DRIVERS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE EXPANSION IN … · IN AMPUSONGAN WATERSHED BENGUET, PHILIPPINES...
Transcript of DRIVERS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE EXPANSION IN … · IN AMPUSONGAN WATERSHED BENGUET, PHILIPPINES...
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DRIVERS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE EXPANSION IN AMPUSONGAN WATERSHED
BENGUET, PHILIPPINES
Domelson F. Balangen Igorot: Kankanaey, Benguet Environmental Specialist UPLB, Philippines
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• RATIONALE
• OBJECTIVE
• METHODOLOGY
• KEY FINDINGS
• RECOMMENDATIONS
• TAKEAWAYS
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RATIONALE
• food, livelihood, forest and people are key factors to sustainable development
• agriculture intensification is needed to achieved food security
• forests are crucial to agriculture and food security, however are threatened
• sustainable progress are coherent and integrated
• protecting key players and vulnerable people
• People engagement to understand problems at the local setting
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Tropical Lower Montane Rainforest
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http://foodevolution.com.ph/2016/02/gover
nment-eyeing-cut-palay-production-cost-
22/
FOOD
SECURITY
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Edible
mushrooms
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https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=EDIBLE+BULL+FROGS+IN+BENGUE
T&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=638&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUK
Ewid1Jb27Z_SAhUIKpQKHQe9AY8Q_AUIBigB#imgrc=xdIIBVZLqG4y8M:
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=C
RABS+IN+BENGUET&espv=2&biw=136
6&bih=638&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=0ahUKEwjK6ZzS7p_SAhUNNp
QKHUgLD5QQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=F
RESH+WATER+CRABS+IN+BENGUET
&imgrc=wgDYojd1uwyX2M:
Edible
fresh water
species
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Watershed forests are cultivated from headwaters going down
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Forest in some headwaters are almost gone
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CHALLENGE???
…a need of conserving the forest to safeguard watershed services while sustaining agriculture…
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OBJECTIVE
Understanding the reasons of agriculture expansion in forested areas
Aide in developing better planning, policy making and management
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METHODOLOGY
• Systems theory using the landscape or watershed approach
• KII and Household survey based on Central Limit Theorem (CLT)
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• Statistical data analysis (IBM SPSS Version 20 program)
Purpose Statistical Method
Test for independence
for categorical data
Chi-square test (χ²),
and
Fishers’ Exact Test
degree of
relationship/correlation
of two variables
Pearson Correlation
Analysis
compare the means of
two or more samples
for numerical data
One-Way ANOVA
determine specific
significant relationship
Tukey Post Hoc Tests
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KEY FINDINGS
More than 90% are farming
Both natives and migrants are actively engaged
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Agriculture engagement cut across gender and ages
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Farm tenure distribution in the Ampusongan watershed
LAND TENURE STATUS?
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High percentage of wanting to expand farms And engage in farming
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Socio-economic reasons of farm expansion
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Farmers source of capital in farming
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High percentage of wanting to expand farms and engage in farming
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Reasons of farm expansion into forested areas
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a
b
Different criteria in selecting farm sites
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146, 92.99%
22 14.01%
[VALUE] 49.04%
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Presence of road
Proximity to residence
Easy to clear
[VALUE], 77.78%
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Presence of road
Easy to clear
Farmers
Non-Farmers
High percentage prefer to farm close to road system
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Agricultural areas are closest to road system
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[VALUE] 5.07%
[VALUE] 23.91%
[VALUE] 13.77%
[VALUE] 57.25%
0 20 40 60 80 100
Brush land
Grassland
Pine Forest
Broadleaved Forest
1 20%
[VALUE] 40%
[VALUE] 40%
0 1 2 3
Grassland
Pine Forest
Broadleaved Forest
Farmers
Non-Farmers
Forest are most preferred in farming
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An increase in poverty likelihood will result in increase of farmer frequency
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3 YEARS
AGO
NOW
Changing land use/ crops (agriculture) as adaptation to increasing financial needs
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Most preferred clearing or improvement methods
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Devastating impacts to unregulated use of heavy equipment in agriculture similar to road construction
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Aggravating Factors
• absence of land use policies and poor implementation of laws
• overlapping and conflicting management objectives
• slow and ineffective functioning of stakeholders
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Options/circumstances that would minimize farm expansion
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RECOMMENDATIONS • institutionalizing reward mechanisms for
sustainable land use
• promotion of forest conservation associated livelihoods
• strengthening and accelerating individual land titling
• strengthening land use regulation, policy implementation and monitoring
• strengthening and localizing information, education, campaign (IEC)
• suitability assessments to guide conservation, production and restoration
• policies to stop unsustainable land use and unproductive lands
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TAKE AWAYS
1. Social-protection through actions based
primarily on societal needs and interest
2. Accelerated integrated land-use planning and
implementation
3. Collaboration and harmonization among
stakeholders
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“THINK GLOBALLY, ACT
LOCALLY”
Thank you so much