DUT Reference Guide 2012 .pdf

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Acknowledgements

This guide was compiled by:

Shirlene Neerputh, David Thomas, Segarani Naidoo and Sara Mitha,

with input from the DUT Academics and Subject Librarian Unit.

The electronic version of this guide is available at http://library.dut.ac.za

© Durban University of Technology Library March 2012

Disclaimer

Please be advised that there are many variations to the Harvard referencing style. This guide attempts

to capture the latest trends and is customised for DUT. As this is a generic guide, please confirm

faculty/departmental preferences.

Kindly note that many of the examples used in this guide are fictional, and were used to merely

illustrate the referencing technique.

http://library.dut.ac.za/






Table of Contents

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1

What is referencing? ............................................................................................................................... 1

Why use a referencing system? .............................................................................................................. 1

Plagiarism ................................................................................................................................................ 1

Turnitin .................................................................................................................................................... 1

EndNote .................................................................................................................................................. 1

Steps involved in ensuring academic integrity ....................................................................................... 2

Tips for referencing ................................................................................................................................. 2

Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... 3

Format for books (print and online) ....................................................................................................... 4

Single author .............................................................................................................................. 4

Multiple authors ......................................................................................................................... 4

Editor ......................................................................................................................................... 4

Author unknown ........................................................................................................................ 5

Corporate author ........................................................................................................................ 5

Books with no publication date .................................................................................................. 5

Secondary sources ...................................................................................................................... 6

Chapters in a book ..................................................................................................................... 6

Foreign title ................................................................................................................................ 6

Book reviews ............................................................................................................................. 7

Translated work ......................................................................................................................... 7

Reports ....................................................................................................................................... 8

E-books ...................................................................................................................................... 8

Chapters in an e-book ................................................................................................................ 9

Electronic encyclopaedias .......................................................................................................... 9

Format for journals and periodicals (print and online) .......................................................................... 9

Journals with volume and part/issue number ............................................................................. 9

Journals with no volume number ............................................................................................. 10

Journals: Special issues (supplementary issue) ........................................................................ 10

Journal articles from Internet sources or databases.................................................................. 11

Journals (reference to more than one publication by same author in the same year) .............. 11

Newspapers .............................................................................................................................. 12

Online newspapers ................................................................................................................... 12

Papers in conference proceedings ............................................................................................ 12

Format for unpublished works (print and online) ............................................................................... 13

Lecture notes and study guides ................................................................................................ 13

http://c/Users/Avenal/Desktop/ref%20guide%202012%20version%205.1.docx%23_Toc319478607











Lecture notes on a Learning Management Software (LMS) Platform ..................................... 13

Meeting minutes ...................................................................................................................... 13

Theses and Dissertations .......................................................................................................... 14

Theses and dissertations from an Institutional Repository ...................................................... 14

Format for electronic sources ............................................................................................................... 14 Internet sources with author/s .................................................................................................. 14

Internet sources without an author/s ........................................................................................ 15

Personal communications (telephone conversation, interviews and e-mail) ........................... 15

Blogs (weblogs) ....................................................................................................................... 15

Social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Bebo, etc.) ......................................................... 16

Computer programs ................................................................................................................. 16

Format for government publications .................................................................................................... 17

Commissions with a chairperson ............................................................................................. 17

Commissions without a chairperson ........................................................................................ 17

Councils (as issuing bodies)..................................................................................................... 17

Government departments (as issuing bodies) .......................................................................... 18

Government gazettes ................................................................................................................ 18

Government gazettes (electronic format) ................................................................................. 18

Green papers ............................................................................................................................ 18

Green papers (electronic format) ............................................................................................. 19

White papers ............................................................................................................................ 19 White papers (electronic format) ............................................................................................. 19

Laws or Acts ............................................................................................................................ 19

Laws or Acts (electronic format) ............................................................................................. 20

Law cases ................................................................................................................................. 20

Tax cases .................................................................................................................................. 20

Patents ...................................................................................................................................... 20

Standards .................................................................................................................................. 21

Format for images, artwork, video recordings ..................................................................................... 21

Images ...................................................................................................................................... 21

Online images .......................................................................................................................... 22

Art works (photographs, paintings) ......................................................................................... 22

TV programme / broadcast ...................................................................................................... 22

Film / Video recordings ........................................................................................................... 23

Online video (YouTube, Vimeo) ............................................................................................. 23

Live performances ................................................................................................................... 23

Useful websites ........................................................................................................................ 24 Example of a Reference List .................................................................................................................. 24












1

Introduction

The Durban University of Technology (DUT) aims to promote academic integrity and

honesty. Referencing ensures academic integrity and prevents plagiarism. As a student it is

important to acknowledge the work of an author and the most accepted way is to use a

referencing system.

This guide outlines the Harvard Referencing system which most faculties at the university

expect students to use. While there are variations on the “Harvard” system , this guide is

compiled to suit the needs of both DUT staff and students. The guide will assist in proper

referencing techniques when using the various reference sources. It shows you how to insert

references in the text of your work (in-text reference) and how to compile a reference list or

bibliography. This guide may be used in the absence of a departmental referencing guide.

Consult a Subject Librarian for more information on referencing.

What is referencing?

Referencing is a method of acknowledging the sources of ideas, thoughts, opinions andinformation that have been used to compile assignments, projects, theses and dissertations.

Why use a referencing system?

It is good academic practice and is important for academic writing because:

it facilitates the tracing of the original source or verification of quotations

it shows the breadth and depth of the literature you have read or consulted

plagiarism is avoided by correctly referencing the various sources of information.

PlagiarismPlagiarism is the theft of a person's ideas or writing. It occurs when work is submitted

without the acknowledgement of the original source. Plagiarism is an academic and legal

offence.

Turnitin

The University has recently introduced a software program that can assist you in identifying

where you have used original material so that you can ensure it is correctly referenced in your

submission. Turnitin is a software program used as an originality checker to detect

plagiarism. DUT subscribes to Turnitin. It is software used by educational institutions

worldwide. The web-based service enables one to manage the process of submitting andtracking papers electronically with quick feedback. More information is available at

http://www.turnitin.com.

EndNote

EndNote is a bibliographic management package available to registered DUT staff and

students. EndNote is used to store and organise references, to search online bibliographic

databases, retrieve full text articles and to create bibliographies. Detailed information on how

to download and use EndNote is available on the DUT Library website http://library.dut.ac.za

http://www.turnitin.com/






2

Steps involved in ensuring academic integrity

Tips for referencing

Ensure that what is cited within your in-text reference has a corresponding record in your

reference list and what is in your reference list has a corresponding record in your in-text

reference.

Check spelling and punctuation carefully.

Be consistent in your style of referencing especially in the use of punctuation and spacing.

Use the Internet with discretion and always state the date on which the site was accessed.

The use of ellipsis (…) indicates that words have been omitted from a quotation or that the

sentence continues.

In the reference list, the title is usually in italics. If you are handwriting your reference list you

may underline the title instead.

Use author initial/s rather than full names and if an author has more than one initial, please

indicate all initials.

There are two key aspects to referencing:

1. In-text referencing: This refers to citing references within the body or text of your work. Forthe in-text reference, you need the following information:

Author‟s surname

Year of publication

Page number (if available)

2. The reference list: This is an alphabetical list arranged by author‟s surname at the end of the

assignment, project, thesis or dissertation which contains full details of the sources cited.

• books

• journals

•websites

•lecture notes

Step 1: Consultdifferent information

sources to find theinformation you need

•generate manually

•cite while you write

•import from source(EndNote)

Step 2: Keep records of

sources consulted(bibliographic details)

•in text (reference withinthe text or body of thework)

•reference list(alphabetical listing byauthor's surname at theend of the work, of allsources cited)

Step 3: Include

references indocument



3

Definitions

Authorany person or entity responsible for a particular piece of work. This includes editors,

compilers, composers, persons interviewed or with whom there was personalcommunication.

Bibliographylist of sources, arranged in alphabetical order, that have been consulted to compile yourassignment, project, etc., but which are not necessarily cited in the written document. Note: In academic writing one usually submits a “Reference list” rather than a“Bibliography”.

Citation a written reference to a specific work or portion of a work.

Citing to mention, quote by way of an example or bring forward as support, illustration, proof

or authority.

Copyrighta legal right that gives the author of an original work exclusive rights for a certain time

period in relation to that work, including its publication, distribution and adaptation.

Corporate

authoran organisation or group of persons (associations, institutions, companies, etc.) that isidentified by a corporate or group name and acts as an entity responsible for a particular body or piece of work, e.g. Durban University of Technology (DUT).

Direct

quotationa phrase or paragraph or part of the original text which has been repeated in exactly thesame way as the original piece of work.

In-textreferencing

the insertion of brief references, in the appropriate places in the text, to sources that are being cited by the academic work.

Journal,

serials or periodicals

sources which are published periodically, i.e. weekly, monthly, yearly, etc. Examples are

newspapers, magazines and yearbooks.

Onlinedatabase

collection of information arranged in a systematic way to make the search easy and fast.The University subscribes to different databases such as EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Sabinet,etc., in order to meet research requirements.

Paraphrasing expressing someone else‟s ideas, thoughts or work in your own words.

Published

sourceany information source, whether in print or electronic format, that is made available tothe public.

Reference list an alphabetical list (by author‟s surname or corporate author) of books, articles, websites

or any other sources, that have been consulted during the writing of your assignments, projects, research papers, dissertation, thesis, etc. In the absence of author‟s surname, use

the title.

Source a person or group, a book, an article, a thesis, or any other work that providesinformation.

Summarising expressing someone else‟s ideas, thoughts or work in your own words, in a short orabbreviated form.

Unpublishedsource

any information source that has not been published.



4

Editions are only noted from the 2nd edition onwards.

Single author

In-textSurname (year of publication: page

number/s)or(Surname Year of publication: pagenumber/s)

Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Title: subtitle. Edition.Place of publication: Publisher.

According to Babbie (2004: 78)

validity refers to the extent…

Babbie, E. 2004. The practice of social research. 2n

ed. Cape

Town: Thomson Learning.

“Our state‟s capacity problems areexacerbated by the choice of a Rolls

Royce model of governance”(Ramphele 2008: 147).

Ramphele, M. M. 2008. Laying ghosts to rest: dilemmas ofthe transformation. Cape Town: Macmillan.

Editor

In-textSurname (year of publication: pagenumber/s)

or(Surname Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference listEditor‟s Surname, Initial/s. ed. Year of Publication. Title: subtitle. Edition.Place of publication: Publisher.

Mellon (2006: 53) argues thatquantitative approach is incompletewithout the qualitative paradigm.

Mellon, A. ed. 2006. The relationship between thequantitative and qualitative paradigms. New York:Macmillan.

Multiple authors

If there are two to three authors, all authors have to be cited and should be listed in the order that they appear.

If there are more than three authors, use the surname of the first author, followed by „et al .‟ which means „and

others‟. The surnames of the other authors must be captured in the Reference list.

In-textSurname and Surname (year of publication: page number/s)or(Surname Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. and Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year ofPublication. Title: subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.

A novice in the research field…(Leedy and Omrod 2005: 77).

Leedy, P. and Omrod, J. 2005. Practical research: planningand design. 8

th ed. New Jersey: Merrill Prentice Hall.

Mouton et al . (1990: 80) interpret

research as...

Mouton, J., Marais, H. Patton, M. and McRoy, R. 1990.

Basic concepts in the methodology of the social sciences.Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council.

Format for books

(print and online)



5

Author unknown

This will apply to most dictionaries and encyclopaedias.

Where the author is unknown or authorship cannot be established, the title of the work is used, followed by the

date of publication. The title can be used in the reference list or Anonymous can be used for an unknown author.

Every effort should be made to establish the authorship if you intend to use this work in an academic submission.

In-textTitle (year of publication: page number/s)or

(Title Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference listTitle: subtitle. Year of Publication. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.

According to The concise SouthAfrican dictionary (2007: 54)...

The concise South African dictionary. 2007. 3rd

ed. CapeTown: Macmillan.

Computer engineering is a growingdiscipline in Africa (Encyclopaediaof software engineering 2002: 100).

Encyclopaedia of software engineering. 2002. Johannesburg:Wiley and Sons.

Corporate author

In-text Name of corporate author (year of publication: page number/s)or

(Name of corporate author Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Name of corporate author. Department. Year of Publication. Title: subtitle.Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.

According to South African Instituteof Chartered Accountants (2011:12)…

South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA).2011. Johannesburg Stock Exchange equity markets play safe.Johannesburg: Pearson Education.

South African Maritime SafetyAuthority (2012: 2) investigateshistoric change in the way…

South African Maritime Safety Authority. Department of SeaWatch and Response. 2012. Maritime safety adopts historic ship construction regulations. Cape Town: McGraw Hill.

Books with no publication date

In-text

Surname (n.d.: page number/s)or(Surname n.d.: page number/s)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. n.d. Title: subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.

Human resources have reached new

heights (Grobler n.d.: 34).

Grobler, P. A. n.d. Human resources management in South

Africa: a new perspective. 4th ed. Johannesburg: McGraw-

Hill.



6

Secondary sources

Secondary referencing is found in a book or journal article whose author uses facts or information cited in researchdone by someone else. This is regarded as a secondary source as the researcher does not have the original source.

Every attempt should be made to cite from the original source.

In-textSurname (year of publication cited in

Surname year of publication: page number/s)or

(Surname Year of publication cited inSurname year of publication: page number/s)

Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title: subtitle. Place of

publication: Publisher.

Sentoo and Mhlongo (1989 cited in

Smith 2009: 15) argue that…

Smith, J. P. 2009. Library and information profession in

South Africa: a student perspective. Durban: Juta.

Chapters in a book


or

(Surname Year of publication: pagenumber/s)

Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Chapter title: subtitle. In:

Surname, Initial/s. ed. Title of book: subtitle. Edition. Place of publication:

Publisher, page numbers.

Mixed methods research is the latestresearch trend (Cooke and Philip2001: 8).

Cooke, D. J. and Philip, L. 2001. To treat or not to treat? an

empirical perspective. In: Hollin, C. R. ed. Handbook of

offender assessment and treatment . Chichester: Wiley, 3-15.

Foreign title

If your assignment, theses, dissertation or project is in the English language but you are referring to sources whichare written in other languages, give the source title exactly as it appears in the original language or give an English

translation of it in square brackets with a language descriptor at the end.


(Surname Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Original title [Translatedtitle]. Place of publication: Publisher.

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Original title. Place of

publication: Publisher.

Candegabe (1997: 25) revealedthat...

Candegabe, E. F. 1997. Materia medica comparada[Comparative medical material]. Buckinghamshire:

Beaconsfield Publishers.orCandegabe, E. F. 1997. Materia medica comparada.Buckinghamshire: Beaconsfield Publishers.



7

Book reviews


or


Reference listReviewer‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication of review. Title of book being reviewed by Author(s) of book, reviewed in Title of Journal/Newspaper

containing the review, volume(issue), page.

Reviewer‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication of review. Title of review

(Review of the book Title of book ). Title of Journal/Newspaper containing the

review ( format ). Available: web address. Accessed date.

Time is a contributing factor… (Raju 2005).

Raju, R. 2005. The Project Management Toolkit by Kendrick, T.,reviewed in Engineering , 57(5), 25.

Parfit (1997) commented that… Parfit, M. 1997. Breathless (Review of the book The climb:

tragic ambitions on Everest). New York Times on the Web(online). Available:http://search.nytimes.com/books/reviews/971207.07parfitt.html(Accessed 7 October 1999).

Translated work

For works which have been translated the reference should include details of the translator and for major historical

works the date of the original work may be included.

In-textSurname (year of publication: pagenumber/s)or


number/s)

Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title: subtitle. Translatedfrom original Language by Surname, Initial/s of Translator. Place of publication: Publisher

A recent study indicated that...(Richter and Hebgen 2009: 23).

Richter, P. and Hebgen, E. 2009. Trigger points and musclechains in osteopath. Translated from German by Wilms, S.Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag.

http://search.nytimes.com/books/reviews/971207.07parfitt.html

http://search.nytimes.com/books/reviews/971207.07parfitt.html



8

Reports


or(Surname Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference listOrganisational reports:Author‟s Surname, Initial/s / Organisation. Year. Title of report . Place:

Publisher.

E-reports:Author‟s Surname, Initial/s / Organisation. Year. Title of report (format). Place:Publisher. Available: website address (Accessed date).

The report (Department of Health2001) suggests…

…is key to a healthy workenvironment (Coulter and Collins2011).

Department of Health. 2001. National service framework forolder people. London: Department of Health.

Coulter, A. and Collins, A. 2011. Making shared decision-making a reality: no decision about me, without me. London: TheKing's Fund.

The report (Department of Health

2001) suggests…

…is key to a healthy workenvironment (Coulter and Collins2011).

Department of Health. 2001. National service framework for

older people (online). London: Department of Health. Available:http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/documents/digitalasset/dh_4071283.pdf (Accessed 2 May 2011).

Coulter, A. and Collins, A. 2011. Making shared decision-making a reality: no decision about me, without me (online).London: The King's Fund. Available:http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/nhs_decisionmaking.html(Accessed 12 September 2011).

E-books


number/s)or


number/s)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title (format). Place of

publication: Publisher. Available: website address (Accessed date).

Appannaiah and Ramanath (2009)discuss the importance of industrial

management...

Appannaiah, H. R. and Ramanath, H. R. 2009. Perspectivemanagement (online). Mumbai, India: Global Media.

Available: http://www.ebrary.com (Accessed 20 January2012).

http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/nhs_decisionmaking.html

http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/nhs_decisionmaking.html



9

Chapters in an e-book


number/s)

or


Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Chapter title: subtitle. In:

Surname, Initial/s. Title of book: subtitle (format). Edition. Place of

publication: Publisher. Available: website address (Accessed date).

According to Johnson (2002: 2)… Johnson, D. 2002. A man‟s perspective. In: Peter, C. Womenare from Jupiter (online). Durban, South Africa: GlobalMedia. Available: http://www.ebrary.com (Accessed 20January 2010).

Electronic encyclopaedias

Wikipedia is not considered an academic source

In-textTitle (year of publication: page number/s)

(Title Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference listTitle of encyclopaedia. Subject (format). Year of publication. Available:

website address (Accessed date).

Plastic surgery is a speciality…(Mosby‟s encyclopaedia of anatomy,2009: 67).

Mosby’s encyclopaedia of anatomy. Plastic surgery (online).2009. Available: http://mosby.org/Plastic_surgery.htm(Accessed 11 December 2009).

To distinguish between the article title and the journal title – the journal title is eitherunderlined or put in italics.

Some journals indicate seasons of the year (Autumn / Fall, Winter, Spring, Summer),

or parts of the year (First quarter, Second quarter, Third quarter, Fourth quarter) or

just the names of the month in which they are published (January, February, March,

etc.) to identify the different parts.

Journals with volume and part/issue number

In-text Surname (year of publication: page number/s)or

(Surname Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Article title:subtitle. Journal title, volume number(part/issue number): page

number/s.

Simelane (2009: 87) stated that natural

resources have been conserved …

Simelane, T. 2009. African traditional knowledge

systems and biodiversity management. Africa insight ,

39(3): 84-93.“The conservation of natural resources haslong been practiced by Africancommunities” (Simelane 2009: 87).

Format for journals and periodicals

(print and online)

http://mosby.org/Plastic_surgery

http://mosby.org/Plastic_surgery



10

Journals with no volume number

Use the date or any other descriptor e.g. Summer.

Where there is no volume or issue number, a comma (not a colon) is placed after the title of the journal. This

shows that the page numbers follow.


number/s)


number/s)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Article title: subtitle.

Journal title, Part name/descriptor: page numbers.

Walton (2011: 12) recommends thatyou prepare an argument…

Walton, S. B. 2011. A good response to a bad idea:disagreeing with management confidently and effectively.

Public relations strategist , Fall: 12-14.

“Responding effectively to a badidea requires making your response business-relevant and constructing asupported case” (Walton 2011: 12).

Journals: Special issues (supplementary issue)

In-text Surname (year of publication: pagenumber/s)


Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of Publication. Article title: subtitle. Journal title, volume number(Supplement): page number/s.

According to Mapesela and Hay

(2006: 720) staff is discouragedabout…

Mapesela, M. and Hay, D. H. 2006. The effect of change and

transformation on academic staff and job satisfaction: a caseof a South African university of higher education. The

international journal of higher education and educational planning , 37(Suppl.): 711-747.



11

Journal articles from Internet sources or databases


number/s)or(Surname Year of publication: pagenumber/s)

Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initials. Year of publication. Title of article. Journal title

(format), volume number(issue number): pages. Available: website address(Accessed date).

Mapesela and Hay (2006: 712)state that...

Mapesela, M. and Hay, D. H. 2006. The effect of change andtransformation on academic staff and job satisfaction: a case ofa South African university. Higher education: the international journal of higher education and educational planning (online),52(4): 711-747. Available: http://search.epnet.com (Accessed 10December 2009).

According to Ibiyemi, Adenuga

and Odusami (2009: 26)...

Ibiyemi, A. O., Adenuga, A. O., and Odusami, K. T. 2009.

Comparative analysis of traditional procurement methods inLagos, Nigeria. Journal of construction (online), 2(2): 26.Available: http://www.asocsa.org/JOC2009Vol2No2content.pdf

(Accessed 10 December 2009).

Journals (reference to more than one publication by same author in the same

year)

If referencing sources which are written by the same author and published in the same year, use letters a, b, c, etc.

after the publication year (without a space) to distinguish between them. Each source would require a separateentry in the reference list.

In-textSurname (year of publication{indication ofsequence}): page number/s)or(Surname Year of publication{indication

of sequence}: page number/s)

Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication{indication of sequence}. Titleof article. Journal title (format), volume number(issue number): pages.Available: website address (Accessed date).

Reynolds (2010a: 165) suggestedthat…

Reynolds (2010b: 1056) explainedthat…

Reynolds, A. J. 2010a. Predicting adult criminal behaviour from juvenile delinquency. Advances in life course research (online),

15: 161-170. Available: http://www.elsevier.com/locate

(Accessed 19 January 2012).

Reynolds, A. J. 2010b. Preschool education, educationalattainment and crime prevention. Children and youth servicesreview (online), 32: 1054-1063. Available:http://www.elsevier.com/locate/childyouth(Accessed 19January 2012).

http://www.elsevier.com/locate


http://www.elsevier.com/locate/childyouth

http://www.elsevier.com/locate/childyouth




12

Newspapers


or


Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initials. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of Newspaper , Date of newspaper issue: page numbers.

Begley (2012: 11) reports that full-genome sequencing could helpdecide … Begley, S. 2012. Genomes: the future has arrived: a new DNA

reader is set to bring genetics into everyday medicine – buthow many advantages will this in fact bring? The Witness, 23

January: 11.“Full-genome sequencing could provide real benefits in determiningwhich patients will benefit from adrug.” (Begley 2012: 11)

Online newspapers



Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of Newspaper (format), Month and day: page number/s. Available: website

address (Accessed date).

According to Gontsana (2009: 3)... Gontsana, M. 2009. Residents clean up after fire. Cape Times (online), December 11: 3. Available:http://www.capetimes.co.za (Accessed 11 December 2009).

Papers in conference proceedings


number/s)

or


Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title of conference

paper/contribution. In: Editor Surname, Initial/s., ed. Title of Conference

Proceedings. Place of conference, date of conference. Place of publication(if known): Publisher, page numbers.

Huxham (2009: 26) argue thatthrough-put rates…

Huxham, M. 2009. Learning in lectures: do interactivewindows help? In: Shakya, G. ed. JISC Conference on Learning Online. England , 6-9 August 2009. Liverpool:

Open University, 25-28.

http://www.capetimes.co.za/

http://www.capetimes.co.za/



13

Lecture notes and study guides

The title of an unpublished work is not written in italics



number/s)

Reference listLecturer‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year. Title. Name of issuing body, datereceived.

Mkhize (2011: 17) argues that … Mkhize, M. 2012. Community health nursing practice 3,lecture notes distributed in the department of nursing, DurbanUniversity of Technology, 20 January 2012.

Lecture notes on a Learning Management Software (LMS) Platform

[Blackboard, Moodle]


number/s)or


number/s)

Reference listLecturer‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year. Lecture title, from LMS course code

{capitalised} Title of course. Teaching organisation, location and date of presentation. Available: LMS name. (Accessed date).

Naidoo (2010) recommends… Naidoo, S. 2010. Using the discovery service, from IL102Information literacy 102. Durban University of Technology,Durban on 6 June. Available: Blackboard (Accessed 29 July2010).

Meeting minutes

In-textCommittee name (year of publication: page number/s)or(Committee name Year of publication:

page number/s)

Reference list Name of Committee. Year. Title. Organisation, Location

The members (InformationServices Committee 2006) putforward a motion to …

Information Services Committee. 2006. Minutes of the meetingheld on 8th November 2006. Durban University of Technology,Durban, South Africa.

Format for unpublished works

(print and online)



14

Theses and Dissertations

The title of an unpublished work is not written in italics

In-textSurname (year of publication: pagenumber/s)or(Surname Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference listAuthor‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year. Title. Degree, Name of institution.

According to Perumal (2010: 18)higher education…

Perumal, R. 2010. The development of universities oftechnology in the higher education landscape in South Africa.D.Tech, Durban University of Technology.

Theses and dissertations from an Institutional Repository


number/s)or


Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year. Title (format). Degree, Name ofinstitution. Available: website address (Accessed date).

Shacksnovis (2005: 11) argues… Shacksnovis, R. 2005. The relative effectiveness ofmyofascial manipulation versus ischaemic compression in thetreatment of myofascial trigger points of the upper trapeziusmuscle (online). M.Tech, Durban University of Technology.

Available: http://ir.dut.ac.za/handle/10321/167 (Accessed 20

January 2012).

Internet sources with author/s

In-textSurname (year of publication: pagenumber/s)or


number/s)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title (format). Available:

website address (Accessed date).

Smith (2009: 712) states... Smith, P. 2009. Transformation critical to higher education

and training (online). Available:http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/higher-education-under-construction-2009-07-17 (Accessed 10 December

2009).

Format for electronic sources

http://ir.dut.ac.za/handle/10321/167

http://ir.dut.ac.za/handle/10321/167



15

Internet sources without an author/s

Items that have no author or date should be evaluated to determine their authenticity or suitability for academic purposes.

In-textTitle (year of publication: page number/s)

(Title year of publication: page number/s)

Reference listTitle (format). Year the website was updated. Available: website address(Accessed date).

Leadership issues were discussed(Providing leadership for libraries2009).

Providing leadership for libraries (online). 2009. Available:http://www.diglib.org/ (Accessed 10 December 2009).

Personal communications (telephone conversation, interviews and e-mail)

Personal communications are noted in the in-text reference but are not included in the reference list.

It is important to get permission from the person referred to in the in-text reference, to use this information.

In-text…communication method on date, Name of person

Reference list

In an e-mail communication on 10 June 1995, the Director ofSiemens, Wren indicated that…

No entries in the Reference list

In a telephone conversation on 17 July 2011, the Kwazulu- Natal Director of Nursing, Dr Petty highlighted…

Evidence given by the Director of Nursing, Dr. Petty (1999, pers. comm. 17 July)

when interviewed on 12 December 2009, Gouden (DUTstudent) stated that…

Blogs (weblogs)

In-text

Surname (year of publication: pagenumber/s)or(Surname Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s / alias). Year of post. Title of the posting. Titleof the site (format). Available: blog address. (Accessed date)

According to Frank (2009)… Frank, R. 2009. The future of environment. About our country(online). Available: http://www.ourcountry.blogger.com(Accessed 22 May 2009).

http://www.ourcountry.blogger.com/

http://www.ourcountry.blogger.com/



16

Social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Bebo, etc.)

In-textSurname (year of publication)or

(Surname Year)

Reference list

Author‟s Surname, Initial/s / alias). Year of post. Title of page. (Title of

website) Day month of posted message. Available: web address

(Accessed date).

According to Jones (2009)… Jones, S. 2009. Referencing group. (Facebook) 5 May.Available:http://www.facebook.com/#!/profile.php?id=10004524134(Accessed 5 May 2009).

Communication is key… (Dr Phil2009).

Dr Phil. 2009. Rules of engagement . (Facebook) 20 February.Available:http://www.facebook.com/#!/profile.php?id=1087656(Accessed 20 February 2009).

Computer programs


number/s)or


Reference list

Creator‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title of program (format).

Available: website address (Accessed date).

This software will revolutionise…

(Thomson Reuters 2010).

Thomson Reuters. 2010. EndNote x4: advance your research

and publish instantly (computer software and manual).Available: http://www.endnote.com/ (Accessed 21 July2010).

The results (Schwarzer 1989)revealed…

Schwarzer, R. 1989. Statistics software for meta-analysis(computer software and manual). Available:http://www.yorku.ca/faculty/academic/schwarze/meta_e.htm (Accessed 13 May 2010).

http://www.facebook.com/#!/profile.php?id=10004524134

http://www.endnote.com/

http://www.yorku.ca/faculty/academic/schwarze/meta_e.htm



http://www.endnote.com/

http://www.facebook.com/#!/profile.php?id=10004524134



17

Commissions with a chairperson

In the title of a Commission of Inquiry, the significant words of the title should begin with capital letters.


number/s)


Reference listChairperson‟s Surname, Initial/s., Chairperson. Year of publication. Title of

Inquiry. Place of publication: Publisher.

In the Commission of Inquiry intoRacism (Grey 2009: 78), it was

stated…

Grey, D. S., Chairperson. 2009. Commission of Inquiry into Racism. Pretoria: Government Printer.

Commissions without a chairperson

In-textCommission‟s name (year of publication: page number/s)

or(Commission‟s name Year of publication:

page number/s)

Reference listPlace of inquiry. Title of Inquiry. Year of publication. Place of publication:Publisher.

It was reported in the Commission ofInquiry into the Public Health Sector(2007: 45) that most…

South Africa. Commission of Inquiry into the Public HealthSector . 2007. Final Report. Pretoria: Government Printer.

Councils (as issuing bodies)

In-textCouncil name (year of publication: page

number/s)or(Council name Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference list Name of Council . Year of publication. Title. Place of publication: Publisher.

The South African Geographical Names Council (2008: 55) hasresearched the meaning…

The South African Geographical Names Council . 2008. AnnualReport. Pretoria: Department of Arts, Culture, Science andTechnology.

Format for government publications(print and online)



18

Government gazettes

In-textCountry (year of publication: page number/s)or(Country Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Name of Country. Year of publication. Title. Government Gazettenumber: Day Month.

It was stated in the policy (South Africa2009: 54-56) that…

South Africa. 2009. Environmental policy for South Africa (Notice 2093 of 2009). Government Gazette number

19862: 18 April.

Government gazettes (electronic format)

In-textCountry (year of publication: page number/s)

or(Country Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Name of Country. Year of publication. Title. Government Gazette

number: Day Month (format). Available: website address (Accesseddate).

It was stated in the policy (Republic ofSouth Africa 2009: 54-56) that…

Republic of South Africa. 2009. Environmental policy forSouth Africa (Notice 2093 of 2009). Government Gazettenumber 19862: 18 April (online). Available:http://jutalaw.co.za (Accessed 01 January 2010).

Green papers

In-textCountry (year of publication: page number/s)or(Country Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list

Name of Country. Date. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher.

It was stated (South Africa 2009: 23)

that…

South Africa. 2009. Green paper on national strategic

planning . Pretoria: Government Printer.

Government departments (as issuing bodies)

In-textDepartment name (year of publication: page

number/s)or

(Department name Year of publication: page

number/s)

Reference list Name of Country. Name of Department. Year of Publication. Title.

Place of Publication: Publisher.

According to the latest figures(Department of Health 2008: 11)…

South Africa. Department of Health. 2008. Nursing strategy for South Africa. Pretoria: Government Printer.

http://jutalaw.co.za/




19

Green papers (electronic format)

In-textCountry (year of publication: page number/s)or

(Country Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Name of Country. Year of Publication. Title (format). Available:website address (Accessed date).

South Africa (2009: 23)… South Africa. 2009. Green paper on national strategic

planning (online). Available: http://jutalaw.co.za(Accessed 01 January 2010).

White papers


or


Reference list Name of Country. Department. Year of publication. Title. Government

Gazette number: Day Month.

As reported in the White Paper (SouthAfrica 2009: 54) the results show…

South Africa. Department of Education. 2009. White paperon e-education. Government Gazette number 17564: 17May.

White papers (electronic format)



Reference list Name of Country. Department. Year of publication. Title. Government

Gazette number: Day Month (format). Available: website address(Accessed date).

As reported in the White Paper (SouthAfrica 2009: 98) the results show…

South Africa. Department of Education. 2009. White paperon e-education. Government Gazette number 17564: 17May (online). Available: http://jutalaw.co.za (Accessed 01January 2010).

Laws or Acts In-textCountry (year of publication: page number/s)

or(Country Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference list Name of Country. Year. Title of Act. Place of publication: Publisher.

The declaration of human rights by

South Africa (2010) state that…

South Africa. 2010. Human Rights Act 43 of 2010.

Pretoria: Government Printer.







20

Laws or Acts (electronic format)



Reference list Name of Country. Year. Title of Act (format). Available: websiteaddress (Accessed date).

South Africa Parliament (2010)... South Africa. 2010. Human Rights Act 4 of 2010 ( online).

Available: http://sahrc.org.za (Accessed 6 November2010).

Law cases

In-text

Name v. Name (date)

Reference list Name of the parties involved in the law case. Year of reporting. The law

reporting series abbreviated part number/case number, page reference if

available.

In the recent case of Royal v. White

(2011), the defense noted...

Royal v. White. 2011. SALR 842/11240, 190.

Tax cases

In-text Name v. Name (date)

Reference list Name vs. Name. Year of publication. (Volume), Source page begins.(Court).

Avex Air (Pty) Ltd. v. Borough ofVryheid (1973) revealed that…

Avex Air (Pty) Ltd. v. Borough of Vryheid. 1973. (70),SATC 223. (SCA).

Patents

In-textSurname (year of publication: page number/s)or


Reference list

Name of author/inventor. Year of publication. Title of patent. Country

of patent, patent number. Smith (2009: 20) discovered that… Smith, D. T. 2009. Heat regulator . SA patent, 333371.

http://sahrc.org.za/

http://sahrc.org.za/



21

Standards

In-textCorporate author (year of publication: pagenumber/s)

or

(Corporate author Year of publication: pagenumber/s)

Reference listCorporate author. Year of publication. Title, number. Place of publication: Publisher.

Corporate author. Year of publication. Title, number (format).Available: website address (Accessed date).

According to the South African Bureauof Standards (2010: 11)…

South African Bureau of Standards. 2010. Code of practice[for] the installation, inspection and maintenance of

equipment used in explosive atmospheres. Part 1, Installations including surface installations on mines,SABS 86-1:2001. Pretoria: South African Bureau ofStandards.

South African Bureau of Standards. 2010. Code of practice for the installation, inspection and maintenance ofequipment used in explosive atmosphere. Part 1,

Installation including surface installations of mines, SABS86-1:2001 (online).Available: ftp://libresources/SANS%20-%20SABS/Catalogue%20SANS%20-%20SABS%20-%20%20Nov%202007/CatalogueNov2007.pdf (accessed22 November 2009).

Images

In-textSurname (year of publication: page number/s)or


Reference listOriginator ‟s Surname, Initial/s. Date. Title (format). Place ofPublication: Publisher.

Title (format). Year of publication. Place of publication: Publisher.

The picture (Pillay 2009) illustratesthat… Image with author:Pillay, S. 2009. Table mountain at night (image). Durban:ABC Publishing.

Dragons Peak (2009: 3) illustrates… Image without author: Dragons Peak (image). 2009. Durban: ABC Publishing.

Format for images, artwork, video recordings

(print and online)

ftp://libresources/SANS%20-%20SABS/Catalogue%20SANS%20-%20SABS%20-%20%20Nov%202007/CatalogueNov2007.pdf










22

Online images

In-textSurname (year of publication: page number/s)

(Surname year of publication: page number/s)

Title (year of publication)

Reference listOriginator ‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title (format).Available: website address (Accessed date).

Title of Image (format). Year of publication. Available: website address(Accessed date).

The ship was clearly too close to theshore as is depicted in the photo(Thomas 2012).

Image with author:Thomas, D. 2012. The sinking Costa Concordia (image).Available:http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=costa+concordia&f=hp(Accessed 20 January 2012).

When looking at the image Mary ofModena, fleeing with her son JamesFrancis Edward Stewart (1688), it isobvious that…

Image without author: Mary of Modena, fleeing with her son James Francis Edward Stewart (image).1688. Available:http://www.scran.ac.uk (Accessed 02 February 2006).

Art works (photographs, paintings)

In-textSurname (year of publication: page number/s)or(Surname Year of publication: page number/s)

Reference listOriginator ‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title (format), size,location.or

Originator ‟s Surname, Initial/s. Year of publication. Title of the work

(format). In: Author/Editor of book. Year. Title. Place of publication:

Publisher.

Horan (2002) demonstrates… Horan, D. 2002. Kipper in the cat’s mouth (painting),20x30 cm, National Gallery, London.

Masolino painting (1427) illustrates… Masolino, T. 1427. The Temptation of Adam and Eve (painting). In: Brucwmitford, M. 1996. The illustrated

book of signs and symbols. London: Dorling Kindersley.

TV programme / broadcast

If you are accessing the programme online, e.g. via SABC iplayer, then you would amend the reference asindicated in the second example

In-textProgramme title (year of publication)or

(Programme title year of publication)

Reference listTitle of programme (format). Date of production. Channel, date oftransmission, time of broadcast.

Sir Alan Sugar (The Apprentice 2008)exemplifies…

The Apprentice (broadcast). 2008. SABC 1, 14 June,1500hrs.

The Apprentice (broadcast). 2008. SABC 1, 14 June.Available: http://www.sabc.co.za/iplayer (Accessed 14June 2008).



23

Film / Video recordings

In-textFilm title (year of publication)or

(Film title year of publication)

Reference listTitle of Film (format). Year. Directed by Director ‟s name, place of production: Production company.

The animation of the Ents (Lord of the

rings: the two towers 2003) is a good

example of …

Lord of the Rings: the two towers (film). 2003. Directed by Peter

Jackson. New York: Newline Productions Inc.

Online video (YouTube, Vimeo)

In-textSurname (year of publication)

or

(Surname Year of publication)

Reference listScreen name of contributor. Year of publication. Video Title, Series

Title (if relevant) (format). Available: website address (Accessed date).

Mrgeorged (2009) discusses… Mrgeorged. 2009. Top Gear, The stig revealed (videoonline). Available:http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=eTapK5dRaw4(Accessed 23 June 2009).

Live performances

In-text

Surname (year of performance)or

(Surname Year of performance)

Reference list

Dance:Composer/Choreographer. Year of premiere. Title. Company

{optional}. (Location. Date seen).

Play:Title by Author. Year of performance. Directed by Company {optional}.

(Location. Date seen).

Ashton (1994) captured…

Priestly (2009) illustrated…

Ashton, F. 1994. Cinderella. (Royal Opera House,London. 13 January 2004).

An inspector calls by Priestley, J. B. 2009. Directed by

Daldry, S. Arts Theatre. (Cambridge. 11 May).

http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=eTapK5dRaw4

http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=eTapK5dRaw4



Useful websites

This booklet is not a comprehensive guide. For additional information please consult the following

useful sites on Harvard referencing:

http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/onlib/pdf/harvard.pdf

http://www.swinburne.edu.au/lib/researchhelp/harvard_system.htm

http://www.turnitin.com

http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/infolit/bibl.htm

http://utas.libguides.com/referencing

http://web.up.ac.za/sitefiles/file/40/753/referencing_2009.pdf

Example of a Reference List

Callison, D. and Preddy, L. 2006. The blue book on information age, inquiry, instruction and literacy.

Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited.

Cronje, M., Murdoch, N. and Smit, R. (eds). 2003. Reference techniques: Harvard method and APA

style (online). Available: http://www.uj.ac.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=iMfpK7IpJSM%3D&tabid


Denscombe, M. 2003. The good research guide for small-scale social research projects. 2nd ed.

Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Queen Margaret University. 2001. How to reference using the Harvard system of referencing (online).

Available: http://healthsciences.qmuc.ac.uk/RESOURCES/Documents/Harvard_referencing.htm


University of South Australia. 2007. Referencing using the Harvard author-date system: developed

using the Commonwealth of Australia style manual for authors, editors and printers of 2002 (online).

Available: http://www.unisa.edu.au/ltu/students/study/referencing/harvard.pdf (Accessed 05 February

2010).







http://www.uj.ac.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=iMfpK7IpJSM%3D&tabid

http://healthsciences.qmuc.ac.uk/RESOURCES/Documents/Harvard_referencing.htm

http://www.unisa.edu.au/ltu/students/study/referencing/harvard.pdf

http://www.unisa.edu.au/ltu/students/study/referencing/harvard.pdf

http://healthsciences.qmuc.ac.uk/RESOURCES/Documents/Harvard_referencing.htm

http://www.uj.ac.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=iMfpK7IpJSM%3D&tabid







DUT Reference Guide 2012 .pdf

Documents

Transcript of DUT Reference Guide 2012 .pdf