DRUG STUDY

Generic Name:Cefuroxime Date Ordered: February 27, 2012

Brand name: N/A Ordering Physician: Dr. Adonis Patricio

Classification:Anti-infective(2nd generation cephalosporins)

Mechanism of Action: Bind to bacterial cell wall membrane causing cell death

Desired effect: it was used to treat the UTI of the client

Dossage,route and frequency:50 mg tab,PO,BID

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Before:

Check the doctor’s order. To verify the order of the doctor and to

know the right drug, dosage and

frequency as well as the right patient.

Prepare the materials needed Preparing all the materials prior conserve

time, energy and effort.

During:

Ask the full name of the client To verify right patient

Explain the mechanism of action of the

drug

To alleviate patient’s anxiety and for the

client to be cooperative

Administer the drug with full stomach To avoid irritation of the stomach

After

Report to the doctor if itchiness and

diarrhea will occur

These are some of the adverse effects of

the drugs that needs medical attention

Record to the patient’s chart To provide continuity of care and avoid

overdose

Maintain proper personal hygiene To avoid further infection

Encourage the client to eat foods rich in

vitamin C

Vitamin C will boost immune system

thus easier to combat the invading

microorganisms

Encourage the client to use face mask Since during infection, immune system is

low impaired, thus the client is at risk of

developing other infections

Prevent the client from having in contact

with people who have communicable

illnesses

Since the client’s immune system is

impaired, the patient is susceptible in

acquiring other infections

Increase the oral fluid intake of the client To promote excretion of the drug

Generic Name:Celecoxib Date Ordered: February 27, 2012

Brand name: N/A Ordering Physician: Dr. Adonis Patricio

Classification: NSAID (Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug)

Mechanism of Action: It inhibits the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins

while having no effect on the formation of prostaglandins that mediate the normal

homeostasis in the GI tract, kidneys and platelets catalysed by COX-1.

Desired effect: It was used to alleviate the back pain experienced by the patient

Dossage,route and frequency:200 mg /tab, PO, TID PRN x pain

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Before:

Check the doctor’s order. To verify the order of the doctor and to

know the right drug, dosage and

frequency as well as the right patient.

Prepare the materials needed Preparing all the materials prior conserve

time, energy and effort.

During:

Ask the full name of the client To verify right patient

Explain the mechanism of action of the

drug

To alleviate patient’s anxiety and for the

client to be cooperative

Administer the drug before meals Since the absorption of the drug increase

when taken with foods.

After

Report to the doctor if abdominal pain,

nausea and vomiting will occur after

administration

These are some of the adverse effects of

the drugs that needs medical attention

Record to the patient’s chart To provide continuity of care and avoid

overdose

Administer Anti-TB drugs as ordered M. tuberculosis causes the spine to

collapse compressing the spinal nerves

thus causing pain.

Monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit

concentration of the blood

Since this drug can cause bleeding

Increase fluid intake To facilitate excretion of the drug

Generic Name:Ranitidine Date Ordered: February 27, 2012

Brand name: N/A Ordering Physician: Dr. Adonis Patricio

Classification:anti-ulcer agents,Gastric acid secretion inhibitors

Mechanism of Action: It inhibits the action of histamine at the H2-receptor site

located primarily in gastric parietal cells resulting in inhibition of gastric acid

secretion

Desired effect: To treat the ulcer of the patient

Dossage,route and frequency:150 mg/tab, PO,BID

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Before:

Check the doctor’s order. To verify the order of the doctor and to

know the right drug, dosage and

frequency as well as the right patient.

Prepare the materials needed Preparing all the materials prior conserve

time, energy and effort.

During:

Ask the full name of the client To verify right patient

Explain the mechanism of action of the

drug

To alleviate patient’s anxiety and for the

client to be cooperative

Administer the drug with meals or just

after meals

To prolong the effect of the drug.

After

Record to the patient’s chart To provide continuity of care and avoid

overdose

Monitor the blood components of the

patient

Since this drug can cause agranulocytosis

and aplastic anemia.

Encourage increase in intake of fiber. Since this drug can cause constipation

Increase oral fluid intake Increase in oral fluid intake can soften the

stool thus preventing constipation

Report to the physician if black tarry

stools, fever, rash, confusion or

hallucination will occur

This are the adverse reactions of the

drugs that needs immediate action

Generic Name: Tramadol Date Ordered: February 27, 2012

Brand name: N/A Ordering Physician: Dr. Adonis Patricio

Classification: Analgesic

Mechanism of Action: It binds mu-opiod receptors

Desired effect: it was used to alleviate the back pain experienced by the patient

Dossage,route and frequency:25 mg IV q 8 hours

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Before:

Check the doctor’s order. To verify the order of the doctor and to

know the right drug, dosage and

frequency as well as the right patient.

Prepare the materials needed Preparing all the materials prior conserve

time, energy and effort.

During:

Ask the full name of the client To verify right patient

Explain the mechanism of action of the

drug

To alleviate patient’s anxiety and for the

client to be cooperative

Check the BP and respiratory rate of the

client before administration of the drug

Since this drug can cause vasodilation

thus can cause decrease in BP and can

cause respiratory depression

After

Record to the patient’s chart To provide continuity of care and avoid

overdose

Teach the client how to do deep breathing

and coughing exercises

This drug can cause respiratory

depression which can lead to atelectasis.

Increase oral fluid intake This will soften the stool thus avoiding

constipation

Increase intake of fiber rich foods To have roughage in the stool thus

preventing constipation.

Avoid lying on the area that is affected Pressure will cause the nerve endings that

are affected to be irritated causing more

pain.

Generic Name: Omeprazole Date Ordered: March 13, 2012

Brand name: N/A Ordering Physician: Dr. Adonis Patricio

Classification: Anti-ulcer drugs

Mechanism of Action: Binds to an enzyme on gastric parietal cells in the presence of

acidic gastric pH, preventing the final transport to hydrogen ions into gastric lumens

Desired effect: It was used to treat the ulcer of the client

Dossage,route and frequency: 20 mg IV BID

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Before:

Check the doctor’s order. To verify the order of the doctor and to

know the right drug, dosage and

frequency as well as the right patient.

Prepare the materials needed Preparing all the materials prior conserve

time, energy and effort.

During:

Ask the full name of the client To verify right patient

Explain the mechanism of action of the

drug

To alleviate patient’s anxiety and for the

client to be cooperative

Administer drugs before meals Since the drug is easily absorbed when

the stomach is empty

After

Record to the patient’s chart To provide continuity of care and avoid

overdose

Monitor the AST, ALT, alkaline

phosphate and bilirubin.

Since this drug can cause liver

dysfunction.

Increase oral fluid intake This will soften the stool thus avoiding

constipation

Increase intake of fiber rich foods To have roughage in the stool thus

preventing constipation.

Report if there is black tarry stool,

diarrhea, abdominal pain and persistent

headache

These are the adverse effects of the drug

that needs immediate attention.

Generic Name: Amlodipine Date Ordered: March 20,2012

Brand name: N/A Ordering Physician: Dr. Adonis Patricio

Classification: Calcium Channel Blockers

Mechanism of Action: it inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial muscle

cells, resulting in inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and subsequent

contraction which causes vasodilation

Desired effect: To lower the blood pressure of the patient

Dossage,route and frequency:10 mg, PO, OD

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Before:

Check the doctor’s order. To verify the order of the doctor and to

know the right drug, dosage and

frequency as well as the right patient.

Prepare the materials needed Preparing all the materials prior conserve

time, energy and effort.

During:

Ask the full name of the client To verify right patient

Explain the mechanism of action of the

drug

To alleviate patient’s anxiety and for the

client to be cooperative

Check the BP and respiratory rate of the

client before administration of the drug.

The BP must not be lower than 90 mmHg

Since this drug causes further decrease in

BP

After

Record to the patient’s chart To provide continuity of care and avoid

overdose

Teach the client how to do deep breathing

and coughing exercises

This drug can cause respiratory

depression which can lead to atelectasis.

Increase intake of fiber rich foods To have roughage in the stool thus

preventing constipation.

Avoid lying on the area that is affected Pressure will cause the nerve endings that

are affected to be irritated causing more

pain.

Generic Name: Clonidine Date Ordered: March 23,2012

Brand name: N/A Ordering Physician: Dr. Adonis Patricio

Classification: Anti-Hypertensives (adrenergics)

Mechanism of Action: Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the CNS which results

in decreased sympathetic outflow inhibiting cardioacceleration and vasoconstriction

centers

Desired effect: To decrease the blood pressure of the patient

Dossage,route and frequency:75 mg OD if BP≥ 160/100

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Before:

Check the doctor’s order. To verify the order of the doctor and to

know the right drug, dosage and

frequency as well as the right patient.

Prepare the materials needed Preparing all the materials prior conserve

time, energy and effort.

During:

Ask the full name of the client To verify right patient

Explain the mechanism of action of the

drug

To alleviate patient’s anxiety and for the

client to be cooperative

After

Record to the patient’s chart To provide continuity of care and avoid

overdose

Give the drug same time each day To maintain the effect of the drug

Encourage patient to avoid sudden

movements

To decrease orthostatic hypotension

Provide oral care Since dry mouth might occur

Increase foods rich in fiber To avoid constipation

Generic Name: HRZE Date Ordered: February 27,2012

Brand name: N/A Ordering Physician: Dr. Adonis Patricio

Classification: Anti-Tubercular

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the synthesis RNA by blocking RNA transcription in

susceptible organisms

Desired effect: To treat Tuberculosis of the client

Dossage,route and frequency: 1 tab/day

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Before:

Check the doctor’s order. To verify the order of the doctor and to

know the right drug, dosage and

frequency as well as the right patient.

Prepare the materials needed Preparing all the materials prior conserve

time, energy and effort.

During:

Ask the full name of the client To verify right patient

Explain the mechanism of action of the

drug

To alleviate patient’s anxiety and for the

client to be cooperative

After

Record to the patient’s chart To provide continuity of care and avoid

overdose

Inform the patient that it is normal that

her bloody fluids will be colored red

To alleviate the anxiety of the client if her

bloody fluids are discolored

Encourage the client to use a face mask To avoid transferring the organism and to

avoid other infections since the patient’s

immune system is depressed

Administer the medication following the Since missing one dose might cause

prescribed course resistance

Encourage the client to increase intake of

foods rich in calories and protein

Since Mycobacterium Tubercle is a very

competitive microorganism that competes

with the body’s nutrients

Increase intake of foods rich in Viamin-C To boost the immune system

Generic Name: Ferrous Sulfate Date Ordered: February 27,2012

Brand name: N/A Ordering Physician: Dr. Adonis Patricio

Classification: Iron Supplements

Mechanism of Action: Iron is an essential mineral found in hemoglobin, myoglobin,

and many enzynmes. It enters the blood stream and is transported to the organs of the

reticuloendothelial system where it is separated out and becomes part of iron stores.

Desired effect: to increase RBC production of the client

Dossage,route and frequency:1 tab,OD

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Before:

Check the doctor’s order. To verify the order of the doctor and to

know the right drug, dosage and

frequency as well as the right patient.

Prepare the materials needed Preparing all the materials prior conserve

time, energy and effort.

During:

Ask the full name of the client To verify right patient

Explain the mechanism of action of the

drug

To alleviate patient’s anxiety and for the

client to be cooperative

After

Record to the patient’s chart To provide continuity of care and avoid

overdose

Increase intake of foods rich in Iron To increase Iron stores

Increase intake of foods rich in Vitamin-

C

To facilitate faster absorption

Increase oral fluid intake To avoid constipation

Inform client that it is normal to dark

stools

This supplement can cause darkening of

the stool

Generic Name: Paracetamol Date Ordered: February 27,2012

Brand name: N/A Ordering Physician: Dr. Adonis Patricio

Classification: non-opioid analgesic

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin that may serve as

mediators of pain and fever, primarily in the CNS

Desired effect: to alleviate back pain of the patient

Dossage,route and frequency: 50 mg/tab, 1 tab q 4 hours oral, for pain

Nursing Interventions Rationale

Before:

Check the doctor’s order. To verify the order of the doctor and to

know the right drug, dosage and

frequency as well as the right patient.

Prepare the materials needed Preparing all the materials prior conserve

time, energy and effort.

During:

Ask the full name of the client To verify right patient

Explain the mechanism of action of the

drug

To alleviate patient’s anxiety and for the

client to be cooperative

After

Record to the patient’s chart To provide continuity of care and avoid

overdose

Let the patient perform relaxation

techniques such as deep breathing

technique.

To promote relaxation

Instruct the patient to do diversional

activities.

To divert the attention of the patient from

the pain felt

Emphasize complete bed rest To further promote recovery and rest