Drinking Water Treatment

LCA & LCC

Agbar Tower, May 21st, 2015

Final Event Presentation

MJ.Amores, Project Manager, Cetaqua

C. Arnal, Economist, Cetaqua

1. Introduction (I)

Drinking Water

Drinking Water

1. Introduction (II): Plants description

DWTP O Coto

0,07 m3/s design 1 kWh/m3

1,5 Hm3/year 1 municipality (13.700 inhab.)

Spring + river water abstraction

Settling

Disinfection

Coagulation

Sand Filters

DWTP Ampolla

4 m3/s design 0,810 kWh/m3

65,90 Hm3/year 63 municipalities (684.921 inhab.)

37% industrial water

River water abstraction

Preoxidation

Coagulation & settling

Sand filtration

GAC filtration

Disinfection

Thickening

Dewatering

Solar drying

2. Environmental general results (I)

GWP: 716 t CO2,eq/year

ODP: 0,001 t CFC-11,eq/year

EU: 1,4 t PO43-, eq/year

CED: 1,44E+07 MJ eq /year

GWP: 480 t CO2,eq/year

ODP: 0,001 t CFC-11,eq/year

EU: 0,9 t PO43-, eq/year

CED: 1,02E+07 MJ eq /year

Year of study: 2011

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Global

warming 100a

Ozone layer

depletion 40a

Eutrophication Cumulative

Energy

Demand

Drinking Water Treatment, Betanzos

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Global

warming 100a

Ozone layer

depletion 40a

Eutrophication Cumulative

Energy

Demand

Drinking Water Treatment, Calafell

Infrastructure

Transport

Energy

Chemicals

Waste

Materials

Sludge

Management

2. Environmental general results (II)

0,00E+00

1,00E-01

2,00E-01

3,00E-01

4,00E-01

5,00E-01

Construction O&M Construction O&M

Calafell Betanzos

GWP (kg CO2,eq/m3)

0,00E+00

1,00E-08

2,00E-08

3,00E-08

4,00E-08

Construction O&M Construction O&M

Calafell Betanzos

ODP (kg CFC-11,eq/m3)

0,00E+00

1,00E-04

2,00E-04

3,00E-04

4,00E-04

5,00E-04

6,00E-04

7,00E-04

8,00E-04

9,00E-04

1,00E-03

Construction O&M Construction O&M

Calafell Betanzos

EU (kg PO4 -3 eq/m3)

0,00E+001,00E+002,00E+003,00E+004,00E+005,00E+006,00E+007,00E+008,00E+009,00E+001,00E+01

Construction O&M Construction O&M

Calafell Betanzos

CED (MJ eq/m3)

2. Economic General results

110.231 €/year

351.632 € €/year

185.324 €/year

1.087.973 €/year

Betanzos

Calafell

Construction Operation & maintenance

3. Environmental results (O&M)

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

GWP (kg CO2 eq./m3 ODP (kg CFC-11 eq./m3) EU (kg PO4 eq./m3) CED (MJ eq./m3)

Drinking Water Treatment, Calafell Water Abstraction

Oxidation with chlorine

Coagulation

Flocculation

Settling

Filtration with Sand Filters

Adsorption with activated carbon

Chlorination

Impulsion

Thickening

Dewatering

Solar drying

Sludge management

Non Hazardous Waste

Hazardous Waste

Other Energy consums

General costs

Local Water Abstraction

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

GWP (kg CO2 eq./m3 ODP (kg CFC-11 eq./m3) EU (kg PO4 eq./m3) CED (MJ eq./m3)

Drinking Water Treatment, Betanzos Water Abstraction

Disinfection

Coagulation

Filtration

Distribution

3. Economic results (O&M) (I)

Energy consumption 18,9%

NaClO2 : 6,0%

Energy consumption : 7,0%

Energy consumption : 8,1%

Indirect cost: 45,2%

Material and subcontrators : 2,6%

Personnel: 11,3%

Material and subcontrators : 4,9%

Personnel: 3,3% Energy consumption : 7,6%

Replacements: 3,8%

Activated carbon: 1,5%

NaClO2 : 1,1%

Energy

consumption : 4%

Indirect cost : 68,5%

Betanzos

Calafell

3. Economic results (O&M) (II)

Fees

•694.337,05 €/year

•64%

M&S

•170.350,54 €/year

•16%

Energy

•159.209,67 €/year

•15%

Personnel

•64.075,83 €/year

•5%

CA

LAFELL

M&S

•174.850,86 €/year

•50%

Energy

•120.893,68 €/year

•34%

Personnel

•55.887,17 €/year

•16%

BETA

NZO

S

4. Sensitivity analysis/ Best practices (I)

(%) 2011 2012 2013 2014

Green

Electricity 87 87 93 96

With Green electricity

Current Result DWT Calafell

Scenario I

Without Green Electricity

Previous Result DWT Calafell

Scenario II

4. Sensitivity analysis/ Best practices (II)

-5,00E-02

0,00E+00

5,00E-02

1,00E-01

1,50E-01

2,00E-01

2,50E-01

3,00E-01

3,50E-01

Scenario I

GWP (kg CO2 eq./m3)

Scenario II

GWP (kg CO2 eq./m3)

GWP (kg CO2, eq/m3), Calafell Local Water Abstraction

General

Other Energy consums

Hazardous Waste

Non Hazardous Waste

Sludge management

Solar drying

Dewatering

Thickening

Impulsion

Chlorination

Adsorption with activated

carbonFiltration with Sand Filters

Settling

47%

11%

-1,00E-08

0,00E+00

1,00E-08

2,00E-08

3,00E-08

4,00E-08

5,00E-08

6,00E-08

Scenario I

ODP (kg CFC-11

eq./m3)

Scenario II

ODP (kg CFC-11

eq./m3)

ODP (kg CFC-11, eq/m3), Calafell Local Water Abstraction

General

Other Energy consums

Hazardous Waste

Non Hazardous Waste

Sludge management

Solar drying

Dewatering

Thickening

Impulsion

Chlorination

Adsorption with activated

carbonFiltration with Sand Filters

Settling

-1,00E-04

0,00E+00

1,00E-04

2,00E-04

3,00E-04

4,00E-04

5,00E-04

Scenario I

EU (kg PO4 eq./m3)

Scenario II

EU (kg PO4 eq./m3)

EU (kg PO4-3, eq/m3), Calafell

Local Water Abstraction

General

Other Energy consums

Hazardous Waste

Non Hazardous Waste

Sludge management

Solar drying

Dewatering

Thickening

Impulsion

Chlorination

Adsorption with

activated carbonFiltration with Sand Filters

Settling -1,00E+00

0,00E+00

1,00E+00

2,00E+00

3,00E+00

4,00E+00

5,00E+00

6,00E+00

7,00E+00

8,00E+00

Scenario I

CED (MJ,eq/m3)

Scenario II

CED (MJ,eq/m3)

CED (MJ eq/m3), Calafell Local Water Abstraction

General

Other Energy consums

Hazardous Waste

Non Hazardous Waste

Sludge management

Solar drying

Dewatering

Thickening

Impulsion

Chlorination

Adsorption with activated

carbonFiltration with Sand Filters

Settling

↓54% ↓27%

↓48% ↓59%

24%

34%

21%

7%

Imp

Abst

Imp

Abst

5. Conclusions

• The environmental and economic impacts linked to DWT construction

phase are negligible compared to the ones related to operation and

maintenance.

• Water abstraction and Impulsion are the major environmental hotspots

(GWP, CED and EU) in O&M for Drinking Water treatment in Betanzos

due to their electricity consumption whereas Absorption with

Activated Carbon treatment is the major environmental contributor in

Calafell due to their production and transport (electricity emissions are

compensated).

• ODP shows major contribution at coagulation stage in both DWTs due

to the chloride chemicals (production and application).

• In economic terms, electricity consumption and chemicals are the

items with more associated cost in O&M of both DWTs.

• Large drinking water plants with high consumptions (electricity,

chemicals, etc) can reduce their general environmental impacts with

best practices as emissions compensations(using green electricity).

Thank you for

your attention