7/25/2019 drought prone area program

1/5

Rural Development andmanagement

Assignment-1

Farhana.K

2120200095

8 th Sem, 4 th Year

B. Planning

SPA Vijayawa a

7/25/2019 drought prone area program

2/5

DROUGHT PRONE AREAS PROGRAMME,

1970!ntr" #$ti"n%

Drought - Prone Area Programme (DPAP) was launched by Central Government as apart of Rural Works Prog ramme in 1970-71, in 54 DPAP units spread over 13 s tates inthe cou ntry, according to Fourth Five y ear pl an. Towards t he en d of Fourth Five YearPlan, the programme was changed to Area Development Scheme. This program waslaunched to tackle the special prob lems faced by those fragile areas, which areconstantly affected by severe d rought conditions. The total area cov ered as d roughtprone d istricts w as 585, 000 sq. Kms, with a p opulation of 600 lakhs. The p rogrammecovered about 12% of the, total population (1971 Census) and about 19% of the t otalarea o f the co untry.

Drought is o ne o f the m ost frequently occurring national disasters i n India. With itsincreased frequency and expanded coverage in the re cent years, about one third ofthe co untry is ei ther d rought prone o r u nder d esert areas. These ar eas are l agging

behind in agriculture and als year-to-year uctuations in agricultural production and incomes and have arelatively high incidence of poverty. Drought pr one areas program came up byconsidering that, it is necessary to formulate and implement an appropriatedevelopment s trategy, for the drought p rone areas that r epresent a major factorcontributing to regional imbalances i n development of t he co untry. As com pared toother ar eas, the d rought prone t racts ar e m ore v ulnerable t o ecological degradation,leading to an increasing economic d ependency a nd social deprivation.

O &je$ti'e( ") Pr"gramme%The basi c objective of the p rogramme was to m inimise the ad verse effects of droughton production of crops an d livestock and productivity of land, water and humanresources ultimately leading to drought proong of the affected areas. Theprogramme also aimed to promote overall economic development and improvingthe socio-economic conditions of t he resource poor and disadvantaged sectionsinhabiting the programme areas. The programme aimed at promoting overalleconomic d evelopment and improving the soc io-economic condition of the r esource

poor and disadvantaged sections inhabiting the p rogramme ar eas through creation,widening and equitable d istribution of the r esource base an d increased employment

2

7/25/2019 drought prone area program

3/5

opportunities. The o bjectives of t he p rogramme w ere b eing addressed in general bytaking up development works through watershed approach for land development,water resource development and afforestation/pasture d evelopment.

*elineati"n +riteria #(e )"r r"#ght r"ne area(%

The d elineation criteria a dopted for d eciding Drought prone are as w ere o n basis of : Incidence o f rainfall over a p eriod of time; Extent of irrigated area in the d istrict; Environmental conditions l ike p roximity to the i rrigated tracts p roviding better Employment; Availability of other avenues of employment in the same ar ea; Existence of schemes amenable to long-term economic development and; Chronic l iability of drought.

Initially, this p rogramme l aid emphasis o n the co nstruction of labour-intensive ci vilworks. But later on, it emphasised on irrigation projects, land developmentprogrammes, afforestation, grassland development an d creation of basic ruralinfrastructures such as electricity, r oads, m arket, cr edit and services. N ationalCommittee on Development of Backward Areas reviewed the performance of thisprogramme. It was observed that this programme was largely conned to thedevelopment of ag riculture and allied sectors w ith a major focus on restoration ofecological balance. Since growing population pressure was forcing the society toutilise the marginal lands for agriculture, an d, thereby causing ecologicaldegradation, there w as a need to create a lternative employment opportunities i n thedrought prone a reas. The o ther s trategies of d evelopment of t hese a reas i ncluded theadoption of integrated watershed development ap proach at t he micro-level. Therestoration of ecol ogical balance b etween water, soil, plants, and human and theanimal population had to be a b asic consideration in the strategy of development ofdrought-prone areas . Planning Commission of India ( 1967) had identied 67 d istricts(entire or partly) o f t he country prone to drought. Irrigation Commission (1972)introduced the criterion of 30 percent i rrigated area and demarcated the droughtprone areas . Broadly, the d rought prone areas in India sp read over a sem i-arid andarid tract of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western Madhya Pradesh, Marathwada region ofMaharashtra, Rayalseema and Telangana plateaus of A ndhra Pradesh, Karnatakaplateau and highlands an d interior p arts of Tamil Nadu. The d rought-prone ar eas ofPunjab, Haryana and north-Rajasthan were largely protected due to the spread ofirrigation in these reg ions.

The schemes pr oposed were necessary to be labour intensive in nature an d were to be regarded as additive to

with other r elevant development programmes i n the d istrict for e nsuring full impact.Furthermore, the d istricts w ere exp ected to have an other set of pre-planned schemes

3

7/25/2019 drought prone area program

4/5

with well- d ened priorities for execu tion in the event of occurrence o f a faminewhile t he ab ove programme w as bei ng implemented. The gen eral order of prioritiessuggested was Medium and Minor irrigation projects, Soil conservation &afforestation; and Village an d District roads. It was assu med that for every R s. 1 cr ore

of expenditure of programme, employment for 25-30,000 persons would begenerated.

Pre(ent S$enari" ") *PAP 19-0

DPAP (Drought Prone Area Programme), which was a m ajor intervention for thedevelopment of drought prone ar eas, has un dergone a l ot of changes d uring the p astfew decades. In 1989, Integrated Watershed Development Programme (IWDP) waslaunched under the support of N ational Wasteland Development Board for thedevelopment of wastelands on a w atershed basis. In this context, In 1994, a TechnicalCommittee under Chairmanship of Professor C.H. Hanumantha Rao was appointedto appraise the impact of DPAP / DDP and suggest measures for improvement. Thecommittee recommended a common set of operational guidelines and expenditurenorms for t he three p rogrammes of Ministry of Rural Development. Accordingly, theGuidelines for w atershed Development were framed and brought into force from 1stApril 1995. These guidelines were chan ged in 2001 and further in 2003 and werenamed Haryali Guidelines. Later, the 11th Plan has stressed upon developingconcerted action plans for rain fed areas in close consultation with the StateGovernments. Accordingly, the Common Guidelines for Watershed Development,2008 have been issued and made effective from 1.4.2008. Since 26. 2.2009, the threewatershed programmes of the Department of Land Resources namely DPAP, DDPand IWDP have been consolidated as a comprehensive programme namedIntegrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP). Integrated WastelandsDevelopment Programme So, at present, the Integrated Wastelands DevelopmentProgramme (IWDP), Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) and DesertDevelopment Programme (DDP) are running as a consolidated single programmenamed Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) in place of all theabove mentioned three Area Development Programmes. This programme comesunder Ministry of Rural Development at present.

e)eren$e% Planning Commission(1981),Report on Development of drought prone

areas,New Delhi Author, (2015), planning a nd Sustainable Development in Indian

context(Chapter 9), New Delhi, NCERT Gurjar, R.K. (eds.), (1994), Drought Planning in India, Printwell, Jaipur

Web m aterials:DPAP, http,//rural.nic.in/book00-01/ch-21.pdf

4

7/25/2019 drought prone area program

5/5

Government of India (2000), Contingency P lan for D rought 2000,http,//ndmindia.nic.in/documents/document.htmlGktoday(2011), http://www.gktoday.in/drought-prone-area-programme/

5

http://www.gktoday.in/drought-prone-area-programme/http://www.gktoday.in/drought-prone-area-programme/