Duke Program on Global Policy & Governance

“Environment, Energy, and the Economy” Track

Course Outline and Syllabus

Monday, June 25 to Friday, June 29, 2018

A. PROGRAM ON GLOBAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE Offered by Duke University’s Sanford School of Public Policy, the Geneva Summer Program on Global Policy and Governance is designed to expose future international policy leaders to the field of global governance and policy from an academic and experiential perspective. In addition to the Geneva policy internships, a major element of the Program is this course on Environment, Energy, and the Economy (“EEE”) as described in this outline and syllabus.

B. COURSE DESCRIPTION

This intensive course is designed to provide participants with insight into the rapidly changing world of international governance at the intersection of environmental, energy, and economic policy. It explores issues, actors, and institutions affecting these entwined policy areas at the international level. The course builds on Geneva's role as host to multilateral environmental agreements, the World Trade Organization, branches of the UN Environment Program, as well as a range of other inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working on environmental and economic issues. It encourages participants to think about the kind of future they want to help achieve, and the role of environmental, energy, and economic governance in getting there.

Drawing on leading international experts, diplomats, and representatives of key international organizations, it provides participants with a unique chance to think about international perspectives on the challenges of securing environmental protection and fostering economic prosperity. Instructor Dr. Tana Johnson (tana.johnson@duke.edu) is a member of the faculty of the Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University. She holds a Ph.D. in public policy from the University of Chicago. Her research has examined the origins and design of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; the environmental advocacy of the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program; relations between environmental and economic organizations; and ongoing efforts to reform or establish international institutions dealing with environmental or energy policy. In 2010-2011 she was a fellow at Princeton University’s Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance, and in 2012-2013 she was an energy policy fellow with the Global Governance Futures Program in China, Germany, and the United States.

In addition to the main instructor, leading practitioners from governmental, inter-governmental, and non-governmental organizations will give presentations and lead discussions throughout the week.

2

Overview of Course Focus and Structure

During this weeklong course, students will participate in talks by experts and will visit leading institutions for presentations on their missions and mandates, current affairs, and real politik. The course will be hosted in at the International Environment House, home to several of the world’s most important environmental organizations (www.environmenthouse.ch). Students also will participate in site visits to other organizations in the Geneva area. Throughout the five days, students will have a chance to view the overlap of environmental/energy/economic issues, to learn about the theory and practice of international governance, to network with leading professionals, and to explore career opportunities in Geneva and beyond.

C. COURSE EXPECTATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS

The goal is to make this course as relevant as possible to your academic interests and career ambitions. This course will be a useful introduction to the occasionally messy reality of policymaking in Geneva. You will get to discuss some of the most important and difficult environmental, energy-related, and economic problems with professionals working on the front lines of those issues in a number of different governmental, inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations. This will both deepen your understanding of the issues and open your eyes to possible career tracks in these fields.

You can expect the instructor and other organizers from Duke University to set up an engaging, interesting week for you; to be open to your input and feedback before, during and after the course; to keep to schedule; to give you a challenging but manageable workload; and to help you, to the extent we can, with career advice and contacts in the field.

For our part, we expect you to turn up promptly; to have read and thought critically about the readings on the syllabus; to be engaged and ask thoughtful questions; to share your knowledge and experiences; to let us know how the week is going and alert us to any issues or concerns; and to be adaptable when any new developments affect our many guest speakers.

Requirements Attendance at All Course Activities All students participating in Duke University’s Geneva Global Policy and Governance program are required to attend and actively participate in all of their track’s course activities during the course week. The course week is an integral part of the fellowship program, and provides both professional and academic value to students.

3

Interaction with Invited Speakers

Prior to the start of the course, the instructor will circulate a list of the invited speakers, their profiles (if available), and their contact details. Each student will then sign up to interact with invited speakers of their choosing, in the following ways:

1) Each student will choose at least two speakers for whom the student will kick off the Q&A portion of the presentation timeslot. To prepare, pay particular attention to your chosen speakers’ profiles and the day’s readings.

2) Each student will choose at least two other speakers to contact with a thank-you email after the speakers’ presentations. Point out something specific that you learned from his or her presentation.

These are thoughtful and natural ways to become better acquainted with several people who share your policy, research, and career interests. In addition, consistent and useful engagement with Q&A sessions is an important part of the final course grade.

Individual Position Paper

During the week each student will write a short position paper (word limit: 1,200 words) that takes a clear yes-or-no individual stance on the following prompt:

To achieve Sustainable Development Goal #7, the world’s focus needs to be on a sub-Saharan Africa.

The prompt is inspired by the upcoming High-Level Political Forum (HLPF), which will be held July 9-18, 2018, at the United Nations’ headquarters in New York. The HLPF will discuss several of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including Goal #7: “ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.”

Address your paper to the High-Level Political Forum (HLPF). Open the position paper with a one-paragraph Executive Summary, then use the rest of the space to take a clear, thorough, and justified stance on the prompt about SDG #7 and sub-Saharan Africa. In supporting your chosen stance, also explain why you find the opposite stance unsatisfactory. Use single spacing, 12-point font, and 1-inch margins. Detail all references in a Bibliography that does not count against the paper's 1,200-word limit. Share your position paper with the instructor and all of your fellow classmates by 11:00 pm on Thursday, June 28, and read your fellow students’ papers prior to the in-class activity on Friday, June 29.

4

In-Class Debate

Your short position paper, together with our readings and speakers during the course week, builds toward the in-class debate that will be held on Friday of the course week. The prompt for the debate is the same as the one for your individual position papers:

To achieve Sustainable Development Goal #7, does the world’s focus need to be on a sub-Saharan Africa?

The goal of in-class debate is to provide the students with an opportunity to: 1) apply their policy analysis skills to current events and a developing real-world issue, 2) work as a team, 3) anticipate, encounter, and respond to opposing viewpoints, 4) prepare a “talking points” version of a policy memo sketch, 5) practice public speaking and fielding questions, and 6) practice on-the-spot critical thinking and judging. The assigned teams are:

Team In Favor: Aashna Aggarwal, Samantha Becker, Ryan Brown, Andrew Brown, Cenxing Ding Team In Opposition: Matthew Flaherty, Jiaxin Guo, Galen Hiltbrand, Shivangi Jain, Rachel Kriegsman Team Judging: Michael Lawrence, Mya New, Alma Quintero, Rachel Wall, Fan Wu

Come to class on Friday having completed that day’s readings, including the position papers of your classmates. You will have time in class on Friday morning to prepare in your teams. You may also work together over the lunch break. The debate will be held in class on Friday afternoon, 1:15-2:15 pm. Here's the time allotment for the 60-minute debate:

10 minutes – each team confers to finalize presentation or prepare judging materials 10 minutes – team in favor presents 10 minutes – team in opposition presents 10 minutes – each team confers, to prepare to pose questions (judges) or answer them 5 minutes – team in opposition answers question(s) posed by the judges 5 minutes – team in favor answers question(s) posed by the judges (notice the reverse order!) 10 minutes – judges declare “winners” in 1) Knowledge, 2) Analysis, and 3) Presentation (see attached judging sheet)

5

Course Grade

The following two components form the overall course grade: 30% Individual Participation (attendance, Q&A, group activities, debate)

70% Individual Position Paper

As in the past, only those students who participate in all course activities are eligible for the DGP program’s “fellow” designation.

6

D. DAY BY DAY [NOTE: SECTION D IS PROVISIONAL, SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITH SPEAKER AVAILABILITY]

Monday, June 25: Overview of Sustainable Development

Location: classroom Students should bring: - Laptops for in-class activities. - Cash for lunch (available at nearby Balaxert shopping mall or IEH cafeteria) Schedule: 8:45 Meet at International Environment House, Building 1, Room 3 9:00-9:45 Professor Johnson “Course Overview, Introductions, Logistics, and Opening Class Discussion” 9:45-10:15 Speaker: Ms. Diana Rizzolio (Geneva Environment Network) “Overview of GEN” 10:30-11:45 Speaker: Mr. John Scanlon (African Parks) "Challenges of Global Environmental Negotiations" 12:00-1:00 Free time for lunch 1:15-2:30 Speaker: Ms. Uta Jungermann (World Business Council on Sustainable Development) "Overview of WBCSD and its Work with the Sustainable Development Goals" 2:45-4:00 Speaker: Ms. Lourdes Sanchez (International Institute for Sustainable Development)

“IISD’s Work with Sustainable Energy” 4:15-4:45 Professor Johnson

“Discussion and Wrap-Up”

7

Monday required readings

Bradley, Simon. 2012. “Transforming Geneva into an Environmental Hub.” International Service of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation. (online article) http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/Transforming_Geneva_into_an_environmental_hub.html?cid=32681150 Geneva Environment Network (GEN). 2018. “History.” (website) http://genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/?q=en/history-international-environmental-geneva United Nations. 2012. “History of Sustainable Development.” (webpage) http://rio20.ch/en/about-rio-20/histor/ The Guardian. 2015. “Sustainable Development Goals: All You Need To Know.” (webpage) http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-united-nations United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Statistics Division. 2018. "Tier Classification for Global SDGs Indicators." (downloadable Excel spreadsheet) https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/tier-classification/ International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2017. "SDG Interactive Tool." (webpage) https://sustainable-development-goals.iisd.org

8

Tuesday, June 26: Sustainability/Energy

Location: all-day site visit to ILO and UN Students should bring: - Passports and/or UN-affiliated badges for security process. - Cash for lunch (available at Palais cafeteria). Schedule: 8:45 Meet at bus stop "BIT" (outside International Labor Organization) 9:00-9:15 Security process at ILO’s R2-North entrance (with passports) 9:15-10:15 Speaker: Mr. Ben Simmons, Green Growth Knowledge Platform (GGKP) “Initiatives in Green Growth” (Room TBA) 10:30-11:30 Speaker: Ms. Lisa Tortell and Dr. Daniel Samaan, International Labor Organization (ILO) “Overview of the ILO and Its Work on Sustainability and Green Jobs” (Room TBA) 11:30-11:45 retrieve passports 11:45-12:15 walk to Palais des Nations' Pregny Gate (8-14 Avenue de la Paix) 12:15-12:45 Palais security process (with passports or UN-affiliated badges) 12:45-1:30 Lunch at Palais cafeteria 1:45-2:45 Speaker: Mr. Tansug Ok, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

“UNCTAD’s Work with Sustainable Energy” (Room IV – 3rd floor of Building C) 3:00-4:00 Speaker: Mr. Michael Moller, Director-General, United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG)

“International Geneva” (Room IV – 3rd floor of Building C) 4:15-5:15 Speaker: Mr. Scott Foster, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)

“UNECE’s Work with Sustainable Energy” (Room IV – 3rd floor of Building C) 5:15-5:30 Professor Johnson

“Discussion and Wrap-Up” (Room IV – 3rd floor of Building C) 5:30-5:50 walk to #15 tram stop 6:00-6:18 Tram #15 from Nations to Cornavin, then walk to restaurant 6:30-8:30 EEE-Track Mentoring Dinner with Ms. Sofia Baleno (ICTSD) Le Scandale (24 rue de Lausanne)

9

Tuesday required readings

Geneva Environment Network. “Green Growth Knowledge Platform Office Launch: January 2014.” (webpage) http://www.environmenthouse.ch/?q=fr/events/green-growth-platform-launch Poschen, Peter. 2015. “Do We Have to Choose between Creating Jobs and Protecting the Environment?” (online opinion piece - 2 pages) http://www.greengrowthknowledge.org/blog/do-we-have-choose-between-creating-jobs-and-protecting-climate International Labor Organization. “Green Jobs: Facts and Figures” (online report – 2 pages) http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_098484.pdf Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the International Organizations in Geneva. 2018. "Facts and Figures about International Geneva." (webpage) https://www.eda.admin.ch/missions/mission-onu-geneve/en/home/geneve-international/faits-et-chiffres.html International Energy Agency. 2017. “Renewables 2017.” (webpage) https://www.iea.org/publications/renewables2017/ United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2017. "History: 1960s to Today." (website - to peruse) http://unctad.org/en/Pages/About UNCTAD/A-Brief-History-of-UNCTAD.aspx United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2016. "Development and Growth: Facts and Figures." (website - to peruse) http://stats.unctad.org/Dgff2016/index.html United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2017. “UNECE Sustainable Energy.” (website – to peruse) http://www.unece.org/energy.html

10

Wednesday, June 27: Sustainability/Environment

Location: All-day site visit to organizations in Gland, Switzerland (about 20 miles east along the lake from Geneva) Students should bring: - Cash for lunch (available at IUCN cafeteria) and cash/card for train fare. Schedule: 9:00 Meet at Geneva's Cornavin train station main ticket office to purchase round-trip tickets

(CHF 20.80 without Half-Fare Card) 9:19-9:38 Train from Geneva to Gland 9:40-10:00 Walk to “Green Building” and complete security process 10:00-11:15 Speaker: Ms. Kirsty Anne Leong, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF International)

“Overview of WWF International and its Work with the SDGs” (Room: Red List A) 11:30-12:30 Lunch at IUCN cafeteria 12:45-1:45 Speaker: Dr. Sandeep Sengupta, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

“Overview of IUCN and its Work with the SDGs” (Room: Red List A) 2:00-3:00 Speakers: Ms. Marcela Bonells and Ms. Sharon Oseku-Frainier, Secretariat of the Ramsar

Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar Convention) “New Vision for the Ramsar Convention” (Room: Red List A)

3:15-4:15 Speaker: Dr. Frank Voorhies, Earthmind

“Working with the Private Sector” (Room: Red List A)

4:15-4:30 Professor Johnson “Discussion and Wrap-Up” (Room: Red List A)

4:30-4:45 Walk to train station 4:50-5:11 Train from Gland to Geneva

11

Wednesday required readings

WWF International. 2018. “What Does WWF Do?” (webpage) http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/ Kinnarps Construction. 2009. “Europe’s Greenest Building Takes Shape.” (webpage) http://www.kinnarps.com/en/France/InteriorSolutions/Environment/KinnarpsBenefits/The-new-Conservation-Centre/ International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 2018. “About IUCN.” (webpage) http://www.iucn.org/about/ International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 2015. "Position Paper: IUCN Recommendations regarding Indicators for Sustainable Development Goals." (downloadable paper - 13 pages) https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/iucn_position_paper_on_sdg_indicators_october_2015.pdf Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. 2018. “History of the Ramsar Convention.” (interactive timeline) http://www.ramsar.org/about/history-of-the-ramsar-convention Earthmind. 2018. “Our Work.” (webpage) http://earthmind.org/work/

12

Thursday, June 28: Sustainability/the Economy

Location: morning in classroom, afternoon at site visit to World Trade Organization (WTO) Students should bring: - Passports for security process. (Security may retain passports, and you must retrieve them upon exit.) - Cash for lunch (available at WTO cafeteria). - Laptops for in-class activities. Schedule: 8:45 Meet at International Environment House, Building 1, Room 3 9:00-10:00 Speaker: Ms. Sonja Hawkins, International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development

(ICTSD) “Overview of ICTSD and Its Work on Climate Change 10:15-11:15 Speaker: Dr. Youba Sokona, South Centre “Overview of the South Centre and Its Work with the Sustainable Development Goals” 11:33-11:52 Take bus #6 (toward Geneva Plage) to Charmilles (11:38), walk 2 minutes, then transfer to bus #11

(11:41) from Charmilles to Jardin Botanique). Schedule repeats every 10 minutes. 12:00-12:15 Security process at World Trade Organization’s main entrance (with passports) 12:15-1:00 Lunch at WTO cafeteria 1:00-1:45 Speaker: Mr. Javier Ocampo, World Trade Organization (WTO)

“Tour and Overview of the WTO” (start at WTO cafeteria and end at Room TBA) 1:45-2:45 Speaker: Mr. Javier Ocampo, World Trade Organization (WTO)

“Overview of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement” (Room TBA) 3:00-4:00 Speaker: Mr. Lauro Locks, World Trade Organization (WTO)

“Overview of the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement” (Room TBA) 4:15-5:15 Professor Johnson Discussion and Wrap-up (Room TBA) 5:15-5:30 Retrieve passports from security 11:00 Deadline for sharing 1,200-word position papers

13

Thursday required readings

International Center for Trade and Development. 2014. "Harnessing Trade Policy in the Sustainable Development Goals." http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/biores/news/harnessing-trade-policy-in-the-sustainable-development-goals International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development. 2015. "ICTSD Submission to Open Working Group on SDGs: Trade Policy Enables Sustainable Development" (downloadable document) https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&ved=0ahUKEwi93KOTvMDUAhVEdz4KHWqOBBgQFghMMAc&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsustainabledevelopment.un.org%2FgetWSDoc.php%3Fid=1349&usg=AFQjCNFpqNj0GleysAf13kbS2hkDhkmWnw World Trade Organization. 2018. “What Is the World Trade Organization?” (webpage) http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact1_e.htm International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2006. “A Trade and Environment Timeline.” (online report – 6 pages) http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2007/trade_and_env_22.pdf World Trade Organization. 2018. “Understanding the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures.” (webpage) http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/spsund_e.htm World Trade Organization. 2018. “Technical Barriers to Trade: Technical Explanation.” (webpage) http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tbt_e/tbt_info_e.htm

14

Friday, June 30: Fitting It Together: Governance

Location: classroom (IEH Building 1, Room 3) Students should bring: - Electronic or printed versions of all students' position papers as background reading for debate. - Laptops for in-class activities. - Cash for lunch (available at IEH cafeteria). Schedule: 8:45 Meet at International Environment House, Building 1, Room 3 9:00-10:15 Speaker: Mr. David Morgan (Conventional on International Trade in Endangered Species of

Wild Fauna and Flora, CITES) “Overview of CITES and Its Work with the Sustainable Development Goals”

10:30-11:45 Small-group preparation for in-class debate 12:00-1:00 Free time for lunch (may also continue team preparations for debate) 1:15-2:15 Debate: “Sustainable Development Goal #7 and Sub-Saharan Africa" 2:30-3:15 Professor Johnson

Wrap-Up: Course Debriefing and Online Course Evaluations (Early dismissal so students can catch up on internship responsibilities for next week)

6:00-7:30 Program-Wide Reception at Brasserie des Halles de L’ile

15

Friday required readings

*** Your classmates’ position papers for closing class debate re: SDG #7. *** Hill, Yohan. 2015. “Sustainable Development Goal 7: Ensure Access to Sustainable Energy.” Green Biz (online opinion piece) https://www.greenbiz.com/article/sustainable-development-goal-7-ensure-access-sustainable-energy Salamat, Mohammad Reza. 2016. "Ethics of Sustainable Development: the Moral Imperative for the Effective Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development." (online article - 3 pages) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1477-8947.12096

16

DEBATE

NAME OF JUDGE ___________________________________________________________

CRITERIA WINNER

(circle one) COMMENTS

1) Issue Knowledge (background, actors, statistics, etc.)

Team

in Favor

Team in

Opposition

2) Political Analysis (constraints, opportunities, strategy, etc.)

Team

in Favor

Team in

Opposition

3) Presentation (organization, logic, delivery, etc.)

Team

in Favor

Team in

Opposition

17

(Not required) Additional Resources on “Overview of Sustainable Development” United Nations. “Rio + 20 Dictionary.” (online report – 15 pages) http://rio20.ch//wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Dictionary1.pdf Alaimo, Kara. 2014. “How the United Nations Should Promote the Post-2015 Development Agenda.” (online report – 8 pages) http://issuu.com/www.crhsgg.umb.edu/docs/15.082_cgs_brief10_gps_v4_hires/0 Halle, Mark. 2015. “Accountability and the SDGs: Three Reasons for Optimism." (online opinion piece) https://www.iisd.org/blog/accountability-and-sdgs-three-reasons-optimism Lang, Winfried. 1999. “UN Principles and International Environmental Law.” (online article – 16 pages) http://www.mpil.de/files/pdf2/mpunyb_lang_3.pdf Romero, Simon, and John Broder. June 18, 2012. “Global Economy Limits Expectations at Earth Summit in Brazil.” New York Times. (online article) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/world/americas/rio20-summit-overshadowed-by-global-economy.html Halle, Mark. 2011. “Perspectives on Rio+20: When the Best Options Are Unavailable, What Space Do We Really Have?” (online report – 2 pages) http://www.iisd.org/publications/perspectives-rio20when-best-options-are-unavailable-what-space-do-we-really-have United Nations Environment Program. “Green Economy and Trade.” (website) http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/GreenEconomyandTrade/tabid/105867/Default.aspx Halle, Mark, Adil Najam, and Robert Wolfe. 2014. “Building an Effective Review Mechanism: Lessons for the High-Level Political Forum.” (online report – 12 pages) http://www.iisd.org/publications/building-effective-review-mechanism-lessons-hlpf Global Environmental Governance Project at University of Massachusetts-Boston. (website) http://www.environmentalgovernance.org/

18

(Not required) Additional Resources on “Sustainability/Energy” United Nations. “Greening the United Nations in Geneva.” (online brochure) http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAssets)/29E1BFA8C6172E3FC12575A8004A67D8/$file/Greening+UNOG.pdf Birol, Fatih. 2012. “Fossil Fuel Subsidies: A Tour of the Data.” The Guardian. (online article) http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/datablog/2012/jan/18/fossil-fuel-subsidy International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). “Global Subsidies Initiative: Interactive Maps.” (interactive map – to peruse) http://www.iisd.org/gsi/interactive-maps International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD). 2016. “Acceptance of Consumption-Based Climate Policy Instruments and Implementation Challenges.” (online report – 5 pages) http://www.ictsd.org/sites/default/files/research/Carbon%20CAP%20Policy%20Brief%202%20Acceptance%20of%20Consumption-based%20Climate%20Policy%20Instruments%20and%20Implementation%20Challenges.pdf International Energy Agency (IEA). 2015. “Tracking Clean Energy Progress.” (online report – 91 pages) http://www.iea.org/etp/tracking/ Bacchus, James. 2016. “Global Rules for Mutually Supportive and Reinforcing Trade and Climate Regimes.” (online report – 26 pages) http://e15initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/E15_ICTSD_Climate_Change_report_2016_1002.pdf Murray, James. July 10, 2014. “Could an Environmental Goods Agreement Unlock a Surge in Green Growth?” (online article) http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/analysis/2354459/could-an-environmental-goods-agreement-unlock-a-surge-in-green-growth International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development: BIORES. March 25, 2015. “Environmental Goods Agreement Trade Talks on Track for Negotiation Stage” http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/biores/news/environmental-goods-agreement-trade-talks-on-track-for-negotiation-stage International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development: BIORES. Feburary 6, 2015. “Environmental Goods Agreement Talks Focus on Clean Energy.” (online article) http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/biores/news/environmental-goods-agreement-talks-focus-on-clean-energy-products Karachalios, Konstantinos, Nikolaus Thumm, Ahmed Abdel Latif, Pedro Roffe, Benjamin Simmons, and Tahir Amin. 2010. “Patents and Clean Energy: Bridging the Gap between Evidence and Policy.” United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), European Patent Office (EPO), and International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD). (online report – 50 pages) http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?lang=en&id=138449

19

Barton, John. 2009. “Patenting and Access to Clean Energy Technologies in Developing Countries.” WIPO Magazine. (online article) http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2009/02/article_0005.html United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. “Legal Instruments: Sustainable Energy.” (website) http://www.unece.org/leginstr/energy.html United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2014. “Trade Remedies: Targeting the Renewable Energy Sector” (online report – 50 pages) http://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=1084

20

(Not required) Additional Resources on “Sustainability/Environment” International Union for the Conservation of Nature. “Blog: The Inside Track on Global Conservation.” (website – to peruse) http://portals.iucn.org/blog/ International Union for the Conservation of Nature. “The IUCN Red List of Endangered Species.” (website) http://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-species/about Rodrigues, A., J. Pilgrim, J. Lamoreux, M. Hoffman and T. Brooks. 2006. “The Value of the IUCN Red List for Conservation,” Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Volume 21, Issue 2. (online report – 6 pages) http://www.academia.edu/1438746/The_value_of_the_IUCN_Red_List_for_conservation International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 2014. “Biodiversity for Business: A Guide to Using Knowledge Products Delivered through IUCN.” (online report – 40 pages) https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/43361 Ramsar Convention. “Technical Reports Series.” (website) http://www.ramsar.org/categories/ramsar-technical-reports Nature Conservancy. 2014. “Working with Companies: Why Companies Should Protect Nature.” (online article) http://www.nature.org/about-us/working-with-companies/engaging-businesses-for-conservation-success/ Voorhies, Frank. November 18, 2014. “Can Environmental Funds Improve the Biodiversity Performance of Extractive Industries in Africa?” (online opinion piece – 2 pages) http://www.forbes.com/sites/francisvorhies/2014/11/18/can-environmental-funds-improve-the-biodiversity-performance-of-extractive-industries-in-africa/

21

(Not required) Additional Resources on “Sustainability/the Economy” International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2007. “A Trade and Environment Glossary.” (online report – 18 pages) http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2007/trade_and_env_23.pdf Boulding, William. 1966. “The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth.” (online report – 12 pages) http://earthmind.net/earthmind/docs/boulding-1966.pdf Krugman, Paul. 2010. “Building a Green Economy.” New York Times Magazine. (online article – 9 pages) http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/11/magazine/11Economy-t.html United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). 2011. “Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication.” (online report – 631 pages) http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/GreenEconomyReport/tabid/29846/language/en-US/Default.aspx Najam, Adil, Mark Halle, and Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz. 2007. Trade and Environment: A Resource Book. Geneva: International Institute for Sustainable Development. (online report – 274 pages) http://www.iisd.org/publications/pub.aspx?id=862 World Trade Organization. “Environment: History.” (website) http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/envir_e/hist1_e.htm World Trade Organization. “Sustainable Development.” (website) http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/envir_e/sust_dev_e.htm World Trade Organization. “Settling Disputes: A Unique Contribution.” (website) http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/disp1_e.htm Halle, Mark. 2012. “The Curious but Encouraging Evolution of the World Trade Organization.” (online opinion piece) http://richardsandbrooksplace.org/mark-halle/curious-encouraging-evolution-world-trade-organisation World Trade Organization. “WTO Analytical Index: Guide to WTO Law and Practice.” (website) http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/analytic_index_e/analytic_index_e.htm

22

(Not required) Additional Resources on “Fitting It Together: Governance” Halle, Mark. 2016. "Overseeing Agenda 2030: How to Avoid a Repeat of the Commission on Sustainable Development." (online opinion piece) https://www.iisd.org/blog/how-avoid-repeat-commission-sustainable-development Georgeson, Lucien. April 22, 2014. “Why Is There Still No World Environment Organization?” (online opinion piece) http://theconversation.com/why-is-there-still-no-world-environment-organisation-25792 Lowitt, Eric. 2011. “Making Public-Private Partnerships Work for Environmental Initiatives.” (online article) http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/public-private-partnerships-environmental-initiatives Neme, Laurel. March 4, 2013. “CITES 40th Anniversary: Reflections of CITES Secretary-General John Scanlon.” (online article) http://news.mongabay.com/2013/0304-cites-neme-scanlon-3.html Presigiacomo, Stefania, and John Njoroge Michuki. October 28, 2009. “Why We Need a World Environment Organization.” The Guardian. (online article) http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/cif-green/2009/oct/28/world-environment-organisation The Economist. June 23, 2012. “Many ‘Mays’ but Few ‘Musts’: A Limp Agreement at the UN’s Vaunted Environmental Summit.” (online article) http://www.economist.com/node/21557314 Halle, Mark, Adil Najam, and Christopher Beaton. 2013. “The Future of Sustainable Development: Rethinking Sustainable Development after Rio+20 and Implications for UNEP.” International Institute for Sustainable Development. (online report – 30 pages) http://www.iisd.org/publications/pub.aspx?pno=2776 United Nations Environment Program. 2009. “Global Green New Deal: Policy Brief,” (online report – 36 pages) http://new.unep.org/pdf/A_Global_Green_New_Deal_Policy_Brief.pdf Halle, Mark. 2007. “The UNEP We Want: Reflections on UNEP’s Future Challenges.” (online report – 6 pages) http://www.iisd.org/publications/pub.aspx?id=903 International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2006. “Global Environmental Governance: A Reform Agenda.” (online report – 124 pages) http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2006/geg.pdf Ivanova, Maria. 2005. “Can the Anchor Hold? Rethinking the United Nations Environment Program for the 21st Century,” Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy. (online report – 59 pages) http://www.yale.edu/gegdialogue/Ivanova-FESReport7.pdf