V. 2007-May-04

Driver Metrics Workshop:Interactive Tool For Assessing Visual Demand

Begin ►

To start, select the “Begin” button below and answer the questions on the following pages. Your answers will allow this assessment tool to determine which metric is most appropriate

for your study relating to visual demand.

Notes:1. All metrics discriminate between the task and “just

driving.”

2. Additional surrogate methods/measures will be folded into the tree, as time allows.

Background Data & Organization of Metrics for Interactive Tool Linda Angell, GMJohn Lee, University of IowaDan McGehee, University of IowaMick Rakauskas, University of MinnesotaAttendees at the Driver Metrics Workshop, Ontario, 2006, sponsored by the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers

Tool Structure & Design: Mick Rakauskas, University of Minnesota

http://ppc.uiowa.edu/drivermetricsworkshophttp://ppc.uiowa.edu/drivermetricsworkshop

V. 2007-May-04

Effects on Driving Performance

What specific effects on driving performance are you interested in assessing?

Event DetectionOnly

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Event Detection

&

Lane Keeping /Lateral Control

&

Speed Keeping /Longitudinal Control

&

Glance Behavior

Event Detection

&

Lane Keeping / Lateral Control

Lane Keeping /Lateral Control

&

Speed Keeping /Longitudinal Control

&

Glance Behavior

V. 2007-May-04

NoYes

Are you concerned about being able to repeat your results in future testing?

Repeatability

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V. 2007-May-04

NoYes

Are you concerned about being able to repeat your results in future testing?

Repeatability

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V. 2007-May-04

NoYes

Are you concerned about being able to repeat your results in future testing?

Repeatability

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V. 2007-May-04

NoYes

Are you concerned about being able to repeat your results in future testing?

Repeatability

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V. 2007-May-04

Of these choices, what is the minimum amount of validation you expect your measures to have?

Limited empirical data, or multiple studies that may not all agree

It is unimportant that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple peer reviewed (published) studies, data are highly valid & consistent

It is very important that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple studies with cross validation, data are highly valid & consistent

It is important that measures have been validated in the past.

More than one study with some consistency, data have validity & applicability

It is somewhat important that measures have been validated in the past.

Empirical Foundations

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V. 2007-May-04

Of these choices, what is the minimum amount of validation you expect your measures to have?

Limited empirical data, or multiple studies that may not all agree

It is unimportant that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple peer reviewed (published) studies, data are highly valid & consistent

It is very important that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple studies with cross validation, data are highly valid & consistent

It is important that measures have been validated in the past.

More than one study with some consistency, data have validity & applicability

It is somewhat important that measures have been validated in the past.

Empirical Foundations

Restart

V. 2007-May-04

Of these choices, what is the minimum amount of validation you expect your measures to have?

Limited empirical data, or multiple studies that may not all agree

It is unimportant that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple peer reviewed (published) studies, data are highly valid & consistent

It is very important that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple studies with cross validation, data are highly valid & consistent

It is important that measures have been validated in the past.

More than one study with some consistency, data have validity & applicability

It is somewhat important that measures have been validated in the past.

Restart

Empirical Foundations

V. 2007-May-04

Of these choices, what is the minimum amount of validation you expect your measures to have?

Limited empirical data, or multiple studies that may not all agree

It is unimportant that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple peer reviewed (published) studies, data are highly valid & consistent

It is very important that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple studies with cross validation, data are highly valid & consistent

It is important that measures have been validated in the past.

More than one study with some consistency, data have validity & applicability

It is somewhat important that measures have been validated in the past.

Empirical Foundations

Restart

V. 2007-May-04

Of these choices, what is the minimum amount of validation you expect your measures to have?

Limited empirical data, or multiple studies that may not all agree

It is unimportant that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple peer reviewed (published) studies, data are highly valid & consistent

It is very important that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple studies with cross validation, data are highly valid & consistent

It is important that measures have been validated in the past.

More than one study with some consistency, data have validity & applicability

It is somewhat important that measures have been validated in the past.

Empirical Foundations

Restart

V. 2007-May-04

Of these choices, what is the minimum amount of validation you expect your measures to have?

Limited empirical data, or multiple studies that may not all agree

It is unimportant that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple peer reviewed (published) studies, data are highly valid & consistent

It is very important that measures have been validated in the past.

Multiple studies with cross validation, data are highly valid & consistent

It is important that measures have been validated in the past.

More than one study with some consistency, data have validity & applicability

It is somewhat important that measures have been validated in the past.

Empirical Foundations

Restart

V. 2007-May-04Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

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Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Event Detection

Sternberg Test    

Missed detections Not yet developed 0.59-0.94

Errors (count or percent) Not yet developed 0.65-0.94

(Other) Combined Decrement Score Not yet developed 0.64-0.84

V. 2007-May-04Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

Restart

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Note: These Metrics are weakly supported by your choices.

Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Event Detection

Visual Occlusion    

R TBD; proposed < 1 0.16-0.48

Lane Change Test (LCT)    

Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion 0.62-0.92

Sign Perception (missed lane changes) TBD; fail=misses > 0 or criterion value unknown

Reaction Time TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown

Lane Change Initiation (event detection) TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown

Total (sum) delay in initiation TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown

Glances Measured in Static Divided Attention Test including PDT  

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.14-0.48

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.17-0.46

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.22-0.36

Glances Measured in Dynamic Driving Test including PDT  

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.17-0.66

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.18-0.66

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.28-0.53

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

Note: These Metrics are weakly supported by your choices.

Restart

Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Event Detection

Visual Occlusion    

R TBD; proposed < 1 0.16-0.48

Lane Change Test (LCT)    

Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion 0.62-0.92

Sign Perception (missed lane changes) TBD; fail=misses > 0 or criterion value unknown

Reaction Time TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown

Glances Measured in Static Divided Attention Test including PDT  

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.14-0.48

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.17-0.46

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.22-0.36

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

Note: These Metrics are weakly supported by your choices.

Restart

Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Event Detection

Visual Occlusion    

R TBD; proposed < 1 0.16-0.48

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

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Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Event Detection

Lane Change Test (LCT)    

Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion 0.62-0.92

Sign Perception (missed lane changes) TBD; fail=misses > 0 or criterion value unknown

Reaction Time TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown

Lane Change Initiation (event detection) TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown

Total (sum) delay in initiation TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown

Sternberg Test    

Missed detections Not yet developed 0.59-0.94

Errors (count or percent) Not yet developed 0.65-0.94

(Other) Combined Decrement Score Not yet developed 0.64-0.84

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

Restart

Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Event Detection

Lane Change Test (LCT)    

Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion 0.62-0.92

Sign Perception (missed lane changes) TBD; fail=misses > 0 or criterion value unknown

Reaction Time TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

Restart

Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Lateral Control/ Lane

Event Detection

Glances Measured in Static Divided Attention Test including PDT    

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.83 0.14-0.48

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.90 0.17-0.46

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.69 0.22-0.36

Glances Measured in Dynamic Driving Test including PDT   

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.96 0.17-0.66

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.96 0.18-0.66

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.74 0.28-0.53

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

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Recommended Metrics

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Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Lateral Control/ Lane

Event Detection

Lane Change Test (LCT)      

Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion 0.52 0.62-0.92

Adaptive Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Sign Perception (missed lane changes) TBD; fail=misses > 0 or criterion value unknown unknown

Reaction Time TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Mean task completion time (or distance) TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Sdev Lpos TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Mean area of deviation per task TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Lane Change Initiation (event detection) TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Total (sum) delay in initiation TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Glances Measured in Static Divided Attention Test including PDT    

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.83 0.14-0.48

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.90 0.17-0.46

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.69 0.22-0.36

Glances Measured in Dynamic Driving Test including PDT    

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.96 0.17-0.66

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.96 0.18-0.66

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.74 0.28-0.53

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

Restart

Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Lateral Control/ Lane

Event Detection

Glances Measured in Static Divided Attention Test including PDT    

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.83 0.14-0.48

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.90 0.17-0.46

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.69 0.22-0.36

Glances Measured in Dynamic Driving Test including PDT   

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.96 0.17-0.66

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.96 0.18-0.66

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.74 0.28-0.53

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

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Recommended Metrics

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Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Lateral Control/ Lane

Event Detection

Lane Change Test (LCT)      

Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion 0.52 0.62-0.92

Adaptive Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Sign Perception (missed lane changes) TBD; fail=misses > 0 or criterion value unknown unknown

Reaction Time TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Glances Measured in Static Divided Attention Test including PDT    

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.83 0.14-0.48

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.90 0.17-0.46

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.69 0.22-0.36

Glances Measured in Dynamic Driving Test including PDT    

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.96 0.17-0.66

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.96 0.18-0.66

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.74 0.28-0.53

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

Note: These Metrics are weakly supported by your choices.

Restart

Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Lateral Control/ Lane

Event Detection

Lane Change Test (LCT)      

Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion 0.52 0.62-0.92

Adaptive Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Sign Perception (missed lane changes) TBD; fail=misses > 0 or criterion value unknown unknown

Reaction Time TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown

Glances Measured in Static Divided Attention Test including PDT    

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.83 0.14-0.48

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.90 0.17-0.46

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.69 0.22-0.36

V. 2007-May-04Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

There were no Metrics supported by your choices.

Please try again by clicking the restart button below.

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V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

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Recommended Metrics

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Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Longitudinal Control/ Speed

Lateral Control/ Lane

Visual Occlusion      

TSOT15 secs (Alliance, v2.1); 7.5 secs (JAMA)20 sec (SAE J-2364; 85th percentile)

0.90 0.54

Glances Measured in Static Divided Attention Test including PDT    

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.86 (Speed Dev)

0.83

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.96 (Speed Dev)

0.90

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.64 (Speed Dev)

0.69

Glances Measured in Dynamic Driving Test including PDT    

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.96 (Speed Dev)

0.96

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.96 (Speed Dev)

0.96

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.69 (Speed Dev)

0.74

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

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Recommended Metrics

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Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Longitudinal Control/ Speed

Lateral Control/ Lane

Visual Occlusion      

TSOT15 secs (Alliance, v2.1); 7.5 secs (JAMA)20 sec (SAE J-2364; 85th percentile)

0.90 0.54

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

Restart

Test Method and Metrics Recommended CriteriaR2 predictive power

Longitudinal Control/ Speed

Lateral Control/ Lane

Visual Occlusion      

TSOT15 secs (Alliance, v2.1); 7.5 secs (JAMA)20 sec (SAE J-2364; 85th percentile)

0.90 0.54

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

Restart

Test Method and Metrics Recommended Criteria

R2 predictive power

Longitudinal Control/ Speed

Lateral Control/ Lane

Event Detection

Glances Measured in Dynamic Driving Test including PDT      

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.96 (Speed Dev)

0.96 0.17-0.66

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.96 (Speed Dev)

0.96 0.18-0.66

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.69 (Speed Dev)

0.74 0.28-0.53

V. 2007-May-04

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

Throughout the document, R2 color coding is as follows:

Green > 0.750.75 > Orange > 0.500.50 > Yellow > 0.75

Exit ►

Recommended Metrics

Note: These Metrics are weakly supported by your choices.

Restart

Test Method and Metrics Recommended Criteria

R2 predictive power

Longitudinal Control/ Speed

Lateral Control/ Lane

Event Detection

Glances Measured in Static Divided Attention Test including PDT      

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.86 (Speed Dev)

0.83 0.14-0.48

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.96 (Speed Dev)

0.90 0.17-0.46

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.64 (Speed Dev)

0.69 0.22-0.36

Rate 2 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) unknown unknown unknown

V. 2007-May-04Exit ►

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V. 2007-May-04

Test Method and Metrics Recommended Criteria

R2 predictive

power

R2 predictive

power

R2 predictive

power

Long'l Ctrl / Speed

Lateral Control/ Lane

Event Detection

Visual Occlusion        

TSOT15 secs (Alliance, v2.1); 7.5 secs (JAMA)20 sec (SAE J-2364; 85th percentile)

0.90 0.54 unknown

R TBD; proposed < 1 unknown unknown 0.16-0.48

Lane Change Test (LCT)        

Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown 0.52 0.62-0.92

Adaptive Mdev TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown unknown

Sign Perception (missed lane changes) TBD; fail=misses > 0 or criterion value unknown unknown unknown

Reaction Time TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown unknown

Mean task completion time (or distance) TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown unknown

Sdev Lpos TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown unknown

Mean area of deviation per task TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown unknown

Lane Change Initiation (event detection) TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown unknown

Total (sum) delay in initiation TBD; compare mean to baseline, reference task, or criterion unknown unknown unknown

Glances Measured in Static Divided Attention Test including PDT      

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.86 (Speed Dev)

0.83 0.14-0.48

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.96 (Speed Dev)

0.90 0.17-0.46

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.64 (Speed Dev)

0.69 0.22-0.36

Rate 2 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) unknown unknown unknown

Glances Measured in Dynamic Driving Test including PDT      

Number TBD; see Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.96 (Speed Dev)

0.96 0.17-0.66

T-G-T (E-O-R-T) 20 secs (Alliance, v 2.1) 0.96 (Speed Dev)

0.96 0.18-0.66

Duration See Alliance protocol and JAMA Guidelines 0.69 (Speed Dev)

0.74 0.28-0.53

Rate 2 seconds (Alliance, v. 2.1) unknown unknown unknown

Peripheral Detection Task (PDT) alone        

PDTA miss rate Not yet developed unknown unknown unknown

PDTA Mean RT Not yet developed unknown unknown unknown

Sternberg Test        

Missed detections Not yet developed unknown unknown 0.59-0.94

Errors (count or percent) Not yet developed unknown unknown 0.65-0.94

(other) Combined Decrement Score Not yet developed unknown unknown 0.64-0.84

Response Times Not yet developed unknown unknown unknown

Click the metric name for a description, lists of references, & organizations with experience.

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V. 2007-May-04

Visual Occlusion

References (peer reviewed)

Noy, Lemoine & Klachan (2002)

z.B. Schutte & Trujillo (1996)

Madhavan & Funk (1996)

Pattipati et al (1983)

Adams, Tenney & Pew (1995)

Mc Farlane & Latorella (2002)

Miyata & Norman (1986)

z.B. Krems et al (2001)

Franke, Daniels & Mc Farlane (2002)

Noy & Lemoine (2001)

Noy et al (2004)

Special issue of Applied Ergonomics (2003)

Special issue of HF (2002)

(non-peer reviewed)

Driver Focus-Telematics Working Group (2002)

Occlusion Metrics (ISO/CD 16673)

(cf. proposal 3.3 (2003) & 2.1A & SAE J2364, ISO 16673)

See operational definitions for task, subtask, and dependant task:alliance guidelines v2.1, June 2006 update

Description The occlusion procedure simulates visual demand in order to measure

the “resumability” after a visual distraction. The longer someone is visually distracted (i.e. is keeping their eyes off the road), the greater the crash risk. The occlusion method is accomplished by blocking the participant’s view of the relevant driving scene area or cockpit areas either physically (e.g. occlusion goggles, partition) or by simulating a partition in a simulated environment for a relevant occlusion interval.

Measures (abbreviations) Total Shutter Open Time (TSOT) - total time that vision is not

occluded with an occlusion procedure (ISO/DIS 16673.2) Total Task Time (TTTUnoccl) - total time that gaze is fixed upon a

target area (ISO/DIS 16673.2) Resumability ratio (R) - determined as the total time that vision is

not occluded with an occlusion procedure (TSOT) to the total static task time (TTTUnoccl). (ISO/DIS 16673.2)

Organizations with Experience

CUT, BASt, TRL

BMW

HASTE (groups involved w/)

Transport Canada

JAMA

JARI

LAB (PSA, Renault)

DRI

Toyota, Ford, Nissan, GM (CAMP)

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V. 2007-May-04

Lane Change Test

Description

The lane change test is a simple laboratory “…dual-task method that quantitatively measures performance degradation on a primary driving-like task due to distraction while a secondary task (e.g. operating an in-vehicle system) is being performed” (ISO TC 22/SC 13/WG 8). During a test run, participants steer a simulated vehicle between three lanes as directed by signs on the side of the road placed at constant distances. Participants complete the primary task of driving while also completing a secondary task or an established criterion task, with established levels of performance (e.g. tuning a radio).

Measures (abbreviations)- [if alternative measure, proposed by]• Mean Deviation (Mdev) - average deviation from normative model

is the total area between the normative model and driving course (m2) divided by distance driven (m)

• Adaptive Mdev – Mean deviation adjusted on a per-individual basis [Tattegrain Veste, INRETS]

• Missed lane changes - count of lane changes missed [Burns, Transport Canada]

• Mean task completion time (or distance) - average time(s) it takes to complete a single task while driving the LCT [Burns, Transport Canada]

• Standard Deviation of lane position (Sdev Lpos)• Mean area of deviation per task - average area between the

normative model and driving course (m2) for a single task [Burns, Transport Canada]

• Lane change initiation (LCI; event detection) - time from when sign appears until initial change from current lane position [Burns, Transport Canada]

• Total (sum) delay in initiation by task - the mean sum of the delays in LCI for a single task (m) [Burns, Transport Canada]

References (non-peer reviewed)

Mattes (2003)

Markkula, Engstrom (in prep)

Burns et al (2005)

CAMP Driver WL Metrics Project (2005)

Organizations with Experience

Daimler Chrysler (& many more)

JARI

VTI (Swedish national Transport Research Institute) collaborating on HASTE & AIDE projects

USDOT, GM, Ford, Toyota, Nissan (CAMP driver WL Metrics project)

Honda

Transport Canada

Volvo

INRETS

LAB

BMW

DRI

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V. 2007-May-04

Glances Measured in Static or Dynamic Divided Attention Test, Including PDT

References (peer reviewed)

Bowyer, Moran, Hsieh, Manhoran, Young, et al (2006)

Corbetta (1998)

Engstrom, Johansson, Ostlund (2005)

HASTE special issue (all papers from WP2 studies)

Victor, Harbluk, Engstrom (2005)

Young & Angell (2003)

(non-peer reviewed)

Johnsson, Engstrom, et al (2004)

Johansson, Kronberg, et al (2006)

Kronberg, Victor, Engstrom (2006)

Larsson (2002)

Markkula, Engstrom (in press)

Ostlund, Peters, et al (2005)

Victgor (2005)

CAMP Driver WL Metrics Project (2005)

Organizations with Experience

HASTE & AIDE projects

USDOT, GM, Ford, Toyota, Nissan (CAMP driver WL Metrics project)

VTTI (Virginia Tech Transportation Institute)

University of Iowa

… and many more

Description

Direct measures assess how drivers respond to vehicle and equipment design, the road environment, or other driver related tasks in both real and simulated road conditions. Behavior is quantified relative to reference task(s) through response & performance measures and gaze metrics (and by inference, attention processes).

Measures (abbreviations)• Number of glances - count of glances that are aimed at a target

object or area• Total Glance Time (T-G-T) - time(s) that gaze is attending to a

target object or area (aka “Eyes Off Road Time (E-O-R-T)”)• Glance Duration - length of time (s) that a glance remains on a

target object or area• Rate - percent of glance duration spent on a target (task) object or

area• Use with a driving methodology yields driving performance data,

e.g. Lane position variation Lane exceedance counts Speed variability Object or event reaction times

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V. 2007-May-04

Sternberg Test

Description

The Sternberg test requires individuals to memorize a short list of numbers. Numbers are then presented (visually, aurally), and the participant must answer "yes" or "no" depending on whether each is a member of the memorized set.

References

To be supplied

Organizations with Experience

GM

Others to be supplied

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