DRAFT Tinputz District Disaster Risk Management Plan · 2019-04-11 · Tinputz DDRM Plan iii...

DRAFT

Tinputz District

Disaster Risk Management Plan November 2014

District Disaster Risk Management Committee Tinputz District Autonomous Region of Bougainville Papua New Guinea

Tinputz DDRM Plan

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Foreword

Tinputz district is prone to a number of disasters, which includes flooding, tidal surge/king tide, earthquake, tsunami, landslide, drought and disease outbreak. Climate change is further aggravating the situation, as future disasters are likely to be more intense. The unplanned development and increase in population are other two key factors for increase in the disaster risk.

In order to manage the disaster risk, there is a need for systematic, long-term

and coordinated Disaster risk management (DRM) intervention. In order to meet

this challenge, a multi-stakeholder Tinputz District Disaster Risk Management

Committee (DDRMC) has been constituted, which is the apex body for DRM in

the district. The committee has developed this Disaster Risk Management Plan

in a wider consultative manner as DRM cut across sectors and thus everybody’s

business. This forward-looking plan with the goal ‘Resilient and happy lives,

safe livelihoods and infrastructure for sustainable development’ is

comprehensive and lucid and calls for partnership among all stakeholders. It is

important to implement this plan, in letter and spirit, for effective and

efficient DRM in the district.

I would like to thank all DRM stakeholders of Tinputz district including Disaster

risk management office of the ARoB for supporting this intervention. I would

like to express special gratitude to the United Nations Development Programme

(UNDP) and European Commission Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection

department (ECHO) for providing technical as well financial assistance for this

model plan, which will provide guidance to other districts.

Let’s work together to make Tinputz disaster free.

Mr. Blaise Vosivai Executive Manager Tinputz District, Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea

Tinputz DDRM Plan

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Tinputz District Disaster Risk Management Plan

Our Vision

Resilient and happy lives, safe livelihoods and infrastructure for sustainable development

Objectives

In order to achieve the Vision, the Tinputz District DRM plan has the following objectives: § To establish an effective and efficient disaster risk management

systems in Tinputz district at all levels § To set-up unified and coordinated multi-stakeholder district

disaster response systems with trigger mechanism including funding provision

§ To mainstream disaster and climate risk management into district development framework

§ To facilitate community based disaster risk management for resilient community

§ To provide special needs of vulnerable groups such as women, children, elderly and people with disability addressed in DRM processes and plans

Tinputz DDRM Plan

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Table of Contents

§ Foreword by Executive Manager ii

§ Vision and objectives iii

§ Table of Contents iv

§ List of abbreviations vi

1 District Profile 1-2 1.1 Geography and demography 1.2 Socio-economy including health and education 1.3 Administrative arrangements

1.4 Overview of Council of Elders and Village Assemblies 1.5 Housing and infrastructure 1.6 Climate

2 District Risk profile 3-5

2.1 Disaster history and its impact 2.2 Vulnerability profile 2.3 Climate change projections 2.4 Risk profile and hotspots

3 Institutional arrangements for DRM in Tinputz District 6-8 3.1 District DRM Committee 3.2 Roles and responsibilities of DRM Committee 3.3 Linkages and co-ordination 4 Early warning, response and recovery mechanism 9-14

4.1 End to end Early warning system 4.2 Disaster response and coordination 4.3 Roles and responsibilities of agencies 4.4 Accident/Disaster reporting 4.5 Damage and loss assessment 4.6 Relief distribution 4.7 Recovery and reconstruction

5. Mitigation and Preparedness measures 15-18 5.1 Disaster risk management considerations into development 5.2 Awareness generation on Do’s & Don’t of disasters 5.3 Community based Disaster Management 5.4 School safety 5.5 Procurement of equipment and construction of facilities for

response 5.6 Creation of emergency response team 5.7 Disaster risk management plan of agencies

6 Funding mechanism & monitoring 19-20

6.1 Key funding mechanism for DRM 6.2 Monitoring and evaluation of DRM

Tinputz DDRM Plan

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Annexure 21-28 I. Format of Disaster /accident reporting II. Important contact details of National and Regional levels III. Important contact details of CoEs and Village Assemblies IV. List of disaster response equipment and contact V. List of Partners (UN Agencies, INGOs, NGOs, Private sector, etc] VI. Map of Tinputz district VII. Definitions and Terms

Tinputz DDRM Plan

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List of Abbreviations

ARoB : Autonomous Region of Bougainville

CoE : Council of Elders

DDRMC : District Disaster Risk Management Committee

DEOC : District Emergency Operation Centre

DRM : Disaster Risk Management

NGO : Non-Governmental Organization

INGO : International Non-Governmental Organization

IPCC : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ISDR : International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

PNG : Papua New Guinea

UN : United Nations

UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change

UNDP : United Nations Development Programme

VA : Village Assembly

1. District Profile Tinputz is one of the 13 districts of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARoB). It is prone to a number of hazards including flash floods, riverine floods, earthquake, tsunami, drought, landslide, tidal surge/king tide and strong winds. The increasing population and sea level rise is further aggravating the existing risk and district has already witnessed the impact of climate change. Some of the inhabitants of the Carteret atoll have been relocated to the Tinputz district, which is considered to be the world’s first climate change refugee.

1.1 Geography and demography The Tinputz district is located on the eastern coast of northern Bougainville main island. The district shares the common boundary with Wakunai, Selau/Suir districts and is bounded by Pitpit river in the south and Ramzon river in the north. The total population of the district is 16,140 as per the 2010 listing exercise. The life expectancy is 60 years. 1.2 Socio-economy The agriculture sector employs more than 99 percent of the rural populace of Tinputz district. People especially women depends heavily on agriculture to make ends meet. Agriculture outputs are mostly used to daily consumption and a little surplus is slow in the local market. It has one health centre, one-sub-health centre and 8 aid posts. The health service providers are static and mobile. The infant mortality and maternal mortality rate is 70 and 5 per 1000 respectively. District has 29 elementary schools access rate stands at 80 percent at primary as well as elementary levels. The school infrastructure is poor. District has one Technical Institute, which is first in the region. 1.3 Administrative arrangements The Executive Manager is the administrative head of the district and officers of line agencies such as education, health, police and planning are located in the district. The Chairman of the Council of Elders is political head of the Council of Elders while heads the Village Assemblies, the lowest level of political unit. The district administration is responsible for overseeing public services and provides basic services and extension services in the district. It is also responsible for developing plans and provide advice and support to the Council of Elders.

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 2 -

1.4 Overview of Council of Elders and Village Assemblies District is divided into two Council of Elders (CoE) and the two CoEs are further divided into 25 Village Assemblies The Taonita-Tinputz CoE is in the north east while Taonita Teop CoE is in the south east of the district. . Name of Council of Elders Number of Village Assemblies Total population 1. Taonita Tinputz 13 8403 2. Taonita Teop 12 7,737

The CoE members are elected for five year terms by the Village Assemblies. The Chairman of the CoE is elected in the CoE by its elected members.

1.5 Housing and other infrastructure Housing: Most of the houses are single or double storey made of light wooden materials. Roads and bridges: The district is connected by a highway, which runs parallel to the eastern coast from north to south of Bougainville main-island. There are 43 bridges and culverts and they are in good condition. Airport: District has no airstrip and the nearest operational airport is in Buka, which is an hour drive by road. Wharves and Jetties: District has one jetty and one barge ramp and both are in poor condition. Communication: District has good mobile network connectivity of the Digicel network.

1.6 Climate The district ahs two seasonal calendar namely wet season and dry season. The wet season is September to March and it is caused by the South-Easterly winds while the dry season is from April to August. However, there has been change in weather pattern in recent times and it has become irregular.


2. District Risk Profile 2.1 Disaster history and its impact The Tinputz district is prone to floods, lash floods, drought, earthquake, tsunami, strong winds, king tide/high tide and landslide. Though there is a need for systematic compilation of disaster and its impact however some of the recent disasters have been captured in the below table: Year Disaster Impact 1997 Drought/

Bush Fire Damage to crop and forest, Livelihoods of community impacted, Shortage of water

2000 King tide/Sea swell Displacement of community, number of people and also led to some cases of looting.

2003 Tidal wave/ King tide Displacement of community; Loss of property, (one week flooding); Health issues. Occurred in November.

2008 King tide/Sea swell Community displaced, vegetable garden destroyed 2010 Floods Prolong heavy rain resulted in heavy flooding and

increase in salinity in Kaskurus and Inus 2011 Floods Prolong heavy rain resulted in heavy flooding and

landslide in Kaskurus, Iaun, Teagua, Game, Topo Hoakope

2012 Strong winds Houses blown away, Cash crop destroyed 2013 King tide/Sea swell In September: Water logging, Increase in salinity 2013 Floods Food gardens washed away, Bridges destroyed and

led to landslide 2013 Landslide Rain triggered landslide led to loss of properties 2014 King tide/Sea swell Salinity increased, vegetable garden affected 2014 Floods Affected areas include Ramazon, Saba, Inus,

Yokomori and Iaun. It led to some disease outbreak, loss of ecosystem, destruction of vegetable garden and infrastructure

2.2 Vulnerability profile • Food insecurity: Most of the families depend on food garden and in case it is

destroyed by flood/flash flood or King/high tide or any other disaster, families are highly vulnerable as there is almost no food storage.

• Community on hill slopes: In Tinputz district, some of the community are located on the hill slopes and hills and these communities are highly vulnerable to landslides during monsoon.

• Limited access: Many communities are located in the interiors and have no access to wide roads. These communities are highly vulnerable as speedy emergency evacuation is very difficult.


• Coastal community: A number of communities are located in the low-lying coastal areas and theses communities are highly vulnerable to king/high tides and strong winds, which is a frequent phenomenon.

• Housing in flood zone: A number of families have constricted their houses in the flood zone as these areas have high fertility as well as access to water for agriculture. In case of floods and flash floods, houses are affected.

• Limited response capacity: District as well as neighbouring areas have very limited capacity in terms of emergency evacuation, warning dissemination equipment, search and rescue and emergency health services. This vulnerability can aggravate small disaster.

• El Nino/La Nina: The climate of PNG varies considerably from year to year due to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. The El Nino year is drier than normal while La Nina year is wetter. Also in El Nino year, the monsoon season also starts later.

2.3 Climate change projections The Tinputz district has already witnessed the impact of climate change as some of the people of Carteret atoll have been relocated to the district. There is no Tinputz of Bougainville specific information on climate change however PNG specific studies provide some guidance and projections for PNG1 are as follows: • Under a high emission scenario, the increase in temperature is projected to be

in the range of 0.4O -1.0O C by 2030 while in the range of 2.2O-3.4O C by 2090. • Number of hot days and warm nights will increase • Average and seasonal rainfall is projected to increase during the 21st century • The drought projections are inconsistent • Less frequent but more intense cyclones • Under a high emission scenario, the sea level rise is projected to be in the

range of 4-15 cm by 2030 while in the range of 22-60 cm by 2090. • Acidity level of the sea-water in the PNG region will continue to rise over the

21st century, which will impact health of reef ecosystem.

2.4 Risk profile and hotspots Based on past experiences and literature review the following hotspots with likely impact have been identified:

Hazard Hotspots Likely impact Probable months Earthquake Whole district • Human lives lost

• Houses, hospital, school and other infrastructure damaged

• Law and order

Any time

1


• Can trigger landslide or tsunami

Tsunami Coastal areas of district and island communities (Teop islands)

• Human lives lost • Damage to coastal ecosystem • Houses, hospital, school and

other infrastructure damaged • Law and order

Any time

Strong wind Whole district • Houses blown away • Cash crop destroyed

April

Drought Whole district • Water shortage • Crop destroyed • Soil fertility reduced

September-November

King tide/Sea swell

Deos, Teop, Ininvus, Iaun, Irue Kovanis, Iris coastal, Tinputz station

• Water logging • Increase in salinity • Crop destroyed • Houses damaged • Law and order • Crocodile attacks

October-January

Flood/ Flash floods

Areas along river including Iokomori, Waropa and Kosinamohina,

• Crop destroyed • Houses damaged • Vector water borne diseases, • Heavy soil erosion

December-April

Landslide Hilly areas of district

• Human lives lost • Crop destroyed • Houses damaged

June-July

Public health emergency

Whole district • Human live lost • Livestock lost

Any time


3. Institutional arrangements for DRM in Tinputz District

3.1 District Disaster Risk Management Committee The Tinputz District Disaster Management Committee (DDRMC) is the nodal agency for

disaster risk management including disaster response in district. The Executive

Manager will be coordinator during disaster response. The committee consists of the

following six members and one co-opted member:

I. Executive Manager (EM) : Chair

II. Technical/Services Representative : Member

III. Chairman, CoE 1 : Member

IV. Chairman, CoE 2 : Member

V. Tinputz Women’s Representative : Member

VI. Church Representative : Member

VII. NGO Representative : Co-opted Member

The Tinputz DDRMC meeting will be held quarterly in the 2nd week (preferably on

Thursday) of the 3rd month. The Chair will organize the extra ordinary meeting in the

case of emergency. In case of unavailability of the EM, the Quorum will nominate the

chair for the meeting. The quorum of meeting is 5. In the first meeting, the DDRMC

will nominate alternate representative for each member in absence of the committee

members. The key discussion and agreed actions of each meeting of the DDRMC will be

documented through meeting minutes.

3.2 Roles and responsibilities of the DDRMC • Assess disaster and emergency situations: On receipt of early warning or

immediately after disaster, the Tinputz DDRMC emergency meeting will be

convened and it will activate the disaster response. It will periodically brief the

regional government and other stakeholders on the current situation.

• Coordinate disaster response, relief and rehabilitation: It will coordinate

disaster response, relief and rehabilitation with other agencies including

development partners. The DDRMC will provide relief supplies, food, shelter,

water, clothing and other essential services to the affected people. It will also

coordinate rapid and detailed damage assessment and report to the regional

government. DDRMC will also co-ordinate the rehabilitation activities.

• Coordination with other departments and development partners: It will

coordinate with regional departments, district level departments/divisions,


COEs, private sector, development partners and community for disaster

response, recovery, preparedness and mitigation. It will also coordinate with

the line departments for DRM considerations into department’s development

activities.

• DRM Planning and mobilise resources: It will prepare annual DRM programme

for district and submit to the regional government for budget allocation. It will

also coordinate with line departments for allocation of resources for DRM in

department’s budget. DDRMC will also explore funding opportunities with

development partners and other sources for DRM.

• Development/review of disaster risk management plans: DDRMC will develop

and periodically update the DDRMP. It will also coordinate with sectors such as

health, education, etc to prepare and implement its disaster risk management

plan. It will conduct mock drills or table-top excises to check preparedness and

improve the plan.

• Facilitate and implement preparedness and mitigation activities: It will

facilitate the implementation of disaster preparedness and mitigation activities

including school safety and hospital emergency preparedness. It will implement

some of the disaster preparedness and mitigation activities such as awareness

campaign on do’s and don’t of disaster.

• Draft and share annual DRM Report: It will prepare annual report on status of

DRM in the district including implementation of the annual DRM programme and

submit to the regional government.

3.3 Linkages and coordination The DDRMC will be the nerve centre for disaster risk management including disaster

response and it will coordinate with all stakeholders. The figure 1 captures its linkage

with other stakeholders:


Figure 1 Tinputz DDRMC Linkages

Tinputz District DRMC/DEOC

AROB Disaster Risk

Management Committee

DRMC

NDC/Early Warning/Technical

Agencies at National level

District level

line agencies

Development

Partners

Council of Elders

Village Assemblies


4. Early warning, response and recovery mechanism 4.1 End to end Early warning system An end-to-end early warning system has been effective in saving precious lives and reducing losses and Tinputz DDRMC is the nodal agency for warning dissemination in the district. On receipt of the warning, DDRMC will • Convene DDRMC meeting and determine the most appropriate action in line

with the DDRM Plan. • Activate the District Emergency Operation Center (DEOC), which will act as

nerve centre for disaster response. The DEOC will periodically update the AROB.

• DEOC should disseminate warning to concerned CoEs and other concerned stakeholders and community. Warning will also be disseminated to community level trained volunteers for dissemination of early warning. Radio, Television, Public Address System, Mobile and landline telephone, VHF/HF radio, internet, fire truck and police car siren, church and school bells, community briefing, notices, network of UN Agencies/NGOs, etc can be used for dissemination of early warning.

• The content of the warning should include the following: o Type of hazard o Probable areas to be impacted o Likely time of impact of hazard/disaster o Likely impact of hazard/disaster o Actions to be taken by stakeholders including community after receipt of

warning o Contact details for additional information/clarification

• DDRMC should plan and facilitate evacuation and make all arrangements for evacuees as per the need. The warning dissemination and evacuation should take care of the special needs of women, children, aged and people with disability.

For technical information related to hazard, the following can be contacted.

Hazard specific technical agency at national level Hazard Lead Agency Fire Fire Service Disease outbreak Department of Health Marine accident National Maritime Safety Authority Oil and Toxic Chemical Spills National Maritime Safety Authority King tide/Sea swell PNG National Weather Service Drought PNG National Weather Service Tsunami Port Moresby Geophysical Observatory


Flooding Department of Environment and Conservation Landslide Department of Mining Volcanic eruption Rabaul Volcano Observatory Cyclone PNG National Weather Service

4.2 Disaster response and coordination The Executive Manager or any other officer designated by the DDRMC or any other competent authority will be the Incident Commander (IC). The Incident Commander will decide to set-up a temporary operations centre in proximity of the disaster site for effective coordination and quick response. The number of such centres may be more than one, if needed and it will be wounded up once the rescue and relief operation is over. All agencies involved in the response and relief operation must operate under the command of Incident Commander. The DDRMC members will provide support to the Incident Commander. The IC is overall in-charge of the response and has to discharge the following duties • Establish the immediate priorities in consultation with DDRMC • Approve the implementation of response plan. • Ensure that adequate safety measures are in place. • Coordinate with key people and officials. • Approve requests for the release of resources. • Keep agency administrator informed of incident status. • Periodic release of information to media. • Order the demobilization of the incident in consultation with DDRMC 4.3 Roles and Responsibilities of Agencies District Disaster Risk Management Committee, Tinputz • Overall in-charge of evacuation, disaster response and rehabilitation • Meeting of the DDRMC immediately after disaster or on receipt of early

warning. • Periodic updates to AROB on warning dissemination, evacuation and response • Coordination with line agencies and development partners for evacuation,

disaster response, relief and rehabilitation • Conduct/assign a multi-sectoral damage and need assessment team and finalize

the damage and need report • Periodic briefing to media on disaster and response situation • Shift people in identified temporary safe shelter • Direct available resources for evacuation and response • Coordinate with AROB, development partners, private sector, etc • Requesting Regional Government assistance if the disaster response is beyond

the capacity of the district disaster risk management Commission


• Support in coordinating the response activities of non-governmental organizations

• Facilitate establishment of Trust Fund • Share DRM Plan with targeted communities Department of Police and Corrections • Maintain law and order in affected area including evacuation centres and

evacuated areas • Collect and update number of casualties and injured • Focus on vulnerable groups such as women, children, aged and people with

disability • Shift injured people • Facilitating the availability of vehicles for transportation of resources and

communities Department of Community Development • Preliminary survey and analysis of the damaged community structures • Temporary restoration of services • Technical assessment and cost estimation for reconstructing community assets • Engagement of affected community in temporary employment for restoration

of services • Special care for income generation of single women, aged, people with

disability, etc

Department of Health • Deployment of emergency search and rescue team to the disaster hit area

equipped with ambulances and medicine. • Store tents and medical kits in places close to the disaster hit area. • Save live and treatment of ill and wounded • Preventing the spread of disease in the disaster hit area without any

discrimination • Dispatch technical personnel to the disaster hit area. • Technical assessment of the condition of health infrastructure and needs • Prioritize seriously wounded and ill and transport them to hospitals

Department of Education • Allow school to be used as temporary shelters and relief distribution centre • Technical assessment of the condition of school infrastructure and needs • Reopen schools at the earliest and if permanent structure is not fit for re-use,

temporary structure including tents can be used • Coordinate with Department of Health for trauma counselling for students


• Identification of the needs of the students and teachers and special attention for students with disability

• Students, teachers and volunteers assist in search, rescue and transfer Department of Lands, Physical Planning, Environment and Conservation • Keep the construction workers and other equipment in ready state for the

protection and maintenance of establishments • Undertake immediate assessment of damaged structures • Clear roads and collecting information about the secure roads. • Cooperate with the teams of search and rescue operations for secure roads • Providing shelter to the victims • Detailed technical survey for the measure of damages incurred to the public

establishments. • Building of temporary facilities including provision of drinking water • Facilitating the availability of vehicles for transportation of resources and

communities

Department of Primary Industries • Assistance in rescue operations by shifting livestock to safer places • Burial and removal of dead livestock • Preliminary survey of damaged industry, agriculture and livelihoods • Coordinate with Department of Community Development for temporary

employment of the affected workers • Restart of shops, market and industries at the earliest • Technically evaluating the condition of agriculture infrastructure, forests,

pasture and water resources (drinking water and irrigating water), industries • Coordinate with the Department of Treasury and Finance for availability of

financial assistance to affected businessmen Department of Mineral Resources and Energy • Dissemination of early warning especially to the people working in mining • Evacuation of people from mining sites, if needed • Plan back-up energy services in aftermath of disaster • Assist in evacuation to nearby community • Assessment of damages and need • Restart the mining and energy services at the earliest Department of Commerce and Tourism • Dissemination of early warning especially at tourist locations • Evacuation of tourists, if needed • Assessment of damages and need to commerce and tourism • Clearance of debris from tourism location and restart at the earliest


• Coordinate with Department of Treasury and Finance for availability of financial assistance to affected tourism sector

Department of Technical Services • Assessment of damages and losses and identify needs • Assist in preparing rehabilitation plan for infrastructures and services

Department of Treasury and Finance • Assessment of damages and losses and identify needs and cost estimation • Availability of resources for response and rehabilitation Development Partners • Volunteers shall be in alert state after receipt of warning • Surveying affected areas and transfer aid from the non-affected branches to

the affected areas. • Assist DDRMC in identifying casualties and damages and analysing requirements. • Assist in dissemination of early warning • Facilitate relief distribution • Mobilizing the existing food and non food items to the disaster hit areas • Assisting in search and rescue operations • Cooperation with the DDRMC on coordination, preparation of report, etc

4.4 Disaster/accident reporting The Disaster/accident reporting is important as response can be better planned. In the event of early warning or disaster, it should be first reported to the DEOC/DDRMC. The DEOC will regularly update the information about accident/disaster to the following: • Emergency Operation Centre, AROB • Director, National Disaster Center • Executive Manager, Tinputz • Concerned Departments at Tinputz • Executive Managers of concerned districts • Concerned CoEs • Representative of civil society in DDRMC It is important to document and develop a database of reporting during any disaster as it would be of immense help in future disaster risk management planning. The indicative reporting format is at Annex I. 4.5 Damage and loss assessment

The preliminary damage and loss assessment in the event of any disaster should be done at the earliest after the disaster. It should identify geographical areas affected by disasters, sectors affected, interventions required, etc. The format for rapid


damage assessment shall be provided by NDC/AROB/DDRMC. The rapid damage assessment should be followed by detailed damage assessment. This assessment should be done sector-wise i.e. damage to health, education, government building, roads and bridges, agriculture, industry, forestry, mines, etc. This will help in reconstruction and rehabilitation programmes for recovery affected sectors. The damage and loss assessment report shall be finalized by the DDRMC.

4.6 Relief distribution and Coordination The distribution of relief in post-disaster phase requires immaculate planning and execution. The relief distribution shall be just, fair and equitable without nay bias, however, special focus shall be given to aged, women especially pregnant and lactating, people with disability and children. The Executive Manager will be the overall in-charge of relief distribution and person assigned shall supervise the distribution of relief within the district. He will maintain record of people living in relief shelter along with the distribution of relief materials. After closure of relief camp, the camp in-charge should a report to the DDRMC/Executive Manager. The relief distribution shall be undertaken as per the NDC/AROB instructions/guideline. In case of any additional requirement, the NDC/AROB shall be informed immediately. The local NGOs shall be involved in relief distribution. The pre-identified safe shelter shall be provided security by police.

4.7 Recovery and reconstruction The recovery and reconstruction phase starts after the rescue, relief and rehabilitation. This phase aims to restore the physical, social and environmental normalcy, which were affected due to disaster. It can also be used as an opportunity to reduce disaster risk. During future recovery and reconstruction programme, DDRMC should ensure the following: • Build back better principle i.e. reconstruct with disaster risk reduction features

so that in future disasters, reconstructed structures are not affected. • Participation of community and civil society in recovery and reconstruction will

ensure that assets reconstructed are accepted by the community and hence sustainability.

• Apart from physical reconstruction, it is important to take care of the psycho-socio needs of the affected people as these are sometimes not visible.

• During reconstruction, displacement should be avoided and in case displacement is only viable solution, then support facilities including livelihoods shall be ensured for displaced people.

• The recovery and reconstruction programmes generally create high-level of expectation, hence it is important to keep the stakeholders informed so that unrealistic expectation is avoided.


5. Mitigation and Preparedness measures

5.1 Disaster risk management considerations into development The linkages between disaster and development have been well established and DRM is an important consideration for sustainable development. It is important that the developmental programmes and projects undertaken by departments through annual budget or impact project should consider DRM issues. The DDRMC will coordinate with line departments especially during preparation of annual budget for DRM considerations into annual budget of the departments. Some of the key interventions include multi-hazard construction of health facilities, schools and public buildings, flood and landslide considerations while constructing roads, drought and salinity considerations in agriculture planning, etc. The DDRMC shall coordinate with the Department of Treasury and Finance to ensure that projects submitted by line departments are also scrutinized from DRM angle. The Department for Technical Services will provide technical assistance on design of multi-hazard resistant structures. The DDRMC shall facilitate with private companies or individuals to ensure DRM considerations in private development.

5.2 Awareness generation on Do’s & Don’t of disasters Some basic Do’s and Don’ts related to disasters is very useful for reducing loss of lives and properties. Hence, to disseminate Do’s and Don’ts related to different disasters, DDRMC shall undertake mass awareness activities through various means. The Do’s and Don’ts produced by the NDC will be replicated and widely shared. Some of the medium for mass awareness shall include: • Do’s and Don’ts banner/board related to different disasters at public place. • Use of local songs to disseminate disaster risk management theme • Short plays covering Do’s and Don’ts of different disasters shall be developed

and plays shall be organized at community level • Pamphlets, leaflets, etc shall be distributed • Printing of maps for sharing • Develop short film and documentaries on Do’s and Don’ts of disasters • District Programme called ‘Partners/Stakeholders’ to be used

5.3 Community based disaster risk management It is important to empower to community to systematically respond to disasters, as it is very difficult to meet the needs of all affected community by the DDRMC alone. In each community, a Disaster Risk Management Committee shall be established and some volunteers will be trained on basic Search and rescue, First-aid, Early warning dissemination, Evacuation, etc. Also, community shall prepare its Disaster risk management plan.


The inventory of these committee and volunteers shall be maintained at DDRMC so that in case of disaster they can be reached and utilized. Also, the community development project shall be fund priorities identified in the community DRM plan. In Tinputz, this initiative has been taken in 5 the selected community and it shall be sustained as well up-scaled to reach other communities.

5.4 School Safety Safe schools are very important as schools are also used for social gathering, temporary relief centres in the event of any disaster apart from the primary purpose of teaching. The school safety shall look into the safety of the structure as well as preparedness among the students and teachers. DRRMC along with Education Department shall conduct awareness programmes on Do’s and Don’ts related to disasters in each school. Also, each school shall prepare its disaster risk management plan and practice it. Some of teachers and students shall be trained on basic search and rescue and first aid. In medium-term, all vulnerable school buildings shall be strengthened and converted into multi-hazard resistant structures.

5.5 Procurement of equipment and construction of facilities for response DDRMC shall have 1-2 kits of emergency rescue equipment over 3 -5 years and, hence it shall develop a list of search and rescue equipment and procure it through annual budget, impact projects budget and external assisted projects.. The equipment shall be properly maintained and regularly used for ensuring its readiness. The indicative emergency rescue kit include Gas cutter, Tent, Bolt cutter, Life jacket, Life buoys, Nylon ropes, Hammer, Hand saw, Torch, Nose Mask, Emergency light, First-aid kit, Portable Generator, Public Address System, Fire extinguisher, Folding stretcher and Rubber Inflatable boats. The equipment shall be deployed at DDRMC and the emergency response teams shall use it. The mock drill shall be organized to check preparedness of all stakeholders including the status of equipment.

5.6 Creation of an emergency response team It is important to create an Emergency Response Team at district level, which shall include government staff (health, police, civil engineer, etc) and volunteers. The team should be able to provide first-aid, conduct basic search and rescue, assess the damage to structure, etc. The team shall act as a surge team i.e. assemble and conduct operation, when required and then disburse. The team shall use the Emergency Response Kit.

5.7 Disaster Risk Management Plan of line agencies Disaster risk management is everybody’s business as it is a cross cutting issue, hence each department shall prepare its Disaster Risk Management Plan, which include


response, preparedness and mitigation issues. The key response measures for department have been mentioned in chapter 4.3. Key preparedness and mitigation measures are as follows:

District Disaster Risk Management Committee, Tinputz • Coordinate with line departments for preparation of DRM Plan of departments • Coordinate with line departments for mainstreaming DRM into annual budget

and development plan and impact projects • Ensure implementation of DRM Plan of Tinputz district • Procure and maintain emergency response kit • Ensure Community level disaster risk management plan is prepared and

implemented. • Undertake public awareness programme on different disaster • Create a Emergency response team • Create facilities for activating District Emergency Operation Centre • Draft an annual report on disaster risk management status in district Department of Police and Corrections • Prepare Disaster Risk Management Plan of department including law and order • Arranging an operational program for disaster response by the request of

disaster management Commission during the disaster. • Training on search and rescue • Appointing personnel for coordination with DDRMC Department of Community Development • Identify focal point from department from department for DRM • Ensure all future community development projects have DRM elements • Conduct training on multi-hazard resistant construction for masons and

carpenters • Create mass awareness on Do’s and Don’ts related disasters at community level Department of Health § Identify focal point for DRM from department to liaise with DDRMC § Develop Health Disaster Risk Management plan of district § Conduct training on emergency health, first-aid, etc § Store medical kits for emergency response § Create mass awareness on Do’s and Don’ts related to disaster Department of Education § Identify focal point for DRM to liaise with DDRMC § Coordinate and monitor schools to prepare DRM Plan


§ Technical assessment of the condition of school infrastructure in terms of disasters

§ Prepare DRM plans of department § Establish disasters in education policy in schools Department of Lands, Physical Planning, Environment and Conservation • Identify focal point for DRM to liaise with DDRMC • Conduct training on multi-hazard construction for masons and carpenters • Support DDRMC in identifying hazard zones and development shall be avoided

in hazard zone • Plantation of mangrove in coastal areas Department of Primary Industries • Identify focal point for DRM to liaise with DDRMC • Promote drought and salinity resistant crops. Also promote inter-cropping

pattern for risk sharing • Coordinate with industries to prepare its DRM Plan Department of Mineral Resources and Energy • Identify focal point for DRM to liaise with DDRMC • Prepare DRM Plan of the department • Prepare back-up plan power in case of emergencies • Evacuation plan for miners in case of emergency Department of Commerce and Tourism • Identify focal point for DRM to liaise with DDRMC • Coordinate with tourism industry for disaster preparedness • Ensure tourism infrastructure are multi-hazard resistant Department of Technical Services • Assist departments on multi-hazard resistant construction • Develop basic do’s and don’ts on multi-hazard construction

Department of Treasury and Finance • Ensure sufficient budget for DRM activities Development Partners

§ Support line agencies in undertaking DRM activities § Assist in revision of the DRM Plan of Tinputz district § Support in procurement and storage of emergency equipment § Conduct capacity building programmes on DRM


6. Funding mechanism and Monitoring

6.1 Key funding mechanism for DRM The development planning and budget is under transition in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, which provides a window of opportunity for creating a mechanism for funding DRM activities. The following funding sources have been identified:

• Annual budget of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville DRM has been prioritised at national as well as regional level and in order to implement the DRM activities, a budget line for disaster response, preparedness and mitigation should be created in the annual budget of the AROB. This annual allocation should be allocated at regional as well as district level based on the needs and projects identified by the region and districts. This fund will be used for undertaking immediate response, relief and rehabilitation activities, procurement of disaster response equipment, awareness generation, preparedness and mitigation activities. The Office of Disaster and Emergency Services should coordinate and monitor this fund. • Department budgets DRM is a cross-cutting issue which calls for risk management considerations into developmental activities which includes sectors such as health, education, governance, infrastructure, community development, mining and agriculture. The Tinputz DDMC should coordinate with the line agencies at district level for allocation of budget for DRM in their respective annual budget. This budget can be used for sectoral disaster preparedness and mitigation activities such as school safety awareness in school by education department, hospital preparedness plan by health department, etc. Some of the special funds like Governance Improvement Fund (GIF) can also be explored for allocation of a percentage for DRM. • Special/Trust Fund The Tinputz district is prone to a number of disaster and climate change including the Carteret atoll relocation and rehabilitation, which is on global development radar. This offers an opportunity to mobilize resources from charities, private bodies, individual donors, etc for disaster and climate risk management in the district. These sources require a robust financial management system including monitoring and reporting. The Tinputz DDRMC should explore the possibility of creating a trust/special fund with the finance department or treasury at regional level. The Tinputz DDRMC fund will manage the fund in a transparent and fair manner. • Development Partners In Tinputz, a number of development partners including UNDP, Care International, PNG Red Cross, World Vision, etc are undertaking disaster risk management and other


development projects. Some of these development partners have medium to long-term development programs and projects. The Tinputz DDRMC should discuss and coordinate its DRM priorities with these partners and secure funding for implementation of some the DRM activities. 6.2 Monitoring and evaluation of DRM • Implementation of the DRM Programme/Plan The Tinputz DDRMC will be overall coordinating agency for implementation of the DRM programme including the DDRM Plan in the district. The DDRMC will review the progress of DRM program implementation in its monthly meeting as well as special meeting. It will prepare an annual report on DRM implementation in district, which will be submitted to the region. DDRMC will also organize mock drill or table-top simulation exercises to check the effectiveness of Disaster Risk Management plan or systems and identify areas of improvement. These mock drills and simulation exercises can be organized at district, community, hospital, school, etc levels. • Review/Updating of the DDRM Plan The Tinputz District Disaster Risk Management Plan is a living document and it will be annually updated as risk profile and capacity in district changes. The Tinputz DDRM Plan will be updated using findings of the mock drills, analysis of any past disaster and changing district profile. The Tinputz DDRMC will be responsible for updating the plan and it will ensure involvement of all concerned stakeholders in the updating process. The updated copy of the Plan will be sent to Regional office at Buka.


Annex I Format of Disaster /Accident Report

Date: Time: Name of the disaster/accident

Place disaster/accident

Time of disaster/accident Brief of disaster/accident - Estimated loss of lives, injured persons - Loss of livestock - No of affected house - Situation at the disaster/accident site - Law & order - Additional information, if any

Action taken - Search & rescue operations - Persons/agencies undertaking managing the

disaster/accident - Shifting of injured or casualties - Medical assistance - Additional information, if any

Assistance required from the higher authorities/AROB

Name, designation & contact details of the Duty Officer


Annex II

Important contact details of National and Regional levels

National level Name of Agency Name and Designation Contact details

National Disaster Center (NDC), Port Moresby

Mr. Martin Mose, Director Tel:675-325 0239/0410 Fax: 675-325 4186

Regional level, Buka Name of Agency Name and Designation Contact details


Annex III

Important contact details of CoEs and Village Assemblies

Taonita Tinputz Name of CoE/Village Assembly Name of Chief Contact details

Taonita Tinputz

Taonita Teop Taonita Teop


Annex IV List of disaster response equipment and contact

Name of response equipment

Quantity Contact Persons details

Portable Generator


Annex V List of Partners (UN Agencies, INGOs, NGOs, Private sector, etc)

Name of Development

Partner Contact Person Contact Details


Annex VI Bougainville district map


Annex VII Disaster Risk Management related Definitions and Terms

Hazard Dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. (UNISDR, 2009)

Vulnerability The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard (UNISDR, 2009)

Capacity

The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals.(UNISDR, 2009)

Disaster

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. (UNISDR, 2009)

Risk

The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences (UNISDR, 2009)

Prevention

The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters (UNISDR, 2009)

Mitigation

The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters (UNISDR, 2009)

Preparedness

The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. (UNISDR, 2009)

Early warning The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. (UNISDR, 2009)

Response

The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected processes for post crisis recovery. It encompasses the restoration of basic services, livelihoods, shelter, governance, security and rule of law, environment and social dimensions, including the reintegration of displaced populations. (UNISDR, 2009)


Recovery The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors. (UNISDR, 2009)

Disaster Risk Management

The systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster. (UNISDR, 2009)

Climate Change

It refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. (IPCC) A change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Distinction between climate change attributable to human activities altering the atmospheric composition and climate variability attributable to natural causes (UNFCCC)

Climate Change Adaptation

Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to “A change in the climate that persists for decades or longer, arising from either natural causes or human activity.”

DRAFT Tinputz District Disaster Risk Management Plan · 2019-04-11 · Tinputz DDRM Plan iii...

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