Drill: How many iron atoms are in 3.2 kg Fe 2 O 3 ?
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Transcript of Drill: How many iron atoms are in 3.2 kg Fe 2 O 3 ?
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Drill:How many iron
atoms are in
3.2 kg Fe2O3?
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Drill: Calculate the volume of O2 at STP required to burn 6.00 g of
C2H6:
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Electronic Structure
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Electron Configuration
•A description of the electrons in
an atom
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Orbital•The space in which the electrons (e-) are likely to be found
•Max 2 e- per orbital
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Rule of Electron configuration
• Number: energy level (row #)
• Letter: energy sublevel (area)
• Superscript: # of e- in sublevel
• d electrons: 1 level < row #
• f electrons: 2 levels < row #
• Show all filled sublevels
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Energy Levels•Corresponds to row #
•1 - 7
•Related to size
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Energy Sublevels•Corresponds to an area on the periodic table
•= nodes in orbitals
•s, p, d, f
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s - electrons•Columns 1A & 2A
•Spherical orbitals
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p - electrons•Col. 3A - 8A or 13 - 18
•Dumbbell shaped orbital
•3 orbitals per sublevel
•1 node
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d - electrons•Cols 3B - 2B or 3 - 12
•Transition area (2 nodes)
•Double dumbbell shaped
•5 orbitals in sublevel
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f - electrons•Lower removed area
•Triple dumbbell shaped
•7 orbitals per sublevel
•3 nodes
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
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Ground State•All electrons are in their lowest possible energy state
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Excited State•One or more electrons are not in their lowest possible energy state
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Degenerate Orbitals
•Orbitals at the same energy level
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List, describe, & identify the area of the Periodic Table
for each type of orbital.
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Write the ECs for:•Ne
•Rb
•Tc
•As
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Homework:•Work problems 33 & 34 on page 170.
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Drill: Write the ECs for:Sn Pt
I-1 Mn+2
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Write the ECs for:
Zn Au
Al+3 Fe+3
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AP Chm Homework:
•Work problems 31 – 40 on page 170
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Electron Dot Diagram•Represents the valence electrons in an atom
•Maximum 4 pairs drawn on an imaginary square around the symbol
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Valence Electrons
•Electrons in the outer most energy level
•Electrons involved in chemical reactions
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Octet Rule•8 electrons in the outer level is stable
•elements attempt to get eight electrons in their outer level
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Column 1A•1s1, 2s1, 3s1, etc
• Na
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Column 2A•1s2, 2s2, 3s2, etc
• Mg
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Column 3A• 2s22p1 ,3s23p1, etc
• Al
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Column 4A• 2s22p2, 3s23p2, etc
• C
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Column 5A• 2s22p3, 3s23p3, etc
• N
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Column 6A• 2s22p43s23p4, etc
• O
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Column 7A• 2s22p53s23p5, etc
• Cl
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Column 8A• 2s22p63s23p6, etc
• Ne
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EC for Transition El.•4s23d1 4s23d6
•4s23d2 4s23d7
•4s23d3 4s23d8
•4s13d5 4s13d10
•4s23d5 4s23d10
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Chromium & Copper Are
Kinky
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Transition Dot Diagrams
•Kinky ones have a single
•All the rest have a pair
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Inner Transition Dot Diagrams
•All have a pair
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Drill: Draw the electron
configuration for Uranium
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HW: Problems 53 – 56 on page 171
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Write ECs & EDDs for:
S -16 Cu -29
Sb -51Ca+2 -20
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Quantum Numbers
•A more complete description of the electrons in an atom
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Quantum Numbersn : Energy level(Row)
l : Energy Sublevel
m or ml : Orientation
s or ms : Spin
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Quantum Numbersn : Size
l : Shape or nodes
m or ml : Orientation
s or ms : Spin
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Quantum Numbersn : 1 ---> 7
l : 0 ---> (n - 1)
m : + l ---> - l
s : + 1/2 or -1/2
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Quantum Numbers•Go from the lowest to highest possibilities:
•Start n with 1, start l with 0, etc.
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Quantum Numbers
H: (1,0,0,1/2)
n = 1, l = 0, m = 0, s = 1/2
He: (1,0,0,-1/2)
etc
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Drill: Predict EC, QN & EDD for:
•Pb-82
•Gd-64
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Give QN, & EDD:Te-52 I-53Fe-26 V-23Pu-94 Al-13Sb-51 Au-79
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DRILL: Write EC, EDD, & QN for:
Os-76
Bi-83
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Oxidation State•The charge or apparent charge of an element
•Oxidation numbers
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Negative Ox #• Always = column # - 8
• Exceptions: only in apparent charges: peroxides, hydrocarbons
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Positive Ox #• = column #
• = unpaired electrons
• = s e- ---> s + d e-
• Apparent: singles & pairs
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Determine EC, EDD, QN, Ox # of:
SR-38 Au-79
At-85 Ho-67
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Drill:Determine EC, EDD, QN, Ox # of:
Ba-56 Pt-78
Cl-17 Tb-65
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Wave Formula•v or c = f •c = speed of light
= wavelength
or f = frequency
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Calculate the wavelength of your
favorite radio stationFM in MHzAM in kHz
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Plank’s Formula•E = hf = hc/•E = energy
•h = Plank’s Constant
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Calculate the energy of a photon from your favorite
radio station:
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Calculate the energy of uv
light at 221 nm:
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DeBroglie’s Formula
= h/mv
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Calculate the wavelength of a 221 g baseball
thrown at 15 m/s:
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Calculate the energy and mass of a photon of IR light at 1.326 m:
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Spectrum•The unique set of waves absorbed or emitted by a substance
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Absorption Spectrum•The unique set of wavelengths absorbed by a substance
•Atomic Absorption Sp
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Emission Spectrum•The unique set of wavelengths emitted by a substance
•Atomic Emission Sp
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Atomic Absorption Spectrum
•Dark-line Spectrum
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Atomic Emission Spectrum
•Bright-line Spectrum
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Spectroscopy
•The study of a substance under continuous excitation energy
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Drill: Determine EC, EDD, QN, &
Ox # for each of the following: Mg, Sn,
U, K, Cl, & V
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Determine EC, EDD, QN, & Ox #
for each of the following: Zr, He,
Eu, & Cr
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Determine EC, EDD, QN, & Ox #
for each of the following:
Br-1, Kr, & Sr+2
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With a UV,visible,IR spectrophotometer waves at 221 nm, 663 nm, & 2.21 m were detected when element X was excited. Calculate the
energy differences among levels 1, 2, 3, & 4.
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Chapter 3 General
•Define all the Key Terms on page 168
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Wave Energies
•Work problems:
1 - 10
on page 169
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Determine the EC, EDD, QN & Ox #
for each of the following: Mg, Sn,
P, K, Cl, & V
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EC
•Work problems:
39 -42
on page 170
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Quantum Numbers
•Work problems:
21 - 32
on page 170
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Determine the EC, EDD, QN, & OS for
elements: 21, 14, 29, & 64
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Excited sodium emits red light at 663 nm.
Determine EC, EDD, QN, OS, & the energy
of the light wave.
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