4Lesson 4Duplex Drilling Method

“ Drill Bit Location” Drill Bit LocationA Friendly Discussion

Thomas J. Tuozzolo, P.E.

September, 24, 2010ISM –Washington DC

CCONSTRUCTION & ONSTRUCTION & GGEOTECHNICAL EOTECHNICAL SSERVICESERVICES MORETRENCH.COMNNEW EW JJERSEY ERSEY ●● FFLORIDA LORIDA ●● NNEW EW YYORK ORK ●● MMASSACHUSETTS ASSACHUSETTS ●● PPENNSYLVANIA ENNSYLVANIA ●● DDELAWARE ELAWARE ●● WWASHINGTON, ASHINGTON, DCDC

ISM Washington, DC

Overview

Internal Drilling Methods What is this “Plug Drilling” Method? g g

Featured in Foundation Drilling Magazine – Dec/Jan 2009 issue.

Can “Plug Drilling” work everywhere? What does it really take to drill a proper

hole/pile? Discussion

Basic Construction Sequence Involvesq

DrillingfPlacing reinforcement

GroutingGrouting

Basic Construction Techniquesq

Installation Methods

Drilling Methodsg

1.Single Tube

Advancement(End of Casing

Flush)

2.Rotary Duplex

3.Rotary PercussiveConcentric Duplex

4.Rotary PercussiveEccentric Duplex

5.“Double Head” Duplex 6.

Hollow-StemAuger

Legend Percussion (Casing)

Percussion (Rod)

Rotation (Casing)

Rotation (Rod)

Flush Casing

CrownShoe

Rod

Bit

Duplex Drillingp g Often specified - least risk

Minimal loss of ground in cohesionless soils

Possible borehole smearing in clays

Grouted through the casing –th ll d ith t i h dthen pulled with tremie head or excess pressure

Internal Flush Drillingg

King Swivel – injecting water or airg j g

Discharge Spoilsg p

Pressure Grouting Setupg p

Drill Bit Location

Installation with Cutting Shoesg

Internal Flush Drillingg

Rotary Duplex Rod and Casingy p g

Rotary Duplex Rod and Casingy p g

Rotary Duplex Rod and Casingy p g

Internal Flush Drillingg

Internal Flush Drillingg

Bit Location – Air Configurationg

Plug Drilling – What is it?g g

In Plug Drilling the Casing extendsCasing extends well beyond the inner steel, forcing internal (between

Reason for Plug Drilling???

“ Inner Drill Stringthe casing and the drill steel) travel of spoil

Inner Drill String must remain retracted inside casing a distance

f 2 i h(Foundation Drilling Magazine, January 2009)

of 2 times the inside diameter of the casing to prevent externalprevent external flush”

What do you do when you bind up?y y p

Possible outcome

Possible Disadvantagesg

“Having a machine with the power of a large bore drill allows to plug drill”

What about tight acess or low headroom j t ?projects?

Cross Section Through New ChamberCross Section Through New Chamber

What about tight access or low headroom projects ?

Lowering of Drill Rigs – Klemm 702

projects ?

g g

What about tight access or low headroom ?

Lowering of Drill Rigs

gprojects ?

Lowering of Drill Rigs

What about tight access or low headroom ?

Two Rigs Working

What about tight access or low headroom ? g

Possible Disadvantagesg

“H i hi ith th f l b d ill “Having a machine with the power of a large bore drill allows to plug drill”

M k i h d f th k d lt Makes casing shoe do more of the work and can result in excess wear which can result in premature termination of hole (shoe worn out) requiring extraction of casing ( ) g g(leaving an open hole).

What happens when you get stuck?

More torque induced into casing which can result in difficulties extracting and breaking joints for pressure grouted micropiles (joints seized up).

Possible conditions for “Plug Drilling”g g

N t i ti i i C l d ill h d ith No restrictions on rig size. Can use large drill head with high torque.

Y d ill ith i l t k hi ith t You can drill with a single stroke machine, without adding casing.

Y h t ll t f th d ill h l You never have to pull out of the drill hole.

If “plug drilling” is not performedIf plug drilling is not performed properly you may need a lot of grout!!!grout!!!

Uphold Velocity – Compressed Airp y p

MINIMUM COMPRESSOR SIZE REQUIRED in CFMMINIMUM COMPRESSOR SIZE REQUIRED in CFM

Min. Uphole Velocity = 3,500 FPM CASING SIZES

ROD SIZE 114 mm

133 mm 5.5 in 5.5 in 7.0 in 7.0 in 8.625

in9.625

in9.625

in10.75

in10.75

in 11.75 in 12.75 in

Type OD x 0.500"

x 0.500"

x 0.365"

x 0.415"

x 0.453"

x 0.500"

x 0.500"

x 0.500"

x 0.545"

x 0.500"

x 0.750" x 0.534" x

0.750"2-3/8" IF (API Internal

Flush) 3.5 - 110 200 180 480 450 880 1190 1160 1580 1400 1940 2180

2 7/8" IF (API InternalFlush) 4.5 - - 50 30 320 300 720 1030 1000 1430 1250 1790 2030

3-1/2" IF (API InternalFlush) 4.5 - - 50 30 320 300 720 1030 1000 1430 1250 1790 2030

3-1/2" IF OS (APIInternal Flush) 5.5 - - - - 130 110 530 840 810 1240 1060 1600 1840

4" FH (API Full Hole) 5.5 - - - - 130 110 530 840 810 1240 1060 1600 1840

4-1/2" BECO 7 - - - - - - 170 480 460 880 700 1240 1480

6" BECO 8.625 - - - - - - - - - 390 210 760 1000

12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1212 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Lift ½ inch particle out of hole 70 to 80ft max

Uphold Velocity – Waterp yMINIMUM WATER VOLUME REQUIRED in GPM

Min. Uphole Velocity = 150 FPM CASING SIZESFPM

ROD SIZE 114 mm

133 mm 5.5 in 5.5 in 7.0 in 7.0 in 8.625 in9.625 in9.625 in10.75 in10.75 in 12.75 in 12.75 in

Type OD x 0.500"

x 0.500"

x 0.365"

x 0.415"

x 0.453"

x 0.500"

x 0.500"

x 0.500"

x 0.545"

x 0.500"

x 0.750" x 0.500" x

0.750"2-3/8" IF (API Internal

Flush) 3.5 - 40 70 60 160 150 290 390 380 510 450 780 700Flush)2 7/8" IF (API Internal

Flush) 4.5 - - 20 10 110 100 240 340 330 460 400 730 660

3-1/2" IF (API Internal Flush) 4.5 - - 20 10 110 100 240 340 330 460 400 730 660

3-1/2" IF OS (API 5 5 50 40 180 280 270 400 340 660 590Internal Flush) 5.5 - - - - 50 40 180 280 270 400 340 660 590

4" FH (API Full Hole) 5.5 - - - - 50 40 180 280 270 400 340 660 590

4-1/2" BECO 7 - - - - - - 60 160 150 290 230 550 480

6" BECO 8 625 - - - - - - - - - 130 70 390 3206 BECO 8.625 - - - - - - - - - 130 70 390 320

12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Typically use no more than 100 gpm

Lift ½ inch particle out of hole 70 to 80ft max

What should you be doing while internal drilling?drilling?

Drill bit leading by 1 – 3 inches.

Really controlling your fluids, whether it be air or waterit be air or water.

Cuttings not coming up the casing, too much water.

What do you think? What do you think?

Thank You!

CCONSTRUCTION & ONSTRUCTION & GGEOTECHNICAL EOTECHNICAL SSERVICESERVICES MORETRENCH.COMNNEW EW JJERSEY ERSEY ●● FFLORIDA LORIDA ●● NNEW EW YYORK ORK ●● MMASSACHUSETTS ASSACHUSETTS ●● PPENNSYLVANIA ENNSYLVANIA ●● DDELAWARE ELAWARE ●● WWASHINGTON, ASHINGTON, DCDC

Drilling Method: Principles of Selectiong p

The method selected must: Provide a stable hole of the required dimensions

and within stated tolerances

Be compatible with project access and environmental constraints, e.g., noise and , g ,vibration thresholds

Allow completion of each hole within a single dayAllow completion of each hole within a single day

Be compatible with spoils handling requirements

Consider presence of hazardous materials

Typical Overburden Cased Drilling Techniquesyp g q

Single-tube advancementg external flush (wash boring) drive drilling (lost point)g ( p )

Rotary duplex – Inner Rod Double head duplex Double head duplex Hollow Stem Augers Sonic Sonic Rotary percussive – Down-Hole-Hammer Rotary percussive Overburden Systems Rotary percussive-Overburden Systems

Water Flush Through Duplex Ejectorg p j

Diverter heads used most often nowDiverter heads used most often now

Rotary Percussive Duplexy p

Rotary Percussive Duplexy p

Overburden Drilling Systems - Concentricg y

High production drilling High-production drilling equipment

Overburden drilling tsystems

NUMA Superjaws Mitsubishi Super Maxbit

NUMA Superjaws

Other obstruction-tooling

Mitsubishi Super Maxbit

Initial Notes on Design-Special Toolingg p g

Equipment and Tooling Selection

ICTOLOY “CRUNCH” BITICTOLOY “CRUNCH” BIT

CARBIDE-BUTTON RING BIT

HARD FORMATION ROLLER BIT

Equipment and Tooling Selectionq p g

Manhattan Salt Storage Piersg

Manhattan Salt Storage Piersg

Bronx Piers

Bronx Piers