Dry Cow Therapy, Mastitis and Milk -

Enhancement

Nissim Silanikove, Agricultural , Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Research Organization, Institute of

Animal Science, Israel.Animal Science, Israel.

Gabriel Leitner, The Veterinary Institute, Israel, The Veterinary Institute, Israel

MastitisMastitisMastitis affects one third of all dairy cows annually ¹

 

Conventional Organic

U. K. 37.1 34.7

¹ National Mastitis Council, Current Concepts in Bovine Mastitis, Madison, WI, 1996.

Mastitis Costs

Mastitis costs the U.S. dairy industry over $2 Billion annually (W L Hurley, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 2001.)

The worldwide estimated cost of mastitis to the dairy industry is $10.34 Billion annually .

Current Drug TreatmentCurrent Drug Treatment

Milk Enhancement - Posilac .

Dry Cow Treatment - Antibiotics .

Mastitis - Antibiotics .

Milk Withdrawal - Antibiotics

Total Milk Losses Per Cow Treated

Milk Loss and Cost of Discard Milk

Milk Loss60 lb/d

Cost ofDiscard Milk

Pirsue®150$18.00

Dariclox®180$21.60

Amoxi-Mast®

210$25.20

Dariclox®270$32.40

Pirsue®300$36.00

The Physiological Basis

Dramatic activation of the innate immune system within 8 hours

Secretion of large number of activated neutrophils.

Enhanced secretion of immunoglobulins.

Formation of bactericide environment:Secretion of antimicrobial proteins and free radicals formation.

Drastic reduction in lactose and citrate concentration: elimination of food for bacteria.

Treatment procedures

Repeat the treatment twice over two days.

Don’t milk between treatments.

After the last treatment the gland is not milked until the next lactation.

Evacuate the treated gland and infuse the drug into the cistern.

CNH in Goats: Precipitous drying of milk secretion only in the treated gland

Silanikove et al, Life Sci., 2002

Effect of CNH treatments (1 to 3) of single glands in 60 cows on post-treatment SCC and milk yield within the same

lactation

SCC (×1000) frequencies after treatment with CNH

SCC level 0 – 200 201 – 400 >401

Clinical 22% 8% 0

Subclinical 70 % 12% 8%

Total 92% 10% 8%

SCC (×1000) frequencies after treatment of single glands in 60 cows with CNH in the

following lactation

Reminder : pretreatment average SCC was 1,210.2

100 25.9%

101 - 200 53.3%

201 - 400 19.9%

401 10.8%

Bacterial cure after treatment of single glands with CNH

648Total

215

010 pyogenesA .

14E. coli

26All Streptococcus

15S. aureus

Detected microorganism after

treatment

Detected microorganism before

treatment

Cure rate of 86% P > 0.01

CNS

Dry period and new infections

"For every 5 kg increase in milk yield at dry-off above 12.5 kg, the odds of cow having an environmental intramammary infection at calving increased at least by 77%".

Rajala-Schultz et al.; J Dairy Sci 2005; 88; 577-9

The risk of new intramammary infections might be reduced if milk production decreased prior to dry off, the udder involuted rapidly, and the teat canal closed in a timely manner".

R.T. Dingwell et al. 2001; National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings, pp. 69-79; NMC, Verona, Wisconsin

ARO technology

Dry period: Treatment procedures

Treat all glands with or without antibiotics

Evacuate the treated gland and infuse the drug into the cistern.

Histology of gland treated with casein hydrolyzate (CNH) vs. non-treated gland

Control GlandTreated Gland

Experimental structure: animals (number and types), treatments, and periods

PeriodTimeAnimalsNumberTreatment

1Aug. 04 - Aug. 05heifers74None

cows111Naf. DC

2Sep. 05 - June 06heifers56None

cows98Naf. DC + CNH

control cows17Naf. DC

3July 06 - April 07heifers48None

cows89Naf. DC

Bacterial status (infected, noninfected, chronic, clinic and cured) in period 2 (following Nafpenzal DC+ CNH at DCT) and period 3 (following Nafpenzal DC)

Period 2Period 3P [χ2]

Before drying off

Cow/glands 92/368 83/332

Uninfected326/368 (88.6)274/332 (82.5)

Infected 42/368 (11.4) 58/332 (17.5)

Postpartum

Uninfected1312/326 (95.7)259/274 (94.5)NS

Chronic2 14/326 (4.3) 15/274 (5.5)

clinic3 28/326 (8.6 20/274 (7.3)

Cured4 31/42 (73.8) 30/58 (51.7)0.02

Not Cured 5 11/42 (26.2) 28/58 (48.3)

1 Uninfected quarter before drying off and uninfected at parturition. 2 New Infection, chronic – Infection was detected during parturition and in the first 100 days in the new lactation: The same udders were uninfected before drying off.3 New Infection, clinical – Infection was detected during the first month after parturition and remained for the first 100 days in the new lactation: The same udders were uninfected before drying off.4Cure – Bacteria detected in the month preceding dry off was not detected in the same udder during the first 100 days of lactation5 Not Cured – The reciprocal of cured: Bacteria detected in given udders in the month preceding dry off was also detected in the same udder during the first 100 days of the subsequent lactation.

1 2 34000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Milk

yie

ld d

urin

g fir

st 5

mon

ths

of la

ctat

ion

(kg)

Period

+9.9% +6.3%

+2.0%/year

+2.0%/year

1 2 34000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Milk

yie

ld d

urin

g fir

st 5

mon

ths

of la

ctat

ion

(kg)

Period

+9.9% +6.3%

+2.0%/year

+2.0%/year

0 50 100 150 200 250 30010

20

30

40

50

60

70 Lactation: First (14,773 L) Second (10,614 L) Third (after treatment)

Milk

yie

ld (

L)

Days in milk

Cow 2425

0 50 100 150 200 250 30010

20

30

40

50

60

70

Milk

yie

ld (

L)

Days in milk

Lactation: First (12,460 L) Second (10,639 L) Third (12,106 L) Forth (after treatment)

Cow 2331

Conclusions

CNH is effective as a dry period treatment: eradicates existing infections, prevents new infections and lowers SCC.

CNH gained high rate of bacterial cure, with secretion of milk with low SCC during the next lactation cycle.

CNH improve dramatically milk hygiene immediately, without the need to discard milk from the uninfected gland.

CNH is effective where no alternative treatments exist.

CNH increases milk yield similar to growth hormone .

CNH has the potential to shortens the length of the dry period without adversely affecting milk yield in the subsequent lactation .

.