ny D ;

taumif;qkH;jzpfatmif wnfaqmufwJhoabm/

wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf tjypfwif

NyD; olraumif;vkdY jzpf&wm? igraumif;vkdY

jzpf&wm ponftm;jzihf a0zefqkH;jzwfr,f

qkd&if (ta,medaomreodum&) raumif;

uGufudkomMunhfNyD; aumif;uGufeJYa0;&mudk

OD;wnfoGm;apwJhoabm/

tjypfrjrifwJh ESpfodrfhrIrsKd;ay;EkdifzkdY

qkd&ifawmh (a,medaomreodum&) usus

ESvkH;oGif;qifjcifwwf&r,f/ 'grS csKdNrdefwJh &v'f

awG &&SdEkdifrSm r[kwfygvm;/

twef;xJrSm pmt&rf;nHhwJh ausmif;

om;av;ukd q&mu ]rif;t&rf;nHhwmyJuGm} vdkY

ajymr,fhae&mrSm csKdcsK domomav;eJY ]om;

rif;twef;xJrSm tawmfqkH;jzpfzkdYqkd&if trsm;

BuD; BuKd;pm;&vdrfhr,f? trsm;BuD; BuKd;pm;vkduf

prf;yguGm} vdkYajymwmu ydkNyD;xda&mufrI&Sdyg

w,f/

rif;[m nHhwJholyJvkdY jypfwifpum;

ajymjcif;tm;jzihf uav;u awmfvmzkdYr&Sdbl;/

rif;trsm;BuD; BuKd;pm;vdkufprf;yg vdkY ajymjcif;

tm;jzihf olt&ifxuf BuKd;pm;r,f/ olBuKd;pm;

vmwmeJYtrQ awmfvmygvdrfhr,f/ rif;rSm

trsm;BuD;BuKd;pm;&vdrfhr,fqdkwJh pum;[m

trSefawmh nH hvd k YajymwmygyJ/ nH hwmuk d

nHhw,fvkdY wkduf½dkufrajymbJ pum;ukd vSD;vTJNyD;

ok H ;E Ie f ; vk dufwm[m nH hwJ huav;awmf

vmatmif ESpfodrfhtm;ay;vkdufwmyg/

wpfcgwpfav ukd,fajymvkdufwJh

ESpfodrfhpum;[m ukd,fu bmrSr[kwfbl; xif&

ayr,hf wpfbufom;tzkdY tusKd;wpfpkHwpf&m

jzpfoGm;apygw,f/ ukd,feJY ywfoufqufEG,f

aewJh vlrI0ef;usifrSm ukd,f[m olwpfyg;ukd

ESpfodrfhtm;ay;wwfol? ukd,hfukd,fukdvnf;

ESpfodrfhtm;ay;wwfoljzpfatmif tNrJavhusihf

aexkdif&r,f/ 'grS tjypfjrifpdwfenf;vmav

av tukodkvfenf;vmavavjzpfrSmyg/

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif ukd,fawmfjrwf[m

a&m*gawG zdpD;ESdyfpufaewJh ylwd*wåwdó

rax&fBuD;ukd ukd,fawmfwkdif jyKpkapmihfa&Smuf

ay;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh "r®a&at;eJYvnf; ESpfodrfh

a[mMum;ay;w,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;

ay;wJh "r®a&at;aMumihfom rax&fjrwfBuD;

oufom&m&NyD; edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyKEkdifcJhwm/

'gu tjypfuif;wJ holuk d r[m

u½kPm&Sifu "r®a&at;eJY ESpfodrf hay;wJh

om"ujzpfw,f/ 'gudkenf;,lNyD; ukd,fvnf;

vk dtyf&i f tjyp fuif ;wJ holuk d E Sp fodr f h

pum;ajymwmrsKd; vkyfoihfw,f/

tdrfu tarBuD;u qHyifawGjzLaevdkY

pdwfnpfaewJhtcgrSm tazBuD;u ]pdwfrnpf

ygeJYuGm? Z&mrSm tvSw&m;awG&Sdygw,f?

rif;acgi f;u qHjzLwpfyif[m ihgtzk d Y

pHyg,f wpfyGihfvdk Y xifaerdvkd YyJ}/ tJ'Dvdk

rodromav;ajr§mufNyD; ESpfodrfhay;vkdufr,f

qk d&if tarBuD; oabmusNyD; NyK H;aerSm

aocsmw,f/ bmyJ jzpfjzpf aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUrI

qkdwm[m tcsKdUae&m rSm qef;opfajymifajrmuf

wJh ESpfodrf hpum;av;awGeJY zefwD;,l&wm

rsKd;vnf;&Sdw,f/

tjypfawGvkyfcJ hayr,fh tjypfvkd Y

rjrifbJ ESpfodrfhtm;ay;wm&,f? tjypfuif;wJh

olukd ESpfodrhfrIay;wm&,f? ESpfrsKd;pvkH; olwdkYukd

pdwfcsrf;omapcsifvkdY ukd,fvnf; pdwfcsrf;om

csifvkdYyg/

ESpfOD;ESpfbuf uk d,fa&mpdwfyg

csrf;omapcsif&if MuifemrIjynhf0wJhvuf

tpkHeJY az;rNyD; cGeftm;ygwJh ESpfodrfhpum;

awGajymzkd Yta&;BuD;ygw,f/ cGeftm;ygwJh

ESpfodrfhpum;ukd wu,fvkdtyfwJhtcsdefrSm

Mum;vkduf&r,fqkd&if ysm;&nfxufcsKdNrdef

aprSmyg/

'gaMumifh tjypfrjrifwJh ESpfodrfhrIawG

eJY avmu&JUwpfaxmihfwpfae&mrSm tvSqif

MuygpdkYvdkY tBuHjyK&if; ed*kH;csKyfvkdufygw,f/

tm;vkH;yJ tjypfrjrifwJh ESpfodrfhrIawGeJY b0rSm

aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUEkdifMuygap/

ynmEG,f({&majr-"EkjzL)

rSDNidrf; -"r®y'

pmrsufESm 16 rS

35"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/


"r®c&D;onfwpfOD;

udk,fawGUavQmufvSrf; "r®vrf;

1/ a*gwrAk'¨\w&m;awmfrsm;onf

razmufrjyef uGufwdrSefuefaom jzpfpOfrsm;\

t&S dw&m;tay: avmuDtus K d ;p D ;y Gm ; ?

avmukwå&m (edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;) tusKd;

pD;yGm;ESihf avmuD avmukwå&m ESpfjzmaom

tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd vl? ewf? jA[®m? owå0gwdkY

ESpfoufovdk okH;Ekdif&ef vrf;ñTefrdefYMum;csuf

rsm;jzpfonf[k cH,lrdyg\/

2/ oEÅdokc (okdYr[kwf) edAÁmefjrwfukd

wpfcP cHpm;vkduf&onfjzpfap? tNyD;tykdif

trdt& &&SdoGm;onfjzpfap oHo&mc&D;onf

wpfOD; twGuf wkEIdif;r&aom tusKd;jzpfygrnf/

3/ 0dyóem bm0emyGm;jcif;onf b0

tqufquf oHo&mtqufquf jyKNyD; pkpnf;

&&SdNyD; yg&rDtay: "r®c&D;vrf;ü BuKHawGUcH,l

&&SdNrJ[k ouf0if,kHMunfrdygonf/

4/ þaqmif;yg;&Sif "r®c&D;onfwpfOD;

\ ukd,fawGUjzpfpOfrSwfwrf;tm; zwf½Iavhvm

jcif;jzihf ESpfoufovkd aumufcsuf,l tusKd;&Sd

pGm okH;Ekdif&ef tcef;quf azmfjytyfygonf/

Nidrf;csrf;OD;

uGif;qufrdNyD

tJ'D(9)&ufvnf;NyD;a&m a&TusD;jrifrSm

OD;okeErS (7)&ufw&m;yGJav; usif;yygw,f/

reufu pvk d Y n(10)em&Dxdwk di fatmif

emw&m;? a[mw&m;? rSwfw&m;? tvkyfoif?

tvkyfay;ukd tcsdefawGydkif;vdkY a[majym jyo

oGm;ygw,f/ tJ'D w&m;yGJudkvnf; ukd,ftm;wJh

tcsdefav; ajy;NyD;emvdkY xkdifvkdYqkdawmh t&Sdef

av;wpfck qufrdoGm;ygw,f/ tJ'D w&m;yGJu

aeyJ opömw&m;awG emMum;cGihf&cJhw,f/ tJ'D

(7)&uftwGif; ukd,foGm;EkdifwJhtcsdefrSm &o

avmufav; xkdifcJ hawmh jzpfysufav;awG

raeombJ wzGm;zGm; xGufay:vm&NyDayhg/

aMomf- 'gonfyif qif;&JvGef;vkd Y csrf;om

&SmcJh&mu &cJhwJh tjrwfygyJvm;/

xl;jcm;rI(5)

tcGifhromvdkY cGJcGmcJh&wJh jzpfysuf

av;awGeJY jyefqkH&wJhtcg w&m;tm;xkwfvkd

wJ hpdwfawG wzGm;zGm;jzpfcJ h&NyDayhg/ 'DrSmyJ

oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf0ifwJh opöa0'*l&dyfom

ukd oBuFefwGif; (10)&ufrSm 0ifjzpfcJhygw,f/

&dyfom&JUenf;pepfu xda&mufvSygw,f/

pBuFef ur®|mef;vnf; rSwfwwfoGm;NyD/ w&m;

emcsdef? xkdifcsdef? pBuFefavQmufcsdefrSpvdkY vkyf

orQ tcsdefwkdif; ESvkH;oGif;wwfoGm;ygNyD/ &dyfom

a&mufNyD; 'kwd,&ufrSmyJ xl;jcm;rIwpfck jzpfyg

NyD/ aeYvnf &yfur®|mef;csdefrSm w&m;rSwf&if;u

ae wpfukd,fvkH; &yfaewJhykHpHuae wjzKwfjzKwf

NyKdysufusvdk Y atmufqkH;ajczsm;xd ½IcsdefrSm

cE¨muk d,faysmufNyD; jzpfysuftyk Hav;om

½IÓPfatmufrSm awGUcJh&ygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdef

NyD;uwnf;u vl[m tm;tifukefcrf;vdkY ykHvJ

csifvmygw,f/ usefwJhtcsdefawGudk tm;wif;

NyD; xkdifcJhygw,f/ nykdif; taqmifjyefwJhtcsdef

ypfvSJypfvkdufNyD; wef;em;ypfvkdufygw,f/

acgif;awGvnf; rl;aemufvkdY ae&wmvnf; cuf

vd k Yayg h/ tefcsifovk dvk dvnf; jzpfaeNyD/

[if;ueJ oufjyif;csvdkY ypfvSJypfvkdufw,f/

'gayr,hf tJ'DtcsdefrSm jzpfysufawG tvkH;t&if;

eJY ay:aeygNyD/ b,fvkdvkyfrvJ? em;csifvSygNyD

qkdrS? rsufvkH;rSdwfum&Sdao; 'DjzpfysufawGu

t&SdefeJYukd tm;&yg;&0ifvmwmqkdawmh bmrS

rwwfEk difbl;/ vluvnf; tm;ukefaeNyD/

cHEkdif&nfr&Sdovkd cHpm;&w,f/ 'gaMumifh yg;pyf

uae ab;uvlawGukd tultnDawmif;yg

w,f/ vkyfygOD; em;csifvSygNyD/ 'DjzpfysufawGukd

oGm;ckdif;vkdufyg/ acgif;awGvnf; rl;aeygNyDvkdY

atmfawmh ab;uvlawGuvnf; pdwfavsmh

xm;vk duf? aumi;foGm;rSmygvk d YajymwmeJ Y

aeyap[m qkdNyD; pdwfavsmhNyD; tdyfypfvkduf

w,f/

wefzk d;rjzwfEk difaom pum;wpfcGef;-

q&mawmf OD;acrmpm&

aemufwpfaeYrSm q&mawmf w&m;

ppfawmh nujzpfwJh tjzpftysufudk avQmuf

ygw,f/ 'Dawmh q&mawmfu jyefajymygw,f/

'gudk ay½I&rSmwJh? b,frSmtm;xkwfcJhzl;vJ/

vrf;aMumif;rSe faeNyD/ qufBuK d;pm;yg/

tdrfa&muf&if rysufygapeJ Y/ eD;pyf&m

&dyfomwpfckckrSm quftm;xkwfjzpfatmif

tm;xkwfyg}} vkdY rSwfcsufay;cJhygw,f/

'Daemufydkif;rSmawmh wpfaeYwpfrsKd;

rBuKHzl;wmawG BuKH&ygw,f/ 'gav;awGukd

rSwfwdkiftaeeJY owfrSwfvdkY wifjyygr,f/

rSwfwdkif(1) ½Iae&if;u jzpfysufawG

wpfjznf;jznf; avsmhoGm;NyD/ tukef&Sif;vkd Y

[if;vif;jyifBuD;jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ ESmoD;zsm;

jyefrSwfawmhvnf; 0ifvmwJhavu MunfNyD;

at;vdkY twkdif;om;? txif;om;? t&Sif;om;?

cE¨mukd,f jyef½Iawmhvnf; jzpfysufrawGU&?

ayhgyg;NyD; at;aewm cHpm;&w,f/ [m- ae&if;

xkdif&if; tvkyfvufrJhjzpfoGm;NyD/ jzpfysufrS

r&Sdawmh bmoGm;½IrSmvJaemf/ 'gu wpf&uf/

rSwfwdkif(2) ykH&dyfrsm; w&pyf0ifvm

w,f/ awmawmifawG txyfxyfawGU&w,f/

vIdif;vkH;BuD;awG w0kef;0kef;eJY jrif&w,f/ bk&m;

ykHawG tBudrfBudrfzl;&w,f/ azmifawmfOD; bk&m;

aygif;rsm;pGmukd rkd;ukyfpuf0kdif;tqkH;xd twef;

vkduf tjynfhukd zl;&w,f/ wpfcgrsm; bk&m;&Sif

ukd,fwkdif awmawmifxdyfuae xkdifvsuf<u

vmNyD; uREkfyf&JU&if0ukd vSrf;csdefvsuf 0&Zdef

vufeufeJYypfcsvkdufovkd xdef;ueJ 0if;ueJ?

tkd- trsKd;udkpkHvkdYygyJ/ bmvmvm 'gawGtm;vkH;

jzpfysuf½Ivkdufawmh &SdorQykH&dyfawG rIefYrIefY

nufnufaMuvkdY jzpfjcif; ysufjcif;oabmav;

twkdif; ukefqkH;oGm;Mu&ygw,f/

'DvkdeJY (10)&ufw&m;pcef; NyD;cJhygNyD/

q&mawmfrdefYcJhwJh rSwfcsufuav;u acgif;xJ

pG JNyD;aeygw,f/ pdwfukd avsmhxm;ygw,f/

a&SUwkef;uvdkyJ tdrfa&muf&ifawmh 'kH&if;yJ

jyefjzpfoGm;rSmygyJvdk Y awG;aecJhygao;w,f/

eD;pyf&mpcef;vnf; rjrif? vkyfjzpfr,fvnf;

rxif? 'gayr,hf q&mawmfajymovdk vkyfEkdif

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/


36

&ifawmh aumif;rSmyJvkdY awG;rdcJhygw,f/

rdefYrSmwJhtwdkif; jzpfcJ hNyD

tdrfudkjyefa&mufvkdY wpf&ufyJ &Sdao;

w,f/ tcs dwftqufu a&mufvmygNyD/

a&TusD;jrifrSm wyfOD;ausmif;q&mawmf OD;eE´

w&m;jyaew,f/ (10)&ufjyrSmjzpfw,f/

wpfaeYrS wpfem&DxJ&,f/ oGm;EkdifvdkYuawmh

taumif;qkH;yJvkdY owif;ay;r,fhvl tdrfukd

a&mufvmNyD/ trav;.. tqifoifhvkdufwm

aemf/ raeYurS &dyfomu jyefa&mufw,f/ 'DaeY

w&m;yGJ quf&OD;r,f/ 'gqkd q&mawmfrdefYrSmwJh

twkdif; vkdufemEkdifNyDayhg/ aMomf- tyg,fu

qGJxkwfay;r,fh aus;Zl;&SifwpfOD; xyfwkd;vmyg

NyD/ nykdif; w&m;yGJoGm;vdkY ½Ienf;av;emMum;NyD;

rSwfvkdufwm? aumif;vkdufwmaemf/ "gwfqGwm

ukd odcGihf&cJhNyD/ NcKHNyD; ½IrSwfwwfcJhNyD/ 'Daemuf

awmh w&m;u aqmifoGm;vdkYvm;rod/ (5)rdepf

&&if (5)rdepfvkNyD; w&m;xkdifjzpfw,f/

xl;jcm;rI(6)

raeYn tdyf&m0ifawmh w&m;rSwfNyD;

tdyfcJhw,f/ reufvnf;a&mufa&m wpfrsKd;BuD;

ygvm;/ bmjzpfwmvJvdkY aocsmjyL;Munhfvkduf

awmh MunhforQ tukefysuf ysufukefNyD/ [if-

b,fvkdvJayhg/ 'geJY rkefYpm;vnf; yef;uefukd

pkdufMunhfawmh ysufwmyJawGU&? pmoifawmh?

uav;awGMunhfawmh? cE¨mxJu jzpfysufukd

jrif&ovdk MunhfMunhforQtukef tysufawG

csnf; jzpfukefw,f/ 'ku©yJ/ uav;wpfa,muf

ukd pkdufMunhfawmh olYrjrifbJ tysufyJjrif? ol

bmajymrSef;rod? ukd,hfjzpfysufeJYukd,f vkH;vnf

awGvkdufaew,f/ jriforQtm;vkH; tysufrkdY

rsufvkH;rdSwfawmhvnf; 'DtysufyJ/ [l;..

b,fvd kvkyf&yg hrvJ/ raewwfawmhbl;/

aMumufvmNyD/ vkyfvkdYukdifvdkYr&awmhbl;/ bm

MunhfMunhf 'gyJjrifaeNyD/ 'geJY wyfOD;ausmif;u

q&mawmfqD ydkYay;ygqkdawmh qkdifu,fpD;zkdYu

rvG,f/ vrf;rSmjriforQ tukefysufaeNyDav/

'geJY aemufuxkdifvkdufNyD; rsufvkH;rSdwfNyD; vdkuf

cJh&ygw,f/ q&mawmfu rdefYvkdufygw,f/ 'gu

orm"dtm;aumif;vkd Y jrifEk difwm/ 'gay

r,fh cE¨mwGif;om ÓPfpkduf&rSmyg/ cE¨m

jyifyu t&mawGtay: ÓPfrpkduf ygeJY/

½ Ip&mrvd kbl;/ tm;vk H ; jzp fysufawGud k

pMu0Vmuk d jzef Yypfvk dufyg vk d Y ajymr S

½ IwwfoGm;Ny D; oufom&m&oGm;ygw,f/

q&mawmfukd,fwkdif rdepf(20) w&m;Muyf

rwfay;cJhygw,f/ aMomf- q&maumif;&Sdvdk Y

omayhg/

xl;jcm;rI(7)

vlu aevdkYraumif;/ vlrrmESihf wl

vmonf/ pum;oHawGvnf; rMum;csif/ tysuf

awGcsnf;om jrifae&onf/ ydkqkd;wmu w&m;

xkdifvkdufwmeJY tefcsifvmNyD/ &ifxJu tvkH;

BuD;qkdYwufvmovdk cHpm;&w,f/ qkd;vkdufwm

aemf/ bmyJjzpfjzpf w&m;tm;rxkwfbJ raeEkdif

wmrk d Y tm;xkwf? tm;xkwfawmh tefcsif?

tefcsifwmu t&SdefawG wufwufvmNyD/

'gayr,fh rtef?? ajy;&jyefNyD/ wyfOD;ausmif;qD

q&mawmfu atmufodkY ½IcsypfzkdY? qkdYaeaom

tvkH;udk azmufcGJNyD; wpfppDvGihfxGufoGm;

atmif ay½Iay;zkdY oifay; jyay;onf/ ab;

uae w&pyf Muyfrwfay;aeawmh 'DtvkH;BuD;

ausatmif? rGatmif? aysmufoGm;atmifxd

½I&wm tm;awGukefvkdufwm? acR;awG wpf

aygufaygufusvdkYayhg/ aemufqkH;awmh (1)em&D

eD;yg;avmuf Mumygw,f/ olYukdvnf; EkdifoGm;

a&m tkd- ayghyg;vef;qef;NyD; aevdkYaumif;oGm;

wmayhg/

xl;jcm;rI(8)

wpfckNyD;vdkY tarmajyr,f rBuHao;

bl;/ aemufwpfckvmNyDav/ w&m;uvnf;

rrSwf& raeEkdifatmifudk tcsdefjynhfac:aeyg

NyD/ rSwfvnf;rSwfaeNyD/ cufwmu tefcsifwm

aysmufNyD;uwnf;u 0rf;oGm;csifwmjzpfvm

awmhwmyJ/ wu,fvm;qkdawmh roGm;/ bk&m;

cef;rSm w&m;xkdifvkduf? 0rf;omcsifvdkY ajy;vkduf?

NyD;awmh roGm;qkdawmh w&m;aumif;aumif;udk

rxkdifEkdifygbl;/ aemufqkH;awmh tdrfomxJrSmyJ

w&m;rSwfwJhtxd tjzpfu awmfawmfqkd;cJh

ygw,f/ 'gayr,hfvnf; roGm;ygbl;/ w&m;

rSwfwmuvnf; rvGwfcsifatmif jzpfcJh&yg

w,f/ 'geJY q&mawmfOD;a&0w tdrf<uvmwkef;

avQmufxm;awmh a&oefY0ifr,fhykvif;onf

twGif;oefY&Sif;zkdYvkdw,fwJh/ twGif;rSm roefY&Sif;

cJh&if oefY&Sif;oGm;atmif arTaESmufNyD; oHo&m

u ygvmwJhtnpftaMu;awG xGufudk xGuf

ay;&w,fwJh/ tckawmh xGufzkdYtm;,laewm

qkdawmh Ekdifatmifawmh ½I&rSmayhg/

oHa0*ÓPfyGihfNyD/

reuf tdyf&mxawmh 0rf;awG oGm;

ygNyD/ vlrrmuJhodY pdwfawGxJrSm jzpfysufawG

w&pyf tcsdefjynhfwdk;0ifcJhw,f/ 'DvkdeJY w&m;

av; w&pyfrSwfae&if; ukd,feJY rvSrf;rurf;rSm

aMumifrBuD;u aMumifav; vmarG;ygw,f/

arG;rSef;rodbJ Munhfvkdufrdwm? taoav;

arG;wmjrifvkduf&awmh trav; aMumufp&m?

&GHp&maumif;vkdufwmaemf/ olYukdMunhfvkdufwJh

tMunhfwpfcsufu rsufvkH;xJrSmpGJNyD; oHa0*

ÓPfawG yGm;vkdYayhg/ aMomf- 'kdYcEmu jzpfjcif;?

ysufjcif;oabmav;awGuvnf; bmxl;vJ?

arG;aoav;awGygyJvm;/ trav; &GHrkef;p&m

aumif;vkdufwmaemf/ atmf*vDqefwufvdkY?

½IrSwforQ jzpfysufawG tay:rSm pufqkyfp&m

vdkY jrifvmcJhw,f/ jzpfvkduf ysufvkdufawG[m

arG;vkdufaovkdufeJY rjcm;ygvm;/

rkef;ÓPfa&mufNyD

'Dvkd½IrSwfae&if;u rcHr&yfEkdifatmif

atmf*vDawGqefvdkY/ 'DjzpfysufawGudk rvkdcsif

awmhygbl;/ &yfMuygawmh/ awmfMuygawmhvdkY

tHBudwfNyD; ½IrSwfaeaomfvnf; 'DjzpfysufawG

u ydkYvdkYawmif ESdyfpufcHae&awmh 'Djzpfysuf

awGeJY a0;&mudk xGufajy;&aumif;rvm;ayhg/

olwdkYudkvGwfcsNyD; ajy;csifvmw,f/ 0rf;awGu

vnf; oGm;aumif;aygh/ tdyf,mxufrSm ½IrSwf

&if; ½kef;uefNyD; cH&cufvkdY aMomf- xGufajy;

vkdYvnf; vGwfrSmr[kwfygbl;/ 'gqkd b,fusrS

vGwfrSmvJ/ t"duu oleJYvGwf&if NyD;wmyJ/

rcHEkdifawmhvdkYyg/ 'DjzpfysufawG rvkdcsifygvkdY

awmfawmfBuD;udk pufqkyf&GH&Smaevkdufwm/

aorSvGwfr,fqkd&if tckyJ aoyg&apawmh/

jrefjrefaoyg&ap/ 'DjzpfysufESdyfpufrIuvGwf

&if NyD;wmygyJvdk Y pdwfrSm BudwfrEkdifcJr&eJY

wpfcgrS tJ'Davmufukd rkef;p&mrawGUzl;ygbl;/

tck[muawmh toufawmif pGefYcsifaeygNyD/

awmfygawmh/ 'DrSmyJ 'ku©tppfBuD;ukd vSvSBuD;

udk cH&ygNyD/ jzpfjcif; ysufjcif; 'ku©BuD;uawmh

bmeJYrSukdrwlwJh ajymjyvdkYrrDSEkdifwJh 'ku©BuD;rkdY

'ku©opömqkdwmukd aumif;aumif;BuD; oabm

aygufoGm;ygNyD/ bmeJYwlovJqkdawmh vlem

wpfa,muf aocgeD;rSm a0'emjyif;xefvGef;vdkY

ig;&HUjymvl; atmf[pfNyD; aoaq;jrefjrefxkd;ay;

ygawmh rcHEkdifvkdYyg vdkY atmfaewmeJY wlaeygNyD/

tif;.. b,fvkdvkyf&yhgrvJ/

'ku©csKyf&modk Y vSrf;EkdifNyD

'DvkdeJ Y w&m;xkdifzk d YaMumufaeNyD/

'D'ku©BuD; xyfrcHpm;Ekdifawmhbl;/ tm;rxkwf

vd k Yvnf; rjzpfbl;qk dwmodw,f/ aMomf-

bkef;bkef;ajymwJh ]]ay½I}} qkdwm 'Dae&mrSmyJ

aerSmvdkY awG;rdoGm;w,f/ 'gaMumihf bmyJjzpf

jzpf &ifqkdif&rSmyJqkdNyD; bk&m;a&SU vuftkyfcsD

OD;cs rsufvkH;rSdwfuwnf;u 0ifvmygNyD/ b,f

uwnf;u acsmif;aerSef;rod/ rsufvkH;zGihfzkd Y

BuKd;pm;vkdYawmif r&awmhygvm;/ tif;- ½Ivkduf

&ifyJ ESdyfpufcHae&ygNyD/ rcHEkdifatmifukd 'ku©

opömBuD;ygvm;qk dwm jiif;zG,fr&S dygbl;/

tara&.. u,fygOD;vk d Y atmfcsifvnf;

"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

DHAMMA VIRA 'S POEM

37

q&mBuD;q&mBuD;

q&mBuD;q&mBuD;

q&mBuD;-OD;a&Tatmif

b,folrS u,fEkdifrSmr[kwfwmodw,f/ xGuf

ajy;zkdY xyfpOf;pm;jyefonf/ tkd- ½Iyfw,f 'DcEm

BuD;r&SdrS Nidrf;rSmyg/ 'gaMumifh aovdkufprf;yg/

ckqdk bmrSrrIawmhbl;/ 'Djzpfysufu vGwf&if

NyD;wmyJ/ vGwfcsifvSygNyD/ oufjyif;awG w[if;

[if; csvdkY rJh½IHUaewJhrsufESmeJY pdwfudk ZGwfqGJ

qefYNyD; tHukdBudwfvdkY ½IaecJhw,f/ &if0ukd vSH

tcsufaygif;rsm;pGmeJY qufwkduftxkd;cH&ovkd

ukd rcHEkdifawmhygbl;/ awmfygawmh/ rvdkcsif

awmhygbl;/ vGwfcsifygNyDvkdY 'DcE¨mukdvnf;

pGefYygNyD/ jzpfjcif; ysufjcif;awG &yfygawmhvdkY

b,fvkdyJ ½kef;xGufzkdYBuKd;pm;aeae jzpfysufawG

u t&Sdefaumif;pGmeJY qufESdyfpufvdkY aumif;

aeqJ/ aemufqkH;awmh rwwfEkdifwJhtqkH;

pdwfavQmhNyD; uJ jzpfcsifovkdom jzpfae

ayawmh bmrSrwwfEkdifygbl;av qkdwJhtawG;

av;eJ Y [if;ueJqk d oufjyi f ;av;vJcs

vGwfcsifwJhpdwf uav;udkvnf; pGefYvkdufa&m

zsyfqk d jzpfysufawG wdueJ aysmufxGuf

oGm;w,f/ jzpfysufawG wdueJ csKyfoGm;wm

jrifvk duf&w,f/ wpfatmif h Mumawmhr S

tawG;0ifvmw,f/ [if b,fa&mufoGm;NyDvJ

ckyJ rkef;vSygNyD rvdkcsif ygbl;qk d NyD;awmh

ckusawmh b,fa&mufukefvJ vkduf&Smae&NyD/

b,fvkdygvdrfh/ ukd,hfpdwfukd jyefMunhfawmhvnf;

tapmuvdk rcHEk di fwJ h 'ku© a0'emvnf;

rcHpm;&? 0rf;omrIokcvnf; rcHpm;&ay/

cE¨muk d,fayg h Ny D ; at;ueJc Hpm; &w,f/

0efxkyfBuD;jyKwfusoGm;ovdk ayhgoGm; ovdk

c Hpm;&w,f/ Nidrf;at;rI t&omukdvnf;

&vkdufw,f/ 'geJY igaocsmjyef½IOD;rSyJqkdNyD;

½Iawmh jzpfysufu t&rf;odrfarGUNyD; zsyf..zsyf

zsyf..zsyfeJY cPav;aeawmh NidrfNyD;&Sif;wJhqD

a&mufoGm;w,f/ 'grsKd; (2)BudrfjzpfcJhw,f/

xyfrSwfMunhfOD;r,fqkdNyD; jzpfysufav;awG

wpfazsmufazsmufay:vmwmukd pdwfxJuae

]]ck&yf}} vkdY trdefYay;Munhfvkdufw,f/ xl;qef;pGm

yJ 'Dwpfazsmufazsmufav;awG[m &yf&uf

uav; wefYoGm;wmawGU&w,f/ 'gukd qufrSwf

vkdufawmh Nidrf&Sif;oGm;jyefw,f/ 'grsKd;vnf;

ESpfBudrf&yfckdif;MunhfchJw,f/ xl;qef;wmukdawmh

odw,f/ bmrSef;awmhrodyg/ ae&wmuvnf;

ayghyg;NyD; Munf&TifvdkY cHpm;csufrJhaew,f/ tm½kH

jyKvkduf&if jzpfysufav; 2 csuf 3 csufay:NyD;

Nidrf&Sif;wJhqDyJ tm½kHjyKoGm;w,f/ tm½Hku Ekd;x

vm&if vef;qef;NyD; ayghyg;Munf&Tifaewmudk

cHpm;&w,f/ nusawmh tdyfvnf;rtdyfcsif?

vef;vGef;? ayghvGef;vdkY ½IrSwfp&muvnf; r&Sd

qkdawmh 'DNidrf;&Sif;wmudkom tm½kHjyKaevkduf

ygw,f/ tJ- 0rf;oGm;wmuawmh (11)Budrfxd

oGm;NyD;ygNyD/ tJ'DaeYuawmh txl;jcm;qkH;rdk Y

&ufpGJav; rSwfxm;vkdufonf/

(8.5.08) n 7 em&DrS 8 em&D

twGif;/ puúefY ykdif;av;twGif; ajymif;vJ

oGm;aom cHpm;csuf (2)ckuk d xl;qef;pGm

EIdif;,SOfaerdygawmhonf/

qufvufazmfjyygrnf

jyifcP

à omoemudk jzefYa0iS

udk;wdkif;udk;Xme

tmaomuudkaus;Zl;wif

av;yifjrwfEdk;

½dkusKd;OD;cdkuf

olrdkufb0rS

vlvdrfrmjzpfvm&

w&m;eJYawGU&

uRefYb0ES,fyif/ /

à toifb,favmufrdkufygap

,rkdufawGudkavhvmyg

y|mef;usrf;vnf;avhvmyg

0dyóemvnf; jyKusihfyg

'ge oDvNrJapyg

oHo&mvnf;tusKd;ay;rSm

edAÁmefqdkvnf; ra0;awmhrSm/ /

rif;e&dE´m

Repair a moment

Bow to Asoka whodistribute the Dhammato nine divisions abroad,

I really adore him whofrom cruel personbecame gentle, facedwith Buddha's Dhammalike my Bawa.

You were rudebut study Yamikealso Pat.t.hamPratice Vipassanafirst the sila and Darnathat will produce good returnalong sa-msara andNearby Nibba-na.

Min Nareinder

38"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA DEW

jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf wm0wd Homewfjynfü tbd"r®ma'oem

awmfudk a[mMum;awmfrlaomtcg w&m;em,lylaZmfMuol ewfjA[®mwdkY

tm; tbd"r®ma'oemawmfa[mMum;jcif;udk acwåjzwfíjzwfí

ba'u&wåw&m;awmfudk Mum;n§yfum a[mMum;awmfrlonf[k qdkyg

onf/

xdktcg w&m;em,laeMuol ewfjA[®mwdkY xkdba'u&wåw&m;

awmfudk em,lMuí 0dyóembm0emudk ½IyGm;um t&d,mtjzpfodkY

a&mufMuukefvsuf uRwfwef;0ifMuavonf[k okwåEÅyd#urZÑdredum,

Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf ba'u&wå0db*FokwfwGif azmfjyygonf/

tqdkyg wm0wd Homewfjynf tbd"r®mw&m;yGJawmfBuD;ü?

azmfjyyg ba'u&wåokwfawmfudk Mum;n§yfí a[mawmfrlaom tBudrf

ta&twGufum; &maxmifcsDí &Sdonf[kqdkygonf/ xdk&maxmifcsDaom

tBudrfwkdif;tBudrfwkdif;wdkYü uRwfwrf;0ifMuukefaom ewfjA[®mwdkY\

ta&twGufum; todef;toef;tuka#ra&rwGufomatmif rsm;jym;

onf[l\/

xdkYaMumifh ewfjA[®mwdkYonf tqdkygba'u&wå*gxmw&m;udk

Mum;bl;em;0&SdMuukefonfjzpfí xdkw&m;awmfudk txl;ESpfNcdKuftav;

*½kjyKMuygonf/ xdkw&m;awmf*gxmudk &GwfzwfoHMum;onfESih f

ewfjA[®mrsm;tvdktavsmuf ryifhrzdwf&ygyJ <ua&mufí w&m;em,l

Muonf[k azmfjyyg Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf ba'ú&wåokwftzGihfü

azmfjyygonf/

odkYjzpfygí ¤if;ewfjA[®mwdkY vGefpGmESpfNcdKuftav;*½kxm;Mu

aom ba'u&wå (r*Fvmtcgawmf) w&m;*gxmawmfudk? "r®0D&rmru

w&m;cspfcifolawmfpifwdkY BuD;yGm;csrf;omawmfrlMuygapjcif;tvdkYiSm

þ"r®a'oemaqmif;yg;udk a&;om;ylaZmftyfygonf olawmfaumif;

taygif;wdkY/

ewfjA[®mwdk Y vGefpGmESpfNcdKuftav;*½kjyKxm;aom

ba'ú&wå (r*Fvmtcg) w&m;awmf

1/ twDwH eEGm *ar,s? e y#duacF tem*wH

,'wDwH y[DeH wH? tywÍö tem*wH/ /

2/ ypöKyÜEéÍö a,m "r®H? ww¬ ww¬ 0dyówd

toH[D&H toHukyÜH? wH 0d'Gm rEkjAL[a,/ /

3/ taZÆ0 udpörmwAÁH? aumZnm r&PHoka0

e[daem o*F&Hawe? r[maoaee rpöKem/

4/ {0H 0d[m&d Htmwmyd H? ta[m&wå rwE´dwH

wHa0ba'ú&awåmwd? oaEÅmtmpdu©awrked/

1/yxr*gxmt"dyÜm,f

twdwftm½HkqDodkY rjyefESihf? tem*wftm½HkqDudk rarQmfESihf/

(twdwfudkrjyefESihf tem*wfudkrarQmfESihf/)

2/ 'kwd,*gxmt"dyÜm,f

ypöKyÜeftm½Hkudk udavomrNidESifh? jzpfqJtckduf 0dyóem½Iyg/

(jzpfwmysufwm ½IrSwfyg)

ba'u&wå (r*Fvmtcg) w&m;awmfcifvSjrwfaxG; (tdef*s,frdk;)

3/ wwd,*gxmt"dyÜm,f

0dyóem½IrIudpöudk ,aeYyifjyKyg/ eufjzef&ufrqdkif;ygESihf/

eufjzefaornf[k rnfolrQrodEdkifyg/ aorif;ESifheufjzefrS aoyg&ap[k

csdef;qdkcsufr&Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh 0dyóem½IyGm;rIudpöudk ,aeY,ckubJ ½IrSwf

yGm;rsm;yg/

4/ pwkw¬*gxmt"dyÜm,f

þuJhodkY 0dyóem½IrSwfyGm;rsm;aeaom aeYnOfhrjywf rysif;r&d

vHkYv&Sdaom a,m*Dolawmfpifudk ba'ú&wåyk*¾dKvf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;

a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/

b'´- BuD;yGm;wdk;wuf&m r*Fvm&Sdaom? {u- twkr&Sd

wpfa,mufxnf;wnf; xl;jrwfaom? &wå- aeYnOfhem&Drdepftcg&Sdaom

oludk? ba'u&wåyk*¾dKvf[k ac:qdkygonf/

r*Fvmtcgawmf&Sdaomol? twkr&Sdwpfa,mufxnf;wnf;

xl;jrwfaomtcgawmf&Sdaomol[kqdkygonf/

0dyóemr½IrrSwf? trSwfwrJh arhavsmhaeaomol[lorQudk

tba'u&wåyk*¾dKvf[k ac:qdkygonf/

v,fwDr[mokweDyeDusrf;vm rSwf&efaqmifyk'f

Ak'ömoemawGUaomtcg b,f[mta&;BuD;ygoenf;/

Ak'ömoemBuHKaomtcg 0dyóem½Izdk Yom? rSefpGmraES;

ta&;BuD;ownf;/

0dyóem½Iygrl? r*FvmvQHjrL;? yk*¾dKvfxl;[k?

csD;usL;xdkufay qdkxdkufay? ba'ú&wå*kPfyifwnf;/

wpfcgaomtcgu jrpfapmifhewfom;wpfa,mufu t&Siford'd

&[ef;awmfudk þba'u&wåw&m;awmfudk odygoavm[k ar;jref;yg

onf/ t&Siford'du igrodyg/ toifaum odygovm;[k jyefvnfí

ar;ygonf/ xdktcg ewfom;u wynhfawmfvJ þba'u&wåw&m;

awmfudk rodygbk&m;[k avQmufxm;av\/

xdkYaemuf ewfom;u qufvufavQmufxm;onfrSm- t&Sif

bk&m;- ba'ú&wåw&m;awmftusOf;tus,fudkaomfvnf;aumif;?

aqmifyk'f*gxmawmfudkaomfvnf;aumif; usufrSwfxm;awmfrlyg/

þba'u&wåw&m;awmfonf t&[wåzdkvf\ a&SUajy;w&m;awmfjzpf

ygonf/ ewfjA[®mwdkY txl;tav;*½kjyKoif,lrSwfom;usihfoHk;aom

w&m;awmfvnf;jzpfygonf/

þba'u&wåw&m;aMumihf- todef;toef;tuka#ra&rwGuf

Edkifavmufaom ewfjA[®mwdkY uRwfwef;0ifukefMu&ygonf/ xdkYaMumihf

ewfjA[®mwdkYonf þba'u&wåw&m;awmfudk &GwfoHzwfoHMum;&onf

ESihf tjrefqHk;a&muf&SdvmMuNyD; w&m;em,lMuygonf/ xdkw&m;awmfudk

&Gwfzwfo&ZÑm,fMuaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYtm;vnf; aus;Zl;wkefYjyefaumif;usdK;

jyKay;ygonf[k ¤if;jrpfapmifhewfom;u t&Siford'¨d&[ef;awmftm;

avQmufxm;oGm;onf[k tqdkygokwåEÅyd#urZÑdredum,f? Oy&dyPÖmo

ygVdawmf? ba'u&wåokwfwGif azmfjyonfudk ylaZmfwifjya&;om;tyf

ygonf/

cifvSjrwfaxG; (tdef*s,frdk;)

39

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

SEARCHING FOR A PURPOSE OF LIFE

aemufausmzH k;rS

from back coveruted something towards the sum of human progress.

Christianity helped to civilise the West, and the weak-ening of its influence has marked a downward trend of the Occi-dental spirit.

Buddhism, which civilised the greater part of the EastLong before, is still a vital force, and in this age of scientificknowledge is likely to extend and to strengthen its influence.

It does not, at any point, come into conflict with modernknowledge, but embrances and transcends all of it in a way thatno other system of thought has ever done before or is ever likelyto do.

Western man seeks to conquer the universe for materialends. Buddhism and Eastern philosophy strive to attain harmonywith nature and spiritual satisfaction.

Religion teaches a person how to calm down the sensesand make the heart and mind peaceful.

The secret of calming down the senses is to eliminatedesire which is the root of our disturbances. It is very importantfor us to have contentment.

The more people crave for their property, the more theyhave to suffer. Property does not give happiness to man. Most ofthe rich people in the world today are suffering from numerousphysical and mental problems. With all the money they have,they cannot buy a solution to their problems.

Yet, the poorest men who have learnt to have content-ment may enjoy their lives far more then the richest people do. Asone rhyme goes:

"Some have too much and yet do crave.I have little and seek no more:They are but poor though much moreThey have and I am rich with little store,They poor I rich; they beg, I give;They lack, I have;They pine; I live."

Dhamma V1-raThandar Aung

ITBM University, Yangon

atmif? axmifvTm;olwdkYtm; rmefpG,fusdK;vmatmif? armufrmolwdkYtm;

onf;cHwwfvmatmif? avmb&rufBuD;olwdkYtm; oabmxm;aumif;

vmatmif? &ufpufMurf;MuKwfolwdkYtm; Muifemoem;wwfatmif? yk*¾v

"d|meftjrif&SdolwdkYtm; "r®"d|meftjrif&Sdvmatmif ajymif;vJay;Edkifonf/

bmomw&m;wkdif;yifvQif rnfodk YyifjynhfpH krIr&Sdapumrl?

tqihfjrihfaom vlom;tjzpfodkYa&mufatmif b0jrihfrm;wdk;wufa&;

twGuf udk,fpm;jyKazmfaqmifay;avonf/ tapmqHk;tcsdefumvrsm;rS

pí bmomw&m;onf vlwdkYtm; tEkynmÓOfESifh ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m

pdwf"mwfrsm; xufoefwuf<uvmaponhftaMumif;&if;Zmpfjrpfwpfck

jzpfcJhayonf/

orkdif;wpfavQmufü bmomw&m;wdkYonf toGiftrsdK;rsdK;wdkY

jzihf ay:aygufvmMuNyD;aomf? arS;rSdefaysmufuG,foGm;Muayonf/ odkYyif

jzpfapumrl bmomw&m;wpfckpDwdkYonf ¤if;wdkYay:aygufonhfumv

twGif;ü vlom;wdkY\ wdk;wufrIwGif wpfpHkwpfckaomtwkdif;twmjzihf

taxmuftyHhjyKcJhMuonfcsnf;omjzpfonf/

c&pf,mefbmomw&m;onf urÇmhtaemufjcrf;ü ,Ofaus;

atmif ulyHhay;cJhayonf/ ¤if;\MoZmt&Sdeft0gavsmhusvm&jcif;rSm

taemufwkdif;pdwf"mwfa&pD;aMumif; avsmhqif;jcif;ESihf wdkufqdkifvsuf

&Sdayonf/

Ak'bmomonf &SnfMumaomumvrsm;upí urÇmhta&SUjcrf;

wdkif;EdkifiHtrsm;udk ,Ofaus;apcJhNyD;aemuf ,aeYumvü tvGefta&;

ygaom cGeftm;wpf&yfjzpfaeayonf/ odyÜHynmwdk;wufvmaom

,aeYacwfwGif ¤if;\ MoZmt&Sdeft0gudk ydkrdkíwdk;csJUEdkif? ydkrdkíBuHhcdkifap

Edkifonhf tvm; tvm&Sdaeayonf/

,if;Ak'bmomonf odyÜHenf;usacwfopftodynm&yfrsm;ESihf

rnfonhftaMumif;tcsufwdkYwGifrQ qefYusifbufrjzpfay/ acwfopf

todynm&yftm;vHk;wdkYudk Ak'bmomu axG;ydkufum ausmfvGefoGm;Edkif

avonf/ þuJhodkY pGrf;aqmifEdkifrIudk tjcm;rnfonhftawG;tac:t,l

0g'urQ rvkyfEdkifMuay/ aemifwGifvnf; jyKvkyfEdkifMurnfr[kwfygay/

taemufwkdif;om;wdkYonf ½kyf0w¬Kwdk;wuf&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzihf

pMu0Vmudk vTrf;rdk;Edkif&ef enf;vrf;&SmBuHaeMuayonf/ Ak'bmomESihf

ta&SUwdkif;'óeynmonf obm0w&m;BuD;ESihf o[ZmwjzpfNyD;?

pdwfydkif;qdkif&m csrf;ajrUESpfodrfhrIudk&&Sd&ef BudK;yrf;azmfaqmifvsuf&SdMu

onf/

wu,fawmh bmomw&m;onf tm½HkEdk;<urIudk Nidrf0yfapNyD;

ESvHk;pdwf0rf;Nidrf;csrf;aponhfenf;vrf;udk oifMum;jyoay;onf/

tm½HkEdk;<urIudk Nidrf0yfapEdkifaom vQdKU0SufcsufrSm 0ifa&mufaESmuf,SufrI

tvHk;pHk\ vufonfjzpfonhf vdkcsifwyfrufrIwnf;[laom ]wPSm} udk

y,fowf&efjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdk Ytzdk Yt&m0,f a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfEdkifrI

&Sdjcif;onf vGefpGmta&;BuD;ayonf/

vlwdkYtzdkYt&m rdrdwdkY\ypönf;OpömwdkYtay: wG,fwmwyfrufrI

BuD;rm;avav? ydkíydkíqif;&J'ku©a&muf&avavjzpfonf/ ypönf;Opöm

[lonf vlwdkYtm; aysmf&Tifcsrf;omrIudkray;Edkifay/ ,aeYurÇmay:wGif

csrf;om<u,f0MuaomvlwdkYonf ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m? pdwfydkif;qdkif&mjyóem

trsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk awGUBuHKcHpm;aeMu&ayonf/ olwdkY&&Sdydkifqdkifxm;aom

aiGaMu;"eOpömtm;vHk;ESihf olwdkY&ifqdkifaeMu&aom jyóemtm;vHk;

twGuf ajz&Sif;Edkifrnhftcsufudk ¤if;wdkYr0,f,lEdkifMuay/

odkYaomfvnf; a&mifh&Jwif;wdrf&ef avhvmqnf;yl;xm;NyD;Mu

aom tqif;&JqHk;vlwdkYonf ¤if;wdkY\ vufawGUb0rsm;udk tcsrf;omqHk;

vlrsm;xuf ydkíaysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUpGm cHpm;EdkifMuvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ vuFm

uAsmwpfyk'fwGif qdkxm;ouJhodkY-

]]tcsdKUvlwdkYonf ajrmufjrm;pGmydkifqdkifxm;Muaomfvnf; vdkcsif

awmif;waeMuqJjzpfonf/

uREfkyfwdkYü tenf;tusOf;om&Sdygaomfvnf; aemufxyfr&SmazG

awmhyg/

olwdkYonf rsm;pGmydkíydkí &&SdaeMuygaomfvnf; qif;&JaeMu

ygonf/

uREfkyfü tenf;tusOf;om pkaqmif;xm;Edkifygaomfvnf;

uREfkyfcsrf;omaeygonf/

olwdkYu qif;&JaeMuNyD; uREfkyfu csrf;omaeonf/ olwdkYu

awmif;cHaeMuNyD; uREfkyfu ay;urf;pGefYBuJaeonf/ olwdkYür&Sdyg/ uREfkyf

ü &Sdygonf/

olwdkYvHk;yg;yg;aeMuygNyD/ uREfkyfu aeEdkifpm;Edkifvsuf&Sdygonf/

"r®0D&- oEÅmatmif

tjynfjynfqkdif&m ax&0g'Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf

&efukefNrdKU/

Ak'bmom0ifwdkY bmudk,HkMunfMuygoenf; (2)What Buddhists Believe (2)

By. Venerable Dr.K.Sri Dhammananda, JSM.,Ph.D, D.Litt.Translated into Myanmar by.Dhamma V1

-ra Thandar Aung; International Therava-da Buddhist Missionary University, Yangon.

pmrsufESm 39 odkY

"r®0D&-oEÅmatmif(tjynfjynfqkdif&max&0g'wuúodkvf)

12345678901234567890123456789012121234567890123456789012345678901212123456789012345678901234567890121212345678901234567890123456789012121234567890123456789012345678901212

Searching for a Purpose of life

à ord kif;wpfavQmufü bmomw&m;wd k Yonf toGiftrs d K;rs d K;wd k YE Si h f ay:aygufvmMuNyD;aomf arS;rS de faysmufuG,f

oGm;Muayonf/ odkYyifjzpfapumrl bmomw&m;wpfckpDwdkYonf ¤if;ay:ayguf onhfumvtwGif;ü vlom;wdk Y\ wdk;wufrIwGif

wpfpH kwpfckaom twdkif;twmjzih f taxmuftyH h jyKcJ h Muonfcsnf;omjzpfygonf/

à Although many forms of religion had come into being in the course of history, only to pass away andto be forgotten, each one in its time had contributed something towards the sum of human progress.

The Need for a ReligionTo understand the real purpose of life, it is advisable for

a person to choose and follow an ethical-moral system that re-strains a person from evil deeds, encourages him to do good, andenables him to purify his mind. For simplicity, we shall call thissystem 'religion'.

Religion is the expression of the striving man; it is hisgreatest power, leading him onwards to selfrealisation.

It has the power to transform one with negativecharacteristices into someone with positive quatities.

It turns the ignoble, noble; the selfish, un selfish; thepround, humble; the haughty, forbearing; the greedy, benevo-lent; the cruel, kind; the subjective, objective.

Every religion represents, however imperfectly, a reach-ing upwards to a higher level of being.

From the earliest times, religion has been the source ofman's artistic and cultural inspiration. Although many forms ofreligion had come into being in the course of history, only topass away and to be forgotten, each one in its time had contrib-

bmomw&m; trSefvdktyfjcif;

b0\&nfrSef;csufudk wu,fwef;tppftrSefod&Sdem;vnfEdkif

&eftwGuf? vlwpfa,muftzdkYt&m udk,fusihfodu©mqdkif&m pepfwpfckudk

a&G;cs,fum vkdufemusihfoHk;oihfygonf/ xdkudk,fusihfodu©mqdkif&mpepf

onf raumif;rI'kp½dkufw&m;rsm;udk jyKvkyfjcif;rSa&SmifMuOf&ef csKyfxdef;

ay;&rnfjzpfovdk? aumif;rIokp½dkufw&m;rsm;udk jyKrlvkyfaqmifEdkif&ef

tm;ay;&rnfjzpfNyD;? ol\pdwfudk jzLpifatmif jyKvkyfEdkif&ef pGrf;aqmif

ay;Edkif&ygrnf/ &Sif;vif;vG,fulap&eftwGuf xdkpepfudk ]bmomw&m;}

[k uREfkyfwdkY ac:qdkMuygpdkY/

bmomw&m;qdkonfrSm trSefw&m;twGuf BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf

azmfaqmifaeolwpfOD;\oabmxm;tjrifudk azmfjycsufomjzpfygonf/

xdkpepfonf ¤if;\tBuD;rm;qHk;aom pGrf;aqmif&nfvnf;jzpfonf/ rdrd

udk,frdrd jrifodem;vnfvmap&ef xdkpepfu ydkYaqmifay;onf/ tEkwf

vu©Pmp½dkuf&SdolwpfOD;tm; taygif;vu©Pmt&nftaoG;rsm;&Sdvm

atmif ajymif;vJay;onf/ wu,fawmh bmomw&m;onf ,kwfedrfholwdkY

tm; jrihfjrwfvmatmif? udk,fusdK;&Smtwåorm;wdkYtm; udk,fusdK;pGefYvm

DV25-01

Documents

Transcript of DV25-01