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Transcript of Drainspotters
A Drainspotters Guide to CheltenhamOllie Tigwell
History 1
Anatomy 2
Group 1 3Circular Covers
Application
Group 2 4TFL Covers
Application
Group 3 5C250 Covers
Application
Group 4 6100mm Double Triangular
ApplicationOther Designs150mm Double Triangular
ApplicationOther DesignsGrey Cast Covers
Application
Group 5 11E600 Covers
Application
Group 6 12F900 Covers
Application
Cheltenham - Battledown route 13
Cheltenham - Town centre route 39
Contents
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 1
From as early as 3500BC, slabs of stone or pieces of wood were used to cover the ditches that carried
waste. Several civilisations developed this further - for example, the Romans had a complex system of
waterworks - but sewerage system designs that are implemented today were not developed until the
18th Century. As time progressed, tunnels or tubes were used to dispose of waste in order to stop the
spread of infectious disease. As the population grew in locations with sewers, there became a need
to tie these systems together so that the waste could be removed more ef!ciently. These sewage lines
had a hole dug between the last points in each line in order to connect the two systems together. A
cover was then placed over the junction point. This junction served as a plumbing point in case the
sewer became clogged with debris and backed up. It was at some point during the 19th Century that
manhole covers started being made
of iron.
The word manhole was used in the past to describe particular areas on decks of sailing ships. These
manholes provided access to goods and stores in the hold and measured approximately a metre
long by a metre wide. An access hatch was constructed and placed over the top of the manhole to
ensure that nobody would gain a practical experience of the laws of gravity while standing directly
over the manhole.
Today these openings are known as companionways or hatches. Another odd titbit is that this space
is scarcely large enough for a single man to !t through.
History
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 2
Anatomy
Pedestrians & Cyclists Only
Areas imposing particularly high wheel loads ie aircraft runways etc.
Areas imposing high wheel loads ie docks, aircraft pavements
Carriageway of roads, hard shoulders, parking areas for all types of
road vehicles
General parking areas, goods vehicles, slow moving traf!c
Footways, pedestrian areas, car parks, car parking decks, private
driveways
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 3
Group 1
Light Duty Circular / Cast Iron Top With Plastic
Frame
ApplicationSuitable for light duty application areas
inaccessible to vehicles. Eg garden paths,
footpaths etc.
Circular Covers
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 4
TFL Ductile Cover & Frame
ApplicationFootways, pedestrian areas, car parks, car parking
decks, private driveways
TFL Covers
Group 2
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 5
Group 3
C250 Covers
C250 / Heavy duty triangular covers
ApplicationSuitable for heavy traf!c, eg goods yards,
ambulance stations etc, where slow moving traf!c
applies.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 6
Group 4
D400 Double Triangular 100mm deep
ApplicationFor use in carriageways, hard shoulders, parking
areas where heavy vehicular traf!c is expected.
100mm Double Triangular
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 7
Other Designs
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 8
Heavy Duty D400 Double Triangular 150mm deep
ApplicationCarriageway of roads, hard shoulders, parking areas
for all types of road vehicles.
150mm Double Triangular
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 9
Other Designs
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 10
Grey Cast Iron Heavy Duty Double Triangular Cover & Frame
ApplicationGrey iron is the tradtional material for road castings, it is economical,
heavy, stable, long lasting and has !rst class strength in comparison
with other materials
For use in carriageways, hard shoulders, parking areas where heavy
vehicular traf!c is expected.
Grey Cast Covers
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 11
E600 Heavy Duty Double Triangular
ApplicationExtra heavy loading for dock yards or any other high intensity loading
applications
Group 5
E600 Covers
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 12
F900 Heavy Duty Double
Triangular
ApplicationAreas imposing particularly high wheel loads ie aircraft runways etc.
Group 6
F900 Covers
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 13
Cheltenham - Battledown route
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 14
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 15
1 The !rst man-hole cover can be
found on the A46, just after Pittville
Street.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 16
2 The second can be found on the
crossroads intersecting Albion Street and
Fairview road.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 17
3 This next cover is situated on the
A46, near Sherbourne street.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 18
4 This next Man-hole cover is just after the one-
way street. It is next to Fairview road, near the
side of the road.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 19
5 This cover is next to the 4th man-hole. It’s very
worn, any text is invisible.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 20
6 Number 6 is about 10 feet down the road
adjacent to a left turn.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 21
7 This next man-hole cover is very worn it’s
just down from man-hole 6 before the
roundabout.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 22
8 Again clearly very worn but the text has
been deeply stamped into the metal. It’s just
off Brighton road.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 23
9 This man-hole is clearly well built into the
ground with a 100mm depth. It’s worn but
the text is still visible.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 24
10 This man-hole cover has an inset of
20mm, in which concrete has been
set in. This has covered the type and
consequently it is now invisible. This is
clearly a residential drain, the primary
use being sewage.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 25
11 A beautiful man-hole cover. This one can be
found about 30 feet before Jersey Avenue.
The text is in great condition as it is in the
subaurbs of the city rather than the centre.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 26
12 Tread carefully! This one is worn. It’s right over
the wheel line near 2 junctions. The text is
very worn. Shows how much damage more
frequent traf!c can do!
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 27
13 This cover has insets of 20mm. It is built
to hold concrete, as shown. This is so it
blends in with the road a bit better. It’s
situated just after Circus Road.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 28
14 This man-hole shows signs of weatering.
It is next to Whaddon Avenue. The text is
readabile but quite worn.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 29
15 As we move further and further out of the
city. The man-holes become increasingly
invisible. Pay particular attention to the text
in this one.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 30
16 This man-hole surprising is quite de!ned. The
text is by no means invisible. It can be found
on the crossroads on the B4075.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 31
17 Very de!ned, this cover has broken on the
top-right. The concrete has worn into the rest
of the cover. It has had a fair bit of use. But
no where near as much as previous covers.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 32
18 Again very similar to 17. This pattern on this
man-hole has worn in nicely, situated just
before Oakley Road.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 33
19 The pattern on number 19 is still well de!nied.
Shown by the shadows on this photograph. This
cover can be found right next to number 18.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 34
20 Furthur up the hill is this purplexingly worn man-
hole. The pattern that has been stamped onto it
has been weathered quite a lot. i don’t think this
is down to traf!c but rather rain and other nature
related causes. Watch out for these anomalies.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 35
21 This photograph shows a very old
looking man-hole cover. It obviously
hasn’t been replaced for a long
time and has sustained a lot of
weathering. Not consistent with
those of the city centre.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 36
22 Just after 21 is this cover. Shadowed
by trees. This one is still quite de!ned.
The road has not been looked after
well. But the cover itself is in good
condition.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 37
23 This exceedingly weathered cover has been
covered with concrete at one point. Evidently, this
has now worn off. This cover can be found just after
Oakley hill.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 38
24 Further up Harp Hill is the 24th on our route.
This man-hole has the same story to 23. It’s well
weathered with limited traf!c (shown by the
de!ned pattern).
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 39
Cheltenham - Town centre route
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 40
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 41
1 This well de!ned man-hole cover can be
found near the Hogs head. It’s still beautifully
intact as this photo shows.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 42
2 This dual square build man-hole cover is very
common along the high street. It is however
very worn, in a prime position for clubs and
heavy foot traf!c.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 43
3 Very close to man-hole 4. This triangular
man-hole has a beautiful pattern
stamped into it. Still de!nied with signs of
weathering around the proximity of the
cover.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 44
4 More worn than it’s previous. Man-hole 4 is
well detailed, signs of rust but generally in
good shape.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 45
5 This extremely weathered man-hole cover
is not in great shape. The detailed close-
up shows the worn lettering and broken
edges.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 46
6 Moving further up the high street, this man-
hole cover is in a densely populated area.
The chewing gum and excessive rust, due
to weathering is evident. Look out for this
well used cover!
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 47
7 Near to Cambray Place, this man-hole is
near many banks, situated on a pavement.
The lettering is by no means invisible.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 48
8 This man-hole cover de!nes invisible type. It
evidently has not been maintained, but serves
its purpose well.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 49
9 Before the comically named, Rodney Road.
Is this well pressed cover. The patternes
becoming invisible and any type long
removed.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 50
10 Just after Rodney Road is this cover.
Showing clear patterns and type but with
signs of weathering.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 51
11 A suprisingly unweathered man-hole.
Only the surrounding concrete suffers in
this cover. Can be found directly opposite
Beechwood Shopping centre.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 52
12 This exceptionally worn cover displays
evidence of a lot of foot traf!c. It can be
found just after Winchcombe Street.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 53
13 A mentioned previously, this style of man-
hole cover is very frequent in pedestrian
areas, it is quite worn as there is not a lot of
de!nition in the metal.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 54
14 This beautiful cover has really stood
the test of time, its worn pattern and
blend with surrounding concrete
show its use.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 55
15 This extremely weathered man-hole is is
dire need of replacement. Located next to
WHSmiths, it comes across a lot of foor traf!c.
The type not yet invisible in this cover.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 56
16 This set of 3 appear newer, they may have
been replaced not long ago. The whole
metal is still well de!ned. The surrounding
concrete looks fairly new.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 57
17 Found in one of the most dense areas of
the city. Manhole 14 offers surprisingly less
wear than a majority we have seen on our
travels but still rendering unreadable text
apart from the word ‘Pull.’
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 58
18 One of the least common man-holes
you will !nd. This cover offers worn but not
invisible type. The pattern still very visible.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 59
19 Just after one of the busiest zebra
crossings in Cheltenham, you will
!nd cover 19. Showing little signs of
weathering and barely any wear, this
man-hole must have been replaced
recently.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 60
20 This set of 3 can be found near Robert Dyas and
Primark. It shows great wear. The middle stamps
coming off and rendered unreadable.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 61
21 Nearing the end of our journey. This man-
hole is similar to 22. This cover however looks
very new. It blends very well with the street.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 62
22 Slightly more worn than 21. This cover is
showing wear on the corners but remains in
good shape altogether.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 63
23 This rather fancy looking man-hole is like
nothing seen in previous photographs. The
design is very different with a more formal
feel.
A Drainspotters Guide to Cheltenham
Page 64
24 Found close to the bus stops of Cheltenham. Our
last man-hole has a beautiful pattern. Not barely
worn or weathered it stands in full glory near
Tesco.
A Drainspotters Guide to CheltenhamOllie Tigwell