DSD-INT 2014 - OpenMI Symposium - An operational forecasting system for subsurface floods in the...
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An operational forecasting system for subsurface flood in the city of Cologne
Delft Software Days 2014
Dr.-Ing. Daniel Bachmann (Deltares, formerly IWW) Moritz Kreyenschulte, M.Sc. RWTH (IWW) Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Schüttrumpf (IWW)
Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management (IWW) RWTH Aachen University
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Motivation
Subsurface flood – the creeping flood Surface flood
well-known; extensive forecasting; high awareness
Source: LFU Baden-Württemberg (2005)
Source: NRW, Hochwasserschutzfibel (1999)
Source: www.deggingen.de
Subsurface flood relatively unknown; no forecasting;
low awareness
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Motivation
Example Elbe flood 2002, city of Dresden
time
wat
erle
velh
[mN
N]
30.07.2002 30.08.2002 29.09.2002 30.10.2002 29.11.2002 30.12.2002 29.01.2003 01.03.2003103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
Elbe
groundwater observation point"Hauptbahnhof"
Source: SÄCHSISCHES LANDESAMT FÜR UMWELT UND GEOLOGIE (2003)
Groundwater level central station
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Seepage
Stability
Operational forecasting system for subsurface flood
Objective In
itial
- and
bou
ndar
y co
nditi
ons
Operational forecast
Fore
cast
of g
roun
dwat
er le
vel
Damage mitigation by warning
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Coupling of existing software tools and models via OPENMI
Design of the systems
Operational forecast
Prog
nose
Flu
rabs
tand
Coupled, numerical system: groundwater
with surface water
Fore
cast
of g
roun
dwat
er le
vel
Initi
al- /
bou
ndar
y co
nditi
ons
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Coupling of existing software tools and models via OPENMI: SOBEK 1D FEFLOW
Design of the systems for Cologne
SOBEK 1D
FEFLOW FEFLOW
Cologne
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Existing models – SOBEK 1D (Deltares)
Ruhr
Lippe
Col
ogne
Lobith
Bonn
1D-Finite Differences model for surface water flow
OPENMI-compliant Model operated by BfG
(German Federal Institute for Hydrology)
ca. 208 km (Bonn Lobith) 200 m profile distance
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
2D-Finite Element model for groundwater flow Made OPENMI-compliant by development of an interface (IFM) 2 models operated by RheinEnergie AG (left/right)
Existing models – FEFLOW (DHI-WASY)
260 km², 27615 nodes 197 km², 26140 nodes
left right
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Made OPENMI-
compliant by own development
FEFLOW 1
FEFLOW 2 OPENMI SOBEK 3.1
OPENMI-compliant, Cooperation with Deltares FEFLOW i
OPENMI coupling: technical aspects
…
FEFL
OW i
Porg
ram
mier
-sc
hnits
telle
IFM
OpenMI
OpenMI wrapper C#
Client C++, Qt
Server C++, Qt
Data, commands
FEFL
OW
i Pr
ogra
mm
ing
Inte
rfac
e IF
M
OPENM
I
OPENM
I wrapper
C#
Client C++, Qt
Server C++, Qt
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
OPENMI: exchange parameters
Surf
ace
flow
1-D
SO
BEK
G
roun
dwat
er fl
ow
FEFL
OW
Rhine
left right
Q h
h h Q Q
Water level Discharge
Per time steps
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
SOBEK grid-points
FEFLOW Leakage-nodes
Coupling via grid points
(SOBEK) to Leakage-nodes (FEFLOW)
Preprocessing: Semi-automatic coupling with „nearest-neighbour“-function in ArcMap
Coupling of water level h
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Coupling of discharge Q
Coupling via Leakage-
nodes (FEFLOW) to lateral discharge-points (SOBEK)
Preprocessing: Semi-automatic coupling with „nearest-neighbour“-function in ArcMap
SOBEK lateral discharge -points
FEFLOW Leakage-nodes
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run of the model coupling Moritz Kreyenschulte, M.Sc.
Test run
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Influence factors:
Water level in the river Duration of the flood event Initial groundwater level …
Test runs for different discharges and initial groundwater level
Test run
Reference: Becker (2013)
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run SOBEK
FEFLOW
q=c⋅(hR-hGW)
Q
hR
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
32075 32085 32095 32105 32115
Q [m³/s]
Time [d]
Test run
0
10
20
0 20000
h [m
]
Q [m³/s]
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run
Initial conditions groundwater level
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run
Q
h
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
32079 32084 32089 32094 32099 32104 32109D
isch
arge
[m³/s
]
Wat
er d
epth
[m]
Time [d]
h
Q
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run
Q
h
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
32079 32084 32089 32094 32099 32104 32109D
isch
arge
[m³/s
]
Wat
er d
epth
[m]
Time [d]
h
Q
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
32070 32075 32080 32085 32090 32095 32100 32105 32110
Q [m
³/s]
∆Q
[m³/s
]
Time
Differenz Abfluss [oGW-mGW]
Abfluss Zulauf
Effluent conditions
Influent conditions
Test run
woCoupling-wCoupling
outflow BC discharge
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run
DLH EM
WE
8633
Changing of initial conditions
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
32077 32082 32087 32092 32097 32102
h G[m
NN
]
Time [d]
Water depth river rhine
DLH
EM
WE
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Min. distance from ground level [m]
Max. Groundwater level [m]
Test run
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run – double peak
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
3207
7
3208
7
3209
7
3210
7
3211
7
3212
7
3213
7
Dis
char
ge[m
³/s]
Time [d]
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Subsurface flood: the creeping flood
Set-up of a coupled 1d-hydraulic model with groundwater models via OPENMI
First results of the coupled system for the Cologne area
Further validation and calibration of
the model during high water in river Rhine
Summary and Outlook
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
An operational forecasting system for subsurface flood in the city of Cologne
Delft Software Days 2014
Dr.-Ing. Daniel Bachmann (Deltares, formerly IWW) Moritz Kreyenschulte, M.Sc. RWTH (IWW) Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Schüttrumpf (IWW)
Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management (IWW) RWTH Aachen University
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Back Up
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Next steps: Further validation and calibration of the model during
high water in river Rhine Set up of groundwater measuring stations with data
logger
Possibilities: Model can be used for forecasting / scenario analysis /
urban land-use planning Flood risk maps for groundwater
Applications of results
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run – Scenario 3
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
3207
7
3208
7
3209
7
3210
7
3211
7
3212
7
3213
7
Dis
char
ge[m
³/s]
Time [d]
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
32077 32087 32097 32107 32117 32127
h G [m
NN
]
Time [d]
Water depth river rhine
DLH
EM
WE
Validation – Scenario 3
DLH EM
WE
8633
Changing of initial conditions
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Time of occurence of the maximum groundwater levels [d]
Validation – Scenario 3
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
-10 10 30 50 70
Num
bero
fpoi
nts
Time of occurence of max. h [d]
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
hR (SOBEK)
Direction of flow
River rhine
Groundwater
Q (FEFLOW)
Test run
Leakage activated
( )
⋅−⋅=
smmhhcq GR
³1
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
hR (SOBEK)
Direction of flow
River rhine
Groundwater
Q (FEFLOW)
Test run
Leakage activated
( )
⋅−⋅=
smmhhcq GR
³1
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Initial conditions Using data from X measuring stations Automatic optimization using an ant colony algorithm
Boundary conditions Are set in the existing models Stationary BC Changes to well BC shall be considered Precipitation should be taken into account Additional flood plains in the hinterland should be taken
into account
Groundwater model
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Initial conditions Measured water level at measuring stations Interpolation using „Kölner Pegel“ Generated set up gained from calculations Does it matter? Do the results change significantly?
Boundary conditions Forecast of discharge at the city of Bonn Forecast is done by Hochwassermeldezentrum Mainz (Flood report Centre Mainz)
River Rhine
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Auto boot of all models by OpenMI Automatic input of initial conditions (FEFLOW) Automatic input of ground level (digital terrain model) Output of (max.) groundwater levels, (min.) distance of
groundwater table to surface, time of occurence of max. groundwater levels (FEFLOW-Client)
Output of OpenMI-exchange parameter (h, Q) for every node and timestep
Output of log-files for Client and Server Error-Treatment
Additional implementations
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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
SOBEK FEFLOW
GUI OpenMI
OpenMI coupling
Additional information in shell