Dual Working Couples

8/11/2019 Dual Working Couples

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CAREER ISSUES OF DUAL WORKING COUPLES

3.1 Theoretical Framework

A) DEFINITION OF DUAL WORKING OU!LE"

Societal changes over the past few decades include a dramatic increases in the number of

women in the workplace,women account for 47% of India labour force.Dual career family a

term introduced by apoport ! rapoport denotes a family structure in which the husband and

wife simultaneously pursue active careers and family lives. "ore recent definitions

describes the dual career couples as two people who each have a career and a shared

relationship.career is distinguished from the term #ob,as career involves a high level of

commitment speciali$ed training and involves a developmental seuence. &lthough there are

many positive benefits associated with dual career couples home responsibilitits contribute 'sto increase stress and ta(ed coping resources in the marital relationship to manage these

demands has important implications for martial satisfaction and conflict.

#) $I"TOR%

&ULTI!LE IDENTITIE"

In the dual career marriages partners each have commitments to their careers and to their

careers and to their families.sense of self is interlinked with both thses persuits as a career

minded spouse will have both a strong professional identity and family identity.threats to

identify are generally perceived at a very stressful and elicit self protection responses. )hus

when career and family commitments compete intense conflict is likely to erupt as spice seek

to protect their senses of identity.finding a satisfactory balance between family and

professional identities is crucial for these couples.

TI&E RE"!ON"I#ILITIE" AND 'ALUE"

)he way in which dual working couples devote their time and divide their responsibilities

gives insight into the importance they place on work and family roles. & line of thinking has

gained traction in terms of helping dual career couples negotiate their time is to

reconceptualise their life as consisting of three careers*his,hers and the career of the

family.this model can be used in therapy to challenge the couples values and promote a

dialogue that goes deeper than basic delegation of task

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3.( Literatre Re*iew

UTTA& KU&AR !ANDA+ A""I"TANT !ROFE""OR ,"OIOLOG%)+ +Itcan be concluded that the traditional gender roles such as child care, housekeeping and

kitchen works of women have been significantly changing in dual career families. )hese

responsibilities are shared either by the male spouse or by the paid servant or part time maids.

)hough, the people of India have walked a long distance in development, yet patriarchy is not

completely impotent. omen as an employed individual could be able to add new values and

elevate her importance in the family due to her earning capacity, choosing a career and power

of decision making. ole conflicts, stress and strain among the dual career-employed couples

affect the career and goals of the wife in more cases than the husband and the same was also

found in male cases. &n employed woman loses interests in domestic or household choresand she feels that these chores causes stress if she continues to perform them. )he employed

women have decreased their interests in domestic chores because of the #ob responsibilities

and time constraints.The -oral o/ Famil0 Wel/are+ re2ete at $ia0atlaah Natioal

Law Ui*er2it0+ Uarwara+ New Rair+ hatti24arh.

KAT$% -. &AR"$AK+ 5ith regard to childcare and housekeeping, a dual*career

couples may struggle with dividing chores eually. ven though both husband and wife work

full time, studies have shown that the wife still carries the burden of childcare andhousekeeping. It may be difficult for dual*career couples to change social standards that they

have lived with all of their lives. /owever, an uneual division of labor at home often leads

to fatigue on the part of the wife, and conflict for the couple. 0n the positive side, many dual*

career couples report that two careers enhance their personal relationship. 1oth husbands and

wives report that it is very rewarding to be married to someone who is interesting, intelligent

and powerful. 2et the time commitment to career and family is heavy, and often the marriage

relationship is the last attended to, after work, children and housekeeping. )herefore many

dual*career couples have a high level of conflict that goes unresolved due to fatigue and lack

of time to talk.3 oncluded the following in the report of 6#alaci4 li/e a2 a al careercole7

!ATRIIA '. ROE$LING+ !$.D.+ A22ociate !ro/e22or o/ !20cholo40

$oe olle4e+ $olla+ &ichi4a+ U.".A 8 !h0lli2 &oe+ !h.D.+

!ro/e22or o/ "ociolo40 a $ma De*elomet orell Ui*er2it0+ Ithaca+

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New %ork+ U.".A concluded the following in the report of 6Dal Earer ole27

encyclopedia5

+)here are both advantages and disadvantages to being a member of a dual*earner couple.

"en and women who are active both in the home and in the marketplace have higher levels

of psychological and physical well*being. )hey have larger networks of social support, a

greater sense of competency, and a higher degree of economic security than those who do not

have these multiple roles. /owever, because of the dearth of social supports 6government

subsidi$ed day care, after school programs, on*site day care, paid maternity and paternity

leaves, and the long hours built into contemporary work e(pectations, men and women,

particularly those with children, find that dual full*time employment can lead to conflict

between the demands of work and those of the home. 1ending to the lack of support

structures and the high e(pectations of the workplace, many employees, particularly women

with children, choose to reduce their hours at work, work non*standard shifts, and turn downopportunities for relocation and travel in order to maintain and provide stability for the

household. &lthough these choices are often necessary, they can result in the permanent

alteration of an employee8s career tra#ectory3

E*e "rt a "2a $owe2+ he*ro+ cocle the /ollowi4 9

5)he challenges women face with relocation and child rearing should be handled by

employers as dual career couple issues. /owever that does not mean both genders necessarilyhave the same value systems of perspectives. omen place a much higher priority on

protecting their partner9s career. )his may change in time as more women assume an eual

financial role in family life. )he differences between women and men tend to be reduced for

couples making nearly eual contributions to household finances. :olicies on relocation,

fle(ible hours, and telecommuting should be reviewed to determine whether more dual career

friendly policies can be implemented. )he issue is not how we have traditionally done

business and acuired critical e(periences and skills but rather what must get done and how it

can be done with a work force that has different domestic responsibilities than the vanishing

work force previously dominated by single bread winners. In an / discussion on the topic,

6Factor2 imacti4 al career cole27

U:*ala Ra:ah0ak2ha 8 Deeti #hata4ar+concluded the following review

+It was suggested that a possible reason for this was the continuing parental obligations of

Indian women that e(tend well into their late adulthood years, the responsibility of care for

the elderly that falls almost e(clusively on women, the lack of retraining facilities to enable

women to update their skills and knowledge after a career break, and the absence of a

willingness on the part of organi$ations to offer challenging #obs to professional women who



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are keen for re*entry. )he result of the study call for further refinements of our understanding

of the career development of women through greater empirical research spread across a wider

set of cultural conte(t.3 In the / discussion on the topic of ;A 2t0 o/ al career cole2

i Iia cote;t7

ocli4 ommet2+Dual worker couples will be the preferred lifestyle of the ne(t

century. hat we are likely to see is husbands and wives whose careers are developing at

different rates than those of traditional couples. omen will take time out to have families

and men will ad#ust their career priorities to make time for sharing the parenting

responsibilities. )he work place will continue. /owever, to challenge traditional stereotypes

of masculinity and feminity and couples will have to work hard to redefine their roles both in

the home and in the work place. Security and identity will be recurring themes among these

couples as the pressures to meet societal e(pectations and address economic realities will

continue. Dual worker living will challenge husband and wives to constantly review their

priorities and protect themselves from becoming slaves to a lifestyle.

RE"EAR$ &ET$ODOLOG%



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Title o/ the !ro:ect* +areer Issues of Dual orking ouples3

Dual*career couples are families in which

)o know about the working style of dual career couples

)o know the ratio of female workers

)o know working attitude of male workers and female workers

&ccording to this topic the study that is conducted can be descriptive design as

problem is identified by knowing several perspectives.


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Internet, #ournals, discussions, public.

ouples might not reveal little information due to personal benefits.

)hey might delay the response due to working hours.

)ime duration of pro#ect.

Bnwillingness of respondent

>C. Does your family support the concept of dual career couples

esponse Eo. of response :ercentage

2es ?F G7.HA%



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Eo .FA%

IE):)&)I0E=

"ost of the families support the concept of dual working couples, the

percentage is G7.HA%. 0nly % of the families does not support this concept.



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>. Does your working affect the family environment


2es CH C?.?%

Eo HG ?C.%

IE):)&)I0E=

Jamily environment in most of the cases is not affected, CG% is not affected.

?C% family environment is affected due to dual working couples.



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>F. Does your family support your working with the co worker of the opposite

gender


2es 7A ??.4%

Eo G [email protected]?%

IE):)&)I0E=

2es, ??.4% got the dual working couples get the support of the family for

working with the opposite gender while [email protected]?% is nt supported.

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>4. Is your spouse working in the same organisation


2es @ F.AF%

Eo HA 7H.47%

IE):)&)I0E=

&s per the above survey, 4% of the dual working couples work in the same

organi$ation while 7H.47% does not work together.

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>A. If yes then at what position


/igh 4 @%

Same C H@%

low 4 @%

IE):&)I0E=

&s per the above survey, 4% of the dual working couples work in the same

organi$ation while 7H.47% does not work together.



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>7. Does your spouse actively support in the household activities


2es H7 7?.?%

Eo C? C.C7%

IE):)&)I0E=

&s per the survey, 7?.?% actively support each other in the house hold

activities while C% do not support.



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>?. Does your family give eual importance to your career


2es 7? GC.77%

Eo 7 ?.4%

IE):)&)I0E=

&s per the survey, GC.77% gets eual support of their family while ?.4% do not

get the support.



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>G. ho is more involved in taking care of the child


"e as a father-mother FA 4C.C7%

other F? 44.7C%

IE):)&)I0E=

&s per the survey, 4C.C7% of the dual working couples are involved in taking

care of the child while 44.7C% are non dual working couples.



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>CC. hat is the reason for dual working 6 rate between C*4


C F 4

0ut of boredem C4 CF A F CH.47% CA.F% HC.C7% F.AF%

0ut of interest FF FH CC F F?.?% 4.FA% C.G4% F.AF%

>ualifications F4 FF C7 F 4@% F?.?

%

@% F.AF%

0thers 4 7H 4.7% .FA

%

.FA% ?G.4%

IE):)&)I0E=

&s per the above survey the reason that is highest selected by the respondents

are others, while the one ranked second is ualifications, third reason is out of

interest and the least selected reason is out of boredom.



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>C. hat is given more importance under critical situation


areer .FA%

family ?F G7.HA%

IE):)&)I0E=

&s per the above survey,.FA% gives importance to career while G7.HA% give

importance to family. )hus family is given the highest importance.



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>CF. Do you accept the spouse transfer policy if profitable


2es C C4.C%

Eo 7 ?4.7C%

IE):)&)I0E=

?H% of male-female accepts the spouse9s transfer policy if its profitable, rest

C4% does not accept the spouse9s transfer policy.



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>C4. hat is your opinion about having children at what stage of career life


*Fyears 4@ 47.@A%

4*A years G F4.C%

"ore than A years CH C?.?%

IE):)&)I0E=

47% of the couples believe that they should have children at *Fyears of career

life, while F4% couples have opinion to have children at 4*Ayears of career life

and CG% couples believe that they should have children after A years of career

life.

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>CA. Kender


"ale 4F [email protected]%

female 4 4G.4C%

IE):)&)I0E=

[email protected]% were the male respondents while 4G.4C% were the female respondents



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>CH. 1elongs to


Euclear family H 7.G4%

Loint family F 7.@A%

IE):)&)I0E=

7% of couples belong to nuclear family and 7% of couples belong to #oint

family



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"ost of the families support the concept of dual working couples, the

percentage is G7.HA%. 0nly % of the families does not support thisconcept.

Jamily environment in most of the cases is not affected, CG% is not

affected.?C% family environment is affected due to dual working couples

2es, ??.4% got the dual working couples get the support of the family

for working with the opposite gender while [email protected]?% is nt supported.

&s per the above survey, 4% of the dual working couples work in the

same organi$ation while 7H.47% does not work together.



In the above survey, F?% of the dual working couples work part time

while H% work full time.

&s per the survey, 7?.?% actively support each other in the house hold

activities while C% do not support.



&s per the survey, 4C.C7% of the dual working couples are involved in

taking care of the child while 44.7C% are non dual working couples.

&s per the above survey, F?.?% of the father-mother participates in the

childs education while 4?.F% has their spouse.

&s per the above survey the reason that is highest selected by the

respondents are others, while the one ranked second is ualifications,

third reason is out of interest and the least selected reason is out of

boredom.

&s per the above survey,.FA% gives importance to career while G7.HA%

give importance to family. )hus family is given the highest importance.



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#I#LOGRA!$%

#OOK">

/B"&E S0BS "&E&K"E)*K.ASWATHAPA

0M 0EJMI), S)SS &ED DB&M*& 0B:MS= &E ":II&M

S)BD2

UTTAM KUMAR PANDA,CHATTISGARDH

LINK">

http=--www.dol.gov-oasam-programs-history-herman-reports-futurework-conference-f

amilies-couples.htm

http=--www.$uv.uni*

heidelberg.de-md-$uv-personal-entwicklung-$urprofessur-flyerNdualNcareerNeng.pdf

http=--psych.ku.edu-dennisk-:JH4-Dual*arner%@ouples.htm

LITERATURE RE'IEW>

B))&" OB"& :&ED&

:&)II& P. 0/MIEK, :/.D

O&)/2 L. "&S/&O

P S:BE) &ED SBS&E /0S, /P0E

BLP&M& &L&D/2&OS/& ! D:)I 1/&)E&K&

http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/herman/reports/futurework/conference/families/couples.htmhttp://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/herman/reports/futurework/conference/families/couples.htmhttp://www.zuv.uni-heidelberg.de/md/zuv/personal/entwicklung/zurprofessur/flyer_dual_career_eng.pdfhttp://www.zuv.uni-heidelberg.de/md/zuv/personal/entwicklung/zurprofessur/flyer_dual_career_eng.pdfhttp://psych.ku.edu/dennisk/PF642/Dual-Earner%20Couples.htmhttp://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/herman/reports/futurework/conference/families/couples.htmhttp://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/herman/reports/futurework/conference/families/couples.htmhttp://www.zuv.uni-heidelberg.de/md/zuv/personal/entwicklung/zurprofessur/flyer_dual_career_eng.pdfhttp://www.zuv.uni-heidelberg.de/md/zuv/personal/entwicklung/zurprofessur/flyer_dual_career_eng.pdfhttp://psych.ku.edu/dennisk/PF642/Dual-Earner%20Couples.htm


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Dear respondent,

e, students of E&PEI"&E IES)I)B) 0J "&E&K"E), Surat are

conducting survey on +& ISSBS 0J DB&M 0OIEK 0B:MS3. e reuest

you to help us in gathering the reuired information by filling up the following uestionnaire.

e assure you that information given by you will be strictly used for academic purpose only.

L&I&M& D/&EI6F@F

O0)/&I 1/&P2&6FC

S/&/ LB/I 6FF7

S/&/ O&EIO& 6FF?

e will be greatly thankful to you for your kind cooperation.

Instruction= Bse tick mark in your favourable answer.

C. Does your family support the concept of dual career couples 2S E0

. Does your working affect the family environment

2S E0

F. Does your family support your working with the co*worker ofthe opposite gender

2S E0

4. Is your spouse working in the same organi$ation

2S E0

A If yes then at what position

/IK/



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S&"

M0

H Is any one of you working part time 2S E0

A. Does your spouse actively support in the house hold activities

2S E0

H. Does your family give eual importance to your career

2S E0

G ho is more involved in taking care of the child

"e as a

0thers

C@ ho actively participates in the child9s education and

ciricular activities

2ou 2our spouse

CCeason for dual working

6please rate the below between C*4

0ut of boredom

0ut of interest

>ualifications

0thers

Chat is given more importance under critical situation

areer

Jamily

CFDo you accept the spouse transfer policy if profitable

2S E0



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C4hat is your opinion of having children at what stage of

career life

.F years

4.A years "ore than A years

:S0E&M IEJ0"&)I0E=

E&"=

&K=

KED=1M0EKS )0= Euclear family

Loint family


Dual Working Couples

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