DTM Ecuador report 4 - 7 May 2016
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Transcript of DTM Ecuador report 4 - 7 May 2016
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1 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
International Organization for Migration (IOM) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)
Ecuador Earthquake 2016 Site assessments – Round 1
In response to the earthquake in Pedernales, Ecuador, the International Organization for
Migration (IOM) is currently implementing the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). DTM
Ecuador is collecting information regarding the locations, the numbers, the needs and the
vulnerabilities of the population displaced as a result of the earthquake.
This first report of DTM Ecuador presents the main findings derived from the information
collected in 76 sites hosting 10 or more displaced families in various regions affected by the
earthquake1. The evaluation was implemented in different cantons in the provinces of Manabí
and Esmeraldas between the 4th and 7th of May 2016.
Methodology
The assessment was carried out by three IOM mobile teams with a questionnaire administered to
key informants2 in order to obtain updated information on the conditions of the sites where
displaced persons are hosted.
The unit of assessment is a site (i.e. camp, lodgings or collective centers, spontaneous sites and
host families) and data from the Ministry of Social and Economic Inclusion (MIES) was used as the
basis for identifying the sites on the ground.
The data collected includes, among others:
Site classification.
Use of the site before the arrival of displaced population.
Demographic data of the displaced population.
Information on vulnerable groups.
Conditions in the sites and needs by sector (e.g. water, health, food etc.).
Perceptions of security, privacy and dignity.
1 Some of the evaluated sites could have less than 10. Note also that there can be cases of sites hosting 10 or more families which have not been captured by the first evaluation. In future evaluations, DTM will include a greater number of geographical areas in order to provide a more complete view of displacement caused by the earthquake. 2 Including staff from the Ministry of Social and Economic Inclusion, Armed Forces, community leaders and displaced persons.
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2 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
Assessed provinces and cantons
The majority of assessed sites were in cantons of the Manabí province, Manta standing out with
14 affected sites and Jama and Portoviejo with 7 sites each. The remaining 23 sites are located in
the Esmeraldas province in the Muisne canton.
Table 1. Number of assessed sites by province and canton
Province Canton Number of sites
Esmeraldas Muisne 23
Manabí Bolívar 1
Chone 1
Flavio Alfaro 4
Jama 7
Jaramijó 1
Manta 14
Montecristi 2
Pedernales 4
Portoviejo 7
Rocafuerte 4
San Vicente 6
Sucre 2
Total 76
Muisne30%
Bolívar4%
Chone1%
Flavio Alfaro3%Jama
9%Jaramijó
1%
Manta19%
Montecristi3%
Pedernales5%
Portoviejo9%
Rocafuerte5%
San Vicente8%
Sucre3%
Chart 1. Assesed sites per canton
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3 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
Displaced population
The 76 sites assessed by IOM are currently hosting 2,989 families with a total of 11,274 individuals.
As mentioned above, the number includes only families and persons in sites hosting 10 or more
families. The number captured by DTM is, thus, smaller than the number reported by MIES and
the estimates of the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MIDUVI) (based on an
assessment of affected homes).
73,000 estimated living based on evaluation of
by MIDUVI
33,000 identified by MIES
11,274 monitored by IOM/DTM
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4 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
Map 1. Displaced population (individuals) by canton
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5 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
Use of the sites before displacement
The majority of sites are located in open lots. However, it is important to note that 19 assessed
sites – 25% of the total – were used as schools before accommodating the displaced population.
Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)
In terms of WASH, it is important to note that the distribution and quantity of water varies
depending on factors such as location of sites (i.e. rural or urban) and the presence of authorities
like MIES and the Armed Forces.
More than 50% of the sites report receiving more than two liters of drinking water per person per
day. Nonetheless, around 37% reported that they had received drinking water distributions, while
in approximately 6% it was reported that less than two liters of water per person were received.
A similar situation presents itself with regard to water for domestic consumption purposes: the
majority of sites evaluated report receiving sufficient water daily, but a considerable number does
not receive water or the quantity is insufficient.
2019 19
8 8
2
0
5
10
15
20
25
Lote abierto Otro Escuela Parque oplaza
Centrodeportivo
Edificioprivado
Chart 2: Site use before displacement
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6 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
Sites accommodating displaced people in rural areas present deficient and in some cases critical
conditions, in terms of equipment for sanitation and hygiene. The number of available latrines in
the majority of sites is insufficient and there are sites in which there are no latrines or where the
number of persons per latrines is higher than 100: in the evaluated sites, 18 do not have latrines
and in 4 there are more than 100 people per latrine.
53%
6%
37%
1% 3%
Chart 3. Daily distribution of drinking water
Sí, más de 2L porpersona
Sí, menos de 2L porpersona
No
No sabe
No info
60%8%
28%
1% 3%
Chart 4. Daily distribution of water for domestic use
Sí, más de 15L porpersona
Sí, menos de 15Lpor persona
No
No sabe
No info
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7 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
Similarly, it was confirmed that a considerable number of sites do not have
latrines/bathrooms and separate bathing areas for men and women.
Diet and nutrition
In terms of diet and nutrition, it is reported that in 34% of the assessed sites food distribution is
irregular, meanwhile in 22% it is daily and in 18% it is distributed two times per week. The majority
of sites report that there is no distribution of supplementary nutrition to lactating mothers,
pregnant women and children.
5% 4%
9%
21%
37%
24%
Chart5. Number of persons per latrine
Más de 100
Entre 76 y 100
Entre 51 y 75
Entre 26 y 50
Menos de 25
Sin letrinas
65%
35%
Chart 6. Latrines separated for men and women
No
Sí
75%
25%
Chart 7. Shower facilities separated for men and women
No
Sí
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8 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
Health
The primary health issue reported in 33% of the sites are acute respiratory infections, while 20%
cite diarrhea. Given the sanitation conditions in the majority of visited sites, it is possible that
infections will increase in frequency as many interviewees have mentioned the presence of flies
and mosquitos is rising.
26
17
14
9
42
1 1 1 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Irregular Todos losdías
Dosveces porsemana
Una vezpor
semana
Nunca No info Una vezal mes
Porcuentapropia
Cada dossemanas
No sabe
Chart 8. Frequency of food distributions
25
15
10
64 3
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Chart 9. Principal health concerns
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9 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
Although the majority of sites covered by the assessment have health service points or receive
assistance through mobile clinics, 32% of sites reported that the displaced population has no
secure Access to health services and installments.
Livelihoods
Given that the earthquake-affected zones are on Ecuador’s coast, 34 sites (45% of the total) cited
fishing as the occupation of the majority of men, with 11 sites (14% of the total) reporting
agriculture as men’s main occupation, and 7 sites (9% of the total) reporting the majority of men
to be employed in the informal sector. Meanwhile, in 29 of assessed sites (38% of the total)
women’s main occupation is in domestic work, with 10 sites (13%) reporting that the majority of
women work in fishing.
64%
32%
3% 1%
Chart 10. Secure access to health services and installations
Sí
No
34
11
7 6
11
3 2 1 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Chart 11. Principal occupation of men in assessed sites
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10 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
In 60% of assessed sites it was reported that less than 25% of households currently have access
to income-generating activities, with fishing activities in the zone affected by the earthquake.
Security, dignity and privacy
The majority of assessed sites did not report significant security issues. This is largely due to the
frequent presence of police and army in or nearby displacement sites. Nevertheless, 37% of
assessed sites reported that there is no permanent presence of security forces.
29
109
8
5
14
1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Ama de casa Pesca Ninguno No info Comercioinformal
Otro No sabe
Chart 12. Principal occupation of women in assessed sites
60%24%
1%5%
7%
3%
Chart 13. Percentage of households with access to income-generating activities
Menor al 25%
De 26% a 50%
De 51% a 75%
De 76% a 100%
No info
No responde
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11 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
It is also noteworthy that a significant number of assessed sites reported not having lighting in
communal areas or, where lighting exists, that it is insufficient. Less than half of the assessed sites
have adequate lighting in communal areas.
Meanwhile, in 25% of assessed sites did key informants confirm that there are places on site which
women and girls prefer to avoid.
37%
62%
1%
Chart 14. Permanent security presence on site
No
Sí
No info
None21%
Adequate48%
Deficient30%
No info1%
Chart 15. Lighting in communal areas
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12 www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/ecuador/coordinaci%C3%B3n-y-gesti%C3%B3n-de-campamentos [email protected]
Access to Information
In 22 assessed sites (29% of the total) the displaced population mentioned more information
about access to humanitarian assistance as the primary information need, whilst in 9 sites (12%
of the total) they expressed a primary wish for more information about security, and in 7 sites (9%
of the total) more information about the situation in areas of origin was considered most
important.
74%
25%
1%
Chart 16. Prevalence of areas which women and girls tend to avoid
No Sí No info
22
119
7 75
4
8
2 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
Chart 17. Additional information which would be useful