Drinking Water Quality DB Khadka

8/3/2019 Drinking Water Quality DB Khadka

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Drinking Water Quality: Special

ocus ng o eve op ng oun ry

By Dambar B. Khadka

KaHo Sient Lieven, Gent


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Introduction

Earth contains about 70% of water; majority of

them is ocean water

water supports food security, people livelihood,

. By 2050, 9 billion population

By 2025 (IFPRI 2002)

House hold use increased by 50%

Irrigation use increased by only 4%


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Water Quality & Human Health

Water is one of the most fundamental needs

(Maslows principle of needs)

Safe drinking water and sanitation is critical to

,development

Drinking water quality status is worsen in

developing world


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Unsafe water and Health

Total 2.16 million people death per year by

diarrhoeal disease

1.8 million( 88 % ) of is due to water supply,

san a on an yg ene.

Diarrhoeal account to an estimated 4.1% of the

total global DALY


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Sources of water Pollution


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Drinking Water quality

Drinking water Quality

Physical Chemical Biological

TDS, DS, Appearance,

Taste, Clarity, Odour

Inorganic and organic

chemical

Radioactivity

Bacteria, Parasites,

worms


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Major water Quality problems

Biological quality

Microbial or viral Diarrhoea,

Ascaris, Dracunculis, Hookworm

Schistosomiasis worms

rac oma etc....

Chemicals Arsenossis

Flurosis

Lead poisoning etc....

Source: WHO , 2011


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Diarrhoeal death status in world

Diarrhoea is commonly taken as water quality and

safety indicator

Source: WHO Data Base 2004


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Water Quality difference

Developed Vs Underdeveloped world

884 Million (13 %) people in the world used unimproved drinking

water sources

87% of world population used improved drinking Water sources

.

Figure: Regional distribution of unimproved sources in 2008 ( JMP

2010)


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Water quality difference; Trend


Figure: Trend of getting improved sources in 1990-2008

( WHO Database 2011)


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Urban Vs Rural;

Trend % accessibility of improved

water

Gap is still existing between the rural and urban area of

the developing world


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Sanitation difference


Figure: regional distribution of 2.6 billion people

not using improved sanitation facilities in 2008 (

JMP 2010)

Figure: Trend of getting improved

sources in 1990-2008 ( WHO

Database 2011)


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Trend on use of Types water sources

Improved waterOther Improved

waterUnimproved water


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Water Quality &Technological Issues

Piped Distribution system

Inadequate disinfection

Inadequate pressure head or back sophonage

intermittent water su lleakage in water

Ageing and incomplete infrastructure


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Water Quality &Technological Issues

Unimproved other improved drinking watersources

Unavailability of drinking water sources

unplanned household and industrial waste

incorrect selection of water sources

Poor sanitation and Hygiene, Transportation

Poverty

Lack of point of use sustainable Technology


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MDG Goal and Target Achievement

25

30

water

Projected 9%

40

45

50

itation

Projected 36 %

MDG Target 23%

World within Track

for Improved water

sources

World off track

for sanitation

0

5

10

15

20

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

%

Populationw

ithoutImproveddrinking

sources

Year

MDG Target 12 %

672

million

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1990 2000 2010%Population

withoutImprovedsan

Year

1

Billion

1.67

Billion

Source: JMP 2010


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Discussion

Diarrhoeal risk is more higher concerning to sub-Saharan andsouth Asia along with sanitation facilities

Sanitation is out of Track to meet MDG target

MDG goal and Projection Vs Rapid Population Growth (Chinaand India alone with major improved water and sanitation)

Poor maintenance and infrastructure

Lack of knowledge, awareness

Community Centralization of drinking water

Improper discharge of the industrial waste and disposal

Same dwelling line and pipe distribution line

Politics and beurocratic situations & burdens


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Discussion

Chemical quality of drinking water should not beignored ( in some cases > WHO Guideline value)

Arsenic :

in tube well and dug well water in 20 district ofTerai region in Nepal (Thakur

et al. 2010)

.800,000 people, from 312 villages consumed arsenic contaminated water

and minimum 175,000 people have arsenic skin lesions (Das et al. 1996)

In Bangladesh and China have also been reported (Smith & Smith 2004).

Chemical quality along with arsenic content found in tube well, bore whole

and river water in some region of the Ghana (Rossiter et al. 2010)

Fluoride :

India and china are the worst affected countries in the world (Ayoob & Gupta

2007)

High concentration in Rift Valley of Ethopia (Kloos & Haimanot 2002).


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Conclusions and recommendations

Access to drinking water from improved sources

Sanitation facilities are week in developing country ( Out ofTrack To meet MDG Target)

Post contamination in treated water supply is Important toconsidered: data is emerging

Some a arming regions or c emica contaminant

Additionally existence burden for quality water supply are

Improper management

political issues and Beurocratic system

Lack in adoption of the Good practices, maintenance andmanagement of drinking water production and supply


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Conclusion and Recommendation

Problem observed in the distribution system is also important particularly

in the piped water supply area in developing countries. But the data is not

sufficiently available for the distribution system. A complete data set is

needed on this aspects to set future policy and strategies.

In other hand chemical contamination in some particular area have to be

, technology for those particular area is also equally important

A multi barrier approach to sector operation and management to ensure

improved quality supplied.

Commitment of government, Strengthen policy and development of

strategy at a country level considering water quality as a prime cause of

health and economic loss integrating with the other national and international body is essential.


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Thank You


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Industrial Waste

e.g. Boiling feed water

Cleaning water , disinfection

water, industrial Effluent

industrial SewageIndustrial emission

fuels: storage & spills etc.

Municipal & Domestic

e.g.. Dwellings, Sewage,

Detergent, motor oil , paint

etc.

Agriculture

e.g.: Fertilizer, Pesticides,Antibiotic feed, Livestock

waste etc.

Storm water

Run off water

containing

Source of water

Natural

Soil geology, soil

contain heavy metal

household or

municipal garbage

, spillage etc

Land Fill

Public, private &

industrial land fill

Poor underground

storage tank

po ution

Other

e.g.. Rain and

seasonal variations

etc.

Drinking Water Quality DB Khadka

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