Drinking and Hangovers
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Transcript of Drinking and Hangovers
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Drinking and Hangovers
Albert Francis E. Domingo, MD
http://AlbertDomingo.com
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Ethanol disturbs the fine balancethat exists between excitatory and
inhibitory influences in the brain,producing the disinhibition, ataxia,
and sedation that follow itsconsumption.
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(% v/v)
Beer 4-6Wine 10-15
Distilled Spirits
(Hard)
>= 40
Proof = two times the percentage alcohol (v/v)
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A typical serving size of alcoholic beverage (1
beer bottle, 1 glass wine, 1 shot tequila, etc) is
adjusted to yield 14 grams of ethanol.
One serving of alcoholic beverage when
consumed results in 30 mg/dL Blood Alcohol
Level (BAL) in a typical 70 kg person.
The legal limit is usually 80-100 mg/dL BAL
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Alcohol and its Effects
Depressant, notstimulant
Behavioral disinhibitor
Beer Goggles
Individual signs of intox
vary from expansive
and vivacious affect, to
uncontrolled moodswings and emotional
outbursts with violent
components
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Acute Alcohol Intoxication
Blood Alcohol Level (mg/dL) Effects
20-30
(1 serving)
Increased reaction time
Diminished fine motor
control
Impulsivity and impairedjudgment (beer goggles)
80-100 mg/dL LEGAL LIMIT
150 mg/dL
(5 servings)
Gross intoxication
400 mg/dL
(13-14 servings) DEATH
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More severe intoxication presents similarly to General
Anesthesia, with little margin between anesthetic and lethal
effects.
Ethanol itself is neurotoxic; neurons (approx. 1M) are lost
when intoxicated.
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Alcohol and the Human Body
1. Rate of drinking
2. Gender
3. Body weight and water percentage
4. Rates of metabolism and stomach
emptying
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Absorption
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Absorption
More rapid in the small intestine than in the
stomach
Pulutan or food delays stomach emptying,
leading to slowerethanol absorption
Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)
Gastric ADH: less in women, more in men
Hepatic ADH
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Metabolism, Excretion
Absorption(Stomach,Small Intestine)
Metabolism(ADH)
Excretion(Urine)
EthanolAcetaldehyde Acetate
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Rule of Thumb
For individuals with normal hepatic
function, ethanol is metabolized at a rate
of
1 standard drink every 60-90 minutes
(BAL is reduced by 15 mg/dL per hour)
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The Hangover
EthanolAcetaldehyde Acetate
When acetaldehyde accumulates in the blood,flushing, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and
nausea occur.
The best hangover remedy is based on the
principles of ethanol excretion: WATER
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END
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References
Goodman & Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis ofTherapeutics. 10th ed. (2001). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mycek, MJ et al. (2000). Lippincotts IllustratedReviews: Pharmacology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
*Photographs are properties of their respectivecopyright owners.