DRAT - studio-basel.com Indus Valley ... of the East India Company, the British Crown ... Charnock...
2
“Unlike a drop of water which loses its identity when it joins the ocean, man does not lose his being in the society in which he lives. Man's life is independent. He is born not for the development of the society alone, but for the development of his self.” 1984 riots between Hindus and fundamenta- list Sikhs. Hindu violence against Sikhs 1867 Sitalnath Jain Temple 1980 Svetambara Jain Temple 1942 INC decides the „Quit India“ resolution wich asks the Britain to leave immediatly Decline of Buddhism together with the disappering of Bhuddhist Kings Some Hindu rulers took military action to suppress Buddhism. However it was probably developments in Hinduism itself that helped the faith to grow Islam and Hinduism were in conflict because, although the mystical traditions of both religions had some common ground, Muslim rulers sought to conquer Hindu territories and, from the 17th century, to assert the superiority of Islam. Sikhism starts to exist, a form of Hinduism but initiated without caste. 1840 St. Thomas Roman Catholik Church 1849 St. Pauls Cathedral 1864 St. James Church 1772 Old Mission Church 1787 St. Johns Church 1724 The Armenian Church 1920s Nimtala Burning Ghat 1918 Hindu- Muslim clash 1918 Hindu- Muslim clash 1926 Hindu- Muslim clash Birla Mandir, not finished 1855 Dakshineswar Temple 1809 Kali Temple, Kalighat 1942 B.R.Ambedkar demandes for reservations for the scheduled castes in gov. services and education app. 2.5 Mio Hindu refugees from East- Bengal arrive in Kolkata 1858 Shiva Mandir religious tolerance under Mughal Emperor Akbar 1556-1605 leads to religious mixt-culture Trough the intense contact with hinduism caste similar systems begin to spread over Muslims. Trough contact with hinduism caste similar systems begin to spread amongst Christians. after defeating the sultans army, Timurid Babur foundes the mughal imperium Partition riots Muslims have to abscond due to proscuton. 500000 people die 1907 Foundation of All India Muslim League 1946 Big Hindu- Muslim riots in Calcutta. 4000 people die 100000 are left homeless 1992 Demolition of Babri Masjid in Ayhodia by Hindu-Hardliners. They claim that Babur the Mughal emperor destroyed there a Hindu-Temple 1926 Nakhoda Masjid 1935 Prince Ghulam Masjid 1947 Independency of India. Pakistan becomes a country on its own 1947 B.R Ambedkar gets chairman for drafting the Indian constitution 3300-1700 Indus Valley Civilisation by the Harrapan Culture Arian migration into the north-west of india Arian migration into the Ganges delta. Become new rulers, Introduction of caste system out of the hinduistic movment of the askets, new streams are appearing: the Buddhist and the Jains Myth and knowledge gets written down: The vedas 1950 constitution comes in force discrimination on the grounds of caste and religion gets prohibited, special clauses for advancement of scheduled castes and tribes 1980 Mandal Comission was founded to indentify the backward classes and estimates it to 52% of indian population, they recommend to increase the Quotas from 22% to 49.5% 1990 Madal comission recommentations get implemented in Governe- ment Jobs - nation wide protest 1998 Critique on Mandal Comission having estimated the Backward classes to high; quota remain. 2006 Reservations for OBC‘s in Central Governement Educational institutions 1972 3. War with Pakistan over Bangladesh 1984 Assassination of Indira Ghandi by two of her Sikh Bodyguards 1977 left wing parties win the election in West-Bengal. 1911 Dehli becomes the capital The Rise of Marathan Power weakens the Mughals. 1757 Battle of Plassey, the Britains become the new rulers 1858 Abolishment of the East India Company, the British Crown takes over India In the 18th and 19th centuries, missionaries from Europe attempted to convert Hindus to Christianity with varying degrees of success. Hindu Revivalism because of Christian Missionaries 1899 Belur Math Ramakrish- na Temple The Indian National Congress was founded % Affilation Population (Mio) 1905 Division of Bengal leads to riots 1909 partion of Indians in governement 1935 Government of India act: -more self ruling -reservation of seats for the „depressd classes“ 1690 Job Charnock founds Calcutta as base for the britisch East India Company 1526 -1707 Mughal empire 1340-1526 many small states incl. remnant of Sultanates jati caste subcaste gotra clan khodan lineage vansham kutumbh joint family familiy Marriage has to be inside jati Marriage has to be outside the clan jati: means birth, closed autonom group in society every caste has a rang in social hyrachy certain religious, social & economic rules: -social contacts are limited -Endogamie -Eating (Vegetarism,...& with whom) -choice of profession Kalighat Temple is an important religious place for the followers of Hinduism. As per the legends, the different body parts of Sati fell on the earth at the time of self-sacrifice. It is believed that the right toe of Sati fell here and subsequently; the temple was erected to commemorate the Goddess. Goddess Kalika is the presiding deity in the Kalighat Temple. Largest jatis in Kolkata Poundra s.c Namasudra s.c Chamar s.c Dhoba, Dhobi s.c Rajbanshi, s.c Jalia Kaibartta s.c Hari, Methar, s.c Bagdi, Duley, s.c Dom, Dhangad s.c Kaora s.c 50000 0 SIKHISM MONOTHEISTIC, ONE GOD FOR ALL RELIGIONS CHRISTIANITY MONOTHEISTIC, CENTERED ON THE LIFE OF JESUS OF NAZARETH HISTORY WORLD KOLKATA 20 MIO 15599 JAINISM WELFARE AND HEALTH OF EVERY BEING IN THE UNIVERSE, AND OF THE UNIVERSE ITSELF BUDDHISM PHILOSOPHY BASED ON BUDDHAS TEACHINGS ISLAM MONOTHEISTIC, TOTAL SURRENDER OF ONESELF TO GOD WORLD KOLKATA 4.2 MIO 20895 WORLD KOLKATA 350 MIO 6445 WORLD KOLKATA 1,2 BN 926769 HINDUISM POLYTHEISTIC, LIFE AND DEATH IN A ENDLESS CIRCLE (SAMSARA), FULLFILLING ETHIC AND RELGIOUS COMMITALS (DHARMA) TO GET REDEMTION (MOSHKA) WORLD KOLKATA 900 MIO 3552274 WORLD KOLKATA 2.1 BN 40218 2000 1000 0 500 1000 1500 1700 1600 1800 1900 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 CASTE - JATI Brahmins ( Priests) Kshatryas (warriors) Vaishyas (merchants) Shudras (craftmen, servants, workers) Untouchables(scheduled caste) CASTE - VARNA VARNA: means color in sanskrit. Acient classification of the society in four Groups and the Untouchables in the Rigveda period 1200-900 BC. The Varnas are not castes,it is just an umbrella term, essential nowaday‘s is the JATI. Aryan Non-Aryan 22.5 % 22.5 % 27 % 90% 4.5 reserved seats for scheduled castes and tribes in Government reserved seats for scheduled castes and tribes and other backward Classes POP. HINDUS MUSLIMS CHRISTS 77.86 % 0.88 % 20.27 % 0.14 0.46 % 0.34 % Religions by State in and around India 112 113 RELIGION AND CASTE IN KOLKATA _Luca Pestalozzi sources: books: Meyers Grosses Taschenlexikon 1998,B.I Taschenbuchverlag, Ravi Ahuja/Christiane Brosius (2006): Mumbai, Dehli Kolkata. Draupadi Verlag. Heidelberg; Dirk Bronger(1996): Indien, Grösste Demokratie der Welt zwischen Kastenwesen und Armut. Klett-Perthes. internet: www.bbc.co.uk/religion/, www.orf.at/religionen, http://web.cmc.net.in/ wbcensus, www.census.gov.in, www.censusindia.net, www.mapsofindia.com; Sriya Iyer (2002): Demography and Religion in India. Oxford University Press. RELIGION AND CASTE History of Indian Religions DRAFT © ETH Studio Basel
Transcript of DRAT - studio-basel.com Indus Valley ... of the East India Company, the British Crown ... Charnock...
“Unlike a drop of water which loses its identity when it joins the ocean, man does not lose his being in the society in which he lives. Man's life is independent. He is born not for the development of the society alone, but for the development of his self.”
1984
rio
ts b
etw
een
Hin
dus
and
fund
amen
ta-
list
Sik
hs.
Hin
du
viol
ence
aga
inst
S
ikhs
1867
Sita
lnat
h Ja
in T
emp
le
1980
Sve
tam
bar
a Ja
inTe
mp
le
1942
IN
C
dec
ides
th
e „Q
uit
Ind
ia“
reso
lutio
n w
ich
asks
th
e B
ritai
n to
le
ave
imm
edia
tly
Dec
line
of
Bud
dhi
sm
toge
ther
w
ith
the
dis
app
erin
g of
B
hud
dhi
st K
ings
Som
e H
ind
u ru
lers
to
ok
mili
tary
act
ion
to s
upp
ress
B
udd
hism
. H
owev
er it
was
p
rob
ably
dev
elop
men
ts i
n H
ind
uism
itse
lf th
at h
elp
ed
the
faith
to
grow
Isla
m a
nd H
ind
uism
wer
e in
co
nflic
t b
ecau
se,
alth
ough
th
e m
ystic
al
trad
ition
s of
bot
h re
ligio
ns
had
so
me
com
mon
gr
ound
, M
uslim
ru
lers
so
ught
to
conq
uer
Hin
du
terr
itorie
s an
d,
from
th
e 17
th c
entu
ry, t
o as
sert
the
sup
erio
rity
of Is
lam
.
Sik
hism
sta
rts
to e
xist
, a
form
of H
ind
uism
but
in
itiat
ed w
ithou
t ca
ste.
1840
St.
Tho
mas
Rom
anC
atho
lik C
hurc
h
1849
St.
Pau
ls C
athe
dra
l
1864
St.
Jam
es C
hurc
h
1772
Old
Mis
sion
Chu
rch
1787
St.
Joh
ns C
hurc
h
1724
The
Arm
enia
nC
hurc
h
1920
s N
imta
la B
urni
ng G
hat
1918
Hin
du-
Mus
lim c
lash
1918
Hin
du-
Mus
lim c
lash
1926
Hin
du-
Mus
lim c
lash
Birl
a M
and
ir, n
ot fi
nish
ed
1855
Dak
shin
esw
ar T
emp
le
1809
Kal
i Tem
ple
, Kal
igha
t
1942
B.R
.Am
bed
kar
dem
and
es fo
r re
serv
atio
ns fo
r th
e sc
hed
uled
cas
tes
in g
ov.
serv
ices
and
ed
ucat
ion
app
. 2.
5 M
io
Hin
du
refu
gee
s fr
om
Eas
t-B
eng
al
arri
ve
in
Ko
lkat
a
1858
Shi
va M
and
ir
relig
ious
to
lera
nce
und
er
Mug
hal
Em
per
or
Akb
ar
1556
-160
5 le
ads
to
relig
ious
m
ixt-
cultu
re
Trou
gh t
he in
tens
e co
ntac
t w
ith
hind
uism
cas
te s
imila
r sy
stem
s b
egin
to
spre
ad o
ver
Mus
lims.
Trou
gh
cont
act
with
hi
ndui
sm
cast
e si
mila
r sy
stem
s b
egin
to
spre
ad
amon
gst
Chr
istia
ns.
afte
r d
efea
ting
the
sulta
ns a
rmy,
Ti
mur
id
Bab
ur
foun
des
th
e m
ugha
l im
per
ium
Par
titi
on
rio
ts
Mus
lims
have
to
ab
sco
nd d
ue t
o
pro
scut
on.
50
0000
p
eop
le d
ie
1907
Fo
und
atio
n of
A
ll In
dia
M
uslim
Lea
gue
1946
Big
Hin
du-
Mus
lim r
iots
in
Cal
cutt
a.
4000
p
eop
le
die
10
0000
are
left
hom
eles
s
1992
Dem
oliti
on o
f Bab
ri M
asjid
in
Ayh
odia
by
Hin
du-
Har
dlin
ers.
Th
ey
clai
m
that
B
abur
th
e M
ugha
l em
per
or
des
troy
ed
ther
e a
Hin
du-
Tem
ple
1926
Nak
hod
a M
asjid
1935
Prin
ce G
hula
m M
asjid
1947
Ind
epen
den
cy o
f In
dia
. P
akis
tan
bec
om
es a
co
untr
y o
n it
s o
wn
1947
B
.R
Am
bed
kar
gets
ch
airm
an
for
dra
ftin
g th
e In
dia
n co
nstit
utio
n
3300
-170
0 In
dus
Va
lley
Civ
ilisa
tion
by
the
Har
rap
an
Cul
ture
Aria
n m
igra
tion
into
th
e
nort
h-w
est
of in
dia
Aria
n m
igra
tion
into
th
e G
ange
s d
elta
. B
ecom
e ne
w
rule
rs, I
ntro
duc
tio
n o
f ca
ste
syst
em
out o
f the
hin
dui
stic
mov
men
t of
the
aske
ts,
new
st
ream
s ar
e ap
pea
ring:
the
Bud
dhi
st a
nd t
he
Jain
s
Myt
h an
d
know
led
ge
gets
writ
ten
dow
n: T
he v
edas
1950
con
stitu
tion
com
es in
forc
e d
iscr
imin
atio
n on
the
gro
und
s of
ca
ste
and
rel
igio
n ge
ts
pro
hib
ited
, sp
ecia
l cla
uses
for
adva
ncem
ent
of s
ched
uled
ca
stes
and
trib
es
1980
Man
dal
Com
issi
on w
as
foun
ded
to
in
den
tify
the
bac
kwar
d
clas
ses
and
es
timat
es it
to
52%
of
ind
ian
pop
ulat
ion,
the
y re
com
men
d
to i
ncre
ase
the
Quo
tas
from
22
% t
o 49
.5%
1990
M
adal
co
mis
sion
re
com
men
tatio
ns
get
imp
lem
ente
d
in
Gov
erne
-m
ent
Job
s -
natio
n w
ide
pro
test
1998
C
ritiq
ue
on
Man
dal
C
omis
sion
hav
ing
estim
ated
th
e B
ackw
ard
cl
asse
s to
hi
gh; q
uota
rem
ain.
2006
Res
erva
tions
for
OB
C‘s
in
C
entr
al
Gov
erne
men
t E
duc
atio
nal i
nstit
utio
ns
1972
3. W
ar w
ith
Pak
ista
n o
ver
Ban
gla
des
h
1984
Ass
assi
natio
n of
Ind
ira
Gha
ndi b
y tw
o of
her
Sik
h B
odyg
uard
s
1977
left
win
g p
artie
s w
in t
he
elec
tion
in W
est-
Ben
gal.
1911
Deh
li b
ecom
es t
he c
apita
l
The
Ris
e of
Mar
atha
n P
ower
w
eake
ns t
he M
ugha
ls.
1757
Bat
tle o
f Pla
ssey
, the
B
ritai
ns b
ecom
e th
e ne
w r
uler
s
1858
Ab
olis
hmen
t of
the
Eas
t In
dia
Com
pan
y, t
he B
ritis
h C
row
n ta
kes
over
Ind
iaIn
th
e 18
th
and
19
th
cent
urie
s,
mis
sion
arie
s fr
om E
urop
e at
tem
pte
d t
o co
nver
t H
ind
us
to
Chr
istia
nity
w
ith
vary
ing
deg
rees
of s
ucce
ss.
Hin
du
Rev
ival
ism
bec
ause
of
Chr
istia
n M
issi
onar
ies
1899
Bel
ur M
ath
Ram
akris
h-na
Tem
ple
The
Ind
ian
Nat
iona
l Con
gres
s w
as fo
und
ed % A
ffila
tion
Pop
ulat
ion
(Mio
)
1905
Div
isio
n of
Ben
gal l
ead
s to
rio
ts
1909
par
tion
of In
dia
ns in
go
vern
emen
t
1935
Gov
ernm
ent
of In
dia
act
:-m
ore
self
rulin
g-r
eser
vatio
n of
sea
ts fo
r th
e „d
epre
ssd
cla
sses
“
1690
Job
Cha
rnoc
k fo
und
s C
alcu
tta
as b
ase
for
the
brit
isch
E
ast
Ind
ia C
omp
any
1526
-17
07M
ugha
l em
pire
1340
-152
6m
any
smal
l sta
tes
incl
. re
mna
nt o
f Sul
tana
tes
jati caste
subcaste
gotra clan
khodan lineagevansham
kutumbh joint family familiy
Marriage has to be inside jati
Marriage has to be outside the clan
jati: means birth, closed autonom group in societyevery caste has a rang in social hyrachy certain religious, social & economic rules: -social contacts are limited-Endogamie-Eating (Vegetarism,...& with whom)
-choice of profession
Kalighat Temple is an important religious place for the followers of Hinduism. As per the legends, the different body parts of Sati fell on the earth at the time of self-sacrifice. It is believed that the right toe of Sati fell here and subsequently; the temple was erected to commemorate the Goddess. Goddess Kalika is the presiding deity in the Kalighat Temple.
Largest jatis in Kolkata
Poundra s.cNamasudra s.c
Chamar s.c
Dhoba, Dhobi s.c
Rajbanshi, s.c
Jalia Kaibartta s.c
Hari, Methar, s.c
Bagdi, Duley, s.c
Dom, Dhangad s.c
Kaora s.c
500000
SIKHISM MONOTHEISTIC, ONE GOD FOR ALL RELIGIONS
CHRISTIANITYMONOTHEISTIC, CENTERED ON THE LIFE OF JESUS OF NAZARETH
HISTORY
WORLD KOLKATA20 MIO 15599
JAINISMWELFARE AND HEALTH OF EVERY BEING IN THE UNIVERSE, AND OF THE UNIVERSE ITSELF
BUDDHISMPHILOSOPHY BASED ON BUDDHAS TEACHINGS
ISLAMMONOTHEISTIC, TOTAL SURRENDER OF ONESELF TO GOD
WORLD KOLKATA4.2 MIO 20895
WORLD KOLKATA350 MIO 6445
WORLD KOLKATA1,2 BN 926769
HINDUISMPOLYTHEISTIC, LIFE AND DEATH IN A ENDLESS CIRCLE (SAMSARA), FULLFILLING ETHIC AND RELGIOUS COMMITALS (DHARMA) TO GET REDEMTION (MOSHKA)
WORLD KOLKATA900 MIO 3552274
WORLD KOLKATA2.1 BN 40218
2000 1000 0 500 1000 1500 17001600 1800 1900 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000
CASTE - JATI
Brahmins ( Priests)
Kshatryas (warriors)
Vaishyas (merchants)
Shudras (craftmen, servants, workers)
Untouchables(scheduled caste)
CASTE - VARNAVARNA: means color in sanskrit. Acient classification of the society in four Groups and the Untouchables in the Rigveda period 1200-900 BC. The Varnas are not castes,it is just an umbrella term, essential nowaday‘s is the JATI.
Aryan
Non-Aryan
22.5 %22.5 %
27 %
90%4.5
reserved seats for scheduled castes and tribes in Government
reserved seats for scheduled castes and tribes and other backward Classes
POP.
HINDUS
MUSLIMS
CHRISTS
77.86 %
0.88 %
20.27 % 0.14 0.46 % 0.34 %
Religions by State in and around India
112 113
RE
LIGIO
N A
ND
CA
ST
E IN
KO
LKATA
_Luca Pestalo
zzi
sources: books: Meyers Grosses Taschenlexikon 1998,B.I Taschenbuchverlag, Ravi Ahuja/Christiane Brosius (2006): Mumbai, Dehli Kolkata. Draupadi Verlag. Heidelberg; Dirk Bronger(1996): Indien, Grösste Demokratie der Welt zwischen Kastenwesen und Armut. Klett-Perthes. internet: www.bbc.co.uk/religion/, www.orf.at/religionen, http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus, www.census.gov.in, www.censusindia.net, www.mapsofindia.com; Sriya Iyer (2002): Demography and Religion in India. Oxford University Press.
RELIGION AND CASTEHistory of Indian Religions
DRAFT© ETH Studio Basel
PARESNATH JAIN TEMPLE
MAGHAN DAVID SYNAGOGUE
DIGAMBAR JAIN TEMPLE
HASTINGS CHAPELST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL
ST.JOHNS CHURCHARMENIAN CHURCH
ST. THOMAS CHURCH
MARTHOMA SYRAN CHURCHINDIAN CHURCH OF CHRIST
GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH
ST. GEORGES CATHEDRAL
OLD MISSION CHURCHBABTIST CHURCH
SACRED HEART CHURCH
ST. ANDREWS CHURCH
KALIGHAT
SIDDHESHWARI TEMPLE
SITOLA MONDIR
BIRLA MANDIR
SHREE LAXMINARYAN MANDIR
RAM THAKUR ASHRAM
SHITALA MANDIR
PATHBARI TEMPLE
BELUR MATH
DAKSHINEWAR TEMPLE
ADYPETH JUGAL MANDIR
SHIV TEMPLE
HANUMAN TEMPLE
BABA JANGALESHWAR MANDIR
KALI MANDIR
HARYANA VIDYA MANDIR
RAM SITA MANDIR
BHOOTNATH MANDIR
BHABATARINI MANDIRJORA SHIV MANDIR
SRI GHANESH MANDIRSRI SRI PUNTE KALI MANDIR
JABRESHWAR MANDIR
DASAMHABIDYA MANDIR
TALPUKUR KALI MANDIR
SHIPBUR BURNING GHAT
NIMTALA BURNING GHAT
KASHIMITRA BURNING GHAT
KEROTALA BURNING GHAT
BALLY BURNING GHAT
SHIVA MANDIR
SHITALA MANDIR
NEW TANGRA MASJIDALIMUDDIN MASJID
BEL MASJID
TIPPU SULTAN MASJID
DOTALLA MASJID
NASKHODA MASJID
KARBALA TANK MASJID
KACCHI MASJID
BEGUM MASJIDLAL MASJID
CAMAC MASJID
LICHU BAGAN MASJID
BARAJALA MASJID JAMHOORI MASJID
HAJI ELLIYASMASJID
CHAKRABERIA MASJID
AHIRIPUKUR MASJIDJAMA MASJID
BHAVAN CHOWDRY MASJID
NESAR MASJIDKUSTJA MASJID
Hindu Temples
Mosques
“Daily Temples”
Churches
114 115
RE
LIGIO
N A
ND
CA
ST
E IN
KO
LKATA
_Luca Pestalo
zzi
sources: internet: www.maps.google.com; www.catchcal.com; www.yellowpages.in; Books: Great Buildings of Kolkata
RELIGION AND CASTEPlaces of Worship in Kolkata
DRAFT© ETH Studio Basel
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