Drilling Operations
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Transcript of Drilling Operations
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EXPLORATION EXPLORATION OFOF
HYDROCARBONS HYDROCARBONS
Module No 3
DRILLING OPERATIONS
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WELL PROFILEWELL PROFILE
FIGURE 3.2: SHOWS A TYPICAL
DRILLING/CASING
PROGRAM
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DIFFERENT PHASES OF A WELLDIFFERENT PHASES OF A WELL
PHASE- A
PHASE- B
PHASE- C
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SPP & HYDROSTATIC SPP & HYDROSTATIC PRESSUREPRESSURE
FIGURE3.3.1: SHOWS HOW TO CALCULATE THE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND STAND PIPE
PRESSURE
(A) HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE Ph= H X d/10
(METRIC)Ph= 0.052 X H X d
(API)H d
(B) STANDPIPE PRESSURESPP= Psurf + Ppipe + Pbit + Pann
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MAKING A CONNECTION WITH MAKING A CONNECTION WITH KELLY TO DRILL 17.5” HOLEKELLY TO DRILL 17.5” HOLE
PICKING UP JOINT
JOINT IN MOUSEHOLE
CONNECTING KELLY WITH
JOINT
STABBING THE ADDED JOINT INTO TOP OF DRILL PIPE
JOINT ADDED
AND READY
TO MAKE HOLE
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MAKING A CONNECTION WITH MAKING A CONNECTION WITH TOP DRIVETOP DRIVE
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POOHPOOH
KELLY IN THE RAT
HOLE
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SURFACE CASINGSURFACE CASING1. PREVENT COLLAPSE OF THE
BOREHOLE
2. PROTECT GROUNDWATER
SUPPLIES
3. CONDUCT PRODUCED FLUIDS TO SURFACE
4. SUPPORT SURFACE PRESSURE CONTROL EQUIPMENT
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CASING ACCESSORIESCASING ACCESSORIES
SCRATCHERS STRIP OFF THE
WALL CAKE FORMED BY
DRILLING MUD FOR BETTER
CEMENT BONDING
CENTRALIZERS HAVE A BOWED-
SPRING ARRANGEMENT,
TO KEEP THE CASING
CENTERED IN THE HOLE
FLOAT COLLAR IS DESIGNED TO
SERVE AS A RECEPTACLE FOR CEMENT
PLUGS, AND TO KEEP THE
DRILLING MUD IN THE HOLE
FROM ENTERING THE
CASING
THE GUIDE SHOE HELPS GUIDE THE
CASING PAST SMALL
LEDGES OR DEBRIS IN THE HOLE
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CEMENTING OF CEMENTING OF SURFACE CASINGSURFACE CASING
TOP PLUG
CEMENT SLURRY
BOTTOM PLUG
FLOAT COLLAR
CENTRALIZER
GUIDE SHOE
DISPLACEMENT FLUID
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CASING WITH CEMENTCASING WITH CEMENT
A TOP VIEW SHOWS CASING CONTACTING THE SIDE OF THE HOLE AND AN EMPTY AREA (VOID) WHERE NO CEMENT EXITS.
THE CASING SHOULD NOT TOUCH THE HOLE, IF IT DOES……
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DRILLING 12.25” HOLEDRILLING 12.25” HOLE
1. DRILL WITH 12.25” BIT
2. ELECTRIC LOGS (OPTIONAL)
3. RUNNING AND CEMENTING INTERMEDIATE CASING.
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TRIPPING INTRIPPING IN
1. RUN IN HOLE WITH NEW BHA ON DRILL PIPES, WITH ALWAYS SMALL OUTER DIAMETER (OD) THAN CASING ID.
2. WHILE TRIPPING IN DRILLER CAREFULLY OBSERVES THE METAL DISPLACEMENT OF DRILLING MUD.
3. DRILLER FILL THE DRILL STRING AFTER FEW STANDS TO KEEP THE HOLE IN BALANCE CONDITIONS .
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LOT(LEAK OFF TEST)LOT(LEAK OFF TEST)
THE PRESSURE INCREASES UNTIL JUST REACHING THE
POINT WHERE EXISTING FRACTURES BEGIN TO
ADMIT FLUID, LEAK OFF PRESSURE
IF PUMPING CONTINEOUS, THE FRACTURES WILL OPEN
FURTHER; TO THE POINT THAT ALL ADDITIONAL MUD
PUMPED ENTERS THE FORMATION AND SURFACE
PRESSURE REMAIN STEADY; INJECTIVITY PRESSURE
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RUNNING & CEMENTING RUNNING & CEMENTING INTERMEDIATE CASINGINTERMEDIATE CASING
INTERMEDIATE LINER IS HUNG
IN THE SURFACE CASING
INTERMEDIATE CASING IS RUN
AND CEMENTED IN THE
INTERMEDIATE HOLE
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DRILLING TO TOTAL DEPTH DRILLING TO TOTAL DEPTH (8.5” HOLE)(8.5” HOLE)
1. DRILLING WITH 8.5” BIT TO TD (TOTAL DEPTH).
2. ELECTRIC LOGS, NO GOOD RESULT, PLUG AND ABANDON.
3. GOOD RESULTS FROM ELECTRIC LOGS, MAY PROCEED FOR PRODUCTION TESTING, NO GOOD RESULTS MAY PROCEED FOR PLUG AND ABANDON
4.GOOD RESULTS WILL FINALLY END ON COMPLETION.
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EVALUATING THE EVALUATING THE FORMATIONFORMATION
1. MUDLOGGING
2. ELECTRIC LOGGING
3. CORING
4. MEASUREMENT WHILE DRILLING
5. RFT (REPEATER FORMATION TESTER)
6. DRILL STEM TESTING
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MUD LOGGINGMUD LOGGING
FIGURE3.5.1.1: SHOWS
DIFFERENT PARAMETERS MONITERED
BY MUD LOGGING
UNIT
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ELECTRIC LOGGING ELECTRIC LOGGING (WIRELINE LOGGING)(WIRELINE LOGGING)
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EXAMPLE OF A WIRELINE LOGEXAMPLE OF A WIRELINE LOG
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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF CORINGCORING
1. PROVIDES RELATIVELY UNDAMAGED SAMPLE OF SUBSURFACE ROCKS.
2. PROVIDES RELATIVELY TRUE PICTURE OF FORMATION POROSITY & PERMEABLITY.
3. PROVIDES RELATIVELY TRUE FEATURES OF FORMATIONS.
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CONVENTIONAL CORINGCONVENTIONAL CORINGCIRCULATING
THROUGH INNER BARREL BEFORE
CORING
CIRCULATING THROUGH OUTER BARREL DURING
CORING
CONVENTIONAL CORING
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WHY WE NEED SIDE WALL CORING?
SIDEWALL CORINGSIDEWALL CORING
BULLETS BEFORE FIRING
AFTER FIRING
BULLETS
WITH
SAMPLE
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MEASUREMENT WHILE DRILLINGMEASUREMENT WHILE DRILLING
FIGURE3.5.1.4: MUD-PULSE MEASUREMENT-WHILE DRILLING (MWD) TOOL
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RFT (REPEAT FORMATION RFT (REPEAT FORMATION TESTER)TESTER)
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DST (DRILL STEM TESTING)DST (DRILL STEM TESTING)
A-SET PACKER
ABOVE
TEST ZONE, TO
SEAL OFF HOLE ANNULUS B- OPEN TEST
VALVE AND FLOW FOR FIXED PERIOD
C- SHUT IN WELL AT TEST VALVE AND MONITOR PRESSURE BUILD UP
D-RELESE PACKER AND EQUALIZE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
E- CIRCULATE TO RECOVERED FLUIDS OUT OF HOLE
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WELL TESTING SURFACE EQUIPMENTSWELL TESTING SURFACE EQUIPMENTS
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WELL COMPLETIONWELL COMPLETION
1. SETTING PRODUCTION CASING
2. PERFORATION.
2. INSTALLING A PRODUCTION WELL HEAD
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PERFORATINGPERFORATING
PERFORATING GUNS ARE AVAILABLE IN
SEVERAL SIZES
GUN IN
HOLE TO A DEPTH OPPOSITE THE PRODUCING ZONE
THE SHAPED CHARGES ARE
FIRED
ALLOW RESERVIOR FLUIDS TO FLOW IN WELL
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CHRISTMAS TREECHRISTMAS TREE
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SPECIAL DRILLING SPECIAL DRILLING OPERATIONSOPERATIONS
1. DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
2. HORIZONTAL DRILLING
3. STUCK PIPE
4. FISHING
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DIRECTIONAL DRILLINGDIRECTIONAL DRILLING
SEVERAL DIRECTIONAL WELLS ARE OFTEN DRILLED FROM A SINGLE OFFSHORE PLATFORM
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DIRECTIONAL DIRECTIONAL ENGINEERINGENGINEERING
Kick-off Point End of Build-
up
Tangent Section
Target Zone
Horizontal Displacement
Total Vertical Depth (TVD) Kick-off
Point (KOP)
End of Build-up
Tangent Section
Drop off Zone Target Zone
Horizontal
Slant Well
‘S’ Well
NOMENCLATURE FOR DIRECTIONAL WELLBORES
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DIRECTIONALDIRECTIONAL DRILLING DRILLING
TOOLSTOOLS
MUD MOTOR DEFLECTED WITH BENT SUB
A WHIPSTOCK GIVING DIRECTION TO BIT
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MUD MUD MOTORSMOTORS
THE DRILLING FLUIDS THROUGH THE TURBINE BLADES SPINS THE ROTORS, SHAFT AND BIT
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DEVIATION SURVEY DEVIATION SURVEY TOOLSTOOLS
SINGLE SHOT MAGNETIC
TOOL
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HORIZONTAL DRILLINGHORIZONTAL DRILLING
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STUCK PIPE (KEY SEAT)STUCK PIPE (KEY SEAT)
IN A DOGLEG, DRILL STRING TENSIONS FORCES THE PIPE TO RUB AGAINST ONE SIDE OF THE HOLE. EVENTUALLY, THE PIPE MAY WEAR A SLOT (THE KEY SEAT) INTO THE WALL OF THE HOLE.
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DIFFERENTIAL STICKINGDIFFERENTIAL STICKING
WHEN DRILL PIPE (DRILL COLLARS ESPECIALLY) RESTS STATIONARY AGAINST A PERMEABLE FORMATION, PART OF THE PIPE BECOMES EMBEDDED IN THE FILTER CAKE. WITH PRESSURE LOWER ON FORMATION SIDE OF THE PIPE, THE PIPE BECOMES STUCK IN PLACE BY DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE.
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FISHING TOOLSFISHING TOOLSAN
OVERSHOT GRIPS THE OUTSIDE OF A FISH FOR REMOVAL FROM THE HOLE
A SPEAR GRIPS THE INSIDE OF THE FISH
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MILLSMILLS
MILLS SUCH AS THESE ARE USED TO GRIND THE JAGGED TOPS OF FISH TO FACILIATE OVERSHOT OR
SPEAR ATTACHMENT
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU