Drug Problem Thailand based

Drug Problem

Thailand Based Submit to

Assoc. Prof. Dr.Prapat Thepchatree

…

Drug problem research team (Group 10)

Tanakom Muangsakul 5122790124

Chayut Bhamornsuwan 5122790645

Thesis Denchartphan 5122790306

Ariyachai Chaimanat 5122790389

Harich Nuntachote 5122770084

Sittan Sathianphattanakool 5122779092

Nunchanok Daolomchan 5122790132

Thammachart Tula 5122800568

Vorapong Supaksirichot 5122790751

Nirach Wasusopon 5022800148

Jinnawat Pinchai 5422800433

19/09/11 Drug Problem in Thailand Report 2

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 4

Historical Drug Background .............................................................................................. 4

In Thailand ................................................................................................................... 5

In International ............................................................................................................ 6

Common types of drug in this moment and their effect ................................................... 9

Drug and Society ........................................................................................................... 11

The cause of drug problems ................................................................................................................ 12

From Seller ..................................................................................................................... 12

Why sell drug in Thailand ........................................................................................... 12

Drugs trafficking ....................................................................................................... 15

Modus operation/Routes ............................................................................................ 18

Criminal operation/Syndicate ..................................................................................... 19

From Buyer .................................................................................................................... 21

Cause of Thai people’s drug addict ............................................................................. 21

Thai people addict case ............................................................................................. 22

Illegal drug analysis ....................................................................................................... 23

Attempt to solve the problem ............................................................................................................... 24

Royal Duties ................................................................................................................... 24

Government, Official and Agencies ................................................................................. 27

National drug control strategy .................................................................................... 27

Government policies ................................................................................................... 27

Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra ................................................................... 27

Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva ......................................................................... 28

Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra .................................................................... 29

International/Regional Cooperation ............................................................................. 30

Information sharing and resource ............................................................................... 35

Legal Framework to combat Drugs (Laws) ................................................................... 35

Law enforcement Agencies .......................................................................................... 37

Arrest/Seizure/Raids/Operations (Statistic in Thailand) .............................................. 41

Statistic of arrest in ASEAN .......................................................................................... 44

Arrest forfeiture .......................................................................................................... 45

Solution ........................................................................................................................................................... 46

Treatment and Rehabilitation ........................................................................................ 46

Drug addict’s treatment and rehabilitation of Yingluck Government Policy ..................... 49

Drug rehabilitation of WAT THAM KRABOK .................................................................... 49

Relapse Prevention ......................................................................................................... 50

Why relapse prevention is necessary ........................................................................... 50

To solve social surrounding ........................................................................................ 50

Our Conclusion, recommendation and analysis .......................................................................... 51

Reference ....................................................................................................................................................... 52


Executive summary Impression to research Based on the seriousness of drug situation since Thailand has long been facing

the problem of illicit drug production, illicit drug trafficking and illicit drug consumption,

the Nation has placed drug control as the national agenda. The drug control policy has

been placed as the top priority of every Government.

But the problem the nation still face to seriousness of drug problem. So we need

to analyze the drug problem from drug seller and drug addict views.

Objective • Studying the background of drug problem and the effect to society. • To know common drug in this moment for create avoiding plan. • To know the origin of cause of problem from realistic seller and buyer. • Analyze the attempt to solve the problem from different way such as Royal

duties and Government. • Then improve the solution to solve problem.

Method and Methodology First of all, we study and find information to know the origin or background of

drug problem. Then collect the information of the cause of problem from Seller and buyer

view and make an analysis. After that we collect the attempt to solve the problem from

different source and organization.

Finally, We analyze all of the knowledge and improve the solution and finalize the

report and presentation.

Result of the research After we done all of the process, this report is benefit to study the background of

drug and deeply in drug situation of Thailand in this moment and to illustrate that why

drug problem is the most seriousness problem all of the time. In this report, Drug

abusers and addicts are regarded as "patients" who should receive appropriate treatment

and rehabilitation but the drug seller must be punished.


Introduction DRUG TRAFFICKING SITUATION IN THAILAND IN 2010 WAS MUCH DIFFERENT FROM 2009. HOWEVER, NUMBERS OF DRUG OFFENDERS AND DRUG CASES IN THIS YEAR WERE LOWER THAN LAST

YEAR’S BUT QUANTITIES OF SOME KINDS OF SEIZED DRUGS WERE IN HIGH VOLUME SUCH AS

KETAMINE, COCAINE, CRYSTALLIZED METHAMPHETAMINE OR ICE, AND METHAMPHETAMINE (YABA

PILL). METHAMPHETAMINE WAS STILL THE MAJOR DRUG IN THE COUNTRY WHILE ICE WAS

CONTINUALLY RISING. IRANIAN ICE TRAFFICKERS WERE CAUGHT FREQUENTLY AT THE AIRPORT IN

THIS PERIOD. MOREOVER, THE EMERGING OF COLD MEDICINE TABLETS CONTAINING PSEUDO-EPHEDRINE WAS NOTICED. IT HAD BEEN SEIZED IN LARGE QUANTITIES (SEVERAL MILLION TABLETS) SINCE LAST YEAR. IT WAS BELIEVED THAT THESE PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS WERE BEING

HIPPED TO THE DRUG PRODUCING SITES TO PRODUCE METHAMPHETAMINE. ACCORDING TO THE

CONCERNED DRUG TRAFFICKERS, THE WEST AFRICAN DRUG NETWORKS ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN

SHIFTING HEROINE FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA TO OTHER REGIONS.

Historical Drug Background

In Thailand Human related to drugs for a long time ago. The first type that occurs in Thailand

is opium.

From the evident the Opium occur in Thailand in Pra jao U-thong the king of Ayudhya around 1903 or 600 years ago. That appeared in law. From this law said person who consume, sale, eat have to be punish for forfeit wife child assets to state property. Although the punishment is so high penalty but it have Unauthorized trading occur for the time. So some head of state is addicted to opium or vendor of opium. The result is Ayudhya cannot quit from the opium. In the period of Rattanakosin, Rama1 Legislate to stop vendor or consume but it is ineffective. In Rama2 He determine higher penalty. In Rama3 is the period, England get opium from India and sale to Chinese so more consumer in china and this period

corresponding to many Chinese vendors go to Thailand So it cause of many drug addict in Thailand. So he tries to determine higher penalty. In Rama4 he see the penalty is not effective so he change the policy that is allow Chinese consume and sale in legal but they have to pay the tax so it become many revenue for Thailand around 400000 baht. And then in Rama5 the situation seem like rama4 and have many people consumed opium. Therefore Rama5 try to fix the tax policy cause to reduce drug addict but it is not effective In 2502 revolutionary group led by Sarit Thanarat. They consider about taking drug is scorn of society and it is dangerous for health any country try to stop taking strictly prohibited. So they try to prohibit opium addict in Thailand. Later they destroyed many opium that taken from people. Moreover they determine higher penalty. So in this period drug addict is illegal. In addition to that the government making drugs treatment for drugs addict. And repression is very strictly.


Executed is occur but drugs problem is not decrease and In addition, the drug has been transformed into Heroin. Which is produced by a change in the opium call “morphine” by chemical it more affects than opium, and Epidemic in Thailand. Found in September 2502. Heroin spread in old opium addict. Because they can easily to pump by burn in the paper lead and they do not need the pipe for pump. And does not have smell when they pump. And To escape the law, it is easier than smoke opium.

Historical drug background in Thailand in brief

Sukhothai Ayudhya Rattanakosin Rattanakosin 2498-present

• Product

from China

• No laws

• Product

from China.

• Begin widely

used

• Become

illegal

In Rama2

• Higher penalty

In Rama3

• Product from

China, more

trading and

trafficking by

“Aung Yi”

• The migration of

Chinese into

Thailand brings

many smokers.

Illegal.

• Suppression and

arrest so strictly.

In Rama4

• They are widely

popular. Legal for

Chinese people.

Apply tax system.

• Thai people

strictly

prohibited.

In Rama5

• : More illegal

trading. Set up

the Department

of opium.

In Rama6

• Opium is still

controlled by

the

government.

In Rama7

• Opium is still

widely popular.

• Government

provides a

store of opium

in some city.

In Sarit period

• Source of product

is Myanmar border.

• Termination of

government opium

stores.

• Become illegal.

• Switching from

opium to heroin

product.

• Amphetamine has a

serious epidemic

among the

workers.

Nowadays Drugs problem is appear in Thai people in many different styles.

In Hill tribes Northern of Thailand, Part of a career is opium cultivation. And most of these

people smoke the opium. Among people in rural areas has been smoking opium,

marijuana, amphetamine in widespread. The following problem is the spread of drug

addiction are now in country and Bangkok especially amphetamine which widely in most

community It is a big problem that everyone must work together to fix this problem.


In International

The British East India Company was instrumental in expanding the opium trade

towards the end of the 18th century. Founded in 1600, the British East India Company

was given monopoly on trade with the East Indies by the British Crown. Critical to the

opium trade was the British East India Company’s trade monopoly in Bengal and Bihar.

Bengal and Bihar were already important producers of opium. The monopoly aimed at

maximizing profits from opium. Therefore use policy Colonialism and Brought opium

from India to China does eventually come to the Opium War between China and England.

Opium exports from India to China rose from just 75 metric tons in 1775 to more than

2,500 tons in 1839.

The opium business turned out to be highly lucrative and not exclusively for

the British East India Company. From close to negligible amounts, the proportion of

opium in total Chinese imports rose to around 50% in the first decade of the 19th century

and remained at that level or higher for most of the rest of the 19th century. All of this

changed with the intensified trade in opium. The opium sold illegally in China

China attempted to prevent these opium imports by decisively going after the opium

smugglers, resulting in two so called ‘opium wars’, 1839-42 and 1856-60, in which China

was defeated.

China is surrender and the amount of compensation to the English Up to 21

million US dollars. Then Chinese were weaker. Until Chiang Kai-Shek. The executions of

people addicted to opium a lot.

The Chinese trade account eroded quickly under the pressure of the

legalization of opium imports and rising demand for opium in China. This impact was not

reversed until Chinese authorities gradually allowed domestic farmers to grow opium

poppy (after 1880). This policy was successful in reducing China’s trade deficit. After

1880, rising levels of domestic production helped to curb opium imports and thus

reduced the outflow of silver.


Production became pervasive and was reported from 20 Chinese provinces.

More than 40% of the total production (238,000 piculs or 14,400 tons, i.e. almost twice

the current opium production in Afghanistan) took place in the province of Szechwan,

followed by Yunnan (78,000 piculs or 4,700 tons). Yunnan province is located in southern

China, bordering Myanmar and Szechwan province is located north of Yunnan. In other

words, more than half of China’s opium production took place slightly to the North of the

geo- graphical area, which would become known as Golden Triangle (Myanmar, Laos and

Thailand).

Opium use also affected Chinese populations outside China. In the USA, for

instance, estimates suggested that 30% of adult males of Chinese origin were addicted to

opium smoking. Even higher proportions were reported for adult males of Chinese origin

living in Southeast Asian countries.


After 1933, Japan invaded China by using drug as a tool. So it makes China

more difficult drugs problem. Because more types of drug problems. In addition, opium

has spread everywhere. China was suppressing drug problem with Strong and decisive

way.

Then we will mention a history of drug abuse in Hong Kong and Japan. When

The Opium War between China and England and Hong Kong is the British colonized. It

makes lack of freedom in China because Hong Kong is like a face of China in term of

contact with the free world. In fact, the drug does not produce in Hong Kong. It was

smuggled from China Burma, Laos and Thailand. Formerly, it was smuggled into Hong

Kong.

Then produced into heroin in Hong Kong. But today most of heroin smuggled

into Hong Kong. Hong Kong is free port no tax for incoming and outgoing. Therefore the

inspection of product is not strictly omitting the illegal product. Hong Kong is like the

gateway to the east so it is a great source of the smuggled drugs exports. And if compare

amount if drug product with population considered that Hong Kong have many drugs

user too.

Although Hong Kong try to suppress strictly by establish Narcotics Bureau in

police department. And set up special unit to suppress the drugs (Special narcotics

section) in the department of trade and industry for suppresses the smuggling of drugs

into Hong Kong by stay at the airport to check passenger in and out. These two agencies

are coordinate and cooperate closely with agencies of various countries. According to

statistic the person who suspect in criminal case generally has 60percent is associated

with drugs just like in Thailand 58 percent associated with drugs. So Hong Kong

government has established a special prison on Kowloon side (TAI LAM PRISON) for

treatment of drug addict.

In Japan said they not have drugs problem before. Opium and morphine was

spread in japan when the war between China and Japan. Since that time the drugs has

spread rapidly and widely throughout in Japan. Until 2490 drugs problem in Japan more

serious drugs enforcement commission was announce that now Japan have to buy drugs

from aboard. By illegally import from Hong Kong and Taiwan. The number of drugs addict

in Japan is more than 200,000 people and increasing rapidly.


Common types drugs in this moment and their effects

1. Marijuana Cannabis

Marijuana cannabis is also known as Marry Jane. It is illegal drug that most consumed

in the world. After the cannabis saliva’s leaves and flowers are dried, they can be used to

smoke, added to foods and used to make tea. It is commonly added to a cigarette, and

informally called as a “spiff” or a “joint”. In the Western countries, they often bake

cannabis with brownies.

Sometimes marijuana is legally used in medication. Cancer, AIDS and glaucoma

patients claim that cannabis helps to relieve their symptoms.

Short-term effects: Cannabis gives feeling of relaxation, euphoria or drowsiness. It

can also make the consumer nervous or even paranoid. It may cause people to feel very

hungry after the consumption. Using cannabis affects the consumer short-term memory

and coordination.

Long-term effects: If cannabis is used for a long time, it irritates the respiratory

system and can lead to bronchitis and lung cancer. The other long-term effects can be

lack of motivation and difficulty of concentration.

2. Cocaine

Cocaine is taken from the leaves of coca often found in Andes of Bolivia, Peru and

Columbia. It became very popular recreational drug and known as snow, blow and flake. It

can be smoked, snorted and injected.

Short-term effects: Cocaine produces the feeling of euphoria in the consumer. It

increases the blood pressure and heart rate, causing the user to feel energetic and alert.

Long-Term effects: Cocaine-addicts often have chronic runny nose. Cocaine impairs

the ability of smelling and decreases the tasting ability. Users are at risk of heart attack

and paralysis. Difficulty sleeping, fatigue, headaches and nausea are the symptoms of

consumption of cocaine over a long period of time.

3. Heroin

Heroin is made from morphine and also informally known as H, smack, junk or horse.

This illegal drug can be injected, smoked and snorted but injection seems to be the most

common way of consumption.

Short-term effects: Heroin gives the feeling of euphoria followed by alternate feelings

of alertness, relaxation and drowsiness. The consumers experience dry mouth, a heavy

feeling in extremities and a warm skin flush. It also decreases the respiration rate of the

users.

Long-term effects: Since heroin decreases the respiration rate, there is also a

possibility of respiratory arrest, which may cause death. Consumers who share the same

needle in heroin injection are at risk of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. It can also cause

miscarriage, pneumonia and live & kidney diseases.


4. Amphetamines (YABA)

Amphetamines are those illegal drugs that chemically act similar to adrenaline (they

mimic the effects of adrenaline). There are many different forms of amphetamines but

most of them appear in the forms of capsule and tablet. This drug can be ingested orally,

injected, sniffed and smoked.

Short-term effects: Amphetamine gives the feelings of energetic and confident.

These effects can last up to 12 hours and some people continue consuming to remain the

effects of the drugs.

Long-term effects: The consumers will need more and more amount of

amphetamines as they continue over a long period of time because the users’ bodies will

resist the drug actions which mean they will have to consume more to make the effects of

amphetamines work. They increase the strain on the heart and blood pressure. They also

increase the risks of heart disease, heart attack and stroke.

5. Ecstasy (MDMA - methylene-dioxymethyl amphetamine)

Ecstasy often comes in the forms of white, yellow or brown tablet, capsule and

powder. It can be crunched and snorted. Some ecstasy tablets are stamped with images,

making them look like candies. It is also known as love drug, X and XTC.

Short-term effects: Ecstasy gives the feeling of happiness. It lets the consumer feel

more comfortable in social situations. These feelings will continue for 1-6 hours. After the

effects are gone, user may feel resentful, unhappy, and anxious.

Long-term effects: Since ecstasy increases heart rate and blood pressure, it may

cause heart attack or stroke. Because of it is often used in nightclubs when users may be

partying for long period, dehydration can be another great danger. It may also lead to

loss of memory.

6. LSD - lysergic acid diethylamide

LSD is a hallucinogenic drug, which comes in liquid, or tablet forms. It can be taken

orally and has a soft bitter taste. It is also known as acid, boomer and “Lucy in the sky

with diamonds”.

Short-term effects: LSD creates hallucinations and user will be in absent-mindedly

state. There is no way to predict that the hallucinations will be good or bad and they will

last for some hours. It makes the pupils dilate, increases heart rate and blood pressure.

Insomnia and tremor are common effect after consumption. Some consumers may feel

paranoid or anxious while under its influence.

Long-term effects: LSD consumers will experience hallucinations even though they

are not under the influence, and this may continue up to 12 months after use. LSD may

also cause depression and schizophrenia.


Drugs and society

While many people are focusing on political problems, the one problem that is

overlooked is drug problem. Drug problem is one of the biggest problems in Thailand.

Every society and every community are affected by this problem since drugs were

introduced in Thailand. Although we tried really hard to get rid of illegal drugs but we

never were successful. As days go by, drug problem is becoming more and more serious

and needed to be solved as soon as possible.

Drugs give effects many things in society. For examples:

1. Effects on individual:

Every kind of illegal drugs directly affects health and mind of the

consumers. They also bring death and loss of properties to the consumers.

2. Effects on families:

Any society or community, which has addicted consumers, is in trouble

because of them. The people are suffering from conflicts, difficulties and loss of

time to solve the problem. Addicted consumers often commit crimes such as

theft, harming other people and gambling. For the head of the family, if they get

caught because of involvement in drugs, their family members surely have to face

difficulties in surviving on society. Sometimes students are suspended from

schools because of their addicted parents.

3. Effects on nation management

The increment of drug cases gives burden to the whole system of

Ministry of Justice, increases the expenses of government and also slows down

other cases. Besides, drugs can bring corruption, bribe and extortion.

4. Effects on economic

Although producing and selling drugs are businesses but they are illegal

businesses, which wickedly take advantages of the innocents and government.

The government needs to spend a lot of expenses on drug prevention, drug

elimination and also curing and giving therapy to addicted people. They have to

waste a lot of money, which could be used in many projects, which could bring

benefits to the country.

5. Effects on stability and reputation of the country

The dispersion of drugs spoils reputation and dignity of Thailand. The

foreigners are afraid to come to Thailand because they are concerned about their

safety and properties.


The causes of drug problems.

From Seller

Why selling drug in Thailand?

Figure 1 Criminals are packing drug for transporting

According to the US Department of State, Thailand is home to the worst abuse

of methamphetamine in the world. The Thai word for meth is “YA BA” or crazy

drug. Little tablets of the substance retail for about 50 baht ($1.20) each making them

easily accessible to all Thai people, with the poor and disadvantaged in slum communities

especially vulnerable.

In Thailand, the government estimates that an astounding 800 million yaa baa

tablets were imported and consumed last year, enough for every man, woman and

child in the country to smoke a dozen each! A recent statistic states that at least 1 in 60

people in Thailand are meth users.

Yaa Baa is said to flood the brain with dopamine, the body’s natural pleasure

chemical. When people are trying to get off the drug, it is said to have caused permanent

mental damage and made people “go crazy.” There is no type of methadone cure to help

users get free of it. Its use is on the rise globally, but especially in Asia because of its

ease of production and cost.

Myanmar or Burma, particularly Wastage, is the main producer for the

region. The drug sales are used to fuel to Wa state army, a pro-Yangon ethnic group said

to operate around 50 laboratories close to the border, as well as mobile production units.

“Alleged links between Myanmar’s military rulers and the UWSA — and the

resulting lack of law enforcement — as well as the remote jungle canopy under which the

UWSA operate, conspire to make Myanmar an unrivalled regional producer.”


Eighty per cent of illegal drugs enter in from three provinces–Chiang Mai,

Chiang Rai and Mae Hong Son– located near the drug production bases. Some of this

area being known as the infamous “Golden Triangle” which was and still is in many ways a

major center for opium production. It is under the regular surveillance of the Thai

military and undercover Thai DEA agents though corruption is said to still be rampant.

A Thai general was quoted recently saying that if they caught 10% of the drugs

coming through Bangkok that it would be a good number! You can easily do the math,

but that means over 90% is getting through yet in 2009 over 135,000 people were

arrested in drug related offenses in Thailand. On the street, even urine tests that come

up positive can land a person in jail.

It has been noted that unless something is done to counter this trend, “More

likely, these countries and societies will have to write off vast swaths of their populations

as drug casualties, like the American victims of the ’80s crack epidemic.”

“Counseling facilities are scarce and recovery from drug addiction is still viewed as a

matter of willpower and discipline rather than a tenuous and slow spiritual and

psychological rebuilding process.”

“In Thailand the few recovery centers suffer from a chronic shortage of staff

and beds. While the most powerful tools for fighting addiction in the West 12-step

programs derived from Alcoholics Anonymous are available in Asia, their dissemination

and implementation do not reach much of the region.”

In one now infamous Aljazeera interview with a Thai military Colonel who runs

one of Thailand’s drug treatments camps for young offenders, tells the addicts they

should “eat plenty of fish sauce” if they want to get over the addiction. He went on to

say, “It replaces calcium and makes you sweat. The drugs come out with your

sweat.” This is an example of the lack of understanding and ability to handle the real

issues involved.

Use of yaa baa is said to be widespread now in Thailand. Owners of boats in

the southern coastal province of Ranong and construction foremen in Bangkok are known

to force their workers to take the drug at the beginning of the workday. Occasionally in

rural areas, “the farmers dissolve the drug in a bottle which they drink while working. But

it is Thailand’s youth who are most at risk. Consumers are as young as seven and

“school has become one of the main hubs for trafficking of methamphetamine.

In 2003 then Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra instigated a now infamous war

on drugs. Thaksin claimed to be doing this in response to a speech from His Majesty The

King who called for a solution to the methamphetimine problem that had been plaguing

Thailand. Over the next three months over 2,500 people died in what many have

called a vigilante style justice handed down by the Thai government.


Now the Shinawatra government led by Thaksin’s younger sister Yingluck is

declaring a new way on drugs, but stops short of going back to those dark days of

2003. The Thai laws on drug use, sales, and trafficking are still some of the harshest in

the world.

Note to foreigners reading:

If you are coming to Thailand to “party” and use drugs, I have one piece of advice:

DON’T! You are taking your life into your own hands. These issues are not as “easy

going” in Thailand as you may be presuming. Things are tightening up immensely. You

may very well end up in Bangkok’s notorious KlongPrem prison like the American man I

mentioned. The Thai authorities would like to make an example of you and I

wouldn’t blame them. The drug problem here is bad. It needs to be dealt with strongly

and I believe we will see many more arrests in the near future, especially foreigners.

For the Thai suffering under the effects of this “crazy” drug there seems to be

little real hope; no good outlook for the future. Taught all of their lives to depend only on

themselves, addicts are considered weak and mainly written off for not overcoming the

addiction on their own.

It is each man for him. In the mind some of the religious, it has to do with their

own ignorance and karma. They are merely suffering their own predestined fate. No one

can really help them.


ILLICIT DRUGS TRAFFICKING

Figure 2 Drug trafficking route from neighbor

Heroin trafficking

Thailand is still one of the transit countries for heroin trafficking from the Golden Triangle to international markets. In 2010, 114,359.8 grams of heroin were 'seized nationwide, involving 410 offenders in 379 drug cases. Most of the heroin was smuggled into the Kingdom from the Golden Triangle area with onward deliveries to the third countries, namely Malaysia, China and Taiwan. Of the said quantities seized, approximately 10 kilograms of heroin were interdicted and seized from Pakistani nationals at the Suvarnabhumi International Airport. Those Pakistani couriers 'were reportedly hired by African drug trafficking groups to smuggle the Golden Crescent-sourced ‘heroin into Thailand. Heroin is also smuggled in and out of the Kingdom by ways of air and sea. The price of heroin per kilogram at Thai-Burmese border stands at 750,000 Thai Baht (approximately 25,000 US Dollars) and the price in Bangkok is at 5 million Thai Baht (approximately 166,000 US Dollars).

Heroin trafficking routes: Golden Crescent area - India - Thailand - China Golden Crescent area - Pakistan - Thailand Golden Triangle area - Thailand - Malaysia -China Thailand - Malaysia - Australia Thailand – Taiwan


Cocaine trafficking African drug trafficking groups are engaged in smuggling cocaine from South America through international airports in ASEAN countries for deliveries to the third countries, e.g. Malaysia, the Philippines, Japan, Hong Kong SAR and Thailand. In 2010, 48J38.5 grams of cocaine were seized nationwide, involving 74 offenders and 70 drug cases. With regard to drug interdiction at Suvarnabhumi International Airport in 2010, 6 Filipino female couriers and one Nigerian courier were apprehended and nearly 17 kilograms of cocaine were seized from them. Cocaine trafficking routes: Peru - UAE - Bangkok Peru - Brazil- UAE - Thailand Brazil- UAE – Thailand Methamphetamine (Yaba) Yaba remains the most abused synthetic drug in Thailand. It comes in round-shaped tablet in orange or green color imprinted with WY logo. One tablet contains 10-25% of methamphetamine and 60-70% of caffeine. Yaba has been smuggled from neighboring countries into Thailand. In 2010, 51,156,246 tablets of Yaba were seized nationwide, involving 215,506 offenders with 207,054 drug cases. The price of Yaba from Myanmar is at 75 Thai Baht (approximately 2.5 US Dollars) per tablet and the street value is at 250-300 Thai Baht (approximately 8-10 US Dollars) per tablet.

Myanmar-Thailand Myanmar- Lao PDR-Thailand Myanmar-Lao PDR- Cambodia- Thailand Marihuana Marihuana growing in Thailand is very minimal due to continued eradication and suppression by law enforcement agencies. Dried marihuana seized in Thailand has been smuggled into the Kingdom from neighboring countries on the northeastern borderlines for domestic consumption, mostly on Samui Island, and for international markets, such as Malaysia. Marihuana trafficking routes: Laos, crossing the Mekong River - Thailand Thailand – Malaysia Crystal Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (ICE) Presently, ICE has been emerging as another threat to national security due to its influx into the Kingdom from neighboring countries. Most of the drug refineries that produce Yaba have turned to produce ICE also. ICE is smuggled into Thailand by Asian couriers through Thailand-Myanmar border and Thailand-Cambodia border for domestic consumption and onward deliveries to Malaysia, the Philippines, Hong Kong SAR and Japan. In recent years, ICE smuggled into Thailand' is sourced to Iran and some African countries like Ghana and Mali. ICE from Iran and airplane passengers of Iranian and African or Asian origin transport African countries into the Kingdom respectively. In 2010, 2,005,111.7 grams of Ice were seized nationwide, involving 10,033 offenders and 9,101 drug cases. In relation to drug interdiction at Suvarnabhumi International Airport in 2010, a total of nearly 165 kilograms of ICE were seized from the offenders. (75 Iranians were


arrested with approximately 117 kilograms, 17 Africans were arrested with approximately 26 kilograms, and couriers of other nationalities were arrested with approximately 20 kilograms.) The price of Ice per kilogram at Thai-Burmese border stands at 1 - 1.2 million Thai Baht (approximately 33,000 - 40,000 US Dollars) and the retail price is about 3,000 Thai Baht (approximately 100 US Dollars) per gram. So far, ICE production labs have not been identified in Thailand yet. ICE trafficking routes: Thailand-Myanmar border - Central Thailand- Southern Thailand - Malaysia Iran- a Middle East country - an Asian country Africa - a Middle East country - Thailand - Cambodia or Malaysia


Modus Operation/Routes

ANDAMAN SEA

GULF OF THAILAND

MYANMAR LAOS

CAMBODIA

Figure 3 Blue: Meth, Red : Heroin, Green : Marijuana


1 Heroin trafficking routes: Golden Crescent area -India - Thailand - China Golden Crescent area - Pakistan – Thailand

Golden Triangle area - Thailand - Malaysia -China Thailand - Malaysia - Australia Thailand - Taiwan India – Nepal - China India - UAE – Thailand - China

Pakistan - Malaysia - Thailand – China

2 Cocaine trafficking routes: Peru - UAE - Bangkok Peru - Brazil- UAE - Thailand Brazil- UAE - Thailand India - Peru - Bangkok Philippines - Bangkok Brazil-UAE - Bangkok Benin - Bangkok

India – Bangkok

3 Methamphetamine (Yaba) routes: Myanmar-Thailand Myanmar- Lao PDR-Thailand Myanmar-Lao PDR- Cambodia- Thailand 4 Marihuana trafficking routes: Laos, crossing the Mekong River - Thailand Thailand – Malaysia 5 ICE trafficking routes: Thailand - Myanmar border - Central Thailand - Southern Thailand - Malaysia Iran - a Middle East country- an Asian country Africa - a Middle East country - Thailand - Cambodia or Malaysia Tehran (Iran) - Bangkok, Tehran (Iran) – Syria - Turkey - Bangkok Tehran (Iran) - Doha (Qatar) - Bangkok Shiraz (Iran) - Bahrain - Bangkok Istanbul (Turkey) – Bangkok Dubai (UAE) - Bangkok, Abu Dhabi (UAE) - Bangkok Amman (Jordan) - Damascus (Syria) - Bangkok Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) - Bangkok - Malaysia Mali- Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) - Bangkok - Benin South Africa - Ethiopia - Bangkok Ghana - Bangkok Nigeria - Cairo - Bangkok Myanmar – Bangkok – Philippines 6 Ecstasy routes: Netherlands-Thailand


Criminal Organization/syndicates

Figure 5 Criminals are arrested by polices.

African syndicate

- The most well known group which is mainly associated to drugs - West African syndicate is the worst and ruthless group which people in this

group is known to be the most wanted - Oblige innocent to handle the drug to different countries - Most of victims are Filipinos or Asians

United Wa State Army (UWSA)

- Most prolific ethnic trafficking group in Burma, 16,000 “active duty” troops - Opium, Heroin and Methamphetamine production - Supplies drug trafficking groups with opium, heroin, and methamphetamine,

which are then reportedly transported to the Thailand-Burma border

Shan State Army (SSA)

- Involved in drug trade in northern Thailand - Controls key areas along the northern Thailand–Burma border - Some SSA units along the border are involved in taxing drug caravans as they

cross into northern Thailand - Engaged in combat against the Burmese Army since December 2010

Kachin Defense Army (KDA)/Kachin Independence Army (KIA)

- Operates and is alleged to protect drug factories - During June 2011, fighting erupted between the KIA and the Burma Army in

the Kachin State, Burma


From Buyer

Cause of Thai people addict Some people are able to use recreational or prescription drugs without ever

experiencing negative consequences or addiction. For many others, substance use can

cause problems at work, home, school, and in relationships, leaving you feeling isolated,

helpless, or ashamed. What is the reason that leads the people to be drug addict? Here

are reasons why people turn to drugs.

• Stress. A recent study by the Partnership for a Drug-Free showed that 73

percent of teens report the number-one reason for using drugs is to deal with the

pressures and stress of school. Surprisingly, only 7 percent of parents believe that teens

might use drugs to cope with stress, showing parents severely underestimate the impact

of stress on their teens’ decision to use drugs.

• Social Acceptance and low Self-Esteem. A 2007 study reported 65 percent of

people say they use drugs to “feel cool.” People’ self-worth depends on the approval of

others, and their desire for social acceptance can drive them to engage in destructive

behaviors, even if they know it could harm them. The same study found that 65 percent

of people use drugs to “feel better can fill a void caused by not feeling good about

themselves.” People who have low self-esteem are more likely to seek acceptance from

the wrong crowd by using drugs.

• Self-Medication. The teen years are rough, and many people who are unhappy

don’t know how to find a healthy outlet for their frustration. These pent up emotions can

take an emotional toll and can even lead to depression or anxiety. A 2009 study reported

an estimated 70 percent of people suffer from undiagnosed clinical depression at some

point in their life. Many people are unaware that they have an underlying mental or mood

disorder that is causing them to use illegal or prescription drugs to self-medicate and

cope with their symptoms.

• Misinformation. Studies show that people are widely misinformed about the

dangers of drugs. Did you know that 40 percent of people don’t perceive any major risk

with trying drugs once or twice? While abuse of serious drugs is steadily declining among

people, their intentional abuse of prescription and over-the-counter medications remains

a serious concern. Many people, 41 percent to be exact, mistakenly believe that it’s safer

to abuse a prescription drug than it is to use illegal drugs. Nearly 1 in 5 people have

already abused a prescription medication or prescription painkiller in order to get high or

deal with stress.

• Depression/Loneliness. We want to feel good physically and emotionally.

Sometimes drugs are the substitution for a healthy life experience. The person in pain

and they want to numb the pain. The drug numbs the pain and for a moment they don’t

feel as poorly. The person needs to escape the pain of the life experience, and for a short

while, the drug takes them away and they feel “better.”

• Severe Anxiety. Sometimes people need some help coping with life. Everyday

life becomes a struggle and simple things become too much to handle. Drugs are used to

deal with it. In the case of addiction, we are not talking about the use of medication,

under the care and observation of a doctor. People who have been clinically diagnosed

with anxiety can lead a very good life. We’re talking here about people who just need to

escape. Their drug of choice facilitates that escape.


Thai people addict Case

From anonymous

I feel the rush as I exhale. My heartbeat accelerates and I lean back on a pile of

greasy nylon pillows. When I open my eyes again, Bangkok’s worst slum suddenly doesn’t

seem so bad. A glow has settled on the room. There are eight people here (mom and her

boyfriend are downstairs with their own stash). The conversation is warm and earnest. “I

started three years ago,” the impossibly thin girl is saying. “I lent money to a friend and

she paid me back with some pills. I’ve smoked yaba almost every day since. It makes me

feel confident. Thai’s are supposed to be shy. But I don’t want to be shy. If I was shy I

wouldn’t be able to do my work.” She drifts off, yabbering away in a mix of English and

Thai about an argument with her friend. Eventually she comes back and I catch what she

is saying: “Sometimes I think there are two me’s: nice me who is a very shy traditional girl

and nasty modern me – who likes dancing and drinking and talking and spending and

fucking and…” She drifts off.

From Gor (Student)

Figure 4 Student who is addict before

It is easy to start taking drugs, but it is very difficult to quit. Believe me I know it

well. Your life will never be the same again. Please don't try it even one time. Don't ruin all

your future by experimenting with drugs like me.


Illegal drug analysis

Factors of selling drug in Thailand 1.Cost The low cost of drugs, about 50 baht per tablet each making easily accessible to all Thai people. 2. Low Revenue of Thai people Most of mountain tribes in the North which their homeland near to Thailand neighbor such as Myanmar, have a low revenue from their occupation so selling drug is quite easy and get so more money than the old jobs. 3.Trafficking Thailand is the way of transportation to the other countries. For example, transporting cocaine from Brazil to Malaysia, Thailand is the way of transportation. So, selling drugs in Thailand is beneficial and make the greater of selling. 4. The main producer Myanmar is the main producer for the region The drug sales are used to fuel to Wa state army, a pro- Yangon ethnic group said to operate around 50 laboratories close to the border, as well as mobile production units. 5.Bribe Many officers in Thailand involve in drugs, they discard criminals to produce and transport without arresting by getting money instead. Therefore the criminals still sell drugs if they pay for the bribe. 6. A few recovery centers There is a few recovery center, addicts are more than a lot if compare with number. So there are still a lot of addicts. 7. The widespread of using drugs Owners of boats in the southern coastal province of Ranong and construction foremen in

Bangkok are known to force their workers to take the drug at the beginning of the

workday.


Attemp to fix the problem

Royal Duties

In the past 60 years, the footprint of the Thai king was placed everywhere

in the Thailand's ground without exception of the land of wilderness and

remoteness that has not been accessed. The images of a great king of Thai

people who have forsaken the comfort of the body devoted to devote his age

and devoted his heart is dedicated to dispelling the suffering and maintains the

happiness of the people and land.

The king has changed the mountain that was covered with tens of

thousands of acres of opium fields with the power of opium production is up to

200 tons per year into the land of many ethnic groups, tribes and watershed and

forest which had been overthrown burned from a shifting cultivation has been

replaced by the winter vegetables under the operation of the project was called

“the Royal Project”

In the past, the king has come to the hill village of Hmong tribe on the

Pui’s mountain that is located in the national park of Doi Suthep-Pui in Chiang-

Mai province. The visual in that place is shown the pathetic life of poverty people

that planting of opium and shifting cultivation for their living same as the

Hmong tribe of Mae Sa Mai village of Pong Yang district by the most of them was

migrated from the village of Pang Pa Kha that have been suppressed of drug

trafficking as same as of the Ban Nong Hoi Kao of Mae Ram district that is the

major source area of opium’s production and nearest to the center of Chiang-Mai

by words of the Ban Nong Hoi people said that when there used to produce the

opium as a career. There has problem about the food that has not been served

to all of people. There solve the solution by eating of the corn that there used to

feed the animals combining with the low quality of rice to serve what their needs

that as well as Khun Chang Kian village in Cherry Grove of Chang district that

came from the Hmong, Doi Pui because of the enough space for cultivation. In

that time, The Long-terms vision of the King is to maintain the upland forest


watershed and to gradually stop the cultivation of opium with a settled

residence. The King has initiative to find a winter crop to be planted and make it

to be a substitute for opium. When the peoples in the village earn more revenue

than the opium cultivation and have no more threat of government legislation. It

was the phase out opium cultivation and turned to winter crops, fruits, various

kinds of compensation. Most of all of the policies that the King mainly used are

love and the compassion.

The Royal solutions that integrated to treatment of pains to the tribal

nations who rely on the Royal protection and born to the “Royal” project that

effort to revive the fourth decade of his life to make hundreds of thousands of

people to live and work on sustainable forest upstream of the reconstruction.

The drug trade traffic has been break and turn the minority of national

sovereignty had become unstable people who call Thailand the "The Father

Land."

His mercy and grace give a good quality of life for the better view of the

majesty when the king visited at the Mae Sa Mai village is like precious treasure

which connect love and commitment that the people gave to him until the

present as well as to the peoples in Mhong village at Nhongh Hoi Kao in Mae Rim

district, Chaingmai and Mhong at Ban Khun chang kien in Meung district that the

majesty has visited to treat and help to the people of those 4 village and turn to

those villages to become a prototype villages that can be follow the wishing of

the majesty with self-sufficient life and legal occupation and living with the

nature with the King’s management system for the sustainable resource.

Around four decades of the King’s duty in order to make a better life to

the Mhone’s tribe. The King was dedicated himself and devoted from his speech

that he says when started the Royal project is the happiness of the people and

the stability of the country. Now the Royal project has 4 research stations and

has 38 developing station and has winter plant to encourage the high area

farmers for more than 350 types and has 13 hills for tribe farmers and more

than 150,000 people that has join the Royal project. The King has changed the

opium plantation to be a source of winter vegetable that make income for the


farmer around 450 million bath in 2531. The Royal project won the prize from

Magsaisai’s prize in the international understanding.

In 2546, The Royal project won the prize of Colombo plan that is the

organization that has been supported from USA government to cooperate for

fixes the drugs problem in Asia Pacific as a single project that can fix the opium

problem in term of creative and free of violence that has been successful. The

method of the Royal project is to acceptable and make interoperations to many

countries and become to be a prototype for developing high area farmers in

regional an expand to other country such as Bhutan, Afghanistan, Columbia and

neighboring countries in South East Asia and continue and drive the mission in

term of help hill tribe and help the world.


Government, Official and Agencies

National drug control strategy

Drug control strategy of Thailand comes out of an idea of disconnecting drug

demand from drug supply and being obliged to the principle that "drug addicts are

patients who are in need of treatment while drug traffickers are those who must be

punished under the judicial process"

Based on the seriousness of drug situation since Thailand has long been facing

the problem of illicit drug production, illicit drug trafficking and illicit drug consumption,

the Government has placed drug control as the national agenda. The drug control policy

has been placed as the top priority of every Government.

Intensity efforts are given by the Royal Thai Government to solve drug problems

in comprehensive and systematic manner. Pursuant to Police Statement to the National

Assembly, Drug issue was placed as the country's urgent problem under Policy on Social

Welfare and Human Security item 3.5.7 which states "Intensify efforts in solving the

narcotics drug problem in a comprehensive and systematic manner, from prevention to

suppression to rehabilitation of drug addicts, in tandem with improving relevant

legislation in accordance with the evolving situation and ensuring strict enforcement of

law, and enhance cooperation with neighboring countries and the international

community in addressing the narcotic drug problem". Cooperation with neighboring

countries and international community in fighting against illicit drugs is also enhanced

enthusiastically to address drug problems.

Government policies

Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra

On 30 Aug 2011, ONCB declared the drug policy of the current Prime Minister

Yingluck Shinawatra.

The government thinks that the drug is considered a national agenda to be taken to resolve the issue seriously. And will apply the plan from the Queen Speech to achieve the compliance. The government will use power of people as the many strategy to overcome the drug problem. The main strategic of government is “ 7 plans 4 adjusts 3 principles 6 improves”


7 plans include Plan 1 - Plan for social and community empowerment to overcome drug addiction. Plan 2 – Plan to help drug addicted Plan 3 - Anti-drug plan. Plan 4 - Suppression drug plan. Plan 5 - Plan for International Cooperation. Plan 6 - Plans to block cross-border drug monitoring. Plan 7 - Integrated management plan. 4 adjusts include Adjusts 1 – Adjust the information Adjusts 2 – Adjust the behavior of official Adjusts 3 – Adjust the law Adjusts 4 – Adjust the opinion of social and community to participate in resolve drug problem 3 principles include Principle 1 – Use love, compassion, and fellow and aimed to return happy to social. Principle 2 – Use the good willingness of law along with combating and suppression. Principle 3 – Use area approach as case study. 6 improves include Improves 1 – Improve the operation information. Improves 2 – Improve to decrease the drug problem from community. Improves 3 – Improve the cooperation of international and interception of drug. Improves 4 – Improve to suppress seller and decrease the trouble of citizen Improves 5 – Improve to solve the youth. Improves 6 – Improve the strong community

Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva

On 18 March 2009, Prime Minister Abhisit

Vejjajiva declared to take drastic measures to

crack down illicit drugs with tangible results

within six months. In this connection, the

government would implement a "five fences"

strategy for controlling and reducing nationwide

drug problems. The referred fences infer building

immunity, creating activities and establishing a working process in which people

concerned both public and people sectors can effectively work together and measure are

integrated to keep drug addicts, drug dealers and risk groups away from drugs. This "five

fences" strategy listed as follows:

Border fence is creating activities and a working process in order to strengthen

measure, prevent drug smuggling into the country along the target border areas.

Community Fence is creating activities and a working process according to all

measures that facilitate strengthening and building drug immunity in the target

village/communities.


Social fence is creating activities and a working process such as implementing

integrated social order, eliminating all kinds of negative risk factor, enhancing positive

factors affecting the drug immunity building in order to strengthen the societies of all

provinces.

School Fence is creating activities and a working process such as strengthening

family institution to be more immune to drugs and be a good fundamental unit of society.

The "five fences" strategy had already been implemented for 2 phases, which the

second phase had just been terminated in September 2010. Now Thailand is

implementing the third phase (November 2010-September 2011) of the strategy.

Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra

Even if it goes up to 5 years, however, that the

aftermath of the war on drugs in the era of Prime

Minister Thaksin Shinawatra still in the memory of

dead’s relatives who would not think that this person is

returned to power again.

"I want to kill them dead" is the word of merchants selling food. Mention to the Police

and prime minister that is a leading cause of death of his son.

The Human rights organization believes that these are the work of police that

support the drug trade practice clearance of Thaksin's policies, which is criticism about

the harassment or killing people without due process.

Before the coup, Thaksin Shinawatra, in 2006 the people's hearts with grass-roots

populist policies. And declared war on drug trafficking, especially methamphetamine

epidemic that is hard.

A report from the Narcotics Control Board on the 2008 crime statistics

indicate that Thailand's rising 88 percent during the month of February to April

2003, which was a government crackdown on drug traffickers vigorously. With the

2873 murder case in 1370 is related to drug cases.

Benjamin Wagga in Albuquerque, researchers from Thailand, said Amnesty

International is "to fear" when that person is behind the war on drugs. Thai politics will

return soon.

"When there is a possibility that politicians will return to the previous page, it is

possible as well. In the future, there may be a new war on drugs, "he said oiling things.


International/Regional Cooperation

Maintain active and close cooperation with the other agencies in suppression of

narcotics, included intelligence exchange and promote cross border cooperation with

other counterpart as important allies in this matters.

Annually, ONCB will hold a meeting and field excursion for DLOs stationed in

Thailand. The activity is about to updating current drugs situation and reviewing mutual

cooperation procedures among all international representatives and Royal Thai law

enforcement officers. Moreover, all delegations will gain an opportunity to established

interpersonal relationship enhancing their future joint-operation and intelligence in

fighting against trans-organized drugs crimes.

Currently, there are drug liaisons posting to Thailand from 25 countries and 3

organizations as follows:

- Australia Australian Federal Police (AFP), Australian

AFP continued to provide funding for support and assistance to the Thailand

Transnational Crime Coordination Network, the Cambodian Transnational Crime Team

and the Colombian Transnational Crime Team. The assistance provided by the AFP

through the LECP ensures that each team/unit/network continues to service investigations

in their respective agencies and requests for operational support from the AFP across all

crime types in a timely, secure and effective manner. There also providing intelligence

training program that delivered to Thailand, China, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia and Burma.

- Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Canada

Thailand and Canada have cooperated closely in preventing and combating drug abuse

throughout. Both in terms of information exchange and coordination between the

authorities crack down on drugs. Canada has sent the staffs to coordinate drug from

Canada Police Department were came to Thailand since 2519 and has provided assistance

in the areas of protection of drug and crop substitution. Both directly and through the

United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse. The assistance will be provided training to staff in

the drug war in Thailand by sent the Canada staff as a training officer in able to teaching

the Thailand staff by focusing on the drug news and financial investigations and narcotics

technique and the use of special investigative techniques.

This is an example case of the Canadian police in combating the drug transport

into the country from Thailand to Canada.

Project E-PAGE

In June 1999, Project E-PAGE culminated after a 2 1/2 year international

investigation with the arrest of 28 individuals of an organized crime group active in

British Columbia, and various cities in the United States, Hong Kong, Thailand and

Myanmar. Approximately 6.3 kilograms (9 units) of heroin were seized in the United


States. This investigation foiled a number of conspiracies to import large shipments of

heroin to North America. 6 Recent large seizures in British Columbia (70 kilograms in

November 1998 and 42 kilograms in February 1999) have reduced supplies and pushed

the unit (700 g) price up into the $55,000 range as opposed to $40,000 in 1998.

- National Authority for Combating Drugs (NACD), Cambodia

The both sides are discussed and exchanged the information by to seek mutual

cooperation in drug control across the borders, particularly the establishment of Border

Liaison Offices (BLOs).

It also helps to coordinate the cross-border cooperation mechanism and has

established a Group meeting to exchange the overall of drug problem. As seen below.

• Joint Commission

• Border Peace Keeping Committee

• General Border Committee

• Regional Border Committee

• Thailand-Cambodia Meeting on Drug Law Enforcement Cooperation

• High Level Bilateral Drug Control Meeting

• Provincial Cross-Border Drug Control Meeting

- National Narcotics Control Commission (NNCC), China

Thailand and China have cooperated closely in preventing and combating drug abuse

throughout by establish the meeting between those country to exchange the knowledge

of drug problem such as the technology to detect the drugs in many situation, illegal

trafficking of drugs and to optimize the protection and prevention of international drug

problems.

Here is an example of cooperation between the National Narcotics Control

Commission (NNCC) and The Royal Thai Police Narcotics Suppression Bureau (NSB) in

order to arrest of the drug traffickers.

The 10th Thailand - China Bilateral Meeting on Drug Control Cooperation

During 14 – 18 June 2011, ONCB delegation led by Mr. Sukhum Opasniputh,

Deputy Secretary General, NCB, attending the 10th Thailand – China Bilateral Meeting on

Drug Control Cooperation in Huangshan, Anhui Province, China. The Chinese delegation

led by Mr. Wei Xiaojun, Deputy Secretary-General, ONNCC.

The meeting agenda was about to review the mutual cooperation progress and

difficulties on drug control occurred during the previous year. The two countries also

agreed on mutual investigation and intelligence exchange on transnational drug

syndicates that influent and dominated the drugs trafficking and abuse in this region. For

instance, the West African and the Iranian group became the most threatening ones at the

moment. In addition, the forum marked a concern on air route trafficking according to the

newly promote of commercial flight traveling among Bangkok – Guangzhou – Kunming.


Furthermore, both countries agreed on mutual cooperation on narcotics forensic in

exchanging their forensic scientists as to share the experiences and lesson-learned

between each other. The exchange training of narcotics law enforcement officer was

granted as well.

Finally, the venue completed with successful conclusion on drugs control not only

the gain for the both parties but also benefit to all neighboring countries and this region

as a whole.

- Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), United States of America

DEA offices have been working side by side with the Kingdom of Thailand to

crack down on both the production and trade of drugs including heroin and other illegal

drugs in South-east Asia. DEA has proposed a training technique used to suppress the

drug to achieve the crackdown on drugs in Thailand. And law enforcement officials as

well as officials from other neighboring countries and many other countries.

The DEA offices are in conjunction with other law enforcement agencies. The

investigation is continuing to make adjustments to cope with the ever-changing threats.

One way is to put Internet network used to obtain information on the whereabouts of the

public. This site is a part of the project of “Reward for a clue”, the DEA office, which

opened to the public across the continent with law enforcement agencies, can provide

clues about a person who is involved with drugs, terrorism and money laundering. This

project also received information about the criminals who escaped justice in the cases

occurring in Asia and the United States

Here is an example of cooperation between the Drug Enforcement Administration

(DEA) and The Royal Thai Police Narcotics Suppression Bureau (NSB) in order to arrest of

the drug traffickers.

Operation Global Sea (1995)

In 1994, Southeast Asian heroin, which was smuggled by ethnic China and

Nigeria-based traffickers, was one of the greatest drug threats to the United States.

Almost 60 percent of the heroin that came to the United States at that time originated in

Southeast Asia’s “Golden Triangle”—Burma, Laos, and Thailand. Those mainly responsible

were ethnic Chinese traffickers who controlled sophisticated international networks that

smuggled hundreds of kilograms of heroin in commercial cargo on a regular basis. In

addition to the China, Nigeria and West Africa-based trafficking organizations helped

smuggle the heroin, typically using the “shotgun” approach to smuggling by recruiting

third party couriers to travel aboard commercial airlines and smuggle from one to 10

kilograms of heroin per trip. In response to this facet of the drug trade, Operation Global

Sea targeted a Nigerian, female-led, drug trafficking organization that was responsible

for smuggling into the United States $26 million worth of high-purity Southeast Asian

heroin. Global Sea, an Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force operation, was

comprised of the DEA, the U.S. Customs Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and

law enforcement authorities in Thailand, Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Mexico, and

the Netherlands. By the end of this 18-month investigation, Operation Global Sea had


immobilized the Chicago-based drug organization by seizing 55.5 kilograms of heroin

with an average purity of 80 percent arresting 44 defendants in Bangkok, Chicago, New

York City, Detroit, and Pakistan.

- Foreign Anti Narcotics & Crime Community of Thailand (FANC)

By establish a meeting between the two parties. DSI will present the issues in the

role and its defensive missions to combating transnational crimes including the exchange

of drug’s information and the experience while working to prevent crime.

- Narcotics Crime Investigation Department (NCiD), Malaysia

The cooperation in combating drugs between Thailand – Malaysia began in 2524

with a Drug Law Enforcement meeting once a year by the purpose that to discuss both

policy and strategy to solve the problem of transporting illegal drug across borders and

international drug trafficking.

The 29th Thailand - Malaysia Drug Law Enforcement Meeting

During 15-16 August 2006, Narcotics Crime Investigation Department (NCID),

Royal Malaysia Police hosted the 29th Malaysia-Thailand Bilateral Meeting on Narcotics

Law Enforcement Cooperation in Tawau, Sabah State. Malaysian Delegation was led by

Dato’ Mohd. Pol.Lt.Gen led Najib Bin Abdul Aziz, Director of NCID, and Thai Delegation.

Krisna Polananta, Secretary-General, NCB. The discussion of the meeting covered the

updated drug situation, information exchange, and operational cooperation in

suppressing illicit drug trafficking between the two countries.

- NORDIC DLO (Denmark/Sweden), Sweden

NORDIC DLO was cooperated with many various countries such as DEA (USA), NSB

(Thailand) to exchange and discuss about the international drug problem and draft the

international drug law. They helped each other’s to prevent and arrest many of drug

dealers.

This is an example case of the Swedish police in the fight against drug dealers

from Sweden that came to Thailand and produce drugs in Thailand in cooperation with

the US and Thailand police officers to arrest the drug dealers.

A DEA and NSB officer with the Swedish polices breaking the source of ICE’s

drug in Rayong province. The action sets are classified into two sets. First, is to set up the

ICE’s production block. The second one is to suspects the drug dealers after arrested

them. The officers found a 2kg crystal of ice after searching the house by used to track

the behavior of Mr. Ericsson for the activities that he was made before he came to

Thailand


For Mr. Ericsson, Who is leading the industry's largest ice drug in Sweden; Mr.

Ericsson was in Thailand to manufacture and sell the ICE’s drug and be prepared to send

it back to sell in Sweden and many countries in Europe.

- Belgium Federal Police, Belgium

- NORDIC DLO (Denmark/Sweden), Denmark

- The Central Office against Illegal Narcotics Trafficking (OCRTIS), France

- Bundeskriminalamt (BKA), Germany

- Attorney General's Office (AGO), Indonesia

- Israeli Police, Israeli

- The Central Drugs Directorate (DCSA) – Bangkok, Italy

- National Police Agency / Japanese Customs, Japan

- The Embassy of Republic of Korea, Korea

- Criminal Intelligence Division (CRI) / National Police Agency, Netherlands

- New Zealand Police, New Zealand

- Embassy of Nigeria, Nigeria

- Norwegian Police, Norway

- Embassy of Peru, Peru

- The Embassy of the Russian Federation, Russia

- Spanish Police, Spain

- The Embassy of Switzerland, Switzerland

- Serious Organized Crime Agency, United Kingdom

- Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB), Singapore

- UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)

- ICPO / Interpol

- International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA)


Information sharing & Resource

As the platform for addressing domestic, regional and international drug problem. Development of numerous mechanisms: both in Bi-Lateral and Multi-Lateral forms.

- Commission on Narcotic Drugs - Meeting of Heads of national Drug Law Enforcement Agencies, Asia and

Pacific - International Drug Enforcement Conference (IDEC) - IDEC Far East Region Working Group - Asia Pacific Operational Drug Enforcement Conference - Meeting of the ASEAN Senior Officials on Drug Matter - Anti-Drug Liaison Officials Meeting for International Cooperation - Seniors Official Committee Meeting of the Signatories to the 1993 - ASEANAPOL Conferences - Joint Thailand-Malaysia Working Committee on Criminal Activities Meeting - Bilateral Meeting between Thai-Malaysia - Bilateral Meeting between Thai-Laos PDR - Bilateral Meeting between Thai-Cambodia - Bilateral Meeting between Thai-Myanmar - Bilateral Meeting between PNSB, Royal Thai Police -CNB, Singapore - Joint Narcotics Training Course Between PNSB, Royal Thai Police -CNB,

Singapore NClD,

Legal Framework To Combat Drugs (Laws)

Main narcotics control laws in Thailand can be classified into 4 following categories:

1) Laws on controlling narcotic substances - Narcotics Act B.E. 2522 (1979) - Psychotropic Substances Act B.E.2518 (1975) - Emergency Decree on Controlling the Use of Volatile Substance B.E.2533

(1990)

2) Laws on designating powers and duties to competent authority

- Narcotics Control Act B.E.2519 (1976) - Act on Measures for the Suppression of Offenders in an Offence Relating to

Narcotics B.E. 2534 (1991) - Act on Authorizing Naval Officers for the Suppression of Some Offences

Committed by Sea (No.4) B.E. 2534 (1991) - Money Laundering Control Act B.E.2542 (1999) - Act on Procedure of Narcotic Case B.E. 2550 (2007)

3) Laws on special measure

- Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act B.E. 2545 (2002) - Act on Measures for the Suppression of Offenders in an Offence Relating to

Narcotics B.E. 2534 (1991) - Money Laundering Control Act B.E.2542 (1999) - Act on Procedure of Narcotic Case B.E. 2550 (2007) - Taxation Law


4) Laws on controlling precursor and essential chemicals for illicit drug production

- Commodities Control Act B.E. 2495 (1952) - Hazardous Substances Act B.E. 2535 (1992) - Narcotics Act B.E. 2522 (1979) - Psychotropic Substances Act B.E.2518 (1975) - Emergency Decree on Controlling the Use of Volatile Substance B.E.2533

(1990) - Import and Export Act B.E. 2522 (1979)

The followings laws are utilized to prosecute drug offenders:

- Extradition Act B.E. 2551 (2008) - Act on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters B.E.2535 (1992) - Legislation Procedure for Cooperation between States in the Executive of

Penal Sentences B.E.2527 (1984) - Witness Protection Act B.E.2546 (2003) - The Criminal Procedure Code - Act on Procedure of Narcotic Case B.E. 2550 (2007)


Laws Enforcement Agencies 1. Royal Thai Police (RTP) Agencies of drug enforcement responsibilities within RTP. Integration all resources maintain high alert and set as high priority as National Agenda has declared. The implementation of five fences to protect the prevalence of the narcotics: from the border line- in road network-social-community-school and institution-family value. 1.1 Border Patrol Police (BPP) Border Patrol Police is act as soldier to control the peace around the border of country they allowed to act as police. At the foundation period they were used to against the communist to attack Thailand. BPP has 3 main properties 1.) They are asked for protect the criminal like police. 2.) They can fight like soldier. 3.) They can manage and serve help to people like other government officer. As we can see that Drugs is the main problem that attack our community. Traffic of drugs is mainly come from the border of Thailand. BPP is directly has responsibility to cover drugs traffic problem. BPP has divided to many parts for maximum control quality, BPP31 is control around northern part of Thailand, and BPP24 is control around East Northern of Thailand. We can see that a lot of drugs cases are under the control of BPP. Example Case - 8th March 2011, BPP31 and Provincial Police are arrest a big lot of the trafficking of Yaba and Ice around Pis-sa-nu-lok province and the they got 2,610,000 pills of Yaba and 210 grams of Ice. - 4th September 2010, BPP24 arrest 5 Marijuana retailers around Chiang-Mai province they found 494 Kg of Stick Marijuana and 7 bags of Marijuana are pack in the box in Containers Of Truck and in Bronze Honda CR-V. 1.2 Provincial Police Region Provincial Police are working like normal police. They are asking to protect people and control criminal. Provincial Police is divided in to 9 regions all over Thailand for easier to process their duty. Drugs is one of their under control duty. Each region of Provincial Police Region are have their owns plan that was applied to their region Example Case - PPR5 and DSI work co-operation to arrest the Yaba retailer. They have got 200,000 pills of Yaba. This case was happened by knowing of selling of Yaba at Chiang Mai province at the north of Thailand. 1.3 Metropolitan Police Bureau Metropolitan Police Bureau is another region of police. They have duty in Bangkok. The main duty is to help people and control the rising of criminal as another region.


1.4 Central Investigation Bureau Central Investigation Bureau is one part of Royal Thai Police. They act like another police to serve people control criminal and protect the King. The main property of CIB is planning and advising for another police bureau that has related to them 1.5 Narcotic Suppression Bureau Narcotic Suppression Bureau is directly related to drugs suppression. The main property of this bureau is to give the suggestion about drugs to National Police Bureau, Drugs Suppression and advising to another related police co-operation of some department All of above are the main department of Royal Thai Police that related to drugs problem. They often co-operation to access the goal to suppressing drugs and these are some of example that come out from co-operation of some department - BPP & PP 1-9 responsible for narcotic crop eradiation. - Metro & PP 1-9 responsible for suppression of local drug pusher within on jurisdiction. - Central Investigation Bureau responsible for interdiction on transportation routes. - Narcotics Suppression Bureau (NSB) responsible for suppression of refineries, syndicates, financiers, and major cases investigation. 2 Ministry of Justice 2.1 Office of Narcotic Control Board ONCB was found in 18th November 1976, the main property is to suppress drug problem. Because of wide spread of drug problem and become stronger problem, we need high cooperation of many government departments. From this, make ONCB to be like head quarter of drug problem suppression. Vision: The ONCB will be the central agency of excellence in integrated managing and

confidence building on drug control of national and international counterparts by 2015.

Mission:

1. To formulate national narcotics control strategy by taking into account of drugs situation

2. To manage the narcotics control work as stipulated in the national narcotics control strategy

3. To supervise and direct the integration / codification of narcotics law enforcement and other related of narcotics control laws

4. To cooperate with the foreign countries / international organizations / communities in fighting against illicit drugs

5. To monitor, examine and keep a close watch over the epidemic of drugs


Example Case - Between 6-7th September 2011, ONCB has known that there is a “Lee Saw” man selling “Yaba” around Chiang Mai and Lam-Poon. ONCB are planning trick to arrest them and finally they got 200,000 pills of Yaba. 2.2 Office of the Attorney General (สํานักงานอัยการสูงสุด) Office of the Attorney General is responsible for all criminal proceedings, civil proceedings and providing legal advice to governments and government agencies. Office of the Attorney General is related with drug problem on the laws side. 2.3 Department of Corrections (กรมราชทัณฑ) The main property of this office is to control the prisoner. They have special plan for drug prisoner to therapy them and make them better people after they have finished their penalty. The control of drug problem can see in prison and they aimed to suppression them too. Vision: To become an efficient agency in keeping into custody and rehabilitating prisoners in order to. Mission:

• Professionally keeping prisoners in custody • Rehabilitating prisoners with efficiency.

Example case - Department of Corrections recognizes the old building converted into a prison condo. This condo is special use for the identification and detention of suspects of drug cases. From the prison overcrowding and stuffing problems, Department of Corrections identified more than 2,600 in Bangkok prisons. - Prison officials of Song-Khla have confiscated 24 tubes of ice, which is stuffed into the chicken soup smuggled to prisoners. Then control 4 visitors to extend the network into prison gang of drug traffickers. 2.4 Department of Special Investigation DSI is one of famous department in Thailand, because a lot of famous case is under control of DSI. DSI is compatible to every kind of case from drug to crime. Case that will under control of DSI is a kind of complex case that needs special technique in investigation.

Example Case - DSI has been reported from northern sources said. The process of manufacturing methamphetamine precursor transport. On 30th June 2011 at approximately 18:10 pm, DSI and co-accused were arrested three people With 10 bags of pills (approximately 1 million pills) at BKK.


2.5 Anti-Money Laundering Anti-Money Laundering is a state agency that has authority to set rules and ensure compliance with the law to prevent and suppression of money laundering. And the audit of financial information related to money laundering. Anti-Money Laundering is related to drug problem with the plan to protect laundering the money from selling drug. 3 Ministry of Public Health 3.1 Food and Drug Administration Food and Drug Administration has the special department that work with drugs call Narcotic Control Division. Because of using of drug and medicine in medic, there are some drugs that except from Food and Drug Administration and allowed to use. The property of this division is to filtered and scan drug. There is not only Food and Drug Administration that under the control of Ministry Of Public Health. There are another hospital and department that will give advice and make therapy for drug-addicted people. We can see that there are too many department that undertake this problem Example - Thanyarak’s Institute, Department of Medical Services - Hospital Accreditation or HA – this department is use to guarantee the hospital 4 Army - Royal Thai Army - Royal Thai Navy - Royal Thai Air force


Arrest/Seizure/Raids/Operations (statistics) 1 Statistics on Drug Cases and Offenders in Thailand (Year 2001- 2010)

2 Statistics on Major Drug Seizures and Cases in Thailand (2002-June 2010)

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Offender in Thailand

0 20 40 60 80

100 120

Million of Tablets

0 200 400 600 800

1000 1200

Kilogram

0 50,000

100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000

Drug Cases

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

Drug Cases

0 500

1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

Drug Cases

1 Methamphetamine (YABA)

2 Heroins

b

b


0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

Kilogram

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000

100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000

Tablets

0

50

100

150

200

Tablets

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Kilograms

0 5,000

10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

Drug Cases

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Drug Cases

0 50

100 150 200 250 300 350

Drug Cases

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Drug Cases

3 Dried Marihuana

5 Ketamine

4 Ecstasies

b

6 Volatile Substances

b


0

200

400

600

800

Kilograms

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Drug Cases

8 Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (ICE)


Statistic of arrest in ASEAN member countries of the NSB from June 2009

until at present

No. Nationality Number

of case

Number

of Arrest

Type of exhibit Number of exhibit

1 Laos 25

1

31

1

• Methamphetamine

pills (YABA)

• Dry cannabis

• Cocaine

• Ecstasy

• Immigration Law

107,221 pills

403 kilograms

12.8 grams

1 pill

2 Malaysia 18 21 • Methamphetamine

Crystal (ICE)

• Methamphetamine

pills (YABA)

• Ketamine

• Ecstasy

• Erimin5

40,674.55 grams

224,000 pills

30.18 grams

7438.5 pills

73 pills

3 Myanmar 30

2

2

1

42

2

2

1

• Methamphetamine

pills (YABA)

• Methamphetamine

Crystal (ICE)

• Heroin

• Immigration Law

1,153,404 pills

22,400.5 grams

182 grams

4 Vietnam 1 1 • Methamphetamine

Crystal (ICE)

3,700 gram

5 Cambodia 6 6 • Methamphetamine 4,910 pills

6 Brunei - - - -

7 Philippine 6

1

1

9

1

1

• Cocaine

• Methamphetamine

Crystal (ICE)

• Heroin

11,760 pills

3,080 grams

2.6 grams

8 Singapore - - - -

9 Indonesia 1 - • Methamphetamine

Crystal (ICE)

6000 grams

TOTAL 51 118


Asset Forfeiture

There are two major legislations applied for forfeiture of property in Thailand. As a signatory to the 1988 UN Drug Convention, Thailand has firstly enacted the Act on Measures for the Suppression of Offenders in an Offence Relation to Narcotics B.E.2S34 (1991) as a criminal forfeiture law allowing law enforcement agencies to manage properties seized and forfeited in drug criminal cases. The proceeds from the sale of forfeited assets are used to further law enforcement initiatives to fight against drugs and to distribute to the Narcotics Control Fund after the owner convicted of a crime. Later on, the Anti Money Laundering Act B.E.2S24 (1999) was also enacted in 1999 as a civil asset forfeiture law applying asset seizure measure to seven predicate offences including the drug offence. At present, after amended in 2001, this law could be applied for one more' predicate offence of terrorism. In case that the said two laws could not be applied, personal income tax examination would be imposed under the Thai Revenue Code as an additional measure for prosecuting drug criminal suspects committing tax evasion. All these measures aim to cripple money influences of drug traffickers. In 2010, under the Act on Measures for the Suppression of Offenders in an Offence Relating to Narcotics B.E.2534 (1991}, the total value of assets seized was at 1,1


Solution

Treatment& Rehabilitation DRUG ABUSERS AND ADDICTS ARE REGARDED AS "PATIENTS" WHO SHOULD

RECEIVE APPROPRIATE TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION. Drug addicts and abusers are encouraged to report themselves to the authorities for further treatment and rehabilitation provided in various modules. Drug abusers and addicts are classified before entering the treatment and rehabilitation system. Self-report drug abusers are sent to behavioral-psycho-social modification programs run by agencies concerned while self-report drug addicts are sent to voluntary treatment facilities. Vocational training schemes are given to those who have already undergone treatment and rehabilitation. Aftercare services are also provided to assist recovering addicts or users to reintegrate into their communities.

Number of addicts who undergo drug treatment classified by types of drugs

Number of person in treatment classified by treatment system

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000

100,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Methamphetamine

Heroin

Opium

Volatile Substance

Ecstasy

Cocaine

Katom

Marijuana

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Correctional

Compulsary

Voluntary


One problem in the drug addiction treatment and rehabilitation in Thailand is the

majority of addicts use stimulants. The withdrawal symptoms are not as severe as

depressant addiction. Therefore, the persons themselves, persons closed to them, and

the general public is not aware of the problem until the impacts are obvious or persons

under intoxication create problems. Methamphetamine in tablet form or Yaba remains the

main drug of abuse. However, ice or crystalline methamphetamine has been increasing. A

large number of former Yaba users have turned to inhalants or volatile substances.

Inclusion of volatile substance addicts under compulsory treatment

In 2007, realizing that volatile substances abuse has increasingly widespread

and become a serious problem particularly among children and youths, the Ministry of

Public Health proposed an amendment of the Volatile Substances Abuse Prevention law to

encourage volatile substances abusers to enter voluntary treatment and otherwise are

subject to compulsory treatment under the Drug Addicts Rehabilitation Act 2002. The

inclusion' has become effective on July 1st

, 2008. Volatile abusers are classified into 3

groups, i.e., abusers, addicts, and addicted with psycho-neuron problems.

While health personnel are preparing to cope with volatile substances abusers,

intensive campaigns are also launched to raise public awareness on the seriousness of

volatile substances abuse to mobilize social participation in monitoring the problem, to

raise awareness among children and youths, and to mobilize cooperation from involved

business sector to prevent the abuse.

Hospital accreditation for addiction treatment and rehabilitation

In Thailand there are voluntary treatment system, compulsory treatment

system, and convictional treatment system. Approximately 1,044 treatment facilities

provide voluntary treatment, 71 facilities for compulsory treatment and 171 facilities for

conviction treatment. Both health personnel, and non-health personnel provide these

treatment services. Therefore, Thailand has tried to standardize the services through

hospital accreditation or HA. Currently, there are criteria on treatment facilities and

rehabilitation centres in all system, i.e. voluntary, compulsory and correctional system.

Furthermore, a temple 'is also accredited for drug rehabilitation. Up to present, there are

more than 300 temples that were already inspected and accredited.


Establishment of drug treatment networks

Academic networks of various bodies have further developed research and

development, as well as best practices from projects implemented in Thailand. For

instances, The Office of the Narcotics Control Board has created a network with

universities in four regions to do researches and organize an annual academic meeting.

Also, Thanyarak Institute, which is a key agency under Ministry of Public Health in

providing knowledge on drug treatment, annually

Organizes an academic meeting on drug treatment. The purpose is to provide an

opportunity for drug treatment practitioners from various organizations, both under and

'not under Ministry of Public Health, to present their works and share knowledge with

each other. Moreover, the Department of Health Service Support, Ministry of Public Health,

organizes a knowledge-sharing forum on drug treatment and rehabilitation management

for participating provinces.

Community-based programme

Thailand has been prioritizing the community-based drug treatment and

rehabilitation. For example, The Office of the Narcotics Control Board provided financial

support to the civil society in the community-based rehabilitation project with an objective

to develop 14 model community-based drug treatment and rehabilitation centres. Also,

the Department of Medical Services, the Department of Religious Affairs and the Office of

the Narcotics. Control Board jointly developed and provided a quality assurance to

temples providing drug rehabilitation services in community. And Probation Offices has

implemented a pilot project on community-based drug rehabilitation by using community

centres on sufficient economy as a place for rehabilitating patients in a compulsory

system.

Thailand has emphasized on reintegration of patients. Complete treatment

and report systems have been established, from searching, screening, treatment and

rehabilitation, patient discharge to aftercare and assistance service after reintegration

into the community. Every province is required to establish its own assistance centre.

Currently, many areas can operate on their own though still in limited scope. Thailand is

developing and improving this matter by learning from the Rayong Model Project in which

a complete assistance centre is established and formal agreements are signed between

the centre and private workplaces to employ persons who underwent a treatment. The

Office of the Narcotics Control Board has documented a best practice from the Rayong

Model and distributed to concerned agencies nationwide.


Drug addict’s treatment and rehabilitation of Yingluck Government Policy The government wants to see 400,000 of addicts return to be a good person in the society by divided treatment in to three levels including heavy patient, moderated patient and a little patient. For heavy and moderated patient must cooperate with the development of citizen school of Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Public Health. For a little patient will get the narcotic knowledge and acquire some new occupation for them by responsibility of local governed organization.

Drug rehabilitation of Wat Tham Krabok

Wat Tham Krabok has gained global notoriety for its heroin and opium drug

rehabilitation program, which was started in 1959. Over 100,000 heroin and opium

addicts have since gone through the unique Wat Tham Krabok detox program, which

includes Buddhist meditation, Asian herbal supplementation used for relaxation, induced

vomiting, and the consumption of a secret detoxification potion made of over 100

unknown Asian herbs.

After failing in other detox programs, a number of popular Western drug addicts

have sought treatment at Wat Tham Krabok, including British punk rock musician Pete

Doherty, rock music singer Christy Dignam of Aslan, American computer underground

personality Patrick K. Kroupa and British singer songwriter Tim Arnold.

In 2004, Tim Arnold's success story was the subject of many news articles in the

UK, he subsequently became a permanent Tham Krabok resident and favorite 'son' of the

monastery's abbot, Luang Por Charoen.


Relapse Prevention

The first stages of an addiction relapse happen long before the drug or drink again

enters the body. It starts when the addict returns to their old ways of thinking and coping.

It may be weeks or even months later before the addict actually uses again.

This means that there is almost always time for successful relapse prevention. Relapse

prevention is a part of all of the programs we offer.

Relapse prevention includes both planning and a commitment to following that

plan. Because there are numerous warning signs before a relapse occurs, a key part of a

relapse prevention plan is being honest with you about what events might trigger a

relapse, and determining how to respond - ahead of time.

Why is relapse prevention necessary?

In theory, yes but there are plenty of addicts who relapse and never find their way

back into sobriety. The journey from addiction to recovery has often been described as a

trip to hell and back. After escaping from hell, do you really want to go back there again,

and risk not finding your way home?

To Solve Social Surrounding

It chooses to be the best way to avoid drug addicts to relapse again. To provide

training occupation, looking for a jobs arrangement and social work might help the drug

addicts who are unemployed in the occupation to gain knowledge and ability for getting

back to enter to society again. The guidance consults to parents for understanding

problem and get help each other in correctly ways so; a chance to get back again will be

less. The arrangement has to serve the public health in Thai mountain village at the

beginning, which uses the opium to edit and treat as a medicine. To solve public

community problem such as unlawful assemble place problem, temptation place, slum,

poorness, unemployment, adolescent problem, and the attitude of the narcotic and drug

addicts will contribute to prevent and do not make them to relapse again. As you can see

that an environment solving is very hard to do but, a good treatment and rehabilitation

will have an aim to get them back to enter in the society and environment with permanent

occupation.


CONCLUSION/ RECOMMENDATION AND OUR ANALYSIS

AS WE WELL AWARE THAT THE MATTER OF NARCOTICS SUPPRESSION, ONE

CANNOT WORK ALONE AND BE SUCCEED. THE COUNTERPART OF THIS MATTER HAS TO BE

UNITED AND REFRESH CONTINUOUSLY, WE ARE SOME WAY RELY ON ONE ANOTHER TO

MAKE THIS TASK SUCCEED. NARCOTICS PROBLEM IS GLOBAL PHENOMENA AND INDEED

NEED THE GLOBAL RESPONSE, CREATING CLOSE-KNIT COMMUNITIES. PROMOTING THE

CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION AS ESSENTIAL PART OF ALL METHOD, JOINT IN HAND AND

SHARE INFORMATION. MEETING IN REGULAR BASIS THROUGH THE COMMITMENT AND

SAME MUTUAL INTEREST WE SHARE INFORMATION. ABOVE ALL MEETING MAY NOT ABOUT

THE PRODUCTIVITY ALONE. BUT IT'S ALSO FORMING THE IMAGE AND TRUSTING ON ONE

ANOTHER. ORGANIZED CRIME CONTINUES TO EVOLVE AS LAW ENFORCEMENT BECOME

MORE ADEPT AT INFILTRATING THEIR OPERATION WORK CLOSELY WITH ITS PARTNER TO

ENSURE OUR CONTINUED SUCCESS AGAINST THESE CRIMINALS STAND FOR VALUE OF

INTERNATIONAL POLICING PARTNERSHIP IN COMBATING NARCOTICS CRIME

For solution analysis

SOFT POWER

THE ROYAL DUTIES is should be the foundation to solving the drug

problem. The main solutions of the king are:

• Provide the education and instill into people mind.

• Give the occupation to make people rely on themselves.

• Develop the quality of human’s life.

• Established the Royal School to create the foundation of occupation.

The result that shown this foundation is work is the solving of opium

problem in the North of Thailand (mountain tribe)

• The Royal Project gain the income for the farmer around 450 million bath

in 2531

• Stop Opium cultivation by no violent.

In opposite ways

HARD POWER

In Thaksin Shinnawat period

A report from the Narcotics Control Board on the 2008 crime statistics

indicate that Thailand's rising 88 percent during the month of February to April

2003, which was a government crackdown on drug traffickers vigorously. With

the 2873 murder case in 1370 is related to drug cases.


The result

The drug is decrease when the hard power in action state. But when stop

using the hard power the double effect is breaking out immediately.


Reference

OFFICE OF THE NARCOTICS CONTROAL BOARDS

- http://www.oncb.go.th/

UNITED NATION OFFICE ON DRUG AND CRIME (UNODC)

- http://www.unodc.org/

The Asia-Pacific NGO on Drug and Substance Abuse Prevention (ASPAC-NGO)

- http://www.aspacngo.org/

DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (DEA)

- http://www.justice.gov/dea/

ROYAL THAI POLICE

- http://www.royalthaipolice.go.th/

DEPARTMENT OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATION (DSI)

- http://www.dsi.go.th/

TV BURABHA

- http://www.tvburabha.com/

NCCD

- http://www.nccd.go.th/

Superintendent of Foreign Affairs Sub-Division

General staff Division, Narcotics Suppression Bureau

- Office 02-521-8087

World Drug Report 2011

- UNODC e-book http://www.unodc.org

100 Years of Drugs Control

- UNODC e-book http://www.unodc.org

Drug Problem Thailand based

Education

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