Drinking - Mineral Water & Seltzer

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    18th Century Material Culture

    Mineral, Seltzer, & Gout Waters

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     “SELTER WATER” was a naturally occurring mineral water that came from theunderground springs of Niederselters, Germany. All the rage in Europe during the18th century, this popular water was cherished for its mineral content and metallic trace

    elements that it extracted from rocks located deep below the earth’s surface. As early as1728, it was packaged in stoneware bottles that were produced by German pottersknown as Krugbacker (“pot bakers”). It was then shipped all over the world forconsumption, including destinations to England and America.

    Germany was not the only nation to produce mineral waters. In his account of the

    therapeutic benefits of mineral water that came from the springs of Gloucester,England, physician John Hemming wrote in 1789 that those who drank the water felt “many cures were accomplished”. Not only did it remedy digestive orders, but it alsolaid claim to help heart palpitations, fainting, nervous disorders, fever, rheumatism, “female complaints”  and last, but certainly not least, flatulence. Whether or not theseclaims were legitimate is uncertain.

     “SELTER” & “SELTZER” Water 

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    In 1767, chemist Joseph Priestley discovered amethod of creating an artificially fizzy water byinfusing it with carbon dioxide gas. Suspending a

    bowl of water over a beer vat in Leeds, England,the carbonated water that formed had a verypleasant taste and aroma which resulted in itbeing o" ered to Priestley’s relationships as arefreshing beverage.

    In 1772, Joseph Priestley published “Impregnating Water with Fixed Air...” in which he describedthe process of creating soda water. He believedthat his “Happiest Discovery” was beneficial inthe prevention of scurvy.

     “SELTER” & “SELTZER” Water 

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     “DIRECTIONS FOR IMPREGNATING WATER WITH FIXED AIR;... Pyrmont Water”

    by Joseph Priestly 1772(Science & Society)

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     The Chemist Joseph Priestley

    by Henry Fuseli 1783(Dr. William’s Library, London)

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     The Chemist Joseph Priestley

    by James Millar 1789(Harris Manchester College, University of Oxford)

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    In 1783, Johann Jacob Schweppe developed a process to manufacture artificiallycarbonated mineral water based on the principles and processes developed by JosephPriestley. In 1783, he founded the Schweppes Company located in Geneva. In 1792, hemoved his soda water operations to London. His namesake still graces the shelves of

    today.

     With the advent of artificially carbonated waters, “Selter” waters eventually becameknown as “Seltzer” waters.

     “SELTER” & “SELTZER” Water 

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweppeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_water

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     Salt Glazed StonewareMineral / Selter Bottles

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    German Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral Water / Selter Bottle from Westerwald

    Spring Marked with a Cobalt Blue “P” c. 1591 - 1800(Museum of London)

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    German Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral Water / Selter Bottle from Westerwald

    Spring Marked with a Cobalt Blue “P” c. 1591 - 1800(Museum of London)

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    German Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral Water / Selter Bottle from Westerwald

    Spring Marked with a Cobalt Blue “P” c. 1591 - 1800(Museum of London)

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    German Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral Water / Selter Bottle from Westerwald

    Spring Marked with a Cobalt Blue “P” c. 1701 - 1800(Museum of London)

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    German Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral Water / Selter Bottle from Westerwald

    Spring Marked with a Cobalt Blue “P” c. 1750(Museum of London)

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    German Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral Water / Selter Bottle from Westerwald

    Spring Marked with a Cobalt Blue “P” c. 1591 - 1714(Museum of London)

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    German Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral Water / Selter Bottle from Westerwald

    Spring Marked with a Cobalt Blue “P” c. 1591 - 1714(Museum of London)

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    Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral Water / Selter Bottle from Westerwald

    c. 1770(Skerry & Hood)

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    Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral / Seltzer Bottles

    Recovered from the Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck o"  Delaware, Likely the British Merchant Ship, Severn c. 1774(The Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck: Identification, Analysis and Historical Context” by Bridget Christine McVae, St. Mary’s College)

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    Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral / Seltzer Bottles

    Recovered from the Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck o"  Delaware, Likely the British Merchant Ship, Severn c. 1774(The Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck: Identification, Analysis and Historical Context” by Bridget Christine McVae, St. Mary’s College)

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    Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral / Seltzer Bottles

    Recovered from the Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck o" 

     Delaware, Likely the British Merchant Ship, Severn c. 1774(The Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck: Identification, Analysis and Historical Context” by Bridget Christine McVae, St. Mary’s College)

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    Salt Glazed Stoneware Mineral / Seltzer Bottle

    Recovered from the Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck o" 

     Delaware, Likely the British Merchant Ship, Severn c. 1774(The Roosevelt Inlet Shipwreck: Identification, Analysis and Historical Context” by Bridget Christine McVae, St. Mary’s College)

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    GlassMineral Water Bottles

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    Glass Mineral Water Bottle

    18th Century(Robert Hunter)

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    Glass Mineral Water Marked "Carried by Major Clift in the Revolutionary War."

    18th Century(Private Collection)

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    Glass Mineral Water Bottle Covered in Canvas & Leather

    18th Century(ex Ivor Noel Hume Collection - Photo Courtesy Robert Hunter)

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     “A Midnight Modern Conversation”by William Hogarth 1732

    (Yale Center for British Art)

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    Detail: “A Midnight Modern Conversation”

    by William Hogarth 1732(Yale Center for British Art)

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    Detail: “A Midnight Modern Conversation”

    by William Hogarth 1732(Yale Center for British Art)

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    German Piermont & Pyrmont Springs Water Bottle Shards

    Found in the Colonial Chesapeake, Virginia, Region - First Half of the 18th Century(From “Glass in Colonial Wiliamsburg’s Archeological Collections” by Ivor Noel Home, Courtesy Robert Hunter)

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    German Pyrmont Spring Water Bottle Found in the Kleinduetchland Section of German Settlers, New York City

    c. 1730 - 1740(Tim Strong)

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    German Pyrmont Spring Water Bottle Found in the Kleinduetchland Section of German Settlers, New York City

    c. 1730 - 1740(Tim Strong)

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    German Pyrmont Springs Water Bottles

    Similar to those Imported into the Colonial Chesapeake, Virginia, Region in the First Half of the 18th Century - Early 18th Century(Photo Courtesy Robert Hunter)

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    Gout Water Bottles

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    English Salt Glazed Stoneware Godstone “Iron Pear Tree” Gout Water Bottle

    c. 1752(Bonhams)

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    English Salt Glazed Stoneware Godstone “Iron Pear Tree” Gout Water Bottle

    c. 1752(Bonhams)

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    English Salt Glazed Stoneware Godstone “Iron Pear Tree” Gout Water Bottle

    Mid 18th Century(Leland Little Auctions)

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    English Salt Glazed Stoneware Godstone “Iron Pear Tree” Gout Water Bottle

    Mid 18th Century(Leland Little Auctions)

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     Acknowledgements

     The material contained within these slideshows is presented for educational purposes only. The18th Century Material Culture Resource Center does not personally own any of the itemsdepicted herein and is indebted to the countless museums, libraries, and private collectors who

     willingly share their collections with the public through the internet. Every attempt has beenmade to credit these organizations and individuals for their contributions as best as possible.

    If there is a question you have regarding a particular item featured within a presentation, pleasecontact the 18th Century Material Culture Resource Center and we will try to answer yourinquiry as best as possible. If for any reason you feel there is any item that should not bepresented here, or if there is an error in any listing, or if you know the source for any item whosecredit is unknown, please inform us and we will make sure your concern is addressed as soon aspossible.

     Thank you!

    - The 18th Century Material Culture Resource Center