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Transcript of Drugs
Drugs in viva
Drugs in viva
Kripali rai080201336
Kripali rai080201336
Catogaries:• Emergency drugs• Antibiotics• Drugs in asthama• Steroids• Anticonvulsants• Cardiac drugs
antibiotics• Ceftazidime, cefotaxime.• Procaine penicillin, benzyl
penicillin, benzathin penicillin, ampicillin.
• Gentamycin, amikacin, streptomycin.
Cephalosporins:• Ceftazidime :
3rdgeneration(pseudomonas). route: parentral. side effects: neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, ↑ serum transaminase and blood urea.
use: febrile neutropenia.
Cephalosporins:• Cefotaxime: not active against
anaerobes route: parentral indications: meningitis, life
threatening resistant/ hospital acquired infection,septicemia & infections in immunocompromised.
Cephalosporins:Adverse effects:• Pain (thrombophlebitis)• Diarrhoea• Hypersenstivity• Nephrotoxicity• Bleeding• Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
Cephalosporins:Uses:• Alternative to PnG• Respiratory, soft tissue & urinary
infections,Septicemia.• Surgical prophylaxis• Gonorrhoea,thyphoid• Hospital acquired infections &
infections in neutropenic patients.
ß-lactam antibiotics:Penicillin-g(benzyl penicillin):• Narrow spectrum gram +ve.• Route: intravenous.• Short acting.• Dose: mild infections :50,000U–
100,000U/kg/day in divided doses every 4-6 hrsX7 days.
Severe infections :200,000U– 600,000U/kg/day in divided doses every 2-6 hrsX14 days.
ß-lactam antibiotics:Procaine penicillin :• Route: intramuscular.• Long acting.• Dose: 150,000 – 300,000U IM OD
or BID X7 days.
ß-lactam antibiotics:Benzathene penicillin:• Route: intramuscular.• Long acting.• Dose: 0.6 – 1.2million U IM
monthly.
ß-lactam antibiotics:Adverse effects:• Local irritancy & direct toxicity.• Hypersensitivity.• Jarisch-herxheimer reaction.
ß-lactam antibiotics:Uses:• Streptococcal, pneumococcal,
meningococcal infections.• Syphillis, diphtheria, tetanus and
gas gangrene.• Rare infections.• Prophylactic uses: RF, bacterial
endocarditis, agranulocytosis.
ß-lactam antibiotics:Ampicillin: oral/IV/IM• Uses: UTI. respiratory infections. meningitis. gonorrhoea. typhoid, cholecystitis. bacillary desentry. SABE. septicaemias.
Aminoglycosides:Streptomycin: gram –ve• Route: intramuscular.• Uses: tuberculosis(15mg/kg). SABE. plague. tularemia.
TuberculocidalActs on extracellular bacilliCategory ІІ in initial phase (3Xper week)
Aminoglycosides:Gentamycin: more potent broader
spectrum.• Route: parentral/eye drops/skin
creams.• Uses: respiratory infections.
pseudomonas,klebsiella/proteus meningitis. SABE.
Aminoglycosides:• Amikacin: widest spectrum
Aminoglycosides:Adverse effects:• Ototoxicity.• Nephrotoxicity.• Neuromuscular blockage.• Foetal ototoxicity during
pregnancy.• Avoid: amphotericin B,
vancomycin, cyclosporin, cysplatin.
Asthalin respules:• Inhalation through mouth via a
suitable nebulizer.• beta 2 -agonist providing short-
acting (4-6 hours) bronchodilatation with a fast onset (within 5 minutes) in reversible airways obstruction.
• 10%-20% of the dose reaches the lower airways.
Asthalin respules:• Measured amount of drug + NS
2.5-3ml.• Minimum starting dose: 0.5 ml
(2.5 mg of salbutamol), diluted to 2-2.5 ml with sterile NS (<12 yrs).
Rotahaler:
Rotahaler:
Dextrose:• Hypoglycemia.• 0.5 g/kg (2 mL/kg of 25%
dextrose) IV infusion over 2-3mins.
• 1 mg glucagon SC/IM.