Dry Filter Unit (DFU) Overview Dry Filter Unit (DFU) Overview Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren...

Surface Warfare Center Division

Dry Filter Unit (DFU)Dry Filter Unit (DFU)OverviewOverview

Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren DivisionNaval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division


AgendaAgenda

BW Agents and Threat

DFU Overview

HHA/DoD Biological Sampling Kit Overview

DFU Detection and Reliability

CONOPS

Issues

Summary


Biological Weapon AgentsBiological Weapon Agents


Biological Agent WeaponizationBiological Agent Weaponization


BW Agents: Bacteria, Rickettsia, VirusesBW Agents: Bacteria, Rickettsia, Viruses


BW Agents: ToxinsBW Agents: Toxins


Biological Warfare ThreatBiological Warfare Threat

Most Efficient and Likely Means of Delivering a BW Agent to Target Is in Form of an Aerosol

Aerosols Can Be Delivered on Target Without Any Indication of Their Presence

Enemy Is Unlikely to Send Warning Prior to Delivery

Aerosol Sampling/Collection and Identification Is the Only Means of Determining the Presence of an Aerosol


Dry Filter UnitDry Filter Unit

Biological Air Sampler

Collect and Concentrate Biological Particulates From Ambient Air

Ambient Air Drawn Through 1 Micron Polyester Felt Filter at the Rate of ~ 1000 Liters/min Via Electrical Blower

Human Breathing Rate ~ 15 Liters/min ( DFU “Breathes” ~ 67 X More Particles)

Recommend Collection Time: 1-12 Hours

Filter Placed Into Buffer Solution, Shaken to Extract Particles, and Analyzed Using HHA for Presumptive Identification of BW Agents

Detection Sensitivity of DFU/HHA System: 20-35 ACPLA Minutes

ACPLA = Agent-Containing-Particle-Per-Liter-Air

Well Characterized for Anthrax and Bg (Simulant)

Additional Testing Being Conducted for Other Agents


DFU Functional DiagramDFU Functional Diagram

Filter (Concentrates Particles)

Flow (Q)= Velocity (V) x Area (A)Flow= 1000 liters/min (28 cfm)

Intake Exhaust

Airborne Particles


DFU Filter ExtractionDFU Filter Extraction

Filter

Buffer Solution

Filter in Buffer

Solution

Filter and Particlesin Buffer Solution

After “Quick Shake” Extraction


Suspect Agent

Collect Sample PrepPresumptive Identification

Confirmatory Sample

4-5 ml sample

1-12 hours 15 min2 min

Filter Disk and Accessories

HHA

DFU 1000

DFU Operational ConceptDFU Operational Concept


DFU Specifications DFU Specifications FEATURES BENEFITS

High Volume Sampling @ 1000 L/min with 1-micron Polyester Felt Filter

Effective Collection of Low Concentration Aerosol Conditions

Portable, Self Contained Unit One-Person Portable Carrying Case

Collects Bio-Particulates from Ambient Air

Effectively Captures 1 Micron and Larger Particles

Size- 15” (H) x 13” (W) x 13” (D) Compatible with Standard Bio Analytical Techniques (e.g. HHAs, ELISA, PCR, etc.)

Weight- 42 Lbs. (with 10’ Cord & Air Silencer)

Everything Needed for Sampling is On-Board

Simple to Operate Minimal Training (15 Minutes) & Maintenance Required

Successfully Tested at Edgewood, MD and the ABT Facility in Columbus, OH

Rated for Continuous Duty (40,000 hour life) and Completely Weather Tight

5.6 Amps @ 120 VAC (23 Amps Startup) 120 VAC Power

Common Power Source


DFU 1000 DFU 1000


DFU 1000 ComponentsDFU 1000 Components

Air Outlet

Filter

Filter AssemblyInlet Stack

Lid

Latch

Casing

Warning Labels

Power Connection

Power Connection Cover

Exhaust Hose


DFU KitDFU Kit


Hand Held Assay (HHA)Hand Held Assay (HHA)

Provides Presumptive ID of BW Agents in Suspect Samples

Same Format as Home Pregnancy Test

Simple Operation, Inexpensive, Single Use

Results in 15 Minutes

Reliable

Rigorous QA/QC Testing

Low False Positive Rate

Presumptive ID Component in Currently Fielded and Developmental Joint BW Detection Systems (Portal Shield, JBPDS, DoD Biological Detection System, DFU)

Shelf Life: 2 Years at Refrigerated Temperatures (4°C)

Do Not Freeze

Panel of 8 HHAs


Presumptive ID of BW Agents: Contamination Detection After a BW Attack Quick Screen of Suspect Packages/Samples (Analogous to M8

Paper) Contents

Panel of 8 HHAs (10 Available) Conical Tube Containing:

• Bottle of Buffer Solution

• Sterile Cotton Swabs Basic Instructions

Cost: $52 Good Shelf Life One-Time Use Only Training Kits and Interactive Training CD-ROM Available

DoD Biological Sampling KitDoD Biological Sampling Kit

DOD DOD

Biological SamplingBiological Sampling

Kit Kit

Training CD-ROM

Used by Capitol Police to Positively Identify Senator Daschle Letter! Used by Capitol Police to Positively Identify Senator Daschle Letter!

Never Used as the Sole Basis for Agent IdentificationNot for Diagnostic Use


Biological Detection CONOPSBiological Detection CONOPS

Threat and Risk Assessment

Sampling Location(s)

Sampling Frequency

Collection Time

Sample Preparation

Presumptive Identification (HHA)

Information Management/Decision Authority

Confirmatory Sample Transportation/Testing (PCR)

Operational Modes


Threat and Risk AssessmentThreat and Risk Assessment

Geographical Location

Intelligence

Force Protection Condition

Weather Conditions

Threat Identification (Specifics)

Delivery Mechanisms

Ship Vulnerabilities

Credible Risk Scenarios

Countermeasures


DFU CONOPSDFU CONOPS

The DFU/HHA System Will Be Employed in Order to Provide Biological Sampling and Presumptive Identification Capability

Can Provide “Detect to Treat” Capability

Operational Concept Will Depend On:

Geographical Location

Threat Condition

Vulnerability

Contamination Avoidance Phase (Pre, Initial, Post Involvement)

Weather Conditions

Commander Discretion

Operational Locations :

Base Camp


DFU OperationsDFU Operations

External Sampling

Dry Filter Units should be placed in locations where there will be a high concentration of agents in the event of an attack

Easy access for retrieving filters for analysis

1-12 hour collection time/analysis cycle

Internal Sampling

Dry Filter Units should be placed in vicinity under suspicion

Compartments receiving outside supplies

Mission critical spaces

1-12 hour collection time/analysis cycle

Sampling Frequency/Collection Time

I, II, III, IV Operational Modes


DFU Operational ModesDFU Operational Modes

Guidelines for Sampling Frequency and Collection Times

I – Area of Known or Suspected Biological Threat

II - Area of Known or Possible Biological Threat

III - Biological Attack Probable

IV - Biological Attack Imminent/Post Attack/Decon

0000 1200 2400

0000 1200 240018000600

0000 0600 1200 1800 2400

0000 0400 0800 1200 1600 2000 2400


DFU 1000 Operating ProceduresDFU 1000 Operating Procedures

Setup/Installation

Filter Preparation

Collection

Retrieve Filters

Sample Preparation

Presumptive Identification Testing (HHAs)

DFU 1000 Operators Manual


DFU IssuesDFU Issues

SEC

How many DFUs?

Where to install them?

Sampling Schedule?

Logistics

Storage of HHAs (Refrigeration) and DFU Kits

Personnel

Training

Decon of Equipment


SummarySummary

BW Threat to US Forces is Real

DFUs/HHAs (Coupled with Confirmatory Analysis) Offer Best Available BW Detection Capability

Inexpensive

Easy to Use

Reliable

Available Immediately – Units Fielded and in Production

Dry Filter Unit (DFU) Overview Dry Filter Unit (DFU) Overview Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren...

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