Driving Transformation to Energy Efficient Buildings, Johnson Controls, Low-res Final

7/28/2019 Driving Transformation to Energy Efficient Buildings, Johnson Controls, Low-res Final

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DRIVING TRANSFORMATIONTO ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS:Policies and Actions

Katrina ManaganProgram Manager

Institute for Building Efciency

Monica ArayaSenior Visiting Fellow


Jennifer LaykeDirector


In collaboration with the following organizations:

Business Council for Sustainable Energy, Center for Clean Air Policy,

U.S. Green Building Council, and World Green Building Council

December 2011


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FOREWORD

Current projections indicate that 70 percent of the worlds population will live in cities by 2050. Buildings

form the fabric of these rapidly growing urban landscapes. Climate, energy and economic development

objectives can only be met if we increase the energy and resource efciency of our buildings, thereby

lowering their environmental impact and their operating costs.

Today, buildings are not being built at scale in an energy and resource efcient way. This paper reviews

policy options available to accelerate energy efciency improvements in the built environment. Many

developing countries are in the process of developing Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs),

low-carbon development plans (LEDs), and actions at the city level to improve the efciency of new

and existing buildings. Taken together, NAMAs, LEDs and city actions all offer new opportunities for

accelerating and scaling up building efciency in emerging economies.

This report was made possible thanks to the BCSE, CCAP, WGBC, USGBC and the dedication from countless

individuals included in the Acknowledgementssection.

SustainableEnergy

The Business Council for


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ExEcutivE Summary

Eee S 3

BiG PicturE

te Eono nd Enonen Oppon n Eneg Efen Bdngs 9

tnsfo Bdngs: a Po Pw o n Eneg Efen 21B Enonen

ce aons: Namas fo e B Enonen 35

POlicy OPtiONS

Bdng Efen codes nd Sndds 45

Eneg Efen ipoeen tges 51

inese aweness: infoon nd mke tnspen 55

Fnn inenes 61

aons fo ues 65

cp Bdng 69

DESiGN/imPlEmENtDesgn Fnn Pw 73

tk ress 79

Ge Sed 85

acKNOWlEDGEmENtS

aknowedgeens 91

taBlE OF cONtENtS


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ts pge ef nenon bnk.


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ExEcutivE Summary


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www.inseBE.o inse fo Bdng Efen

ExEcutivE Summary

Eneg efen n e b enonen s o eng e, eneg nd deeopenobjees n eegng eonoes. tee s nesed eognon e os of edngeneg onspon s owe n e os of geneng new eneg. B e se nd peof en ons ond e wod e nsfen o nsfo e b enonen no nengne of e ow-bon eono.

Bdngs fo e fb of e pd gowng bn ndspe. Eneg efen bdngsbng n benes o e ownes, e opns, nd soe s woe. Ownes benefo owe openg oss de o eded eneg sge, nd opns fo gee ofoog bee nson nd gng. Benes o soe s woe nde edng geenosegs essons, nesng eneg se, nd pong q og owe onsponof ee, e jo of w oes fo bnng foss fes.

mkngnewb so existingbdngs oe efen wodwde offes oe poen bonesson gon n n oe jo been seg. ts dede s fo e

sndpon of bn nfse de o eod ees of bnon n deeopng ones.cn, fo epe, s epeed o dd oe n we e on of en u.S. ofe spebeween 2000 nd 2020.1

inesng e efen of e b enonen se n so ep poe e q offe of ons of peope. te benes of nesng n bdng efen go beond enegsngs nd sod be foed no e on of os-effeeness. mpe eono,enonen nd so benes e fo onsng nd eong efen bdngs,s we s fo desons eed o e oon. in soe deeopng ones, e skes eeen ge: Fe o nes n efen, esen nfse w p sk osnds f noons of peope. Dedes of deeopen od be p sk n nes wee bdngs e

poo dped o wsnd eee wee eens.aeng sneges beween eneg efen nd e esene objees poses enge fo pokes bese gon nd dpon e eed n soon wnos ones po pnnng nd n e nenon e ege. in e bdng efenon, e esene ens new e of wok, og nogos effos efosed on pepedness fo eqkes nd oods. W e g desgn, n bdngs nbe de oe esen o e ps of e nge. te weness of e benes ofdepong nesen no e esene n e b enonen s on e se, espe e ee.2

tee e oppones o poe e eneg efen of bdngs e sge n e

bdngs fe. a e sge, bes o eneg efen s be oeoe n ode oee e f eono poen of eneg efen. tod, nbe of po opons ebeng deeoped ond e wod o ke e of ese bes. tese poes w epbdge e efen gp, enbng os n e ke o ke desons foeneg efen. E on o s p e own po pw o nsfo eb enonen n w s os ppope fo e.


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inse fo Bdng Efen www.inseBE.o

te of s ppe s o eew policy options available for policymakers in developingcountries that can accelerate energy efciency improvements in the built environment andtrack results over time. i eews een eps o nsfo bdngs og po,dssses opons fo goenen on nd po nd ones pw o peenon.te opons fo goenen on nd po f no s egoes.

Figure 1.Lifecycle of a Building

Figure 2.Policies Can Enable Transformation

BuildingEfficiency

Codes

Targets

Awareness Incentives

Utilities

CapacityBuilding

Design Construction

TenantBuild-Out

Operation andMaintenanceSale/Lease

Retrofit

Source: Institute for Building Efciency (2011)



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Building efciency codes and standards e ego oos eqe n eeof eneg efen n bdngs, ppnes, eqpen o gng. if e e we desgned,e n os-effee deese eneg oss oe e fee of bdng, ppne,eqpen o g bb.

Energy efciency improvement targets e gos n be se fo on o . Seng ge fo n ene geogp n oe gee on, espe f ee s n en

esponsbe fo eeng ge. in ddon, goenens n se efen poeenges fo pb-owned bdngs o bd p nd se e bdng efenke.

Policies and actions that increase awareness, nfoon nd ke nspen nenbe bdng ownes, enns nd opeos o ke nfoed eneg ngeendesons. tnspen, e nfoon n ep k pefone gns gos. tesepoes nd ons nde opeons, ds, ng nd eon pogs kelEED, dsose of eneg pefone, nd pb weness pgns.

Financial incentives n ep eneg efen pojes oeoe os bes. tesende gns nd ebes, nenes, goenen sk gon gnees, eong

on fnds, -en nnng, nd poes enbe eneg pefone onng.

Utility programs engge es n kng e soes oe eneg efen. tesepes of pogs nde eneg efen spendng eqeens fo es, on-bnnng, nd dned eeng nd png o oe e pe ee.

Human and technical capacity n be b og poes nd ons bo nsde goenenog de en sssne nd n e ke og wokfoe nng pogs.

tee e ee pses n deeopng nn be eneg efen pogs. ine readiness phase, e po pw s dened nd p s b w enbe eke o se p oe e. in e prototyping phase, goenens sppo e deeopen

nd nnng of n pojes nd ons. in e pse wen e market goes to scale, oees ss, nnng enss w be needed enbe e ke o se p.

tkng e ess of bdng efen ons needs o be done e po ee, nddbdng ee nd onse ee n ode o ow os o ke good eneg ngeendesons nd o e ee pogess owd eneg efen gos.

a en onson fo s poje s ge oppon ess fo oboonbeween deson-kes nd e bdng efen on n e eon of effee,esbe eneg efen po fo e b enonen. Nee befoe e so ngoenens nnoned e nenons o desgn ow-bon deeopen pns. a nqe

oppon eeges fo e bdng efen seo f new oboon w poneengones n be eed, eeb epng eee epeenon nd peenonond bdng efen nd esene.

te desgn of eneg efen po fo e b enonen n eegng eonoesndng nationally appropriate mitigation actions(Namas) nd low-carbon developmentstrategies podes onee en pon fo oboon.


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Performance trackingoffes ke e fo obnng know-ow n e ssessen ofeneg sngs e bdng ee (m&v) nd n e ssessen of po (mrv).

te benes ng fo bdng efen go beond eneg sngs nd essonedons, eng oppones fo po neenons nene negedbuilding design.

Sng p bdng efen w eqe new forms of engagement with the investorcommunity o desgn sbe, epbe nnng enss w spe fos oneegng eonoes.

rEFErENcES aND rESOurcES

1. lwene Bekee Non lbooes (2007), Eneg se n cn, Seo ends ndfe oook.

2. Fo n epe, see resen ces: te Gob Fo, ogned nn b iclEi(p://esen-es.e.og/bonn2011/bo/) o e onso of ponesp://www.esen.og


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BiG PicturE

te Eono nd Enonen Opponn Eneg Efen Bdngs

tnsfo Bdngs:a Po Pw o n Eneg Efen B Enonen

ce aons:Namas fo e B Enonen


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thE EcONOmic aNDENvirONmENtal OPPOrtuNityiN ENErGy EFFiciENt BuilDiNGS

Bdngs fo e fb of e pd gowng bn ndspe. Enegefen bdngs bng n benes o e ownes, e opns,nd soe s woe. Ownes bene fo owe openg oss deo eded eneg sge, nd opns fo gee ofo ogbee nson nd gng. Benes o soe s woe ndeedng geenose gs essons, nesng eneg se, ndpong q og owe onspon of ee, ejo of w oes fo bnng foss fes.

EcONOmic DEvElOPmENt GOalS

aND EFFiciENt BuilDiNGSBdngs e ose onneed o e eono, e wokfoe, enn sse, e enonen nd e d es of e ses.Bdngs e e e of n eono nd enonen engesfng es nd ones od. in eegng eonoes, new g-qbdngs w be needed o ee bnon needs nd eonodeeopen gos. in ddon, n esng bdngs w need o bepgded o dee bee pefone nd ep ee geeeono deeopen. a eendos oppon ess n eegngeonoes o peen poes od w dee bdngs

gn eono deeopen nd enonen gos.

The built environment is a large contributor to the global economy.

te b enonen w epnd pd n e ong dede.aodng o epo b Gob conson Pespees nd OfodEonos,1 e gob onson ke w gow fo $7.2on od o $12 on b 2020. B 2020, eegng kes won fo 55 peen of gob onson, p fo 46 peenod. and, onson w ke p 16.5 peen of GDP n eegngkes b 2020. mkng bdngs oe eneg efen w eeddon eono oppones nd epoen n e onson

seo.2

in ddon, nesng n eneg efen nfse odn dee sgnn os sngs oe e fe of e bdngs.

Buildings use over 80 percent of electricity globally. rededeneg se n efen bdngs n sow e gow of powe pns,w n bee fnds fo oe so objees. mkng e besse of esng spp s so o pong ess o eneg,espe n g-gow ones s s B, cn nd ind.3

Cost-Effective Emission Reduction

Eneg efen bdngs e sosgnn nd os-effee g

of geenose gs essons.

Increased Resilience to the Impact

Climate Change: Eneg efenbdngs og neged desgn

nese bdng dpb o sewee ondons.

Foster Sustainable Urbanization:inesng n bdng efen n

eegng eonoes bd ssnbones nd od okng n essons d pd bnon.

Public policies can stimulate mark

for building efciency: Bdngefen ees n e bsnoppon pb po n

se og e g ofnenes nd ons o ke

bes.


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in ddon, os ee s geneed b bnng foss fes ke o nd n gs,esng n geenose gs essons s bdng ses n on e gs, n ppnes,nd e nd oo e bdngs.

Buildings consume nearly 40 percent of energy globally. te onse oe 50 peenof eneg gob f onson es e onsdeed.4 mos eneg s poded bbnng foss fes, nd so seep nese n e os of foss fes n e jo

onseqenes fo soo-eono gow. Efen bdngs se eneg, nd eefoee de poe e bne of de of foss fe pong ones, epng opoe ose ones fo nenon ons n eneg pes.5 inesng eon of o enewbe eneg n e ee gd s n pon opeen o enegefen, b enewbe eneg s no e fos of s ppe.

Efcient buildings can help reduce fuel poverty for low-income residents. cobnonsof ow-noe ees, g eneg pes nd poo osng q n foe oseods ooose beween deqe eneg sees nd oe essens.6 uses of eneg-efenbdngs e ke o spend ess one eng nd oong e. te sngs n eneg-efen oe podes n be soe of ddon spendng powe fo ow-noe

esdens. Energy-efcient buildings can also be higher-quality buildings. Efen bdngs

e deqe ened end o be ee n onenon bdngs. Oe benesnde oe sbe ndoo es, w ess df fo wndows, ws, oos, nd engonsons n od es, nd bee sdng nd enon fo ess e enoenn o es. a of ese benes es n n poeen n e q of fe of bdngopns.

Air pollution produced by the combustion of fossil fuels used to make electricity is also

reduced. te esng poeens n q n ede e feqen of nessess s s nd ng ne, s we s owe e oe o e. 7 One sd

ned e e ps of nesng esden nson fo new osng n e u.S.fo en pe o pe. aodng o e inenon Eneg conseon code,oe 10 es, NO essons deesed b 30,000 ons nd SO

2essons deesed b

40,000 ons.8 anoe sd b e hd Soo of Pb he fond nsoneos of snge-f oes n e u.S. wod es n 100,000 fewe ons of NO nd190,000 fewe ons of SO

2pe e fo n esed 240 fewe des, 6,500 fewe s

ks, nd 110,000 fewe esed ds pe e.9

EFFiciENt BuilDiNGS: a SOurcE OF cOSt-EFFEctivE

EmiSSiON rEDuctiONSBdngs ke p ge poon of geenose gs essons od, nd nde bsness-s-s seno e w onbe een oe essons b 2030. Fo epe, e WodBnk eses bo 50 peen of e wods new bdng onson beween 2008nd 2015 w ke pe n cn, kng bdngs sgnn de bend cns geenosegs essons.10


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aodng o tenoog rodp opeed b e inenon Eneg agen (iEa), ow/eo-bon nd eneg-efen eng nd oong enooges fo bdngs e epoen o ede cO

2essons b p o 2 ggonnes (G) nd se 710 on onnes o

eqen (moe) of eneg b 2050. Oe enooges ke bdng se, gng nd sseono enooges e e poen o nese cO

2esson sngs n e bdngs

seo o 5.8 G b 2050, oweng essons b 83 peen beow e sds bsene seno.12

mos of ese enooges e oe be od. B iEa noes o ee seno w ese esson edons, song poes w be needed fo goenensond e wod. Poes n ee e eono ondons w enbe nson oow-bon bdngs.

Efen bdngs n ep ee bo eono nd e gos. mKnses been ose sows n eneg efen eses e nege os of beenfo cO

2e.13 ts sggess oe e fe of e bdng, e eneg sngs oweg e p-

fon os neses of desgnng nd onsng oe eneg efen bdng.

Figure 1.Current and Projected Building Sector Emissions by World Region

Central and

Eastern Europe,

Former Soviet

Union

North America,

Western

Europe, &

Pacific OECD

Asia Latin America Africa & The

Middle East

1800

1500

1200

900

600

300

0

2010 Emissions

2030 Emissions

CO2E

missions(MtC)

Source: IPCC A1 scenario, www.ipcc.ch 11


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te e benes of eneg efen bdngs so en eegng eonoes n pno e-eed dono fnds, s s e Gob Enonen Fnd, e ce inesenFnd, e Geen ce Fnd nd oe soes of nnng fo nationally appropriate

mitigation actionsnd low-carbon development plans.anoe sd b e inenon Eneg agen (iEa) sows f peened gob,eneg efen eses od dee wo-ds of e edons of e eneg-eedcO

2essons needed o oe fo bsness-s-s o 450 pp jeo b 203015, w

os been ong fo end-se eses.

Figure 2.Global GHG Abatement Cost Curve Beyond Business-As-Usual 2030

Residential electronicsResidential appliances

Retrofit residential HVAC

Tillage and residue mgmt

Insulation retrofit (residential)

Cars full hybrid

Waste recycling

Lighting switch incandescent to LED (residentialInsulation retrofit (commercial)

Motor systems efficiencyCropland nutrient management

Clinker substitution by fly ash

Electricity from landfill gasEfficiency improvements other industry

Rice management1st generation biofuelsSmall hydro

Reduced slash and burn agriculture conversionReduced pastureland conversion

Grassland managementGeothermal

Organic soil restoration

Building efficiencynew build

Degraded land restorationPastureland afforestation

NuclearDegraded forest restoration

Cars plug-in hybridLow penetration wind

2nd generationbiofuels Solar CSP

Solar PVHigh penetration wind

Power plant biomass

co-firingReduced intensiveagriculture conversion

Coal CSS new buildIron and steel CSS new build

Coal CSS retrofitGas plant CSS retrofit

60

5040

30

20

10

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70-80

-90

-100

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 38

Abatement potential

GtCO2e per year

Abatement cost

per tCO2e

Source: McKinsey & Co. Pathways to a low-carbon economy. Version 2 (2009)14


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Bdngs p oe n gob pkge of 25 poes on eneg efen sggesedb e iEa. Fe seps o kng bdngs oe efen ndng odes fo new bdngs,eneg efen n esng bdngs nd eon sees od dee 4.8 G of cO

2

edon.17 unde bsness-s-s seno, cO2essons fo bdngs wod nese

oe 14 G b 2030, oped o 8.6 G n 2004.18 Bese of e gon n be eog ow-os opons, no oe jo been ego n dee e gonpoen n be eed n s seo.19

Figure 3.End-Use Efciency: The Largest Abatement Potential to 2030

2007

42

38

34

32

30

28

26

40

36

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Reference Scenario

450 Scenario

Gt Share of abatement %

2020 2030

Efficiency 65 57

End-use 59 52

Power Plants 6 5

Renewables 18 20

Biofuels 1 3

Nuclear 13 10

CCS 3 10

3.8 Gt

13.8 Gt

Figure 4.The Mitigation Potential of the Built Environment to 2030

Buildings

Appliances

Lighting

Transport

IndustryRemaining CO2 emissions

after energy efficiency actions

MtCO2

45,000

35,000

25,000

20,000

40,000

30,000

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2028

2030

2014

2016

Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook (2009)16

Source: IEAs 25 Priority Measures to Achieve Energy Efciency (2011)20


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B 2050, en enooges od ede eneg se n bdngs b 41 peen nd od 11.5 G ofcO

2, o 40 peen of cO

2essons.21 m of e poen s fond n e deeopng wod.

reen nss b mKnse so oned bdngs s e seo w e ges eneg-sng poen nd dded e poen 1,562 ew-os (tW) n 2020, o 27 peenof e o ong deeopng nd nson eonoes.

EFFiciENt BuilDiNGS:

iNcrEaSED rESiliENcE tO thE imPactS OF climatE chaNGEEee wee n ffe bdngs bese ofincreased heat(ge epees n ese, ge pek epees, oe e wes, we ngs, oe es, bn esnds), nges n exposure to cold( owe epees n e wne, soe es wnesed wne pepon ofen s e, nd nsfe ondons n poo nsed oseods)nd/o nges n ess nd availability of water (poen eee sos, oods ndndsdes, nesed d, dogs, nd feswe s).

resene o e nge ps w need o be neged no e desgn, onsonnd ngeen of bdngs espe n deeopng ones wee ndeqe bdngs p sk e es of ons of peope. ineged desgns pn fo eneg efen

nd e esene poe bdng pefone n pe ws.23 ineged desgnoes n ep ones see ps oons of bdngs n nese eesene fo epe, b oosng ge oons nsed of oodpns. aso, efenbdngs se we n ede dend nd ep poe we ngeen n es. 24

Soe of e n ons n be nopoed n neged, e-fend desgn esggesed n Bo 1.

Table 1.Energy Savings Potential of Buildings

Gob 1,562

cn 660

mdde Es 193

res of Esen Eope 189

af 141

ln ae 136

ind 123

Source: World Economic Forum Scaling Up Low Carbon Infrastructure Investment inDeveloping Countries (2010)22


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We sgnn oppon ess o nese esene, ons e js begnnng. Fo now,ese effos onss of po pojes sppoed b nenon oopeon. te enge gongfowd s o denf sbe, nn be soons n be djsed nd eped.

EFFiciENt BuilDiNGS: KEy tO SuStaiNaBlE urBaNizatiON

ubnon s dng gow n onson. te eneg onspon of bdngs s epeedo se w bnon. in 2008, fo e s e n so, oe n f of e wods popon

3.3 bon peope ed n bn es. t nbe s epeed o nese o 5 bon b2030. S se of bn gow n deeopng ones s npeedened (See Fge 5).

Figure 5.The Pace of Urbanization is Rapid

80%

30%

10%

0%

60%

20%

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

1985

1990

Percentage of World Population

2035

2040

2045

2050

1995

40%

50%

70%

Urban

Rural

Box 1.Examples of Integrated Climate-Friendly Design in Buildings

Enned ses n nge fe wnds, sbsdene nd ee.

heng, enon, nd ondonng sses n be djsed fo newes s s es w nesed e wes.

Psse oong o od dsdng e n wosen e snds.

Dnge sses, peebe png nd enne esods n ndeoe nense nf.

Eeos of bdngs desgned o ede e gn n e se o beende e wes; nson ows poo oseods o s w dngeee od wnes; eeos pode e ee of pepon essneneeded fo new e.

We sge efen o ep ke feswe s.

Source: ICLEI Resilient Cities Conference (2011)

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division,World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision (2007)25


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ubnon s ppenng e fses es n eegng eonoes. Fo epe, oe f of ewods en popon es n as, nd 28 peen of ose peope w oe fo o bnes b 2050.

inesens n efen bdngs n p ke oe spng e bn eneg fe. a new

geneon of poopes fo bdng efen w need o espond pe bdng sesnd ondons. te sse nges bnon, gow nd eonodeeopen e bngng o bn enonens en ones nd es e ossods. te n oose o ok n eneg-nefen bdngs nd e opnnggeenose gs essons, o e n oose o pse ow-bon fe. tee s need od o desgn poes nd kes enbe bs sse nge n wos-effee, ow-bon oppones ke eneg efen e ped.

POliciES caN FurthEr BOOSt marKEtSFOr BuilDiNG EFFiciENcy

Bdng efen s g sessf bsness poposon fo n eneg see opnesnd oes ond e wod. Poes n enne ese kes b bekng down ndbdgng ke bes. One g sessf bsness ode od sng ow s kewoks n pe s eneg pefone onng. in eneg pefone onng, n enegsee opn pns nd eees eo of bdng o ke bdng oe enegefen. te eneg see opn en gnees e eneg sngs fo e soeog n eneg pefone on. Fge 7 ses ow s oo woks n pe.

Figure 6.Percent Population Growth in Urban Areas, 2000-2050

Source: NASA image. United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision (medium scenario)(2009)26


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Figure 7.Energy Performance Contracting

Contract expires

Guaranteed savingsas investment volume

Customersavings

New, reduced costs

with performance contracting

Previous

costs

Guarantee period begins

Energy/operatingc

osts

Time

Box 2.International School of Bangkok

an eneg efen eo poje os-effee nesed e eneg efennd oweed e bon essons of e inenon Soo of Bngkok.

Energy and Sustainability Solutions:

Air Conditioning Upgrade eoed esng ns nd nsed new eneg

efen ondonng ns (sp nd pkged) fo e ene ps. Lighting Retrots nsed gng eos n e b. reos nde

epng esng e de es w new t5 oesen es.

LEED Consulting onded Gp anss ssessen of e enbdngs poe o denf e neess seps needed o ee e lEEDeon eqeens. Deeoped odp o ep e soo ees go og fe pses of wok.

Results:

uS$122,111 sngs pe e 700 ons of cO

2

sngs 8.5 es nn pbk Pefone Gnee gneed ooe fo e pojes pefoneog n nn eseen nd eon pog.

te poje ws nned sng e t Eneg Efen reong Fnd, wpodes p no os o t bnks, w en podes ow-nees ons oeneg efen pojes.

a spe bdng eneg efen poeen poje, sng n eneg pefone on s

gged n e ne bo.

Source: Institute forBuilding Efciency,Energy PerformanceContracting, a Keyto Unlocking Capital

for EfciencyRetrots, (2010)27

Source: Johnson Controls, International School of Bangkok Case Study, (2011)28


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1.Gob conson Pespees nd Ofod Eonos, Gob conson 2020: a gobfoes fo e onson nds oe e ne dede o 2020. 2011. p://www.gobonson2020.o/

2. iEa (2008) Eneg Efen reqeens n Bdng codes, Eneg Efen Poes fo

New Bdngs. p://www.e.og/g8/2008/Bdng_codes.pdf3. Eneg Efen Poes ond e Wod: reew nd Eon. Wod Eneg con.

2008. p://www.wodeneg.og/doens/eneg_efen_es_n_onne.pdf

4. WBcSD (2010) tnsfong e mke. Eneg Efen n Bdngs. p://www.wbsd.og/epes/tepeWBcSD5/o.sp?pe=p&menid=mta5NQ&doOpen=1&ckmen=lefmen#

5. Psn Kpoo, 2011, Gde o inesng n Geene Bdng, iFc, Wod Bnk Gop,Wsngon Dc, m 2010.

6. iEa (2011) Eng e o-benes of ow-noe eneg-efen poges.p://www.e.og/pbons/fee_new_Des.sp?PuBS_iD=2414

7. See iPcc 2007. inenon Pne on ce cnge (iPcc). resden nd coeBdngs. ce cnge 2007: mgon. conbon of Wokng Gop iii o e Foassessen repo of e inegoenen Pne on ce cnge. p://www.p./pdf/ssessen-epo/4/wg3/4-wg3-pe6.pdf

8.inegng rsk assessen nd lfe ce assessen: a cse Sd of inson. Nsok,y. e . rsk anss, vo. 22, NO. 5, 2002. p://www.n.og/pbons/rP060.PDF

9. te pb e benes of nson eos n esng osng n e uned Ses.le, J e . Enonen he: a Gob aess Sene Soe ap 2003.p://www.n.og/pbons/rP061.PDF

10. Wod Bnk Week pde, ap 14, 2008

11. iPcc a1 seno. www.p.

12. iEa, tenoog rodp: Eneg-efen Bdngs: heng nd coong Eqpen. 2011.p://www.e.og/ppes/2011/bdngs_odp.pdf

13. mKnse & co. (2009) Pws o ow-bon eono. veson 2

14. mKnse & co. (2009) Pws o ow-bon eono. veson 2

15. iEa (2009) Wod Eneg Oook. in ode o e nese n epee o 2 degees(w pobb of oe n 60%) geenose gs onenons need o be sbed 450 pp cO2-eqen o beow. Een nd menssen (2005) meeng e Eu 2ce ge: gob nd egon esson pons. p://www.nnsw.og./ges/soes/nsw_e_s/ensen.pdf


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rEFErENcES aND rESOurcES (cONt)

16. iEa, Wod Eneg Oook 2009. p://www.e.og/weo/2009.sp

17. iEa (2008) Ea 2008b. inenon Eneg agen (iEa). in Sppo of e G8 Pn of aon: EnegEfen Po reoendons. p://www.e.og/g8/2008/G8_EE_eoendons.pdf

18. iPcc 2007. inenon Pne on ce cnge (iPcc). resden nd coe Bdngs.ce cnge 2007: mgon. conbon of Wokng Gop iii o e Fo assessen repoof e inegoenen Pne on ce cnge. p://www.p./pdf/ssessen-epo/4/wg3/4-wg3-pe6.pdf

19. mjo Eonoes Fo (2009). tenoog aon Pn: Bdngs Seo Eneg Efen.Peped b e u.S. n onson w mEF pnes. p://www.joeonoesfo.og/ges/soes/doens/mEF%20Bdngs%20Seo%20EE%20taP%2011De2009.pdf

20. iEas 25 Po meses o aee Eneg Efen. p://www.e.og/ppes/2011/25eo_2011.pdf

21. mjo Eonoes Fo (2009). tenoog aon Pn: Bdngs Seo Eneg Efen.Peped b e u.S. n onson w mEF pnes.

22. tese sdes nd d e enoned n Wod Eono Fo (2010) Sng up low cboninfse inesen n Deeopng cones (p.19) w no bbogp efeene.

23. resene s dened s e e b of so o eoog sse o bsob dsbnes weenng e se bs se nd ws of fnonng, e p fo sef-ognon, nde p o dp o sess nd nge. See p://esen-es.e.og/bonn2011/esene-esoe-pon/goss-of-ke-es/

24. Wod Bnk. Wod Deeopen repo 2010 s fo epong nkges beween gon nddpon objees, ndng bee we ngeen.

25. uned Nons, Depen of Eono nd So affs, Popon Dson, Wod PoponPospes: te 2006 reson (2007). p://www.n.og/es/popon/pbons/wpp2006/Engs.pdf

26. NaSa ge. uned Nons, Wod Popon Pospes: te 2008 reson (ed seno),2009 p://www.n.og/es/popon/pbons/wpp2008/wpp2008_ggs.pdf

27. inse fo Bdng Efen, Eneg Pefone conng, Ke o unokng cp foEfen reos, 2010. p://www.nsebe.o/Esng-Bdng-reos/Eneg-Pefone-conng.sp?ng=en-uS

28. Jonson conos, inenon Soo of Bngkok cse Sd, 2011.


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Figure 1.Lifecycle of a Building

traNSFOrm BuilDiNGS:a POlicy PathWay OvErthE EFFiciENcy GaP

thE BuilDiNGS liFEcyclEBdngs begn e es n e es gnon nd desgn,nd end w deoon dedes o enes e. mkng bdngseneg efen eqes n p-fon nesen n en beepd n es oe og eneg os sngs. in ode oeoe p-fon nesen n eneg efen bdngs, eeo, ee sge n e bdngs fe, s see ppopeses of eneg efen ons nd enooges.

Poes n ep gn e neess of os ond peenng

os-effee eneg efen opons e sge of bdngsfee. te foowng ge ses e fee of bdng.

Oppones o nesee eneg efen of bdngs e

e sge of bdngs fe.

Bdng eneg efen fes nbes n peenon; ospo opons es o ke ese

bes nd enbe kes o

oeoe e eneg efen gp

Poes nge fo nenes oegon, nd n e ese of

desgn nd peenon.

cones o es s p o e

own po pws o nsfo b enonen n w s

ppope fo e.

meo nd Sngpoe e e

poneeed ses of poes e

begnnng o nsfo e benonen o gee enegefen.

Design Construction

TenantBuild-Out

Operation andMaintenanceSale/Lease

Retrofit



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te foowng epes se ow ese opons wok ogo e fee of bdng:

te design and construction process ndes e oenon, e nbe of oos, nde pes of nson nd wndows. tese fos ep deene nd ok n e enegefen ees of e bdng.

Wen e bdng s sod, e deeope, eo, ppse, owne nd ende s be beo e e e fe openg os, ndng eneg oss. if fe opengoss e e esed, en e n be nded n e on of e pope, swe s n e bnks eon of e ownes fe b o ep e on.

Bdng o new enn spe nsde n esng oe o bdng ees n oppono nes n g-pefone, eneg efen opons. Fo nsne, e oponens enn g ndeke nde eneg efen gng, pg od ngeen, ndopn-onoed hvac sses w efen one ono.

te enn nd owne w ke operation and maintenancedesons on n ongong bss.mn of ese desons ffe eneg sge nd pode n oppon o poe enegefen.

Esng bdngs wee no b w eneg efen n nd need n enegefen retrot o pgde e ogn desgn nd onson nd ke e woesse oe eneg efen.

Fn, bdng go og major renovation, w ss e e oe gnw desgn nd onson.

Poes o sppo bdng efen sod gn e neess of os ondpeenng os-effee eneg efen opons e sge of bdngs fe.

iNtrODuctiON tO BarriErS aND POlicy OPtiONS

S of Bes: te Efen Gp

mpe bes o eneg efen es, eng e efen gp. tese bes peenos fo kng os-effee nesens n eneg efen. a e sge n bdngsfee, bes e we doened n e ee on eneg efen. te nge fosp nenes peen nesos fo ng eneg efen o weness sses e fo k of nfoon bo bdng pefone.


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tbe 1 ses e n bes no e jo egoes.

Market

Pe dsoons peen onses nd nesos fo ng eneg efen.

Sp nenes nsons wee eono benes of eneg sngs do no e o ose

wo nes n eneg efen, s wen bdng ownes p fo nesens n eneg efen,b opns p e eneg bs.

hg nson oss.

Eenes ssoed w foss fe onspon e no ped; pefe opeon.

Dspesed nd dffse ke se w pe oons nd s end ses.

mpe ndses onson, efen, eneg ndses e noed n bdng efen,posng -seo enge.

Eneg ffs dsoge eneg-efen nesens.

Financia

l

Ognons e on onsned nen p nd opeon bdges.

hg p-fon oss nd dspesed opeon benes dsoge nesos.

Peepon eneg efen nesens e oped nd sk. Fnn nsons k weness of nn benes. Peepon ens nn benesfo eneg efen e non-esen o eggeed.

Fo bdng ownes, k of een nne.

Fo nn nsons, s nson ses eqe bndng of bdngs o poeeneses o ke e sbe fo nnng.

Techinical

lk of ffodbe eneg efen enooges (o know-ow) sbe o o ondon.

insfen p o denf, deeop, peen, nd nn eneg efen nesens.

lk of s n ggege pe pojes; k of peenon s n deeos-op eneg efen poje.

Awareness

lk of sfen nfoon nd ndesndng on e p of onses/enns/bdng owneso ke on onspon nd nesen desons.

lk of nfoon bo e pefone of bdngs.

Eneg nfoon no be poded o ned b end ses, eneg podes, o oepeenng genes.

Benks fo pefone no es.

Peepon eneg efen eses ke bdngs oe epense.

Institution

Goenens, espe n deeopng ones, e ed en p o desgn ndpeen eneg efen poes, pogs, bdng odes nd sndds.

ine-gen oodnon o ense po oeene ( dffeen ees of goenen, beweenos eneg po gos, o oss seed eneg efen nes) s ed.

regos p ed enon o dend-sde eses. tdon, po pkges e onspp-sde neenons.

Eneg podes e opensed b seng eneg, nsed of b deeng eneg efen.

Goenen nd e pe seo e wok og pnesps ke eneg efen n oboe nne.

Table 1.Barriers to Energy Efciency

Sources: IEA Energy Efciency Governance (2010)EEI Survey,Institute for Building Efciency (2011)Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (2011)1


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Bes n pone beween ones. Fo epe, weness nd en besp bgge oe n ess-deeoped eneg efen kes, wees ke nd nnebes e ke o be e bgges enges n kes e oe epeene psngeneg efen oppones.2

te nson bes sed n tbe 1 e e pon fo pokes o ke noon wen pnnng bdng efen poes. ts ppe foses e os enon on

ow o oeoe e s fo egoes of bes; e soons o nson bes bes be ddessed b epes n desgnng de en sssne pogs. in ddon,s ppe does no dee no eneg efen goenne sses, w e we dened n een inenon Eneg agen epo.3 i s pon goenens see poesnd ons fo w goenen p ess o desgn, peen nd enfoe poo on.

Figure 2.

Building Efciency Policy Categories

BuildingEfficiency

Codes

Targets

Awareness Incentives

Utilities

CapacityBuilding

S of Po Opons

a po pkge n be desgned geng ke bes o eneg efen n n genke, bdgng e efen gp eed b ese bes nd openng e oppon fo

gee nesen n eneg efen. mn es, egons, nd ones e desgnedpoes poe e eneg efen of e b enonens. tod ese poes e dffeen sges of peenon, b ee e n essons o be ened fo poesbeng ed ond e wod od. te po opons be o goenens o poee eneg efen of e b enonen n be goped no s egoes. a few oedes e gen on e of ese egoes n tbe 2, nd e ego w be oeed nde n s own seon. E on needs o oose e po nsfos e benonen n w s e o snes.



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Codes bdng eneg odes

ppne nd eqpen sndds

Targets bdng efen poeen ges

goenen poeen ges

Awareness

d oeon nd bsene deeopen

opeon nd wds pogs

ds on nd ndo

ngs nd eon pogs

dsose of eneg pefone ees

pb weness pgns

Incentives

gns nd ebes

sk gon gnees

eong on fnds

eneg pefone onng enbes

nenes

-en nnng

Utilities

pb benes fnd

on-b nnng

eene deopng

dned eeng nfse

dn png of ee

dend esponse

Capacity Building de en sssne

wokfoe nng

Table 2.Policy Options for the Built Environment



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tacKliNG thE EFFiciENcy GaP

Poes n enbe e ke o oeoe e bes o eneg efen e sge n bdngs fee. an effee po pkge w bd on n nss of e bes n ke nd be geed spe deson pons n bdngs fee. te foowngge sows ow poes n ep e ke oeoe bes o eneg efen.

Dffeen poes e needed dependng on wee e fos s on nesng e efenofnewbdngs o eong e existingbdng sok. addon poes e needed oep e ke f pe e e of eneg efen n e se, ese nd opeon ofefen bdngs. te foowng seons dsss e po obnons n ep eke oeoe e of e bes e sge n bdngs fe.

Gen e npeedened se nd pe of bnon n eegng eonoes, beoepee fo e po pkges n ese ones o p ep enon o e besnd needs of e new geneon of bdng sok. in ndsed nons, s s Eopenones, en po qeson s ow o poe e efen of e gng bdng sok

nd nfse. in bo ses, be pon o pn poes ep e keoeoe bes o e se, ese nd opeon of efen bdngs.

Figure 3.Crossing the Bridge to more Energy Efcient Buildings



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Oeong Bes o Efen Desgn nd conson

Wen es, engnees, deeopes nd oes begn o pn new bdng, ee eos bes peen e fo ndekng eneg efen desgn nd onson.

a fnden be s os no be awareof e oppon, o e no e e technical pb o ee e os effeeness of eneg efen

nesens. tese bes n be oeoe w poes bd gee awarenessndtechnical p n e ke. Poes bd awareness nd technical pnde:

copeon nd wds pogs ge opnes pb eognon fo begnnng ok nd poe pon e eneg pefone of e bdngs.

Eneg ds o oe on pogs nd eqeens nfo bdng ownesnd ses bo ws o poe e eneg pefone.

rng nd eon pogs (ke lEED nd ENErGy Star n e u.S.) ep bdngownes nd ses ndesnd ow e bdng opes o oes n e ke.

Pogs eqe e ndo dsose of bdng pefone ge een geenfoon nd nspen o e ke.

u pogs, pb weness pgns, nd s ees o ep soesndesnd nd bee nge e eneg.

Wokfoe nng pogs o bd e en pbes n e ke needed osessf ee nd peen bdng efen pojes.

tee e so marketndnancialbes o kng new bdngs nd jo enoonsoe eneg efen. Fo epe, deeopes nd es don p e eneg b n ebdngs e bd e opn p ps e on eneg b. ts s efeed o s

sp nene. Fs os s noe oon be: an eneg efen oponen oss oe n sndd oponens w eqe n ddon nesen fo e deeope.Befoe kng s nesens, deeopes wn o know e w see popoonenese n e se pe n ode o eop nesen.

te peepon of nesen sk n be oeoe w bdng eneg odes ndppne/eqpen sndds esbs en eneg pefone sndds fo eke. Bdng eneg odes sod be oed o e ones nd no dw oo eon bdng egons nd pes fo oe e ones. Fo epe, n opones, ee s gee need o ddess d nd enon, nd ess need fo enson.

a oe nfoed, nspen ke n so ep os e ee e eof n nesen n eneg efen. rng nd eon pogs s s lEED ndENErGy Star ep pode e nspen o e ke o enbe deeopes o eope nesen n ddon eneg efen. mndo dsose of eneg ngs seen oe effee bese en bes know e eneg ngs of bdngs e eonsdeng, nd e n fo fe eneg oss no e pse desons.


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Oeong Bes o e Se, lesng nd Opeon of Efen Bdngs

Wen bdng s sod o ened, ee e os bes peen ownes nd ennsfo f ng eneg-efen oponens. in ddon, n desons e de n eopeon nd nenne of bdng deene s eneg efen.

Wen bdng s beng sod, e ownes, enns, nnes nd e ese gens gene

do no e ess o nfoon on s eneg pefone. te, eefoe, nno ssgn e o n efen pope s opposed o popees e ge openg oss opoo pefone. S o e bes o e desgn nd onson of n eneg-efenbdng, e e e bdng s sod o ened, e owne, enns, nnes nd e esegens no be awareof e fe os sngs e w eee b psng n enegefen bdng, o e no e e technicalpb o ee ose os sngs.te po opons o ke ese bes e s o ose sed n e peos Design andConstruction seon, s s pogs eqe ndo dsose of bdngpefone.

addon po opons n ep oeoe bes o e se nd ese of efenbdngs e nn nenes es o o goenens n p n pe o enbe nnesen n eneg efen o be epd on e b o pope b eeboeong e sp nenes beween e owne nd enn. See e seon on Incentivesand Utilitiesfo oe des on ese po opons.

aso, wen bdng s beng opeed nd nned, ee e n ke bes oeneg efen opeon nd nenne. u poes eoe pe dsoons n eeneg ke, s s eene deopng, dned eeng, nd e-bsed png, nenbe oe eneg-efen beo on e p of end ses.

Oeong Bes o Efen Bdng reos

Wen bdng s ode nd od be enoed o poe s eneg efen, ee eos bes ofen peen eneg efen fo beng po.

c os n n eneg efen eo no be awareof e oppon, o e no e e technicalpb o ee e os-effeeness of n eneg efennesen. te po opons o ke ese bes e s o ose sed n e peosDesgn nd conson seon.

tee e market and nancial bes o eneg efen eos. mn of e poesdesbed n e s wo seons o ge ese bes so ep enbe oe eneg efeneos. in ddon, nbe of poes e been spe desgned o ep enbe e

ke fo eneg efen eos.

Goenen poeen of eneg efen eos n pb bdngs n seke deeopen.

reong on fnds, goenen sk gon gnees, -en nnng s s ePope assessed cen Eneg (PacE) pog (w eps n nesen n eneg


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efen og n enonen pgde ge on e pope es) nd on-b nnng pogs e enss ofen desgned spe o sppo edeeopen of bdng efen eo pojes.

Poes enbe eneg pefone onng (EPc) n enbe eneg seeopnes (EScOs) o pse oe eneg efen eos n e ke. EPc-enbngpoes nde ose pooe sndded, sened, nd nspen poje

deeopen nd endo seeon poesses, ee be ons nd EScO pe-seeon, pode poje fos o onsns, nd sndde eseen ndeon poedes.

maPPiNG POlicy OPtiONS: tOOlS FOr POlicymaKErS

mppng Poes agns Bes

te bes nd poes pesened n s seon e ge sng pon fo pokesookng o ndesnd ow o desgn po pw o oe eneg-efen benonen, b e des of e be nd po b geogp nd b e seo of

e ke beng geed. Fo epe, ge ofe bdngs n tnd eqe dffeen seof deed po soons n ow-noe osng g need n coob. B e besnd po soons fo e os f n e gene egoes pesened ee. te foowngbe sows e poes n ep e ke oeoe e be o eneg-efenbdngs. E on o od n s p fo sef fo e seo of e ke s oo o ep nk og possbe po opons.

Table 1.Policies Enable the Market to Overcome Specic Barriers to Energy Efciency



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mppng tde-offs n Po Seqenng

te foowng ge ps e po on se of nene s. egon. i so ps eese w w poes nd ons be desgned, deeoped nd enfoed.

Incentivesn poe ke nspen nd oe on on. te opeenregulations n nde efen gns (oon s).

Poes n d n e easeo complexityw w e n be deeoped,peened nd enfoed (e s).

E on, egon o wns o deeop po pw fo n eneg efenb enonen sod p o po opons. te oons of e poes on e p wdepend ene on o snes.

E o s en deene s own bes sng pon on e p.

te ppng eese s oo o ep pokes nk og possbe po opons. W s no ons p s n eon of e se of p e po w e on nsfong e b enoneno be oe eneg efen. ip s d o genee oss geogpes. We we e no ed oe ee, s n essen onsdeon s pokes pn e own po pws.

Figure 4.Illustrative Trade-offs Among Policy Options

Competition andAwards Program

Easy

Complex

Ince

ntive

Regulation

Energy PerformanceContract Enablers

Public Awareness Campaigns

Workforce Training Audits Voluntary

Direct Technical Assistance

Tax Incentives Revolving Loan Fund

GovernmentProcurement

Advanced MeteringInfrastructure

Building EfficiencyTarget

Audits Mandatory

Appliance andEquipment Standards

Grants and Rebates Rating andCertification Program

Tax-Lien Financing

Data Collection &Baseline Development

Utility PublicBenefit Fund

Disclosure ofPerformance

Building Codes

Time-based Pricing

On-bill Financing

Revenue Decoupling

Demand Response

Risk Mitigation Guarantee

Mapping shown here is hypothetical,must be adjusted for each country or city

i il

li i

i i i l

i i l i

i l i

iil i i i

i

lii

ii i i

- i i i

ll ili l

ili lii

i l

il i

i - i i

- ill i i

li

i i i i

i i i l,i

Codes

Targets

Awareness

Incentives

Utilities

Capacity Building



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ExamPlES OF POliciES cOmiNG tOGEthEr tO traNSFOrm thEBuilt ENvirONmENt

meo

meo s poneeed se of poes nd eses o nsfo s ow-noe esden

osng ke. Fnn nsens e e oe of e seg, podng n ddoned ne fo ogges on popees nopoe ssnbe nd eneg efen enooges,nd sbsdng osng deeopes wo ee n eneg efen e. aso,meo s deeoped ode bdng odes nd s begn o bd goenen p oenfoe e new ws s we s poe e en p of os n e ke.

Figure 5.Mexicos Approach

Capacity Building

(German cooperation for NAMAdesign in residential sector)creating capacity to enforce

building codes is a top priority

Action for Utilities(State owned; has EE programs;

but still heavily subsidized)

Efficiency inlow incomeresidentialhousing

Building efficiency code(Draft version: stateshave not adopted)

Targets

Incentives

Information(basic data from surveys;datamissing); scenarios;baseline development

Benchmarking(plans to develop benchmarks;

data constraints)

Financial Instrumentssubsides & loans ascore mechanisms



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Figure 6.Singapores Approach

Sngpoe

Sngpoe s been ponee n e desgn of bned ppo o nsfong e kefo bdng efen nd enonen ssnb, obnng nenes nd egon(os nd sks) nd enggng ke skeodes n e fees of bdngs.

moe des e poded on bo meos nd Sngpoes ppoes n se sdes on einse fo Bdng Efen webse: www.inseBE.o

Capacity Building

Green Mark Managers, GreenMark Facility Managers,

Green Mark ProfessionalsCertified Energy Manager

Program+ESCO Accreditation

These mechanismscomplement effortsby government to

mandates minimumperformance levels

Efficientresidential andnon-residentialbuildings (newand existing)

CodesBuilding Control(environmentalsustainability)Regulations

Targets

Awareness

(Benchmarking)BCA Green Mark Scheme

Action forUtilities

Synergies:Participants can apply for financial incentives if they aim to

achieve the highest rating levels of Green Mark

IncentivesFinancial incentives

for best performance



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1. adped fo:

inenon Eneg agen, Eneg Efen Goenne. 2010. p://www.e.og/ppes/2010/eeg.pdf

Eneg Efen indo Se. inse fo Bdng Efen. 2011. p://www.nsebe.o/Eneg-Efen-indo/2011-gob-ess.sp?ng=en-uS

Seen b csn Fgees, Eee See, uned Nons Fewok conenon once cnge. Eneg Efen Gob Fo, Bsses, 14 ap 2011.

p://nf.n/es/pess/seens/ppon/pdf/110414_spee_ee_gob_bsses.pdf

2. Eneg Efen indo Se. inse fo Bdng Efen. 2011. p://www.nsebe.o/Eneg-Efen-indo/2011-gob-ess.sp?ng=en-uS

3. inenon Eneg agen, Eneg Efen Goenne. 2010. p://www.e.og/ppes/2010/eeg.pdf


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climatE actiONS:Namas FOr thE BuiltENvirONmENt

thE DESiGN OF Namas iN thE uNitEDNatiONS FramEWOrK cONvENtiONON climatE chaNGE

a e 2007 Fewok conenon on ce cnge Negoons,nons se e sge fo wo pes of e ons nd sesfo sppo, dependng on e deeopen ee of e on.te B aon Pn eed poess fo deeopng oneso sb nd ndeke nationally appropriate mitigationactions(Namas) n enge fo nn nd en sppo

fo deeoped ones (ndng sppo fo po ndpoje desgn nd peenon).

tee es e, n 2010, ones geed on pkge fe eboed eeens onned n e B aon Pn(2007) nd e copengen ageeen (2009).1 te cnnageeen foed deeoped ones wod ndekeqned eono-wde essons targets,2 we deeopngones wod ndeke Namas. Namas s n be e n nde n voluntaryeffos b deeopng ones odee fo bsnesss-s essons gow b 2020 n

e one of ssnbe deeopen sppoed nd enbedb enoog fo deeoped nons.3

Fo e s e, ge eegng eonoes knowedged egon ons nde e u.N. conenon on ce cnge.4

Namas e new onep fo pokes n eegngeonoes s we s dono ones. a opon of nNamas sbssons ws of pbsed n m of 2011.5

mn ones dd no sb eneg efen bdng-eedNamas n s s ond of sbssons, b e onnng odeeop Namas ppoes. ineesng, n of e Namaswee oe deed ngng e eneg spp ookng ene ws of geneng ee b few ooked wso ede eneg dend oe e. Bo 1 offes n nss ofe n sbssons. On 10 sbssons enon bdngsep.6 an epe of Namas sbsson fo mongo ssown n Bo 2.

Deeopng ones e desgnng peenng nationally appropriatmitigation actions(Namas) s p e on effos o ee onden e objees.

Eegng epes n deeopngones, p dde-no

eonoes, offe n oppon oeee e se ofNAMAs for thbuilt environmentfo bon g

as of m 2011, ee wee on 1

Namas enoned bdngs, n enoned eneg efen,

ndng oe n be done ofo n eneg efen b enon

ces be ke soes of nnond on n e been

ndependen poneeng ppoe

poe e efen nd esenenew nd esng bdngs.

Namas, low-esson DeeopenSeges (lEDS), nd ons o

new oppones fo eeng sng p bdng efen n

deeopng ones de o eepss onlong-term policy plan


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Box 1.NAMAs for the Built Environment

Box 2.Mongolian NAMAs

as of m 2011, ne 50 deeopng ones d fo knowedged eNamas nde e uNFccc.

22 sbssons nded eneg efen Namas

10 sbssons enoned buildingsep

te mongon Namas se e pnned ons:

eneg efen poeens n bdngs (poed dseng sses)

nson of e nd o we ees n pens

nson poeens o esng bdngs nd new eneg efensndds fo new bdngs

poe gng efen n bdngs

Deeopng ones e geed o ese, epo nd ef (mrv) gon ons(Namas) eqeinternationalsppo.8 aons e domesticallysppoed w beonoed, eed nd epoed e non ee nd eoded n sepe seon of eegs. te cnn desons so pode n nenon egs w pode nfoonon e Namas fo w nenon sppo s sog n e fo of enoog, nne op-bdng, w e go of ng ons w poen sppoes (see Bo 3). apoess of nenon onson nd nss (ica) of biennial epos b deeopngones w be desgned n 2011, ong w e gdenes fo ng Namas nd sppos we s fo mrv.9


Source: UNFCC website7


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aDaPtatiON aND rESiliENcEtdon, nenon e negoons e fosed on e edon of geenosegses. tod, gowng onens bo e neb e nesed e pes of edpon gend. in Deebe 2010, e Cancun Adaptation Frameworkws esbsed osppo pnnng nd peenon of dpon eses n deeopng ones ognesed nn nd en sppo. a wok pog on ow o ke loss and damagefo e nge ps n deeopng ones ws eed n cnn o denf ws ofngng nd edng climate change riskn deeopng nons fo epe, e desgn of e sk nsne f. te pog so ndes ws of ddessng ebonfo e ps of s e-nge-eed eens s se-ee se.

an nesed nbe of ones, s s Bngdes nd mdes, e n e poess ofdesgnng neged poes nese e p o dp o e nge nd bdesene. tese effos offe ndng pon fo fe ons on e b enonens non nd o goenens seek o p n pe -fo-ppose nfse.11

ces e so dped o nges dpon s p of e bsness-s-spe nd e nqe ped o ke e pee fo bdng efen nd esene,peps een fse n non goenens. Soe of e ons es e o ndekende e nseng of e nd dsse sk edon s fos n bn pnnng,

Box 3.Mechanisms for Support: Finance, Technology and Capacity Building

inenon sppo fo Namas w oe n e fo of fndng, enoogoopeon nd p bdng. te cnn ageeen foed e pedgesde b deeoped ones n copengen o:

pode $30 bon beween 2010-2012

jon obe $100 bon e b 2020 o sppo e on needs ndeeopng ones

A signicant portion of these funds is expected to ow through the Green Climate Fund

that is in the process of design and operationalization.

in cnn, goenens so deded o esbs Technology Mechanism o beopeon b 2012.

aTechnology Executive Committeew need o sengen edeeopen nd depoen of new enooges nd ep nese

nesen n enoog. a Climate Technology Centrend Newok w fe enoog newoks,ognons nd nes, podng de sssne o deeopngones nd skeode oboon.

te se of e ngeens fo capacity building nd fo onong eeffeeness of p bdng s o be deeoped n 2011.

Source: UNFCC website10


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poje desgn nd deson-kng.12 mnpes e ofen e foefon ofnnoon on dpon eses, enogng oopeon w oe es ndsng bes pes. c pnnes nd oe deson-kes seek o nesen se o bd nfse n ess poen e-eedeffes, s s oodng, se-ee se, nd sfs n pepon.13 te se fo newenss o nne e resen c ses e songe epss ongo goenens o deeop soons fo e bn enonen.14

PathWayS tO lOW-carBON DEvElOPmENt

te onep of ow-essons deeopen s eeged n 2008 n e u.N. nenone negoons15 nd s gned on n e nenon on ee sne.mebes of e nenon on e nesng seekng o bd onneonsbeween ssnbe deeopen gos nd e enss n be sppoedog e uned Nons Fewok conenon on ce cnge (uNFccc).low-esson deeopen pns e so known s ow-bon gow pns ndow-bon, e-esen seges. te go s o deeop non odp

bsed on on poes o gde e sf owd ow-essons jeo nd e-esen eono, foowng e efe nd ong-e peenonpn.16

Foseng gow nd deeopen while edng geenose gs essons nde neb s fo ong-e po pw. modes bsed on d opeenon on poje-b-poje bss w be nsfen o e sfowd ow-bon eono e se nd pe needed.17 to enoge ssenge, nbe of poneeng ones e ken e s seps n e desgn ofonge-e pws pooe ow-essons deeopen (See Bo 4 foepes).


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Box 4.Pathways to Low-Carbon Growth and Development: Illustrative Efforts

Pen essons fo e s geneon of lEDS pon o e pone ofd-den nss; e speon of onee gos, ges nd enes;nd ep een of nson p nd nnng pns.

Soe poneeng epes nde: South Africa. te goenen p ogee non -skeodepoess poneeed e onsenss-bsed denon of ong-egon pnnng senos o 2050. te poess ed o seg oponsfo So af, ndng se of eses o ose e gpbeween gow wo onsns nd gow eqed b senenon jeoes (bo 1,300 m of cO

2). te poess ws ned n

2006, e senos wee pbed n 2008, nd e poess onnes od.Sne 2009, e Non Pnnng cosson of So af, n ge ofseg pnnng fo e on, opees og gop ofexternalexperts, no nses.

South Korea. te goenen p ogee ong-e geen eono pn ndes eoe pkge of oe $30 bon, s we s n oonof 2 peen of GDP o enfoe r&D of 10 ke geen enooges. m ofe epss s on eng fobe nesen enonen fo geenndses. See nenes fo geen nesen b e pe seo ebe, s s pkge of geen ons (uS$6.3 bon fo 2010-12) ndgneed sppo fo geen ndses (uS$4.8 bon 2010-12). Goenenon pns e be fo 27 oe geen enooges, s we s benes, s s qson/egson eepon fo enonenfend osng nd sos d edon on enewbe eneg es.

United Kingdom. in 2008, e u.K. ws e s on o pose mandatoryedon of 34 peen n geenose gs essons b 2020nd es 80 peen edon b 2050. te u.K. low cbon tnsonPn s e non seg fo eneg nd e. to ee e 2050 go,bon bdges e been noded, nd e s fo eend o 2027.an ndependen osson onos pogess nd epos e.

Sources: Koreas Green Economy Plan (2011), E3G (2010) Toward Low Carbon Resilient Economies,Project Catalyst (2009) Low Carbon Growth Plans: Advancing Practice; Government of South Africa(2008) Long Term Mitigation Scenarios: Strategic Options for South Africa; U.K. Government (20The UK Low Carbon Transition Plan)


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te oppones fo bdng efen e fo e songe epss on long-termplanningong e, eneg nd deeopen pokes n deeopng ones. Newepss s ped on e need o ee sneges oss seos nd nsons. Fo epe,n So af, e ong-e pnnng gon senos ooked owd n 2050. te desgnof ong-e senos nd on pns offes n oppon fo oboon beween nonnd o goenens nd epes fo e bdng efen nd esene ones.

anoe oppon eeges fo e nesed nbe of nenon nd egon cooperationprojects seek o pode en sssne nd fnds fo e desgn of lEDS n deeopngones. Fnds fo po deeopen e be fo deeoped ones s e of e oen nde e uNFccc o dee $30 bon beween 2010-2012 efs-s nne peod.18 te epese n e bdng efen on n ep nonsnd es desgnng Namas fo e b enonen nd seekng o nse e noe lEDS.

te debe on geen gow nd geen eono opeens nd epnds e sope oflEDS b ndng ddon densons, s poe edon, we nd bodespoeon, nd pen fo eosse sees. Geen gow s been dened s gow

enses n sses onne o pode e esoes nd enonen sees onw o we-beng ees.19

te onep of geen eono gned on n 2008 s pokes ooked fo newengnes of gow nd job eon n esponse o e gob eesson. Koe, edngdoe, w e spen $38.5 bon beween 2009 nd 2012 n geen eoe eses nds seed n oon of wo peen of GDP fo 2009-2013 o ee geen bdge.20te geen eono w so be en ee of ne es ro+20 s u.N. gengof e nenon on w k e 20 nnes of e ssnbe deeopenonfeene n ro de Jneo. a song fos w be on e nks beween e geen eonond effos o ede poe.21


1. uNFccc (2011). te cnn ageeens: Ooe of e wok of e ad ho Wokng Gopon long-e coopee aon nde e conenon. Deson 1/cP.16

2. mos of e eend o 2020, w ew o edng essons o ee onssen w e4 assessen repo of e inegoenen Pne on ce cnge. tese ones sogeed o deeop ow-bon deeopen seges o pns nd k pefone ndepo oe oog. tese poposed ges e be p://nf.n/eengs/

op_15/opengen_od/es/5264.pp Fo epe, e u.S. poposed nge of 17peen edons b 2020, sng 2005 s e bsene, n onfo w nped u.S.egson, eognng e n ge w be epoed o e See n g of enedegson. te pw se fo n pendng egson wod en 30 peen edon n2025 nd 42 peen edon n 2030, n ne w e go o ede essons 83 peen b2050.

3. Fo epe of po wok ond Namas see p://www.p.og (mgon seon).


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4. tdon, ones e been deep dded bo ow gon effos e o be sedeqb ong nd beween deeoped nd deeopng ones.

5. uNFccc (2011) copon of nfoon on non ppope gon ons o bepeened b Pes no nded n anne i o e conenon. (Fccc/aWGlca/2011/iNF.1).abe p://ndb.nf.n/b/ew_pdf.p?=p://nf.n/esoe/dos/2011/

wg14/eng/nf01.pdf

6. in 2011, woksops ook pe dng e uNFccc sessons owed ones o podeepes of e pns, Namas, nd non gon pns gong fowd. See p://nf.n/eengs/d_o_wokng_gops//es/5988.pp

7. uNFccc webse

8. in e cnn ageeen, deeoped ones geed o sb deed nn nenoes ofgeenose gs essons nd epo pogess n esson edons ee wo es. in 2011,ones e dsssng ow bes o ee ese epong eqeens.

9. tod e e of sbsson b deeopng ones of e non onons o euNFccc s e es.

10. uNFccc, see p://nn.nf.n/nn-enoog-nd-p-bdng-sppo/

11. See fo epe Bngdes Non ce Seg nd aon Pn 2009 be p://www.oef.go.bd/

12. iclEi (2011). Fnnng e resen c

13. Soe epes of w es e dong e be p://esen-es.e.og/bonn2010/ ndp://esen-es.e.og/bonn2011 /

14. iclEi (2011). Fnnng te resen c. abe p://www.e.og/

15. OEcD (2010) low-Esson Deeopen Seges (lEDS): ten, inson and Polessons

16. One poposed denon s seg pn o sss e on n sfng s deeopen p o ow-bon nd e-esen eono nd ee ssnbe deeopen. i s bsed one soo-eono nd deeopen poes of e on. i s ong-e oponen ndes seg son nd so- nd ed-e oponens sow w speons w be ndeken o ge on ow-bon, eesen pw. Poje cs (2009)low cbon Gow Pns: adnng Pe (p.6).

17. Fo fe ee see p://www.ds-poje.nfo/pges/bkgond-nd-nks/seeed-ee.pp

18. Fo n oook of e donos nd epens of ese fnds see p://www.fssnne.og

19. OEcD (2011) towds Geen Gow.20. See Geen Gow Koen mode. abe p://www.ggg.og/ese/geen-gow-

koen-ode

21. See uNEP (2011) towds Geen Eono: Pws o Ssnbe Deeopen nd PoeEdon. Fo uNEP e geen eono s one ess n poed n we-beng ndso eq, we sgnn edng enonen sks nd eoog ses. te geeneono s eed o of geen gow, eed s ow-bon, esoe-efen ndso nse.


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POlicy OPtiONS

Bdng Efen codes nd Sndds

Eneg Efen ipoeen tges

inese aweness: infoon nd mke tnspen

Fnn inenes

aons fo ues

cp Bdng


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BuilDiNG EFFiciENcy cODESaND StaNDarDS

BuilDiNG ENErGy EFFiciENcy cODES

Bdng eneg efen odes e ego oos esbsn ees of eneg efen fo dffeen bdng pes, nd opeense oe e desgn nd onson of enegsses. Eneg odes p fnden oe n eneg efenobjees, p fo new onson, kng e popo pw fo deeopng nd dde-noe eonoes.1 codesnde speons egdng w nd eng nson, wndownd doo speons, oofs nd fondons, eng, enon,-ondonng, eqpen efen, we eng, gnges, nd onos). tese odes so nde n enon,sdng, nd enewbe eneg.

codes n pp o new bdngs s we s jo enoons ofesng bdngs, dependng on e po desgn. te ep fo new onson, s s oe os ondeke deep eneg eos e n e bdngs fee.Wo odes fo new bdngs, ones e be okngn nefenes fo dedes o oe, w nseen eneg ndeono onseqenes.

tee s no snge eneg ode o se of eqeens sbe fo eonoes nd es. cones deeopng new bdng odes seek de fo deeopen genes nd o esng bes

pes o o ondons s we s o, os-effee,be enoog. Boes 1-4 ge se sdes sowng owindones, Sngpoe, cn nd ind e peenng bdngodes o ee gee eneg efen n e benonens.

codes nd sndds e ego o

eqe n ee of eneg

efen n bdngs, ppnes o

eqpen. if e e we desgned

e n os-effee deese

eneg oss oe e fee of

bdng, ppne o eqpen.

in e bsene of n eneg

efen odes nd sndds, p

bnng eegng eonoes sk

okng n n nefen, g-es

b enonen fo es o oe

Bdng eneg odes ense new bdngs nd jo enoon

op eneg efen.

appne nd eqpen efen

sndds eqe ppnes nd

eqpen o be oe eneg efe

tog no e fos of s ppe,

goenne sses of good po de

nd enfoeen e pengng nd pon fo song

ego poes s s odes n

sndds.


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Box 1.Indonesia

indoness new bdng odes wee deeoped b nng os-effee ws oge n ege 30-peen eneg sngs n new bdngs.

Sensitivity analysis of energy efciency options for Jakarta shows that energy savings of more than30-40% can be achieved from simple measures.

High Impact Measures Ofce Retail Hotel Hospital Apt. School

Photoelectric controls(nson of onos o edgng)

18% 11% Na 17% Na 10%

Solar shading(ddon of oon nd edees)

17% 11% 18% 18% 8% 2%

Glass performance(ge so nd e popees) 15% 6% 16% 14% 11% 5%

Efcient Chillers

(ge e cOP) 11.4% 8% 6% 7% 9% 12%

Variable-speed drives(nson of be des onpps)

9% 3% 3% 5% 0.0% 0.0%

Percentage glazing(ng wndow-o-w on ofe fde)

8% 4% 9% 7% 2% 0.0%

Low-energy lights(ng e powe dens fo gng)

7% 8% 7% 16% 6% 5%

Thermostat Management(ng e n epee) 2% 3% 3% 7% 6% 11%

Heat Recovery

(ddng e eoe n o fes ne) 2% 5% 3% 8% 0.0% 0.0%

Box 2.Singapore

in Sngpoe, e bdng eneg odedenes eneg efen sndds fo

esden nd oe onson. te eqeens oe e bdngeneope, ndoo q, gng, enon, ondonng, we efennd oe enonen q spes. Bons pons e wded fo se ofenewbe esoes.

Source: Prashant Kapoor, IFC Green Building Strategy, World Bank Group, Washington D.C. (2011)2

Source: Code on Environmental Sustainability of Buildings, Singapore Building and ConstructionAuthority (2008)3


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Box 3.China

Bdngs on fo 28 peen of cnese eneg onspon (iEa 2009) nds se s ke o gow. cns bdng eneg odes eqe 50 peen enegsngs ess n 10 peen os nese oped o pe-esng bdngs,

bsed on e cnese bdng sndd fo e 1980s. cn fes ope ndesgnng bdng odes, sne e on s nbe of dsn e ones.cn s dped s bdng odes o e e one.

EXAMPLE: Tianjin, China

aodng o e Wod Bnks Eneg Seo mngeen asssne Pog(ESmaP), tnjn s one of e os sessf cnese es n opneenfoeen of bdng eneg efen odes w ne 100 peenopne een og tnjn s n cns odes e egon w eses bdng odes n es of e neg. coped w e bsene,e esed spe pbk peod fo opne w bdng ode bsed onoded os of eng see s ess n seen es. Sessf opnews possbe bese of:

we-esbsed bdng onson ngeen sse

sndded nd sed poedes fo opne enfoeen

bod-bsed p of e onson nds o ee opneeqeens, ndng en sks nd b of ps nd es

onses b nd wngness o p fo e oss of opne

o goenen esoes, sppo, nd oen o peenngnesng sngen poes

Hot Summer

Cold Winter

Hot Summer

Warm Winter

Severe

Cold

SevereCold

Cold

Cold

Temperate

Sources: Energy Balances of Non-OEcD countries 1971-2007, iEa (2009)Enforcing Building Energy codes in china: Progress and comparative lessons, PNNl (2010)Tianjin, China - Enforcement of Residential Building Energy Efciency codes, ESmaP, WorldBank (2011)4


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Box 4.India

ULB

Approval

Occupancy

Certificate

Design Construction Tenant Interiors

Bundle 1

Bundle 2

Bundle 3

Building

structure,walls, roof,

finishes

HVAC

Lighting

in ind, e Be of Eneg Efen s ng new sepped bnde ppo os Eneg conseon Bdng codes. Bnde 1 onns eses nong ebdng se, ws, oof nd nses eses n be eked wene bdng se s opeed nd ed fo ppo b e ubn lo Bod.Bnde 2 onns eses od be peened b e deeope o owne,s s hvac sse efen poeens. Bnde 3 onns eses e df o enfoe w beng pogs o w e en ubn lo Bodappo poess, s s gng eses. tese eses eqe dndependen p o do e opne ek.

Source: Energy Conservation Building Codes Stepped Bundles, Shakti Sustainable EnergyFoundation (2011)5


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aPPliaNcE, EQuiPmENt aND liGhtiNG ENErGy StaNDarDS

inesng ppne, eqpen, nd gng efen edes eneg dend. appne ses epeed o nese n nbe of deeopng ones,7 foowng e end obseed nn deeoped ones, wee oseod ppne eneg se gew b 16 o 21 peenbeween 1990 nd 2005, despe nesed efenes.8 te u.S. agen fo inenonDeeopen (uSaiD) nd see oe ognons dened e need o sppo pokesn e effos o peen eneg efen sndds nd beng pogs, nd so deeoped gdebook ong w e coboe lbeng nd appne Sndds Pog (claSP).9

claSP eps ones ge o ow efen ppne pogs n be oed o e ownneeds, snes nd po pefeenes.

One een epe of kng s enge s e Spe-Efen Eqpen nd appneDepoen (SEaD) ine, ned n e one of e cen Eneg mnse n 2009.SEaD s -goenen-ed gob ke nsfoon ne ndes e peseo nd edng epes. Beween Jn 2010 nd ap 2011, SEaD pnes p no effeppne nd eqpen efen sndds b 2030 w se $10 bon pe e neneg-eed ependes.10

te nbe of eneg efen bdng odes ond e wod s on e se (See Fge 1).aodng o e Wod Bnks ESmaP, bdng eneg efen odes e e os effeew o poe e efen of new oes nd oe bdngs.

Figure 1.Global Status of Building Energy Efciency Codes and Standardsfor Non-Residential Sector

Source: Worldwide Status of Building Energy Codes/Standards, European Council for an EnergyEfcient Economy, Oxford University6


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1. mnseng Bdng Eneg Efen codes n Deeopng cones: Gob Epeenes ndlessons fo E adopes. Feng l, ESmaP, Wod Bnk. 2010. p://www.esp.og/esp/ses/esp.og/es/WP_204_GBl_mnseng%20Bdng%20Eneg%20Efen%20codes%20n%20Deeopng%20cones_Oeew_1.pdf

2. Psn Kpoo, iFc Geen Bdng Seg, Wod Bnk Gop, Wsngon Dc, Jn. 2011.3. code on Enonen Ssnb of Bdngs. Sngpoe Bdng nd conson ao,

2008. p://www.b.go.sg/EnSslegson/Enonen_Ssnb_legson..

4. Eneg Bnes of Non-OEcD cones 1971-2007. iEa. 2009.

Enfong Bdng Eneg codes n cn: Pogess nd cope lessons. PNNl. 2010. p://www.pn.go/n/pbons/een/en_epos/PNNl-19247.pdf

tnjn, cn - Enfoeen of resden Bdng Eneg Efen codes. ESmaP, Wod Bnk,2011. p://www.esp.og/esp/node/1280

5. Eneg conseon Bdng codes Sepped Bndes. Sk Ssnbe Eneg Fondon. 2011.

6. Wodwde Ss of Bdng Eneg codes/Sndds. Eopen con fo n Eneg EfenEono, Ofod unes. p://www.sbd.o/do/25790402/Wodwde-Ss-of-Bdng-Eneg-codes-Sndds-Non-resden

7. resden nd coe Bdngs. ce cnge 2007: mgon. conbon of WokngGop iii o e Fo assessen repo of e inegoenen Pne on ce cnge. p://www.p./pdf/ssessen-epo/4/wg3/4-wg3-pe6.pdf

cns Geen reoon: Pong tenooges o aee Eneg nd EnonenSsnb. mKnse & copn. 2009. p://www.knse.o/oons/geen/

konn/epos/n_geen_eoon.sp

8. tnsfong e mke: Eneg Efen n Bdngs. WBcSD. 2009. p://www.wbsd.og/pges/edoen/edoendes.sp?d=11006&noseoneke=e

Bdng Eneg codes: Bes Pes repo fo aPEc Eonoes. Bdng codes asssnePoje of e ane o Se Eneg. 2009. p://www.pe-ess.og/www/upodFe/Bdng_Eneg_codes_Bes_Pe%20_SrepoaPEcn.pdf

9. a Sndds & lbeng Gdebook fo appnes, Eqpen, nd lgng (2nd Edon). claSP,2005. p://www.sponne.og/sp.onne.esoe.pp?sbo=289

10. Spe-efen Eqpen nd appne Depoen (SEaD) ne. cen Eneg mnse.2011. p://www.enenegnse.og/SEaD/nde.p://speefen.og/


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ENErGy EFFiciENcyimPrOvEmENt tarGEtS

BuilDiNG EFFiciENcy tarGEtS

Po edes w son of n eneg-efen, ssnbeb enonen ofen begn b seng n eneg efenpoeen go fo e on, egon o . a go n fose wok of e n skeodes wo w en need o benoed n peenng nd enfong go. Fo epe, eEopen unon s se e go of ng s nn peneg onspon b 20 peen b 2020, nd bdngs eesponsbe fo 40 peen of n eneg se n e Eu, knge oe oponen eqed o ee s go. te Eu ssbseqen ened sees of dees (poes) desgned oep e ee e efen go.

a go s een songe f en p s ed esponsbe foeeng e go. te wo pes of poes dsssed beowgg e ws n w wkes e ed odng boes nd bdng ownes onbe fo eneg efenpoeens.

Energy Efciency Standard an Eneg Efen Sndd,ofen ed n Eneg Efen resoe Sndd (EErS) ne u.S., eqes oe efen podon, nssson, ndse of ee nd n gs b ndng es nd

oe eneg dsbos o seek spe eneg-se edonsfo e soes. Poneeng effos n pes s s eu.S. ses of conne nd veon, e asn se ofNew So Wes, nd e ones of i nd e u.K. eeped dffse ese sndds, w epnd oss 26 sesn e u.S. (s of Jn 2011) nd oe Eopen ones.1

- in soe ses, EErS n nde n eneg sngsee (ESc) pog, w enbes efen gnso be ded s energy efciency certicates, energyefciency obligations, tradable white certicates, owhite tags. B ssng ese ees o oend nds opnes, es n nese opnew eneg efen ges. Soe epes ofgoenens sng ese oos e conne, NewSo Wes (as), i, e u.K., nd Fne.2

Pojes n ed o white tags nde oend nds gng pgdes, ogeneon, ndeses fo bdngs s s nson nd nesedefen of ondonng.

a non eneg efen poe

ge o go n gn neess nd s

on.

an Eneg Efen Sndd nd

es nd eneg dsbos o seek

eneg edons oe e odng

need fo powe geneon (negw

an Eneg Efen See eqes

eneg onspon edons b g

ee end-ses.

Goenen efen sndds fo p

bdngs bd p n e ke

ede eneg oss.


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te eseen nd eon poedes s we s e pen ses b EErSpog.

Energy Efciency Scheme unde n eneg efen see, e obgon o edeeneg onspon s ped de on ge end-ses of ee.

Box 1.United Kingdom

Box 2.Tokyo, Japan

te u.K. cbon redon coen (crc) See eqes ognonsw oe nd esden bdngs onsed oe n 6,000egw-os (mW) pe e n 2008 o dsose e essons nd opse esson ownes o oe ose essons. tese ognons eesponsbe fo ond 10 peen of e u.K.s essons. te see fees nnn pefone ege be nks ppns on eneg efen.

te of toko s e s p-nd-de pog, w ndes oedon of cO

2essons fo ge fes. te pog ws peened n

ap 2010 nd eges e 1,300 ges cO2

eng fes n e toko e,

e of w onses oe n 1,500 koes (de o eqen). Beween2010 nd 2014 e pog eqes 6 peen edon beow bse-eessons, nd beween 2015 nd 2019 e pog eqes 17 peenedon beow bse-e essons. tdng of eess edons s owed fee seond e. tenns e obged o oopee w bdng ownes n ednge essons.

Source: The CRC Energy Efciency Scheme User Guide, UK Department of Energy and Climate

Change (2010)3

Source: Tokyo Cap and Trade Program, Environment Tokyo (2010)4


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GOvErNmENt PrOcurEmENt tarGEtS

Goenen efen sndds fo pb bdngs bd p n e ke s we s ede enegoss nd owe geenose gs essons. Non, se nd goenens n poe e enegefen of e own ofe bdngs, pb gng, soos nd osps. Deeopng ones odse p o 40 peen of e eneg sed n pb ofe bdngs f eneg efen eses weenopoed.5 Eneg wse n be ddessed n e pb seo b kng neen djsens n

bdgeng nd poeen poedes, nd b e poong e eneg efen see ndsog bnded endes nd nnng pogs fo eo pojes. use of pefone ons now pb genes o osoe eneg efen pojes fo deeopen o nnng o onongnd ed qk gns w ess sse.6 Fo epe, e Eu s eqed s ebe goenen bdngso onse ne eo eneg b e end of 2018.7 te u.S. Goenen s se go o ede oeneg onspon n pb bdngs b 30 peen b 2015, sng Fy 2003 s bsene. 8 and e of mebone, as, s eong 13 bdngs ong 950,000 sqe fee nd onng fo 80peen of o eneg se fo bdngs.9

Box 3.Lviv, Ukraine

te uknn of l ws be o ede nn eneg onspon ns pb bdngs b bo 10 peen nd p we onspon b bo12 peen og monong nd tgeng pog o ono eneg ndwe onspon. ts geneed n esed ne sngs of 9.5 on uah(uS$1.2 on) s of 2010. te pog poded e ngeen won onspon d fo ds eng, n gs, ee nd we n of e s 530 pb bdngs. tges fo on onspon edeened nn. a onspon s eewed on gns e ge,w deons spoed nd ed pon ede. te pefone of bdngss oned o e pb og dsp pgn.

Source: Lviv, Ukraine - Energy Management Systems in Public Buildings, ESMAP, World Bank, (2011)10


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1. Eneg Efen resoe Sndds and Eneg Sngs cees: conneng Po andmkes Fo Eneg Efen. Jonson conos inse fo Bdng Efen. 2011. p://www.nsebe.o/inseBE/ed/lb/resoes/Eneg%20nd%20ce%20Po/isse-Bef---EErS.pdf

Eneg Efen resoe Sndds: a Pogess repo on Se Epeene. aen confo n Eneg-Efen Eono. 2011. p://www.eee.og/ese-epo/112

2. Boo lne on Eneg Sngs cees. Wod resoes inse. 2008. p://pdf.w.og/boo_ne_eneg_sngs_ees.pdf

3. te crc Eneg Efen See use Gde. uK Depen of Eneg nd ce cnge, ap2010. p://www.de.go.k/sses/de/W%20we%20do/a%20ow%20bon%20uK//1_20100406154137_e_@@_21934crcPDFaW9.pdf

mngng e cbon redon coen (crc) s bsness oppon. te cbon ts,en beng pded Oobe 2011. p://www.bons.o.k/pbons/pges/

pbonde.sp?d=ctl0814. toko cp nd tde Pog. Enonen toko. 2010. p://www.knko.eo.oko.jp/en/

een/toko-p_nd_de_pog-_2010_tmG.pdf

5. Pb Poeen of Eneg Efen Sees Geng Sed. ESmaP Wod Bnk. 2010.p://www.esp.og/esp/ses/esp.og/es/FiNal_EEci-Pb%20Poeen%20Geng%20Sed%20(BN009-10).pdf

6. Eneg Efen ces: assessen toos nd Benkng Pes. rnjn K. Bose, Wod Bnk.2010. p://www.esp.og/esp/ses/esp.og/es/P115793_Eneg%20Efen%20ces-assessen%20toos%20nd%20Benkng%20Pes_Bose.pdf

7. Eop Ses of Eu legson, Eneg Pefone of Bdngs Dee, 2010. p://eop.e/

8. u.S. Fede Goenen Eneg Gos nd Sndds. DSirE. 2005. DSirE s gene goodesoe fo uS se nd fede eneg efen po. p://www.dses.og/nenes/nene.f?inene_code=uS02r&rE=1&EE=1

9. c40 ces Pog upde c40 webse. 2011. p://e.40es.og/bog/2011/5/23/40-es-pog-pde.

10. l, ukne - Eneg mngeen Sses n Pb Bdngs ESmaP, Wod Bnk, 2011. p://www.esp.og/esp/ses/esp.og/es/l%20Bdngs%20cse%20n%20eded%20042611_0.pdf


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iNcrEaSE aWarENESS:iNFOrmatiON aND marKEttraNSParENcy

Data cOllEctiON aND BaSEliNEDEvElOPmENt

rebe d nd bsenes n ep w eneg efennesen pnnng n ndd bdngs, s we s popnnng oss e ene bdng seo n on.

Geng bdng seo eneg d s po dng podesgn, s eps see poes e en fesbe wn ppope ee of p o de ke deeopen.Knowng e bdng seo bsene s so ke o esbsng

po onong, epong nd eon sse. t sd - on does no need o oe e d g ke o en ode o ge sed w bdng efen poes. abenkng sse n be deeoped oe e s d beoesbe on pes of bdngs, ones, eono gops,nd e poen pbk on os bdng efen eses,ke gng, nson nd oong o eng od edon. asoe d beoes be, oe ope poes n bedesgned nd peened w ge ee of sess.inenon ognons nd deeopen genes n sppos effo og nn nd en sssne.1

te ownes nd nges of bdngs n ke bee enegngeen desons f e e esonbe nd oneneness o eneg onspon d fo e ene bdngs. Beeess o d fo es sppos eneg efen bdngopeons, onse eneg os-sngs, o eono gow,eneg benkng, nd ppon n on geen bdngeognon pogs.2 Ognons ese eneg see been sown o be oe ke o poe e enegefen. tod, es epo e eneg sge nfoon on end-ses, b soe bdng ownes nd enns onne

o k ess o good nfoon e wod need n ode oke nfoed desons bo e eneg se. aess o goodd no on enbes good eneg ngeen desons bso enbes e eseen nd eon of eneg sngsfo ose desons, eeb oeong one of e ke beso eneg efen: e nen of sngs.

Gee nfoon nd d on enegonspon n bdngs enbes own

opeos nd enns o ke nfoeeneg ngeen desons. tnspe nfoon n ep k

pefone gns gos.

te oeon of gene ssnfoon bo bdngs eneg s

enbe bee po nd pog des

copeons nene ppns odeeop benkng pbes nd

ewd e bes pefoes.

ads pode nfoon on eenooges nd bdng ses de eneg onspon. te offe

nss of efen poeens n be eed b pgdng spe

bdng oponens.

rng nd eon pogs ogbdng d nd nfoon no fo

enbes benkng oss nbe of bdngs. Benkng snesng sed o dffeene bd

n e e ese ke.

Pefone ees se enegonspon nfoon, enbng ene

efen nfoon o be foed ne ese desons. Dependng on dedsose o pon of bdn

se s p of e ese nsonpb spe, o n on-ne dbs

Pb weness pgns seek o

weness ong ses nd ownes e benes of eneg efen.


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cOmPEtitiON aND aWarDS PrOGramS

Goenens n so desgn opeons nd ewd pb e bes pefoes s nnde w of benkng good pe.

te u.S. EPas Be of e Bdngs noes es fo 245 bdngs n e u.S. seek o opefo e oe n e se of eneg sngs.3

te S lnk Ssnbe Eneg ao w pesen s s eneg efen wd n2012 o onendng se-owned bdng, oe bdng o oe.

te of Fnkf, Gen eed n e wd o se nnoe,eepon we-desgned nd ssnbe bdngs.4

ENErGy auDitS

Poes noe bo on nd ndo bdng ds n n dweness bo eneg onspon nd, dependng on ow e po s desgned, open p

oppones fo eneg se dsose, sbseqen ke eon, nd een edon neneg se nd GhG essons. ads n be nopoed no bdng odes o nenednn. howee, ds on pode nfoon bo eneg se, nd s on on ep of e bdng owne o peen poeens s s eqed. teefoe, s pooo s os effee wen ped w opeen poes nd sbsdes fo enegefen pgdes.5 unke woe-bdng d, ossonng (o eo-ossonng) s poess o pode sse esng of bdngs eneg sses n ode o ensepefone opon. lke ds, ndo ossonng n be nded n bdngodes, nened, o geed og pb edon pgns.

ratiNG aND cErtiFicatiON PrOGramSrng nd eon pogs n enbe bdng ownes o poe bdng pefoneog on ons. rng sses nd eons e os ofen sed o rewardoppefoes, gene og pespe o pefone-bsed pw o eng geen o g efen bdng ng. Goenens n sppo on ng ssesog pb-pe pnesps, nn nenes fo e pe seo, nd pbbdng pofoo dopons nd poeen poes. mn sessf ng sses ebeen deeoped ond e wod. Epes nde:

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (lEED) ng sse, deeoped ne u.S., s pojes n 41 ones ndng cn, B, meo nd ind.6

Minergie, Swss sndd, s one of e os sngen ng sse fo new ndefbsed bdngs7 nd s ke peneon e 25 peen.8 is sess sp de o s fede egon nd bos -ee nes.9

in e u.K., e Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method(BrEEam) s n ssessen nd ng sse fo bdngs s eed oe 200,000bdngs sne 1990.10


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te Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment, o Griha, s sed b e indngoenen fo s non bdng sok nd nesng n e pe seo.

cnese pb-pe pnesp s esed n e Three Star Rating System fo geenoe bdngs.

as nd So af bo se Green Star, ng sse w oe 8 on sqefee of egseed spe.

te u.S. EPa ses e ENERGY STAR pog o ef woe-bdng eneg pefonebsed on peene benk se.11

DiSclOSurE OF ENErGy PErFOrmaNcE cErtiFicatES

Eneg Pefone cees (EPcs) ssed o bdngs n offe nfoon on enegonspon nd n soe ses cO

2essons. tese pes of dsose poes see s

eses o nese weness bo eneg onspon ong e pb nd nddbdng ownes, nege eneg efen nfoon no e e ese ke, ndnene efen poeens b pbng poo pefone.

in e Eopen unon, bdngs e onsed, ened o sod eqe s ees.tese ees s be dsosed b oe popees e beng sod o enedn ode o pode pospee bes o enns nfoon.12 in soe ses, s s engoenen-owned bdngs, EPcs e eqed o be dsped n pb ponenoon.13

in as, e oe bdng dsose pog s desgned o poe e enegefen of ge ofe bdngs b eqng Bdng Eneg Efen cee.14

in 2008, e u.K. begn o eqe e eneg pefone of oe o oe ofebdng o be dsosed ne s sod o ened. appses need o wok w eownes o ne eodoog fo dsose.

PuBlic aWarENESS camPaiGNS

Soe goenen genes ed pgns o se weness bo e benes of enegefen.

One een epe fo Spn s e inse Deson nd Sng of Eneg (iDaE)-deo pgn w e non soe e Wod cp cpons n 2010 enogng ens o onse ess eneg oe.15


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1. Eneg Efen indos: Bes pe nd poen se n deeopng on po kng.Ppsen, cossoned b e Wod Bnk. 2010.

p://www.esp.og/esp/ses/esp.og/es/EEci%20Eneg%20efen%20ndos%20n%20deeopng%20on%20po%20kng%20J%202010.pdf

2. te Eneg D ane nd EPa nfoon fo e foowng webses, 2011. p://www.enegdne.og/esoes/

p://www.ep.go/eneneg/doens/s/_d_gdne.pdf p://www.enegdne.og/wp-onen/pods/2011/07/Data_ane-aBS_F_See2.pdf

p://www.enegs.go/nde.f?=_pog_sponsos._pog_sponsos_oed_benkng

3. te pog sed n 2010. Fo oe nfoon see: p://www.enegs.go/nde.f?fseon=bdngones.nde

4. Geen Bdng awd webse. 2011. p://www.geenbdng-wd.de

5. uNEP Ssnbe Bdngs nd ce ine, 2009, Bdngs nd ce cnge: S foPo mkes, p://www.nep.og/SBci/pdfs/SBci-BccS.pdf.

6. lEED, o ledesp n Eneg nd Enonen Desgn, s n nenon-eogned geenbdng eon sse deeoped b e u.S. Geen Bdng con n 2000. p://www.sgb.og/DspPge.sp?cmSPgeiD=1988

7. ts seon s bsed on nfoon fo www.nege.. te sndd s eqeens foeneg se b so ofo (e.g. se e poeon), e (e.g. ow ndoo poon) ndonson es (e.g. ow enonen p).

8. Eneg efen bdngs: te Swss epeene. Pesenon Geen Bdng congess, cenn,Oobe 7, 2010. B hed of Ssnbe Bdng Gop c of z. www.sd-e./nges-ben

9. D fo unes of z qoed n mnege (2010) Ssnb n e ubn Enonen.Bdng: a Desgn fo lfe - e bdng boks of ssnbe . p.49

10. BrEEam - Bdng rese Esbsen Enonen assessen meod webse. 2011.p://www.bee.og

11. ENErGy Star webse 2011 p://www.enegs.go/

12. ts s bsed on Eopen Eneg Pefone of Bdngs Dee of 2003, w ebes do peen b 2006. te Dee ws es n 2010. Fo n epe of ow opees npe, see e u.K. epe: p://www.de.go.k/en/hoeandcon/BngandSengyohoe/Enegpefoneees/DG_177026


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13. aodng o e es Dee of 2010, e dsp eqeen s fo bdngsw n e oe 500 2 (no onge 1,0002) e oped b pbo nd nson podng pb see o ge nbe of pesons.Dee 2010/31/Eu. m 2010.

14. coe Bdng Dsose webse, 2011. p://www.bd.go./15. te deos e be p://doses.de.es//nde.pp/od.deos/e.

sdo (n Spns)


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FiNaNcial iNcENtivES

Goenens w need o bne e se of s eqeensfo bdngs, s s bdng eneg odes, w e se ofnenes ke e pobe of p-fon oss of enegefen, e peepon of nesen sk, ow nnnson weness, k of een nne, nd e snson se of eneg efen pojes. a e of nnoos n be sed o eee on.

GraNtS Or rEBatES

rebes p down oss of sses nd eqpen, r&D ndoeon nd enoge e se nd deeopen ofeneg efen. mos ebe pogs offe sppo fo peenooges. Ses, es nd few o goenens offe

ebes o pooe e nson of eneg efen pojes.ues nge os ebe pogs sppo enegefen. in e u.S., ebe ons wde b enoognd pog dnso.1

Gns e be p o e oe, nds, ,edon nd goenen seos. mos gn pogs edesgned o p down e os of egbe sses o eqpen,og soe fos on ese nd deeopen o sppoenoog oeon. Gns e s wded opee poesses.

riSK mitiGatiON GuaraNtEES

te goenen n owe e os of p fo nesens neneg efen b geeng o gnee en ow ee ofsk o bnks end o bdng eneg efen poeenpojes. t ens e goenen w sep n nd oe egeed-pon poon of osses f n boowes def on eons. rsk-sng enss s s p ed gneew s-oss oege on pofoo n e o soesof nnng fo se pojes.2

cns u-bsed Eneg Efen Fnne Pog (chuEE)sppos nnng sees fo eneg ses o peen enegefen pojes n cn. chuEE bngs ogee nnnsons, opnes, nd sppes of eneg efeneqpen o ee new nnng ode fo e pooon ofeneg efen.3

Fnnng eneg efen effos e sgnn enge ond e wo

e of pogs n be desgned osppo eneg efen nesens

Gns nd ebes s we s nenep p down soe of e p-fon

of nesng n eneg efen.

rsk gon gnees, eong o

fnds nd -en nnng owe os of p fo nesens n eneg

efen pojes.

Poes enbe eneg pefon

onng n speed e depoens poen bsness ode n w eb sngs e sed o ep n nes

n eneg efen.


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rEvOlviNG lOaN FuNDS

Pb fnds e sed o nne eneg efen nesens, o owe e nees e, o ognee bnks nesen n eneg efen. tnds Eneg conseon PooonFnd (ENcON Fnd) ws nned b e of uS$0.001/e on peoe pods. te fndpodes p no os o t bnks, w en pode ow-nees ons o enegefen pojes.

ENErGy PErFOrmaNcE cONtractiNG (EPc) ENaBliNG lEGiSlatiON

EPcs e nnng ens ows eneg efen nesens o be epdog gneed eneg sngs oe e. Poes n pooe sndded,sened, nd nspen poje deeopen nd endo seeon poesses, eebe ons nd EScO pe-seeon, pode poje fos o onsns, ndsndde eseen nd eon poedes.4

an eneg see opn (EScO) nges e poje fo s o ns: bdng ds,deed desgn nd engneeng, bsness se nss, nson, ossonng, ndongong pefone eseen nd eon.5 c, e opn sses epefone sk fo e poje, podng ong-e nn gnee o e

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