Draft Final Fort Pickett Mission EA Mar 11

Environmental Assessment Future Mission Requirements 2011

Maneuver Training Center, Fort Pickett

prepared for: Virginia Department of Military Affairs

VAFM-E, Fort Pickett Blackstone, VA 23824

prepared by:

Gilmore Environmental Consulting, LLC. Blackstone, VA 23824

June 2011

Environmental Assessment

Future Mission Requirements, MTC Fort Pickett

Virginia Army National Guard

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... ES

SECTION 1.0

PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION ................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1-1

1.2 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.3 PURPOSE AND NEED .......................................................................................................... 1-5

1.4 SCOPE OF DOCUMENT ...................................................................................................... 1-6

1.5 INTERAGENCY COORDINATION AND REVIEW .......................................................... 1-7

SECTION 2.0 ..............................................................................................................................................

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES ...................................... 2-1

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION ................................................................................................... 2-2

2.2 SUPPORT FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT ................................................................... 2-2

2.3 TRAINING FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT ............................................................... 2-16

2.4 POST OPERATIONS AND MILITARY TRAINING ACTIVITIES........................... 2-16

SECTION 3.0

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ........................................................................................................ 3-1

3.1 ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................. 3-1

3.2 SCREENING CRITERIA TO ESTABLISH ALTERNATIVES .................................... 3-1

3.3 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED

BUT ELIMINATED FROM FURTHER STUDY ............................................ 3-2

3.4 PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ...................................................................................... 3-2

3.5 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE ....................................................................................... 3-3

SECTION 4.0

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................................. 4-1

4.1 LOCATION DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1.1 Regional Geographic Setting and Location ........................................................... 4-1

4.1.2 Climate ................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 LAND USE ............................................................................................................................ 4-2

4.2.1 Post Overview ........................................................................................................ 4-2

4.2.2 Surrounding Area ................................................................................................... 4-3

4.3 AIR QUALITY ...................................................................................................................... 4-6

4.3.1 Ambient Air Quality .............................................................................................. 4-6

4.3.2 Air Pollutant Emissions at Fort Pickett .................................................................. 4-6

4.4 NOISE ............................................................................................................................ 4-8

4.4.1 Noise Standards ..................................................................................................... 4-8

4.4.2 Major Noise Sources .............................................................................................. 4-9

4.4.3 Noise Assessment and Monitoring ........................................................................ 4-9

4.5 GEOLOGY ............................................................................................................................ 4-9

4.5.1 Physiography/Topography ..................................................................................... 4-9

4.5.2 Seismicity ............................................................................................................. 4-10

4.5.3 Soils ..................................................................................................................... 4-10

4.5.4 Prime Farmland .................................................................................................... 4-12

4.6 WATER RESOURCES ....................................................................................................... 4-13

4.6.1 Surface Water ...................................................................................................... 4-13




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4.6.1.1 Nottoway River .................................................................................... 4-13

4.6.1.2 Waters Originating Within MTCFP Boundaries ................................. 4-14

4.6.1.3 Waters Originating Outside MTCFP Boundaries ................................ 4-14

4.6.2 Groundwater ........................................................................................................ 4-15

4.6.3 Lakes and Other Impoundments .......................................................................... 4-16

4.6.4 Floodplain ............................................................................................................ 4-17

4.6.5 Wetlands .............................................................................................................. 4-18

4.6.6 Water Resources on the Proposed Action Sites ................................................... 4-18

4.6.6.1 Support Facilities Development ........................................................... 4-18

4.6.6.2 Training Facilities Development.......................................................... 4-20

4.6.6.3 Post Operations and Military Training Activities ................................ 4-21

4.7 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ............................................................................................. 4-22

4.7.1 Flora ..................................................................................................................... 4-22

4.7.2 Fauna .................................................................................................................... 4-23

4.7.3 Aquatic Resources ............................................................................................... 4-25

4.7.4 Wetlands .............................................................................................................. 4-25

4.7.5 Biological Resources on the Proposed Sites ........................................................ 4-25

4.7.5.1 Support Facilities Development Projects ............................................. 4-26



4.7.6 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species ......................................................... 4-27

4.7.7 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species on the Proposed Action Sites .......... 4-31




4.8 CULTURAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................ 4-33

4.8.1 Background .......................................................................................................... 4-33

4.8.2 Previous Historic Resource Investigations/Section 106 Consultation ................. 4-35

4.8.3 Programmatic Agreement (PA) ........................................................................... 4-36

4.8.4 Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP) ................................ 4-37

4.8.5 Cultural Resources on the Affected Sites ............................................................ 4-37


4.8.5.2 Training Facilities Development Project ............................................. 4-40


4.9 SOCIOECONOMICS .......................................................................................................... 4-42

4.9.1 Demographics ...................................................................................................... 4-42

4.9.2 Housing ................................................................................................................ 4-44

4.9.3 Public Services ..................................................................................................... 4-45

4.9.4 Regional Employment and Economic Activities ................................................. 4-48

4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE/PROTECTION OF CHILDREN ................................... 4-50

4.10.1 Environmental Justice ........................................................................................ 4-50

4.10.2 Protection of Children ........................................................................................ 4-51

4.11 INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................................................ 4-51

4.11.1 Potable Water Supply ........................................................................................ 4-51

4.11.2 Wastewater Treatment ....................................................................................... 4-52

4.11.3 Energy Sources .................................................................................................. 4-52

4.11.4 Telecommunication............................................................................................ 4-53

4.11.5 Solid Waste Disposal ......................................................................................... 4-53

4.11.6 Transportation .................................................................................................... 4-53

4.12 HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC MATERIALS/WASTES ................................................... 4-54

4.12.1 Environmental Areas of Concern ....................................................................... 4-55




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4.12.2 Aboveground Storage Tanks .............................................................................. 4-55

4.12.3 Underground Storage Tanks .............................................................................. 4-55

4.12.4 Preventive Controls and Spill Response Procedures ......................................... 4-55

SECTION 5.0

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ............................................................................... 5-1

5.1 LAND USE .............................................................................................................. 5-3

5.1.1 Proposed Action (Preferred Alternative) ................................................... 5-3

5.1.2 No Action Alternative ................................................................................ 5-4

5.2 CLIMATE ................................................................................................................ 5-5



5.3 AIR QUALITY ........................................................................................................ 5-5



5.4 NOISE…….. ............................................................................................................ 5-7



5.5 GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND SOILS……................................................... 5-9


5.5.2 No Action Alternative .............................................................................. 5-13

5.6 WATER RESOURCES…….. ............................................................................... 5-13

5.6.1 Proposed Action (Preferred Alternative) ................................................. 5-13


5.7 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES…….. ..................................................................... 5-18



5.8 CULTURAL RESOURCES…….. ........................................................................ 5-18



5.9 SOCIOECONOMIC…….. .................................................................................... 5-24



5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE & PROTECTION OF CHILDREN…….. ........ 5-25

5.10.1 Proposed Action (Preferred Alternative) ............................................... 5-25

5.10.2 No Action Alternative ............................................................................ 5-25

5.11 INFRASTRUCTURE…….. ................................................................................. 5-26



5.12 HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC WASTE…….. ...................................................... 5-27



5.13 MITIGATION MEASURES…….. ...................................................................... 5-28

5.13.1 Mitigation measures for impacts to land use ......................................... 5-28

5.13.2 Mitigation measures for impacts to air quality ...................................... 5-28

5.13.3 Mitigation measures for noise impacts .................................................. 5-29

5.13.4 Mitigation measures for impacts to soils, topography & geological




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resources ............................................................................................................ 5-29

5.13.5 Mitigation measures for impacts to water resources .............................. 5-30

5.13.6 Mitigation of impacts to biological resources ........................................ 5-31

5.13.7 Mitigation of impacts to cultural resources ........................................... 5-31

5.13.8 Mitigation of impacts to hazardous materials/wastes ............................ 5-31

5.14 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS .................................................................................. 5-31

5.14.1 Cumulative Impacts Analysis ................................................................ 5-33

5.15 STEWARDSHIP MEASURES ............................................................................ 5-38

SECTION 6.0

CONCLUSIONS…………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-1

SECTION 7.0

REFERENCES……….…………………………………………………………………………….…7-1

SECTION 8.0

GLOSSARY……….……………………………………………………………………….… .. 8-1

SECTION 9.0

LIST OF PREPARERS ...................................................................................................................... 9-1

SECTION 10.0

AGENCIES AND PERSONS CONSULTED ........................................................................ 10-1

SECTION 11.0

FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT .............................................................................. 11-1

APPENDICES

A. MTC FORT PICKETT OPERATING PROCEDURE - NEPA ............................................... A-1

B. SOILS MAPPED ON MTC FORT PICKETT ............................................................................ B-1

C. COMMENTS AND RESPONSES ................................................................................................ C-1

D. NOISE CONTOUR STUDY AND DIAGRAMS ...................................................................... D-1

LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Fort Pickett Vicinity ........................................................................................... Figures Tab

2.1 Fort Pickett with All Proposed Projects ............................................................. Figures Tab

2.2 Cantonment Area (North) .................................................................................. Figures Tab

2.3 Cantonment Area (South) .................................................................................. Figures Tab

2.4 Operational Readiness Training Complex ......................................................... Figures Tab

2.5 Visitor Control Center........................................................................................ Figures Tab

2.6 Morale Welfare & Recreation Area ................................................................... Figures Tab

2.7 Sports/Baseball Complex ................................................................................... Figures Tab

2.8 Conference Center ............................................................................................. Figures Tab

2.9 Post Exchange Expansion .................................................................................. Figures Tab

(Continued)




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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

2.10 Directorate of Logistics Troop Warehouse ........................................................ Figures Tab

2.11 Directorate of Public Works Stormwater Improvements................................... Figures Tab

2.12 Medical Detachment .......................................................................................... Figures Tab

2.13 Dining Facility ................................................................................................... Figures Tab

2.14 Post Headquarters .............................................................................................. Figures Tab

2.15 Directorate of Public Works Facilities ............................................................... Figures Tab

2.16 Fort Pickett Airspace Restrictions ..................................................................... Figures Tab

2.17 UAS Sites .................................................................................................... Figures Tab

4.1 Adjacent Properties ............................................................................................ Figures Tab

4.2 ACUB Areas .................................................................................................... Figures Tab

4.3 Nottoway Flood Zones ....................................................................................... Figures Tab

4.4 Logperch/Bald Eagle Sites ................................................................................. Figures Tab

5.1 Noise Contours .................................................................................................. Figures Tab

Fig 1 Constraints – Cantonment Area (North) ......................................... Constraints Figures Tab

Fig 2 Constraints – Cantonment Area (South) ......................................... Constraints Figures Tab

Fig 3 Constraints – Fort Pickett................................................................ Constraints Figures Tab

LIST OF TABLES

ES-1 Summary of Environmental Consequences ...................................................................ES-5

4.1 Temperature and Precipitation (Fort Pickett, Virginia 1973-93) ..................................... 4-2

4.2 National and Commonwealth of Virginia Ambient Air Quality Standards ..................... 4-7

4.3 Major Impoundments at MTCFP ................................................................................... 4-17

4.4 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Fauna at MTCFP ................................................... 4-29

4.5 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Flora at MTCFP ..................................................... 4-31

4.6 ROI Profile – Population of the Localities .................................................................... 4-43

4.7 ROI Profile – Community Population Characteristics................................................... 4-43

4.8 ROI Profile – Racial Characteristics of the Population ................................................. 4-44

4.9 ROI Profile – Housing Characteristics .......................................................................... 4-44

4.10 Profile of ROI Education Systems ................................................................................. 4-48

4.11 ROI Employment by Sector ........................................................................................... 4-49

4.12 ROI Income Profile ........................................................................................................ 4-50

6.1 Summary of Environmental Consequences and Mitigation Measures ............................ 6-1




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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AAQS Ambient Air Quality Standards

AASF Army Aviation Support Facility

ACR Armored Cavalry Regiment

AGL Above ground level

ALS Advance life support

AOC Area of concern

APOBS Antipersonnel obstacle breaching systems

AR Army Regulation

ARNG Army National Guard

ARNG MTC Army National Guard Maneuver Training Center

AST Aboveground storage tank

BMP Best Management Practice

BRAC Base Realignment and Closure Program

CAA Clean Air Act

CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments, 1977 and 1990

CAMTF Combined Armed MOUT Training Facility

CALFX Combined Arms Live Fire Exercise

CEQ Council on Environmental Quality

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CO Carbon monoxide

CPQC Combat Pistol Qualification Course

CWA Clean Water Act

VDCR Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation

VDEQ Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

VDGIF Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries

VDHR Virginia Department of Historic Resources

VDNH Division of Natural Heritage

DoD Department of Defense

DOL Directorate of Logistics

DPTS Directorate of Plans, Training, and Security

DPW Directorate of Public Works

DRMO Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office

DVOQ Distinguished Visiting Officers Quarters

E&SCP Erosion & Sediment Control Practices

EA Environmental Assessment (NEPA)

EFH Essential Fish Habitat

EIR Environmental Impact Report (Virginia Code 12.1-1188)

EIS Environmental Impact Statement (NEPA)

EMT Emergency Medical Transportation

ENMP Environmental Noise Management Plan

EO Executive Order

ESA Endangered Species Act

eSB Heavy Separate Brigade

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency




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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS FIRE Finance, Insurance and Real Estate

FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map

FNSI Finding of No Significant Impact

FPPA Farmland Protection Policy Act

FY Fiscal Year

FYDP Future Year Development Plan

GIS Geographic Information Systems

GOV government vehicle

HAPs hazardous air pollutants

HHA High Hazard Area

HMU Habitat Management Unit

HQ Headquarters

HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning

HWMP Hazardous Waste Management Plan

I Interstate

ICRMP Integrated Cultural Resource Management Plan

INRMP Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan

IPBC Infantry Platoon Battle Course

ISCP Installation Spill Contingency Plan

ITAM Integrated Training Area Management

LCTA Land Condition Trend Analysis (ITAM)

LRAM Land Rehabilitation and Management (ITAM)

LRCP Long Range Construction Plan

MATES Mobilization and Training Equipment Site

MEDCOM Medical Command

mgd million gallons per day

MICLIC M58 mine clearing line charge

MOA Military Operations Area; memorandum-of-agreement

MOUT Military Operations in Urban Terrain

MPMG/SFF Multi-Purpose Machine Gun / Sniper Field Fire

MPRC Multi-purpose range complex

MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area

msl Mean sea level

MTC Maneuver Training Center

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NCARNG North Carolina Army National Guard

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

NFIP National Flood Insurance Program

NGB National Guard Bureau

NHPA National Historic Preservation Act

NO Nitrous oxide

NO2 nitrogen dioxide

NOV Notice of Violation

NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service

NRHP National Register of Historic Places

NTA Normandy Training Area (proposed)

NWI National Wetland Inventory




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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS O3 Ozone

OMS Organizational Maintenance Shop

PA Programmatic Agreement

PAARNG Pennsylvania Army National Guard

Pb Lead

PM10 particulate matter <10mm

RDP Range Development Plan

REC Record of Environmental Consideration

ROI Region of Influence

RPDP Real Property Development Plan

RTI Regional Training Institute

SBCT Stryker Brigade Combat Team

SEC Southside Electric Cooperative

SHA Subsurface Hazard Area

SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer

SMR State Military Reservation

SPAREC Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center

SO2 Sulfur dioxide

SOP Standing Operating Procedure

SPCCP Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures Plan

STARC State Area Command

TNARNG Tennessee Army National Guard

TRI Training Requirements Integration (ITAM)

TSP Total Suspended Particulate

TVRs tracked vehicular ranges

USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

USACHPPM U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine

USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture

USDOA U.S. Department of the Army

USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

USGS U.S. Geologic Survey

USPFO U.S. Property and Fiscal Office

USTs Underground Storage Tanks

UXO Unexploded Ordnance

VaANG Virginia Air Guard

VaARNG Virginia Army National Guard

VAFM-E VaARNG Environmental Office

VCU Virginia Commonwealth University

VDHR Virginia Department of Historical Resources

VDMA Virginia Department of Military Affairs

VDoF Virginia Department of Forestry

VDWM Virginia Department of Waste Management

VEDP Virginia Economic Development Partnership

VOC Volatile organic compounds

WMCAR William & Mary Center for Archaeological Research

VMRC Virginia Marine Resources Commission




ix

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS WTMC Wonju Tank Maneuver Corridor

WTP Water treatment plant

WVARNG West Virginia Army National Guard

WWTP wastewater treatment plant




x




ES-1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

INTRODUCTION 2

This Environmental Assessment (EA) is prepared in accordance with the National 3

Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), its implementing regulations published by the Council on 4

Environmental Quality (40 CFR 1500-1508), and 32 CFR Part 651 (the Department of the 5

Army’s Regulation (AR) 200-2, Environmental Effects of Army Actions). Under NEPA, federal 6

agencies are required to consider the environmental consequences of major proposed actions in 7

the form of an EA or Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). This NEPA documentation is in 8

the form of an EA, which analyzes the Virginia Department of Military Affairs (VDMA) and the 9

Virginia Army National Guard (VaARNG) operations on the 42,000-acre (approximate) 10

installation Army National Guard Maneuver Training Center (ARNG MTC), Fort Pickett, 11

hereafter referred to as MTCFP. 12

PURPOSE AND NEED 13

The Virginia Army National Guard (VaARNG) proposes to implement the Proposed Action 14

described in the MTCFP Future Mission Requirements, 2011 Environmental Assessment. The 15

purpose of the Proposed Action is to enhance the training, support, and management capabilities 16

of MTCFP, and to enable MTCFP to meet future mission requirements in accordance with the 17

Army’s changing role in the global environment. The need of the Proposed Action is to ensure 18

that the VaARNG, and other armed forces units using MTCFP, maintain properly trained and 19

equipped units available for prompt mobilization in times of war, national and state emergency, 20

or as otherwise needed. The Proposed Action would implement development and construction of 21

support facilities as well as mission support and training facilities recommended by the MTCFP 22

Real Property Development Plan (RPDP), the MTCFP Master Plan, and the MTCFP Range 23

Complex Master Plan (RCMP). Identification of the elements included in the Proposed Action 24

included consultation with stakeholders in the operation and use of training facilities at MTCFP. 25

Only projects that are reasonably expected to be carried out during the coming five-year period 26

are included in the Proposed Action. In addition, the Proposed Action includes various post 27

operations and military training activities at MTCFP. 28




ES-2

PROPOSED ACTION 1

The Proposed Action includes twelve construction projects and six programs grouped into two 2

components. The two components are 1) Support Facilities Development and 2) Post Operations 3

and Military Training Activities at MTCFP. 4

The EA evaluated each component of the Proposed Action. Support Facilities Development 5

projects are conceptual proposals at this time. Proposed project sites have been identified for 6

each facility construction project; however, detailed project designs have not been completed. 7

The EA has evaluated whether use of the proposed project site for the intended use can be 8

carried out with no or minimal environmental impacts, and has identified mitigation measures, if 9

required. Post Operations and Military Training Activities may occur at multiple sites 10

throughout MTCFP, and involve repetitive actions or multiple actions that are similar in 11

character. 12

(1) Support Facilities Development: This component of the Proposed Action includes 13

the development of twelve facilities within the cantonment area of MTCFP. The twelve facility 14

construction projects are: (i) Operational Readiness Training Complex (ORTC), (ii) Visitors 15

Control Center, (iii) Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Area, (iv) Sports/Baseball 16

Complex, (v) Conference Center, (vi) Post Exchange (PX) Expansion, (vii) Directorate of 17

Logistics (DOL) Troop Warehouse, (viii) Directorate of Public Works (DPW) Stormwater 18

Improvements, (ix) Medical Detachment, (x) Dining Facility (DFAC), (xi) Post Headquarters 19

(HQ), and (xii) DPW Facilities. The location of each of the Support Facilities projects is within 20

the existing limits of MTCFP, and is detailed in the EA. 21

(2) Training Facilities Development: This component of the Proposed Action includes 22

the development of a single facility in Training Area 43, an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) 23

runway in the vicinity of Firing Point 43B. 24

(3) Post Operations and Military Training Activities: This component includes the 25

continuation of six classes of actions that occur periodically or continuously at MTCFP as a 26

result of normal operation of the Post, and as a result of normal training exercises. The six 27

classes of actions are: (i) Mission Support Activities (Forest Resource Management, Grounds 28

Maintenance, Demolition activities, and Wildlife Habitat Enhancement), (ii) MTCFP On-going 29




ES-3

Mission Training Activities, (iii) Controlled Access Area Live-Fire Maneuver Training Area 1

Activities, (iv) Air Operations, (v) Asymmetric Warfare Training Activities, and (vi) the MTCFP 2

Integrated Training Area Management Program. All of the activities occur within the existing 3

limits of MTCFP and the airspace included within the MTCFP Military Operations Area. 4

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED 5

The EA considers alternatives to achieve the stated purpose of the Action. Screening criteria 6

used to identify potential alternatives include: 1) projects must be in one of the following 7

documents: 2010 MTCFP Master Plan, the 2007 Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan 8

(INRMP), the RPDP, the RCMP, the Long Range Construction Plan (LRCP), or the FYDP, 2) 9

there must be a reasonable expectation from stakeholders that the project will be carried out in 10

the next five years, 3) the action must occur at MTCFP to most effectively support the training 11

mission provided by MTCFP, 4) the actions must meet the needs of the military mission as 12

established by Department of the Army training standards, and 5) whenever possible, the actions 13

should occur on sites where past and on-going activities are similar to the proposed activity in 14

order to minimize adverse environmental effects. 15

Evaluation of alternative measures to achieve the stated purpose of the Action resulted in 16

elimination of all alternatives except the Proposed Action (the preferred alternative) and the No 17

Action Alternative. CEQ regulations and 32 CFR Part 651 require that the effects of the 18

Preferred Alternative be compared to the No Action Alternative in order to clearly evaluate 19

potential impacts that would arise from implementation of the Proposed Action. 20

(1) Preferred Alternative: the preferred alternative (Proposed Action) consists of 21

twelve Support Facilities Development projects, one Training Facility Development project, and 22

six classes of actions necessary for Programs Supporting Post Operations and Military Training 23

Activities at MTCFP. The EA assesses the potential for environmental and socioeconomic 24

impacts from each of the proposed projects in order to evaluate the potential effect of the 25

Proposed Action. 26

(2) No Action Alternative: under the No Action Alternative, the VaARNG would not 27

implement the Support Facilities Development projects or the Training Facility Development 28




ES-4

project. Actions necessary for Programs Supporting Post Operations and Military Training 1

Activities would continue to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. 2

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 3

The EA identifies existing environmental conditions at MTCFP, and analyzes the effect of the 4

Proposed Action on the existing environmental conditions. The EA is a complete and objective 5

appraisal of the potential for positive and negative impacts that would result from the Proposed 6

Action. The analysis evaluates potential impacts to land use, climate, air quality, noise, 7

geological resources, water resources, biological resources (including rare, threatened or 8

endangered species), cultural resources, socioeconomics, infrastructure, hazardous and toxic 9

materials/wastes, environmental justice, and the protection of children. 10

The EA identifies minor impacts from implementation of the Proposed Action (Future Mission 11

Requirements, 2011) on several of the subject environmental resources. Minor impacts are 12

identified for air quality, noise, geological resources, water resources, biological resources 13

(including rare, threatened or endangered species), cultural resources, socioeconomics, 14

infrastructure, environmental justice, and the protection of children. The EA concludes that 15

impacts to threatened and endangered biological resources, socioeconomics, and environmental 16

justice were positive, while minor negative impacts to air quality, noise, geological resources, 17

water resources, biological resources, cultural resources, and infrastructure would result from the 18

Proposed Action. 19

A variety of control measures are employed by MTCFP to ensure that impacts to air quality, 20

noise, geological resources, water resources, cultural resources, and infrastructure are less than 21

significant. All of the measures are included in routine operations at MTCFP, and are 22

established either as Standard Operating Procedures for personnel stationed at or training at the 23

Post, as MTCFP internal operating regulations, or involve compliance with Federal or state laws 24

and regulations. Implementation of the Proposed Action and the control measures identified in 25

the EA would not result in significant adverse effects. Implementation of the Proposed Action 26

and mitigating measures would comply with applicable Federal, state, and local laws and 27

regulation. 28




ES-5

Based on the analysis, the EA concludes that implementation of the Proposed Action would not 1

have a significant impact on the physical, cultural, or natural environment. Positive effects on 2

MTCFP operations are anticipated with the implementation of the Proposed Action; without 3

implementation the proposed stormwater management improvements would not occur. Minor 4

positive impacts on socioeconomic conditions would result from implementation of the proposed 5

project as well. The environmental impacts associated with the proposed actions are summarized 6

in Table ES-1. Under the No Action alternative, the VaARNG would not implement the 7

proposed action. 8

CONCLUSIONS 9

No significant adverse environmental or socioeconomic impacts have been identified for the 10

proposed actions. The remaining impacts, as a result of the proposed actions, have been 11

determined to be insignificant to the surrounding environment at MTCFP. 12

Based upon the findings and conclusions of this EA, issuance of a Finding of No Significant 13

Impact (FNSI) would be appropriate and preparation of an EIS would not be warranted prior to 14

implementation of the proposed action. 15

16

Table ES-1: Summary of Environmental Consequences 17

Resource Area Summary of Impacts/Mitigation

Land Use No significant direct/indirect effects; no mitigation required.

Air Quality

Minor direct/indirect effects from construction activities and from controlled

burning for silvicultural management; no mitigation required. Control measures

include adhering to appropriate regulations for control of fugitive dust during all

clearing and construction activities, training activities, and use of forestry BMPs

for minimizing smoke effects in surrounding areas.

Noise

Minor direct/indirect effects from construction activities are limited to noise from

construction vehicles traversing adjacent roads; no mitigation is required.

Limiting hours of construction activity to normal working hours would be a

sufficient control measure.

Minor direct/indirect effects from training activities extend to off-post areas

along the eastern boundary of the Post; no mitigation required. Control measures

currently include separation and screening. A noise management plan has been

prepared for the installation.




ES-6


Topography, Geology,

Soils

Minor direct/indirect effects would result from clearing and construction

practices, and from programmatic actions that result in ground-disturbing

activities; no mitigation required. Control measures include the adoption of

Standard Operating Procedures to insure that construction activities and training

activities are reviewed by VAFM-E prior to ground disturbance, and that

appropriate measures are followed to minimize soil erosion. VAFM-E has the

authority to stop any project until appropriate erosion and sediment control

measures are in place. All facility/infrastructure construction, maintenance, and

repair activities must comply with adopted erosion and sediment control laws and

stormwater management laws, as implemented under the MTCFP Standard

Operating Procedures. Training activities that result in significant ground

disturbance will be managed under the Sustainable Range Program (SRP).

Water Resources

Minor direct/indirect effects to water resources would result from implementation

of the proposed project; no mitigation required. Control measures include

compliance with existing laws. VaARNG will comply with Virginia erosion and

sediment control and stormwater management regulations. VAFM-E has the


measures are in place. Appropriate permits will be obtained prior to regulated

activities affecting jurisdictional waters. Wastewater treatment capacity is

available to serve the proposed projects.

Biological Resources

Minor direct/indirect effects on biological resources; no mitigation required.

Existing management of military training sites results in higher species richness

in some areas, and more suitable habitat for Michaux’s sumac germination.

Several rare, threatened, and endangered species are present on the Post due to

the isolation afforded by military use, which restricts agricultural uses and private

development. Existing MTCFP operating procedures guided by the INRMP

ensure appropriate protections for rare, threatened and endangered species.

Cultural Resources

Minor direct/indirect effects from construction, silviculture, and training

activities; no mitigation required. Control measures include survey by VAFM-E

prior to timber harvesting and construction activities, and on-going consultation

with Virginia Department of Historic Resources for needed survey activities and

preservation of National Register eligible sites.

Socioeconomic

Minor positive direct/indirect effects due to the economic stimulus of proposed

construction activity and from the over-all economic benefits of the military

training activities; no mitigation required.

Environmental Justice/

Protection of Children Positive direct/indirect effects; no mitigation required.

Infrastructure/Utilities

Minor direct/indirect effects; no mitigation required. The proposed mission

support projects will generate a demand for water and sewage treatment and for

electrical and communication services. Control measures include separate

evaluation of utility needs during the facility design process.




ES-7


Hazardous and Toxic

Materials/Waste

No direct/indirect effects; no mitigation required. MTCFP will continue to work

with DEQ to provide needed testing and information for all AOCs. Appropriate

measures will be developed in consultation with DEQ to rehabilitate or reuse

contaminated sites on-Post. An active recycling program will be maintained at

the Post, and all wastes will be disposed of at appropriately licensed facilities.




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SECTION 1.0 1

PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION 2

1.1 INTRODUCTION 3

This document presents an Environmental Assessment (EA) evaluating future mission 4

requirements at the Army National Guard Maneuver Training Center Fort Pickett (MTCFP), 5

Blackstone, Virginia, for the Virginia Army National Guard (VaARNG) (Figure 1.1). This EA 6

addresses VaARNG activities at the 42,000-acre (approximate) installation as described in 7

Section 2.0. Actions to be addressed within this EA are proposed for implementation during the 8

Fiscal Year (FY) 2011-2016 planning period. 9

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) requires Federal agencies, including the 10

Department of the Army, to consider the environmental effects of proposed actions. NEPA 11

directs Federal agencies to consider alternatives early in the decision making process, and to 12

include public participation in the process. Title 32, Part 651 of the Code of Federal Regulations 13

(32 CFR 651), “Environmental Analysis of Army Actions” implements NEPA, setting forth the 14

Army’s policies and responsibilities for the early integration of environmental considerations 15

into planning and decision-making. Title 32 CFR 651 applies to actions of the Active Army, and 16

Army Reserve, to functions of the Army National Guard (ARNG) involving federal funding, and 17

to functions for which the Army is the Department of Defense (DoD) executive agent. This EA 18

has been prepared in compliance with 32 CFR 651 because the proposed actions will be 19

implemented using federal funds. 20

The requirements of other federal laws and regulations may be addressed by, or during the 21

preparation of an EA. In particular, the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) (16 USC 22

470, et seq.) and the Endangered Species Act (ESA) (16 USC 35, et seq.) require consultation 23

with appropriate controlling authorities prior to initiation of Federal actions. “Scoping” 24

notifications for this EA initiated the consultation process in compliance with applicable Federal 25

requirements, and copies of the draft EA will be forwarded to interested agencies for review and 26

comment prior to completion of the assessment process. 27




1-2

The Code of Virginia §10.1-1188 requires state agencies such as the Virginia Department of 28

Military Affairs (VDMA) to prepare and submit an environmental impact report (EIR) for each 29

major state project. The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ) is responsible 30

for carrying out Virginia’s Environmental Impact Review procedures. VDEQ’s procedures 31

allow submittal of an EA developed in accordance with NEPA in fulfillment of the EIR 32

requirement (VDEQ, 2004). This document will be submitted in compliance with Code of 33

Virginia §10.1-1188, because VDMA is an agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia and several 34

of the projects addressed by the EA constitute major state projects as defined by Virginia Code. 35

1.2 BACKGROUND 36

On 12 October 1999, the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff of the Army articulated a 37

vision about people, readiness, and transformation of the Army to meet the demands of the 21st 38

century. In response to this vision, the Army proposed to undertake a multi-year, phased and 39

synchronized program of transformation affecting most, if not all, aspects of the Army’s 40

doctrine, training, leader development, organizations, installations, material, and soldiers. 41

The Virginia Army National Guard (VaARNG) is dedicated to supporting the National Guard 42

Bureau (NGB) in their roles and responsibilities under the Department of the Army. The overall 43

mission of MTCFP is to provide a facility capable of handling up to Brigade size elements for 44

live fire and maneuver training for Army Reserve Components and Active Components of all 45

services (VaARNG, 2007). VaARNG proposes to undertake a multi-year strategy involving 46

facility improvements at MTCFP that will enable the installation to meet the requirements of the 47

Army’s transformation initiative. 48

MTCFP is located in southeast Virginia, approximately two miles east of Blackstone, Virginia. 49

The installation is located approximately 35 miles west of Petersburg and 60 miles southwest of 50

Richmond on U.S. Route 460 (USACE, 1998) (see Figure 1.1). The installation consists of 51

approximately 42,000 acres spanning three counties: Brunswick (approximately 7,500 acres), 52

Dinwiddie (approximately 14,000 acres) and Nottoway (approximately 20,500 acres). 53

The VaARNG took over operational control of MTCFP on 1 October 1997 through a Facility 54

Use Agreement with the Department of the Army (Department of the Army, 1998a). Under the 55

Facility Use Agreement, the Department of Army retains ownership of the land, and the 56




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VaARNG is authorized to use the land for military training activities. As directed by the 1995 57

Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC 95) decision, MTCFP property not required 58

for military training has been transferred to Nottoway County and Virginia Polytechnic Institute 59

and State University to support local redevelopment. 60

MTCFP offers unique training opportunities for National Guard units from several states, the 61

active military, and a variety of federal, state and civilian agencies and organizations. For 62

VaARNG units located throughout central and southwestern Virginia, MTCFP is the closest 63

major training site that meets the training circular guidance for driving time and cost efficiency. 64

In addition, MTCFP offers realistic training for units throughout the year rather than just during 65

the two-week annual training period. 66

MTCFP regularly supports National Guard units from other states including the 30th

Heavy 67

Separate Brigade (HSB) of the North Carolina Army National Guard (NCARNG) and the 278th

68

Armored Cavalry Regiment (ACR) of the Tennessee Army National Guard (TNARNG). In 69

addition, MTCFP supports gunnery and maneuver requirements for other units, including the 70

Pennsylvania Army National Guard (PAARNG) and the West Virginia Army National Guard 71

(WVARNG). Both of these organizations have equipment pre-positioned at the MTCFP 72

Mobilization and Training Equipment Site (MATES) facility on a full time basis. 73

The active components of the Department of Defense (DoD) also use MTCFP on a regular basis. 74

This includes the U.S. Army, Air Force, Navy, Marines and Coast Guard. The Navy Seals use 75

the installation for survival and explosives training. 76

The Military Munitions and Maneuver Training Areas at MTCFP occupy the entire Post except 77

for selected areas within which maneuver training access is prohibited. Maneuver training 78

access is prohibited in the cantonment area, the munitions storage area, a target box for live-fire 79

activities in which unexploded ordnance (UXO) poses a high-hazard and enclaves within the 80

Post that are owned by, or proposed for transfer to, other government agencies or private entities. 81

A portion of the Military Munitions and Maneuver Training Areas at MTCFP have been 82

designated as Subsurface Hazard Areas (SHA). Excavation by non-Department of Defense 83

(DoD) personnel is not permitted in the area due to the potential presence of buried UXO. 84




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The developed area includes the cantonment area and the airfield. The cantonment includes the 85

headquarters building, training classrooms, troop housing (barracks), dining facilities, and a 86

variety of maintenance, storage, administrative, and recreational areas. 87

The Blackstone Army Airfield/Alan C. Perkinson Municipal Airport (678 acres) is located on the 88

western part of MTCFP, adjacent to State Highway 40. The Airfield includes two runways 89

(4,600 feet and 4,000 feet) as well as the control tower, hangars and other structures housing 90

airfield operations. 91

The Fort Pickett Range Complex is within the National Airspace System regulated by the 92

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and includes Restricted Area R-6602 A, B, and C (from 93

the surface up to 18,000 feet above ground level (AGL)) and three Military Operations Areas 94

(MOAs). Because of the availability of 18,000 feet of controlled airspace above MTCFP, the 95

installation is used by the Virginia Air National Guard (VaANG), and other appropriate 96

governmental agencies for aerial gunnery and aerial delivery training. 97

As the Army transforms, the National Guard will receive both new equipment and legacy 98

equipment from the Active Army. The first fielding of the smaller, lighter equipment occurred 99

during FY04. By FY13, the ARNG will have an interim force of one transformed maneuver 100

brigade. By FY26, the transformation of the ARNG will be 57 percent complete. By FY32 there 101

will be an objective force of 33 light maneuver brigades Army-wide. Currently, no U.S. Army 102

or ARNG installations meet all of the criteria for transformation brigade training; therefore, the 103

brigades may not be able to train to full capacity at one time (PAARNG, 2003). It is anticipated 104

that, due to size and availability of maneuver areas and training ranges, MTCFP will remain 105

involved in transformation and training of the PAARNG 56th

Stryker Brigade Combat Team 106

(SBCT). The enhanced facilities, maneuver and training range areas that would be necessary to 107

provide qualification training for the PAANRG 56th

SBCT at MTCFP were evaluated in an 108

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) prepared by the PAARNG. Facility improvements 109

addressed in the SBCT EIS are not included in this EA (2011 Future Mission Requirements EA). 110

All facilities included in this EA are proposed for general support of the overall training mission 111

of MTCFP, including all users of the Post’s training facilities. 112

Planning and development of facilities to meet the evolving needs for military training involve a 113

continuing process. An EA completed in 2005 evaluated several projects and programmatic 114




1-5

activities that have recently been completed or are in progress. Since completion of the 2005 115

EA, MTCFP has completed an update of the MTCFP Master Plan (2010). This EA is being 116

prepared to address activities identified in the 2010 MTCFP Master Plan, as well as activities 117

identified in the Fort Pickett INRMP (2007), RPDP, and RCMP that have a reasonable 118

expectation of implementation in the coming five years. 119

1.3 PURPOSE AND NEED 120

The prospect of a rapidly changing, more turbulent, unpredictable, global security environment 121

underscores the need for a high level of U.S. defense preparedness. To meet the challenges of a 122

wider range of threats and a more complex set of operating environments, the U.S. will require 123

an Army capable of rapid response and dominance across the entire spectrum of operations in 124

joint, interagency, and multinational configurations. 125

The purpose of the Proposed Action is to enhance the training, support, and management 126

capabilities of MTCFP and to enable MTCFP to meet future mission requirements in accordance 127

with the Army’s changing role in the global environment. The Proposed Action includes 128

projects and activities that are outlined in the MTCFP RPDP, the MTCFP Master Plan, and the 129

MTCFP RCMP and are in-line with strategies included in the INRMP. Identification of the 130

elements included in the Proposed Action included consultation with stakeholders in the 131

operation and use of training facilities at MTCFP. Only projects that are reasonably expected to 132

be carried out during the coming five-year period are included in the Proposed Action. The 133

purpose of the recommendations proposed in these plans is to improve the operational and 134

strategic proficiency required for peacetime readiness, civilian support, wartime mobilization and 135

the initiation and continuation of combat. All of the proposed Mission Support and Training 136

Facilities construction projects comply with the requirements of NGB PAM 415-12, Army 137

National Guard Allowances dated 23 July 2003. A detailed description of the purpose of each 138

project element of the Proposed Action is provided in the project descriptions presented in 139

Section 2.0. 140

To meet the challenges of a wider range of threats and a more complex set of operating 141

environments, the U.S. requires a world class Army capable of rapid response and dominance 142

across the entire spectrum of operations in a joint, interagency, and multi-national environment. 143




1-6

To this end, the Proposed Action is needed to further develop and expand the capability of 144

MTCFP to assist the NGB with supporting the Army’s vision of transformation. The Proposed 145

Action is necessary to provide additional and upgraded training and operational resources, which 146

meet the standards and expectations of the transformation initiative. This transformation also 147

includes an emphasis on the use of emerging technology, digital targetry and a focus on urban 148

warfare training. The Proposed Action is also needed to ensure that the VaARNG, and other 149

armed forces units using MTCFP, maintain properly trained and equipped units available for 150

prompt mobilization in times of war, national and state emergencies, or as otherwise needed. A 151

detailed description of the need for each project element of the Proposed Action is provided in 152

the project descriptions presented in Section 2.0. 153

1.4 SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 154

This EA describes the existing conditions in the affected area and evaluates the potential impacts 155

of the project elements that constitute the Proposed Action. The analysis includes impacts on 156

physical resources, including air quality, water quality, land use, noise, biological resources, 157

cultural resources, and hazardous materials/waste. The analysis also includes evaluation of 158

socio-economic characteristics including impacts on community character, local services and 159

infrastructure, at-risk population groups, and the local economy. The potential impacts of the 160

Proposed Action are measured against the consequences of not taking the actions described, the 161

No-Action alternative. More specifically, this document will focus on any changes or 162

differences in physical or socioeconomic effects between current facility capabilities, 163

infrastructure, support, services and facilities, and the capabilities, infrastructure, support, 164

services and facilities of the Proposed Action. 165

The EA is an evaluation of the proposed project elements. While sites have been identified for 166

the proposed mission support facilities, site design and building design have not been completed. 167

The EA considers the regulatory and decision framework for design and construction of the 168

facilities on the proposed sites in evaluating whether use of the proposed sites would cause 169

significant adverse environmental impact. Post Operations and Military Training Activities, and 170

Integrated Training Area Management (ITAM) activities are evaluated through consideration of 171

the regulatory and decision framework used by VDMA and VaARNG in managing daily 172

activities at the Post. 173




1-7

The EA fulfills the requirements of NEPA, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) 174

regulations, and other applicable Federal laws, as required by 32 CFR Part 651. This 175

investigation is being conducted to identify existing environmental conditions and to determine if 176

an EIS is required to address significant impacts, if any. If the EA determines that impacts 177

would not be significant, a Finding of No Significant Impact (FNSI) will be prepared. The EA 178

analyzes and documents the potential environmental impacts, including cumulative impacts, 179

associated with the proposed actions. 180

1.5 INTERAGENCY COORDINATION AND REVIEW 181

The preparation of this EA was coordinated with appropriate federal, state and local agencies. 182

Copies of agency correspondence are provided in Appendix C. In addition, agency and public 183

input will be obtained during two public comment periods. The initial public comment period 184

was held following completion of the draft EA. During this time comments submitted by 185

agencies, organizations or members of the public on the proposed actions or EA were 186

considered. Following evaluation of comments received during the initial public review, the EA 187

has concluded that there are no significant impacts, and a draft FNSI has been issued. The draft 188

FNSI and final EA are now being made available for the final public comment period. Notices 189

of public comment periods and availability of the documents will be advertised through the local 190

news media. Appendix C will include copies of public notices, public comments and responses. 191




2-1

SECTION 2.0 1

DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES 2

MTCFP proposes to implement a number of projects in the FY11 – FY16 planning period to 3

meet the objectives outlined in Section 1.0. The Proposed Action projects were identified 4

through review of MTCFP Master Planning Documents, the INRMP, the Integrated Cultural 5

Resource Management Plan (ICRMP) and through a series of consultation/planning meetings 6

with the Fort Pickett Commander, Fort Pickett Directorate of Plans, Training, and Security 7

(DPTS) personnel, DPW personnel and VaARNG Environmental Office (VAFM-E) personnel. 8

All of the proposed project elements are needed to conduct or enhance the training mission at the 9

installation, or to enhance the day-to-day management and operation of the installation. The 10

projects, which comprise the Proposed Action, fall under two general categories: support 11

facilities development and post operations and training activities: 12

Support Facilities Development Projects include: 13

Operational Readiness Training Complex (ORTC) 14

Visitors Control Center 15

Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Area 16

Sports/Baseball Complex 17

Conference Center 18

Post Exchange (PX) Expansion 19

Directorate of Logistics (DOL) Troop Warehouse 20

Directorate of Public Works (DPW) Stormwater Improvements 21

Medical Detachment 22

Dining Facility (DFAC) 23

Post Headquarters (HQ) 24

DPW Facilities 25

Training Facilities Development Projects include: 26

Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Runway Site 27

28




2-2

Post Operations and Military Training Activities Include: 29

Mission Support Activities 30

Mission Training Activities 31

Controlled Access Area Live-Fire Maneuver Training Area Activities 32

Air Operations 33

Asymmetric Warfare Training Activities 34

Integrated Training Area Management (ITAM) Program 35

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION 36


The installation is located approximately 35 miles west of Petersburg and 60 miles southwest of 38

Richmond on U.S. Route 460. All of the activities included in the Proposed Action would occur 39

within the existing boundary or the associated airspace of MTCFP (see Figures 1.1 and 2.1). 40

The Cantonment Area of MTCFP is the only portion of the 41,178-acre installation that is not 41

used for maneuver training activities. All of the proposed support facilities would be located 42

within the cantonment area or in adjacent training areas (see Figures 2.2 and 2.3). All military 43

training activities would be located within the training areas of MTCFP. Locations are detailed 44

in the individual descriptions of proposed project components in the following sections. 45

2.2 SUPPORT FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 46

All of the Support Facilities Development projects would occur within the Cantonment Area or 47

nearby training areas. The cantonment area contains a variety of industrial, administrative, and 48

institutional uses needed for administering activities at the Post and for accommodating units 49

using the training facilities available at the Post. In most cases, the proposed projects replace 50

existing facilities already located within the cantonment area that are housed in substandard or 51

temporary buildings constructed during World War II or the Korean War. New facilities would 52

accommodate specialized military mission-support activities that are not currently available at 53

MTCFP. 54

55




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2.2.1 Operational Readiness Training Complex (ORTC) 56

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to construct a Brigade Complex to support over 57

3,500 soldiers. The Complex would include barracks for billeting, a brigade headquarters, motor 58

pools, dining facilities and officer housing. 59

Need: The existing World War II (WWII) temporary wood-frame billeting and support 60

buildings at MTCFP are inadequate and substandard with respect to troop health and welfare. 61

Additionally, there is insufficient space to house 3,500 troops. 62

Description: The planned ORTC is proposed to be situated on 77.31 acres of previously 63

developed land located in the southeastern section of the cantonment area, as shown in Figure 64

2.4. The complex is intended for housing and support facilities for brigade-sized units training at 65

MTCFP. The existing WWII temporary wood-frame buildings in the project area (Buildings 66

2624-2633, 2635-2636, 2638-2639, 2642-2644, 2646-2650, 2657, 2659, 2671-2673, 2680, 2811, 67

2813-2817, 2823, 2826-2829, 2838, 2841, 2856, 2864-2865, 3061-3063) would not be retained. 68

These buildings are currently used as barracks, dining facilities, training, and vehicle 69

maintenance. Surrounding uses are a mixture of residential, light industrial, recreational, and 70

administrative activities all within the cantonment area and dedicated to the support of the 71

military mission of MTCFP. The proposed Sports/Baseball Complex is planned to the north of 72

this proposed project area, while Range Operations (Building 3001) is located immediately to the 73

east. 74

The Proposed Action would take advantage of existing infrastructure such as roads, water/sewer 75

lines, storm water management structures, etc. 76

The number and size of buildings that would be developed on the site has not been determined. 77

The proposed structures would be permanent, utilizing masonry type construction: exterior walls 78

of brick with concrete masonry unit backup or other suitable systems; walls and partitions of 79

drywall, block, or other economically suitable material; concrete floors; and roof systems of low 80

slope (metal standing seam roof) or hip or gable type construction (metal standing seam, asphalt 81

or fiberglass shingles), single or multi-story structure or structures with ventilation, heating and 82

air-conditioning. Supporting facilities would include military and privately owned vehicle 83

parking, fencing, sidewalks, exterior fire protection, outside lighting, access roads, detached 84




2-4

facility signs, utilities, and stormwater retention. Physical security measures would be 85

incorporated into the design including maximum feasible standoff distance from roads, parking 86

areas, and vehicle unloading areas, berms, heavy landscaping, and bollards to prevent access 87

when standoff distance cannot be maintained. Cost effective energy conserving features will be 88

incorporated into the design, including energy management control systems and high efficiency 89

motors, lighting, and HVAC systems. 90

2.2.2 Visitor Control Center 91

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to provide a visitor center and a security access 92

control point at the main gate of MTCFP in accordance with Army Regulation 190-5. 93

Need: The existing facilities consist of a small guard building and a covered ID check point 94

with one lane designated for DoD pass holders and one lane for all other visitors to receive a 95

written vehicle pass. These facilities are inadequate to support additional visitor services and 96

resources and are not conducive to a security access control point without closing down all 97

traffic coming through the main gate. 98

Description: The planned Visitor Control Center is proposed to be located at an 8.98-acre site 99

south of the existing main gate on the west side of Military Road, as shown in Figure 2.5. The 100

facility would consist of a single building with an asphalt parking lot. Visitors without DoD 101

passes would be directed to the Control Center for an ID check, issuance of a short or long-term 102

visitor’s pass and to receive information on access to MTCFP. Security personnel would be 103

located within the facility. 104

No existing standing structures are within the proposed project area. The area is currently a 105

revegetated mixed stand of conifers and deciduous species that will be removed. Adjacent uses 106

include a variety of administrative, recreational, and maintenance activities supporting military 107

personnel and activities on the Post. Some evidence of former development remains in this area, 108

in the form of roads/trails and abandoned utility infrastructure. A Southside Electric Cooperative 109

(SEC) transmission line erected within the last decade crosses through the area as well. 110

The structure would be permanent, utilizing masonry type construction: exterior walls of brick 111

with concrete masonry unit backup or other suitable systems; walls and partitions of drywall, 112

block, or other economically suitable material; concrete floors; and roof systems of low slope 113




2-5

(metal standing seam roof) or hip or gable type construction (metal standing seam, asphalt or 114

fiberglass shingles), single or multi-story structure with ventilation, heating and air-conditioning. 115

Supporting facilities would include military and privately owned vehicle parking, fencing, 116

sidewalks, exterior fire protection, outside lighting, access roads, detached facility signs, utilities, 117

and storm water retention. Physical security measures would be incorporated into the design 118

including maximum feasible standoff distance from roads, parking areas, and vehicle unloading 119

areas, berms, landscaping, and bollards to prevent access when standoff distance cannot be 120

maintained. Cost effective energy conserving features will be incorporated into design, 121

including energy management control systems and high efficiency motors, lighting, and HVAC 122

systems. 123

The new Visitor Control Center may employ several updates to help MTCFP go green, including 124

a solar array on the roof that converts sunlight into electricity. Some of the other new "green" 125

aspects that may be utilized are photovoltaic (PV) lighting, solar powered light poles, skylights 126

that provide natural light to reduce the use of electric lighting and a geothermal heat pump 127

(GHP) that harnesses the earth’s constant temperature as a heat source in winter and a heat sink 128

in summer. 129

2.2.3 Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Area 130

Purpose: The MWR Area would provide facilities capable of supporting a transient troop 131

population of up to 7,000 service members. The purpose of this proposed action is to renovate 132

the existing pool facilities to provide an adequate location for troop swimming qualifications and 133

training exercises, in addition to, physical training (PT) and recreation. Additionally, the purpose 134

of this project is to construct new tennis courts, basketball courts and a field archery range. 135

Need: The existing MWR facilities are in a state of disrepair which renders them unusable and 136

hazardous. The renovation of these facilities is needed for troop training activities, PT and 137

MWR. 138

Description: The MWR Area is proposed to be located on a 24.73-acre area near the intersection 139

of Military Road and Garnett Avenue, west and south of the existing fieldhouse (Building 1613) 140

as shown in Figure 2.6. This project would include the renovation and reuse of the existing pool 141

located to the south of the fieldhouse. With the exception of a bathhouse associated with the 142




2-6

existing pool (Building 1643), there are no standing structures in the proposed project area. The 143

wooded area comprising the western portion of the proposed project would be retained, with 144

paths and targets constructed for use as a field archery range. 145

Although adjacent uses include a variety of administrative, recreational, and maintenance 146

activities supporting military personnel and activities on the Post, immediately adjacent to the 147

project, almost all areas are unused. The former Fort Pickett Officers’ Club, part of Nottoway 148

County’s Pickett Park, was renovated and now serves as a daycare facility as well as a social 149

venue and community activity center. It is located to the north of the proposed project area, 150

across Military Road. The proposed DPW facilities are located to the south of this proposed 151

project area.. The renovation of the pool includes demolition of existing pool liner, plumbing, 152

filter and pump equipment and chemical storage and distribution system. The pool renovation 153

would involve the re-plaster of the existing pool and installation of new plumbing, electrical, 154

pumps, and filters. 155

The addition of new tennis and basketball courts would consist of adding two new tennis courts, 156

fencing and lighting, in addition to two new outdoor basketball courts with striping, 12' high 157

fencing and lighting. 158

The addition of a new field archery range would consist of a designated wooded area with targets 159

placed at known distances of up to 80 yards from the shooting stations. This setup helps to 160

improve the technique required for bow hunting in a more realistic outdoor setting, but without 161

introducing the complication and guesswork of unknown distances. 162

2.2.4 Sports/Baseball Complex 163

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to provide a new, up-to-date sports complex 164

consisting of four contiguous baseball fields. This would provide MWR facilities capable of 165

supporting a transient troop population of up to 7,000 service members. 166

Need: MTCFP currently has several, out-dated softball/baseball fields that do not have adequate 167

spectator seating or lighting. The existing softball/baseball fields are not located in areas easily 168

accessible to troops housed at MTCFP. One is near the current DPW building, and the others are 169

being displaced by the new Regional Training Institute (RTI) Complex. The Sports/Baseball 170

Complex is needed for troop PT and MWR. 171




2-7

Description: The Sports/Baseball Complex is proposed to be located adjacent to the existing 172

baseball fields being displaced by the RTI Complex, southeast of Hospital Road, between West 173

and East Parade Avenues, as shown in Figure 2.7. The proposed project would reuse a formerly 174

developed area that is now a revegetated mixed stand of conifers and deciduous species that 175

would be removed. No existing standing structures are located within the proposed project area. 176

An RTI Complex (Buildings 2100, 2101, 2103, 2107) is currently under construction to the west 177

of the proposed project area, while Range Operations (Building 3001) is to the southeast and the 178

proposed Operational Readiness Training Complex is located to the south. Adjacent uses 179

include a variety of administrative, residential, recreational, and maintenance activities 180

supporting military personnel and activities on the Post, with WWII temporary wood-frame 181

Buildings 2604-2606, 2608-2610, 2800-2803, 2805-2807, 3001, 2304-2306 located along the 182

southern and northern boundaries of the proposed project area. The area to the east of the project 183

area is unused. Some evidence of former development remains in the proposed project area, in 184

the form of roads/trails, and existing and abandoned utility infrastructure. 185

Development of the 38.44-acre site would include the harvest of trees and the construction of 186

four baseball fields to include dugouts, announcer stands, spectator bleachers, adequate lighting 187

and fences. Cost effective energy conserving features will be incorporated into the design 188

including high efficiency lighting. 189

2.2.5 Conference Center 190

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to construct facilities for executive level 191

conferences that require isolation and security during hosted events. 192

Need: MTCFP has identified a need for a facility where conferences and/or meetings could be 193

held with a higher degree of physical security. MTCFP does not currently have a facility to 194

support the type of isolation and security this conference center would provide. 195

Description: The planned Conference Center is proposed to be located at the site of the current 196

Post HQ (Building 472) and Police Station (Building 471), just off Military Road, and would 197

occupy 39.75 acres of previously developed land, as shown in Figure 2.8. The proposed project 198

would also reuse Building 473 (Buildings 471-473 are all temporary WWII wood-frame 199

structures), and a residence (Building 494, the Austin Place, likely built between 1900-1915) as 200




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well as the revegetated mixed stands of conifers and deciduous species around these structures. 201

The timber stands will be removed. Existing structures in the proposed project area, with the 202

possible exception of Building 494 will be modified and new facilities constructed to create the 203

conference center. 204

Adjacent Nottoway County property to the northeast of the project area, Pickett Park, is planned 205

for a mix of commercial, office and institutional uses. With the exception of the Nottoway 206

County property and an electrical substation (see below), the immediately adjacent areas to the 207

project site are unused. There is an existing gravel pit/quarry to the south of the project area 208

while north of the proposed project area, across West Entrance Road, is an SEC electrical 209

substation. 210

The project would involve the construction of new facilities in conjunction with modifications to 211

existing facilities to create a state-of-the-art conference center. The total size of the structures has 212

not been determined. The facility would be designed with three conference rooms (one being the 213

primary conference room and two secondary chambers). The entrance to the center would serve 214

as a foyer/receiving area with restrooms. The structure would also include an undetermined 215

number of superior (DVOQ) motel-style rooms, housing up to 24 senior level persons, and 216

administrative support space. The billeting/office area would have a covered walkway in front. 217

The two separate buildings would have an overhead cover connecting the two with a drive-218

through at its center. Two houses are proposed to be located behind the conference center. 219

These would be standard, custom-built homes with added security systems. 220

The two side conference rooms would be for tabled discussions and meetings. The center room 221

would consist of an executive level presentation facility consisting of multimedia and 222

communications equipment for multipurpose training instruction or presentations. 223

The structures would consist of exterior walls of brick or other suitable systems; walls and 224

partitions of drywall, block, or other economically suitable material; concrete floors; and roof 225

systems of low slope (metal standing seam roof) or hip or gable type construction (metal 226

standing seam, asphalt or fiberglass shingles), single-story structures with ventilation, heating 227

and air-conditioning. Supporting facilities would include military and privately owned vehicle 228

parking, fencing, sidewalks, exterior fire protection, outside lighting, access roads, detached 229

facility signs, utilities, and storm water retention pond(s). Physical security measures would be 230




2-9




incorporated into design, including energy management control systems and high efficiency 234


2.2.6 Post Exchange (PX) Expansion 236

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to expand and update the existing PX facilities 237

to provide more goods and additional services to the growing troop population. This would 238

provide MWR facilities capable of supporting a transient troop population of up to 7,000 service 239

members. 240

Need: The new RTI Complex, in addition to increases in the overall training man days has 241

resulted in increases to the transient troop population. The PX Expansion is necessary for 242

adequate troop support and MWR. 243

Description: The proposed PX Expansion is a 4.01-acre site located adjacent to the existing PX 244

footprint, as shown in Figure 2.9. The existing PX building (Building 2204, a temporary WWII 245

wood-frame structure) would be updated and expanded to include new interior square footage to 246

provide more goods and additional services to the growing troop population on Post. 247

A portion of the proposed project site is comprised of revegetated mixed stands of conifers and 248

deciduous species, which would be removed. Adjacent uses to the south and east include a 249

variety of administrative, residential, recreational, and maintenance activities supporting military 250

personnel and activities on the Post, including WWII temporary wood-frame buildings 251

(Buildings 2205, 2208-2211, 2217-20, 2226-2227) located to the southwest and southeast of the 252

proposed project area. Areas to the north and west of the project area are unused. Some 253

evidence of former development remains in the proposed project area, in the form of roads/trails, 254

and existing and abandoned utility infrastructure. The proposed Dining Facility Site B is located 255

to the northeast of this project area. 256

The expansion may include lighting, HVAC, electrical, and plumbing improvements. 257

Additionally, a paved patio would be added to the existing building to be used as an outdoor 258

eating area with picnic tables. 259




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2.2.7 Directorate of Logistics (DOL) Troop Warehouse 260

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to construct a warehouse in the Cantonment 261

Area to be used as a DOL Troop Warehouse. 262

Need: The existing WWII wood-frame warehouses on MTCFP are inadequate and unsafe for the 263

needs of DOL. The current/future mission of MTCFP and increases in training and troop 264

population requires a modern, efficient logistic supply system. There is not an existing 265

warehouse for DOL use to provide the materials and supplies needed for effective training 266

operations. 267

Description: The proposed DOL Troop Warehouse is a 9.90-acre site located along Warehouse 268

Street, as shown in Figure 2.10. This location is a revegetated mixed stand of conifers and 269

deciduous species directly east of the MTCFP main gate. The timber stands would be removed. 270

No existing standing structures are located within the proposed project area. The proposed 271

Visitor Control Center will be located to the west of this project area. 272

Adjacent uses to the south include undeveloped portions of Fort Pickett as well as administrative, 273

warehouse, equipment and materiel storage, and maintenance activities supporting military 274

personnel and activities on the Post. Blackstone Army Airfield is located to the east, while areas 275

to the west and north are unused. Some evidence of former development remains in the 276

proposed project area, in the form of roads/trails, and existing and abandoned utility 277

infrastructure. The facility would be a metal building constructed on a concrete slab consisting 278

of an open warehouse with some office space. 279

2.2.8 DPW Stormwater Improvements 280

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to improve and upgrade the outdated 281

stormwater collection system in the vicinity of the existing DPW compound. 282

Need: Runoff from this area is a contributing factor to the degradation of water quality in 283

Hurricane Branch, a tributary of the Nottoway River (CMI, 2008). The stormwater collection 284

system upgrades are needed to improve the water quality of Hurricane Branch and are a part of 285

MTCFP's implementation of best management practices (BMPs). 286




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Description: The proposed DPW Stormwater Improvements are located within and adjacent to 287

the existing DPW complex and a softball field near the intersection of 9th Street and Rives Road 288

as shown in Figure 2.11. The project encompasses approximately 30.21 acres and may include 289

the replacement or installation of additional drop inlets, underground stormwater piping, 290

culverts, curb and gutter, sidewalks, drainage swales and the construction of a retention basin. 291

The project may also include the repaving of areas that area damaged, new paving on areas that 292

are currently gravel covered and revegetation of areas that are bare. 293

There are several WWII temporary wood frame structures and warehouses within the project 294

area (Buildings 207-216, 218, 220, 222, AT229, 229B, 229-230, 232, 234, 239-240, 242), none 295

of which will be affected by the proposed action of improving and upgrading the stormwater 296

collection systems. The site is adjacent to MATES facilities to the north, warehouses and a 297

railhead to the east and administrative and maintenance activities to the south. The area west of 298

the site is unused. The proposed Post Headquarters complex is to the southwest of this project 299

area. 300

2.2.9 Medical Detachment Facility 301

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to construct a new facility to house the Medical 302

Detachment. 303

Need: The Medical Detachment is currently housed in Buildings 1866/1867 as a temporary 304

location. The Medical Detachment recently received its own Unit Identification Code (UIC) and 305

requires a permanent facility. 306

Description: The Medical Detachment manages medical assets across the Commonwealth and 307

facilitates Soldier health assessments either through in-house resources or through contracting 308

mechanisms. Medical Detachment conducts Soldier Readiness Processing for overseas 309

deployments and maintains Soldier health records. The Medical Detachment Facility is 310

proposed to be located on an open 4.10-acre site along Kemper Avenue where there is one 311

standing structure (Bldg 1368, built 2002) as shown in Figure 2.12. This building will be 312

demolished and a new facility constructed to house the Medical Detachment. 313




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Adjacent areas to the west, north, and east are used for administrative, residential, and 314

maintenance activities supporting military personnel and activities on the Post. The area to the 315

south is unused. 316

The structure(s) would be permanent, utilizing masonry type construction: exterior walls of brick 317




fiberglass shingles). The facility would consist of a single or multi-story structure or structures 321

with ventilation, heating and air-conditioning. Supporting facilities would include military and 322

privately owned vehicle parking, fencing, sidewalks, exterior fire protection, outside lighting, 323

access roads, detached facility signs, utilities, and stormwater retention. Physical security 324

measures would be incorporated into the design including maximum feasible standoff distance 325

from roads, parking areas, and vehicle unloading areas, berms, heavy landscaping, and bollards 326

to prevent access when standoff distance cannot be maintained. Cost effective energy 327

conserving features will be incorporated into the design, including energy management control 328

systems and high efficiency motors, lighting, and HVAC systems. 329

2.2.10 Dining Facility (DFAC) 330

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to construct a new dining facility to serve 331

increased troop population from the 183rd

RTI. 332

Need: Existing DFACs located on MTCFP are outdated and in need of renovation. 333

Additionally, there are not enough DFACs currently on MTCFP to support the troop population 334

utilizing the RTI. 335

Description: The proposed DFAC has two potential locations; Site A and Site B as shown in 336

Figure 2.13. Site A is an open 3.24-acre site located adjacent to the intersection of East Parade 337

Avenue and Hospital Road, north of the RTI Facilities. There are currently no standing 338

structures on this site. Site B is a 6.01-acre site located along Hospital Road just west of the RTI 339

Facilities. This area is revegetated with a mixed stand of conifers and deciduous species, which 340

would be harvested. There are no standing structures within this proposed location for the 341

Dining Facility. 342




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The Dining Facility A location is adjacent to a classroom training activity to the northwest and 343

the RTI complex to the east and south. To the north is an open unused area and to the southwest 344

is an unused area revegetated with a mixed stand of conifers and deciduous species. The 345

proposed Post Exchange expansion is further to the southwest, while the other proposed Dining 346

Facility location (Dining Facility B) is to the south, south of the RTI complex. 347

The Dining Facility B location is adjacent to the RTI complex on the north and east, with 348

undeveloped and unused areas to the south and west. The Dining Facility A location is to the 349

north, the proposed Post Exchange expansion to the southwest, and the proposed Sports/Baseball 350

Complex to the east, across the softball fields displaced by the development of the RTI complex. 351

The type of facility constructed would remain the same at either location. The structure(s) would 352

be permanent, utilizing masonry type construction: exterior walls of brick with concrete masonry 353

unit backup or other suitable systems; walls and partitions of drywall, block, or other 354

economically suitable material; concrete floors; and roof systems of low slope (metal standing 355

seam roof) or hip or gable type construction (metal standing seam, asphalt or fiberglass shingles). 356

The facility would consist of a single or multi-story structure or structures with ventilation, 357

heating and air-conditioning. Supporting facilities would include military and privately owned 358

vehicle parking, fencing, sidewalks, exterior fire protection, outside lighting, access roads, 359

detached facility signs, utilities, and stormwater retention. Physical security measures would be 360




incorporated into the design, including energy management control systems and high efficiency 364


2.2.11 Post Headquarters (HQ) 366

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to construct a new Post HQ facility to house the 367

Post Commander and support staff offices. 368

Need: The Post HQ is currently located in Building 472 along Military Road. This building is 369

outdated and does not provide the operationally and technologically secure facilities required for 370

the Post HQ offices. 371




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Description: The proposed Post HQ is a 9.99-acre site located on the west side of Military Road 372

between 8th

and 10th

Streets as shown in Figure 2.14. The proposed location is a revegetated area 373

consisting of a mixed stand of conifers and deciduous species. This area would be timbered. 374

There are no standing structures in the project area. 375

Adjacent areas to the north, west, and south are wooded and unused; administrative and storage 376

activities supporting military personnel and activities on the Post are found to the east. Adjacent 377

Nottoway County property to the southeast of the project area, Pickett Park, is planned for a mix 378

of commercial, office and institutional uses. Some evidence of former development remains in 379

the proposed project area, in the form of roads/trails, and existing and abandoned utility 380

infrastructure. Proposed DPW Stormwater Improvements are located to the northeast of this 381

project area, while the proposed Visitor Control Center is located to the north and the proposed 382

Conference Center is located to the south, both along the west side of Military Road. 383

The structure(s) would be permanent, utilizing masonry type construction: exterior walls of brick 384




fiberglass shingles). The facility would consist of a single or multi-story structure or structures 388

with ventilation, heating and air-conditioning. Supporting facilities would include military and 389

privately owned vehicle parking, fencing, sidewalks, exterior fire protection, outside lighting, 390

access roads, detached facility signs, utilities, and stormwater retention. Physical security 391

measures would be incorporated into the design including maximum feasible standoff distance 392

from roads, parking areas, and vehicle unloading areas, berms, heavy landscaping, and bollards 393

to prevent access when standoff distance cannot be maintained. Cost effective energy 394

conserving features will be incorporated into design, including energy management control 395

systems and high efficiency motors, lighting, and HVAC systems. 396

2.2.12 Directorate of Public Works (DPW) Facilities 397

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to construct a new facility to house the 398

Directorate of Public Works. 399




2-15

Need: The existing DPW is located in WWII temporary style buildings. These buildings are 400

significantly outdated and do not provide adequate facilities for the execution of the mission of 401

the DPW. 402

Description: The location for the proposed DPW Facilities is an 8.14-acre site located along 403

Garnett Avenue, as shown in Figure 2.15, which is more centrally located within the cantonment 404

area to provide better customer service. It would include the construction of one (1) 405

administrative/office building, and multiple shop buildings for the storage and maintenance of 406

equipment including: tractors, mowers, small-engine equipment, vehicles, etc. 407

The proposed location consists of a revegetated area consisting of a mixed stand of conifers and 408

deciduous species, with the southern third of the project location a cleared open field. The 409

northern two thirds of the project area would be timbered. There are no standing structures in the 410

proposed project area. 411

Adjacent areas to the north, east and west are wooded and unused. The area to the south is used 412

for administrative and maintenance activities (Buildings 1896-1898, 2229) supporting military 413

personnel and activities on the Post. Some evidence of former development remains in the 414

proposed project area, in the form of roads/trails, and existing and abandoned utility 415

infrastructure. The proposed Morale, Welfare and Recreation project is located to the northwest, 416

while the Blackstone Water Treatment facility is located further to the southwest. Use of this 417

location would not affect or be affected by the water treatment facility. 418

The administrative/office building structure(s) would be permanent, utilizing masonry type 419

construction: exterior walls of brick with concrete masonry unit backup or other suitable 420

systems; walls and partitions of drywall, block, or other economically suitable material; concrete 421

floors; and roof systems of low slope (metal standing seam roof) or hip or gable type 422

construction (metal standing seam, asphalt or fiberglass shingles). The shop building structure(s) 423

would be permanent, utilizing metal frame type construction: exterior walls of metal siding 424

systems; walls and partitions of drywall, block, or other economically suitable material; concrete 425

floors; and roof systems of low slope (metal standing seam roof) or hip or gable type 426

construction (metal standing seam, asphalt or fiberglass shingles). The facility would consist of 427

a single or multi-story structure or structures with ventilation, heating and air-conditioning. 428

Supporting facilities would include military and privately owned vehicle parking, fencing, 429




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sidewalks, exterior fire protection, outside lighting, access roads, detached facility signs, utilities, 430

and stormwater retention. Physical security measures would be incorporated into the design 431

including maximum feasible standoff distance from roads, parking areas, and vehicle unloading 432

areas, berms, heavy landscaping, and bollards to prevent access when standoff distance cannot be 433

maintained. Cost effective energy conserving features will be incorporated into the design, 434

including energy management control systems and high efficiency motors, lighting, and HVAC 435

systems. 436

2.3 TRAINING FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 437

2.3.1 Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Runway 438

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to use a portion of Gettysburg Road in the 439

vicinity of Firing Point (FP) 43B as a new UAS runway. 440

Need: There are existing UAS runways at FP 53A/B and Castles ALZ and a taxiway near the 441

hangar at BAAF. However, since the previous Mission EA was completed, the amount of UAS 442

utilization at the installation has quadrupled, and more capacity is required to effectively train 443

with the UAS options currently in use on MTCFP. 444

Description: The proposed UAS Runway location is a stretch of Gettysburg Road in the vicinity 445

of FP 43B, an open area in the west central portion of MTCFP, close to the Post boundary, as 446

shown in Figure 2.17. There are no standing structures in this proposed project location, and 447

adjacent areas are also open and unused. No construction is anticipated, as the existing roadway 448

will be used. 449

2.4 POST OPERATIONS AND MILITARY TRAINING ACTIVITIES 450

The Town of Blackstone is located approximately two miles west of MTCFP. Generally, all 451

lands adjacent to the Post are in agricultural or forestry uses, with widely scattered residences. 452

Pickett Park is surrounded by the airfield, cantonment area, and training areas of the Post. 453

Military land within the boundary of MTCFP is generally classified as either cantonment area or 454

training areas. The cantonment area supports a range of administrative, industrial, residential, 455

and recreational facilities to serve units training at the Post. Training activities within the 456




2-17

cantonment area are generally limited to classroom activities, drill activities, and other personnel 457

and unit development actions. 458

Training areas are further classified as either unrestricted military munitions and maneuver 459

training area, or restricted areas. Restricted access areas include the Subsurface Hazard Area, 460

and certain areas hosting rare, threatened, or endangered species, riparian buffers, and other 461

significant environmental or recreational features. The Subsurface Hazard Area (SHA) supports 462

all live-fire activities. A portion of the SHA, designated as the High Hazard Area (HHA), serves 463

as a target box for explosive ordnance, and is the only portion of MTCFP that is permanently 464

unavailable for maneuver training activities due to the presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO). 465

2.4.1 Mission Support Activities 466

Purpose: There are four Mission Support activity types, including Forest Resource Management, 467

Grounds Maintenance, Demolition, and Wildlife Habitat Enhancement, that are conducted at 468

MTCFP on a regular basis. The purpose for including these activities in this EA is to address 469

those that take place on a regular basis so that individual NEPA documents are not necessary for 470

each individual action. The purpose of the activities is to ensure that the maneuver training and 471

support areas remain accessible and viable to support future training and mission requirements. 472

Additionally, these activities effectively integrate environmental stewardship principles and 473

conservation management practices into training practices. 474

Need: These activities are needed to support the maintenance of the training and support areas in 475

an environmentally sound manner to ensure no net loss of training capabilities. The effective 476

integration of environmental stewardship principles into training land and conservation 477

management practices ensures that VaARNG land remains viable to support future training and 478

mission requirements 479

Description: Mission support activities may occur at any location within the Post boundary. 480

Support activities are oriented to maintaining the infrastructure needed for Post operations, and 481

occur within the cantonment area, along transportation or utility corridors throughout the Post, 482

and in wooded areas at various locations throughout the Post. Generally, mission support 483

activities are for the purpose of harvesting timber or maintaining or repairing infrastructure that 484

supports existing land uses, and do not change actual land use. There are four activity types 485




2-18

including Forest Resource Management (timber harvests, reforestation, forest maintenance, 486

prescribed burning and forest pest control activities), Grounds Maintenance (culvert repair, 487

installation of stormwater conveyances, bridges, low water crossings, roads and trails, mowing, 488

and rights of way), Demolition activities (building demolition), and Wildlife Habitat 489

Enhancement normally conducted under the purview of the DPW. 490

Forest Resource Management is conducted to maintain a healthy forest resource within a 491

dynamic land management environment in order to sustainably meet present and future military 492

training requirements. All forest management activities are undertaken in compliance with 493

principles identified in the MTCFP INRMP, and following appropriate consultation with VAFM-494

E. 495

Activities: 496

i. Timber harvesting includes silvicultural prescriptions like: clear-cutting, thinning or 497

partial cutting within selected stands to meet forest resource management, military 498

training or construction land management objectives. Timber harvesting activity may 499

include the development of equipment access roads and skid trails. Timber harvesting is 500

conducted in accordance with a planned five-year strategic plan that is refined to a one-501

year tactical plan. Unplanned harvests may occasionally be approved to address 502

unforeseen events such as weather damage, insect infestations, and unplanned military 503

mission needs. 504

ii. Reforestation may involve site preparation and tree planting to allow for the successful 505

establishment of a young forest once a mature forest stand has been silviculturally clear-506

cut or to convert a sensitive area to a forest landscape in order to protect a natural 507

resource. 508

iii. Forest Maintenance may involve the use of fire, chemical and mechanical means of weed 509

control for forest habitat enhancement, improved forest health, productivity and access. 510

It may also include soil amelioration techniques like bio-solid and fertilizer applications. 511

iv. Prescribed Burning is used to reduce fire risk, stimulate wildlife habitat, control 512

undesirable species, stimulate desirable species and improve the forest landscape. 513

Maintenance of fire-breaks is necessary forest fire prevention and may include fire, 514

chemical and mechanical strategies. 515




2-19

v. Forest Pest Control is used to control unwanted invasive plants, diseases and insects that 516

disrupt the biological and military training integrity of the forest resource. 517

Grounds Maintenance activities may include repair of existing infrastructure, including culverts, 518

bridges, concrete crossings, low-water crossings, roads and trails, vegetation maintenance 519

(mowing and brush removal along rights of way), and the installation of new stormwater 520

conveyances including culverts. Repair activities are limited to maintenance, rehabilitation, or 521

repair of existing structures, generally within the footprint of these existing structures. Activities 522

are undertaken either as routine scheduled events, or in response to damage caused by acts of 523

nature or other unforeseen events. Installation of new culverts is completed in accordance with 524

the MTCFP Watershed Analysis and Culvert Recommendations Plan. These activities are 525

undertaken in compliance with the principles identified in the MTCFP INRMP, which requires 526

appropriate consultation with numerous state and federal agencies. 527

Demolition activities include the removal and disposal of numerous structures, some of which 528

remain from the original development of Camp Pickett during World War II. Debris is typically 529

disposed of at a local landfill. Demolition activities are guided by the principles of the MTCFP 530

INRMP, the VaARNG ICRMP, and the Army Regulation (Department of the Army, 1998b) 531

addressing demolition of buildings and structures. Demolition activities are initiated following 532

consultation with VAFM-E. 533

Wildlife Habitat Enhancement activities include silvicultural activities, establishment and 534

maintenance of forage areas, and maintenance of cover such as riparian buffer areas and stands 535

of dense cover. Most portions of MTCFP are open to some form of hunting, except three areas, 536

which are off limits to all use because of unexploded ordnance. Habitat enhancement activities 537

are coordinated with, and are guided by the MTCFP INRMP. Hunting and fishing on the post 538

are controlled by Fort Pickett Regulation 210-11. The goal is to provide a framework for 539

professional fish and wildlife management that does not interfere with the military mission, and 540

to integrate management with other natural and environmental resources. 541

2.4.2 Mission Training Activities 542

Purpose: MTCFP is a Joint Maneuver Training Center utilized by the National Guard and 543

Reserve Components. Tenant activities include the 183rd

Regional Training Institute, the 80th

544




2-20

Training Division (USAR), 157th

Engineer Quarry Detachment, 34th

Civil Support Team, Navy 545

Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) II, Naval Special Warfare Group 2, and Navy Seabees. 546

MTCFP is designated as the First Army Regional Home Station Training Site. MTCFP provides 547

ranges and maneuver training areas principally designed to support transient DoD customer units 548

and is also tasked with supporting reserve and active component training from the Mid-Atlantic 549

region as well as numerous federal and state law enforcement agencies. 550

Maneuver training may be conducted at any unrestricted location within MTCFP’s 551

approximately 42,000-acre training area. Approval of training activities and locations is strictly 552

controlled through a review and approval process based on MTCFP, National Guard, and Army 553

regulations that includes coordination with key environmental responsibility centers. Because of 554

the variety of training activities, the need to provide flexibility in designing training events, and 555

the large area available for training activities, preparation of NEPA documentation for each 556

proposed training event would create untimely delays in the scheduling of training. The purpose 557

for including these activities in this EA is to address those that take place on a regular basis so 558

that individual NEPA documents are not necessary for each action. 559

Need: As opposed to virtual and constructive training, live training involves physical interaction 560

with personnel, weapons, equipment, and the environment. At MTCFP this includes a variety of 561

operations such as mounted and dismounted maneuver, engineer activities, support and 562

sustainment, direct and indirect live-fire, air operations, waterborne operations, and 563

defense/survivability. In essence, this includes any activities involving shoot, move, and 564

communicate skills. MTCFP training activities may include the construction of temporary 565

defensive positions or staging areas, provision of temporary water crossings, maneuver through 566

difficult terrain, and operations that deny the enemy control of the battlefield. In order to provide 567

maximum flexibility and timeliness to unit commanders, the VaARNG training approval process 568

includes consideration of the environmental effects of proposed actions. Approval of training 569

activities includes adequate consideration of potential environmental hazards and environmental 570

impacts, and includes mitigation measures, as needed, to avoid adverse impacts. 571

Description: This proposed action addresses activities that are routinely conducted throughout 572

the Fort Pickett training area under the purview of DPTS. The MTCFP RCMP goes into further 573

detail of the training capabilities of the installation. A general description of some of the more 574




2-21

prominent activities is provided in sections 2.3.3-2.3.5. The action would establish the current 575

MTCFP “Request For Training Support” process as a sufficient environmental review for 576

compliance with NEPA under this EA. The action will ensure that existing Army and National 577

Guard as well as federal and state environmental requirements are complied with during the 578

planning and execution of routine training events described herein. Local documents also 579

include the MTCFP INRMP, the VaARNG ICRMP, the Fort Pickett Hazardous Waste 580

Management Plan, the Integrated Contingency Plan (ICP), Fort Pickett Regulation 350-2, and the 581

VaARNG Environmental Management System (eMS). 582

2.4.3 Controlled Access Area Live-Fire Maneuver Training Area Activities 583

Purpose: The purpose of this proposed action is to continue operation in a training area that will 584

give units the ability to conduct live-fire, maneuver, and engineer operations. The Controlled 585

Access Area Live-Fire Maneuver Training Area (CAA-MTA) is an existing training location. 586

The purpose for its inclusion in the EA is to address the activities that take place there on a 587

regular basis so that individual NEPA documents are not necessary for each training event. 588

Need: Units mobilizing for wartime missions are directed by the First Army Commander to 589

perform and complete specific training tasks before the unit may deploy, which includes live-fire 590

training. The CAA-MTA allows units to conduct live-fire training in convoy operations, 591

helicopter door gunnery, engineer breach lanes, defense, aerial gunnery, and combined arms 592

operations. This area allows units to conduct live-fire training and maneuver operations 593

concurrently, which provides a more realistic training experience. This training resource is also 594

available to units not deploying. These realistic training opportunities are not readily available at 595

many installations due to external encroachment, but are a necessity to the new training mission 596

of the Army. 597

Description: The CAA-MTA is located entirely within the SHA. Land use within the SHA is 598

dedicated entirely to military training activities involving the use of live weapons systems 599

ranging from small arms to large-caliber ground and air assault weaponry. An area of 600

approximately two kilometers by four kilometers, the High Hazard Area (HHA) is provided as a 601

target box for explosive ordnance, and access to the area is tightly controlled due to the potential 602




2-22

presence of unexploded rounds. The remainder of the area is available for unit training 603

activities. 604

Adjacent areas to the north, west, and south of the CAALF-MTA are training areas of MTCFP 605

that are available for maneuver training. The area to the east is privately held land of a generally 606

rural character. Scattered rural residences are associated with agricultural lands interspersed 607

with forested areas. 608

Live-fire training associated with the CAA-MTA takes place within the limits of Fort Pickett 609

restricted airspace (R6602, see Figure 2.1). Live-fire training activities associated with the 610

CAA-MTA are completely contained within R6602. This area allows for combined arms live-611

fire exercises with other combat arms units. Some examples of what these activities entail 612

follows: 613

Helicopter Door Gunnery – This feature consists of a 2400 meter gunnery course with 614

multiple soft targets consisting of soft skin vehicles, simulated communications, missile 615

and personnel targets that can be engaged by rotary wing aircraft with 7.62mm weapons 616

from both doors. The course is utilized by a maximum of 5 aircraft in a trail formation. 617

Aircraft can fly, land, and take off in the area. 618

Maneuver Lanes – This training consists of convoy lanes, mounted and dismounted 619

offense, static defensive positions, close combat attack and close air support. Features 620

include roads with multiple soft targets consisting of soft skin vehicles, simulated 621

communications, missile and personnel targets that can be engaged with 7.62mm and 622

below weapons. M2 50.cal machine gun firing may be conducted in the southern 623

engagement area. 624

Engineer Breach Lane - This feature consists of a 2km x 2km lane that will encompass 625

engineer live fire exercises including antipersonnel obstacle breaching systems (APOBS), 626

M58 mine clearing line charges (MICLIC), Bangalore torpedoes, demolition training and 627

Water Breaching (Floating and Dry Gap). This exercise area allows for Combined Arms 628

Live Fire Exercise with other Combat Arms units. 629

Engineer Lanes - This training allows units to conduct live-fire mobility, countermobility 630

and survivability training. This includes the employment of Anti-Personnel Obstacle 631

Breaching Systems (APOBS), M58 Mine Clearing Line Charges (MICLIC), Bangalore 632

torpedoes, demolition (cratering and breaching), and gap bridging (floating and dry gap). 633

Gunboat Lanes – Two large waterbodies (Birchin Lake and Sheepslog) exist within the 634

area that can accommodate waterborne gunnery from 7.62mm and below weapons. 635




2-23

2.4.4 Air Operations 636

Purpose: MTCFP manages the largest block of Army Special Use Airspace (SUA) in the mid-637

Atlantic region, specifically; it is the largest block from the North Carolina border to Fort Drum 638

in western New York and second only to the Farmville Military Operations Area (MOA) that is 639

managed by the United States Air Force (USAF). There are two types of SUA managed by Fort 640

Pickett; the restricted area (R6602, which is divided into three vertical layers) and the MOAs 641

(see Figures 2.1 and 2.16). The installation staff has further increased the training value to the 642

aviation community through completion of the Multipurpose Range Complex (MPRC), Infantry 643

Platoon Battle Course (IPBC), sloped landing training area, pinnacle landing area and additional 644

landing zones, and an expanded low level route structure developed in conjunction with the 645

Helicopter Sea Combat Weapons School. 646

Need: Since the previous EA, the amount of UAS utilization at the installation has quadrupled. 647

VaARNG is fielded with the RQ-7 Shadow and RQ-11 Raven UAS. Other services training at 648

MTCFP employ a wider variety of UAS from Class I through Class III to include the RQ-8B 649

Fire Scout and larger systems such as the RQ-4 Global Hawk and Eagle Eye. The blocks of 650

SUA under MTCFP’s management are not large by the standards in the western states but are 651

key to the continuing training of all the military forces in the mid-Atlantic region, such as the 652

VaARNG’s own 224th

Aviation Battalion, Army rotary wing units from nearby installations, 653

Navy helicopters and jets operating from Naval Air Station (NAS) Norfolk and NAS Oceana, 654

and the Marines stationed at Camp Lejeune, Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) New River and 655

MCAS Cherry Point. The distance from base to target area is beneficial for these forces and is 656

crucial to the training conducted by the Helicopter Sea Combat Weapons School and aircraft 657

assigned to the 2d and 4th

Marine air wings. It follows that the subordinate or operational 658

squadrons also are very interested in continuing their tactical training efforts at MTCFP. 659

Description: Air operations include aerial delivery and movement of troops, cargo and 660

equipment, close combat attack and reconnaissance and target acquisition. Fixed and rotary 661

wing, and manned and unmanned aircraft utilize MTCFP twenty-four hours a day 365 days a 662

year from ground level to 18,000 feet AGL. The following paragraphs describe some of the 663

operations conducted and the airspace above and around the installation. 664




2-24

The MOAs contain high performance aircraft conducting tactical training; normally exceeding 665

the national speed limit below 10,000 feet AGL. Passage by aircraft operating under visual 666

flight rules is not restricted, although aircraft operating under instrument flight rules will not be 667

allowed into the area while high performance aircraft are operating. 668

UAS are operated in MTCFP airspace on an increasing frequency. The RQ-7A/B Shadow 200 669

Shadow is a small lightweight Tactical UA System (TUAS) designed as a ground maneuver 670

commander’s primary day or night reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition system. The 671

Shadow is launched conventionally from a runway or from a vehicle-towed catapult launcher. 672

Shadow employment is flexible and can be tailored to support operations down to 673

company/squad level. The RQ-11B Raven, also known as the Small Unmanned Aircraft System 674

(SUAS), is dedicated to providing aerial reconnaissance and surveillance to the lowest elements, 675

such as a company commander. This man-portable, hand launched, battery operated UAS 676

provides a mobile system that can serve as the eyes of the ground commander by providing low 677

altitude on-demand situational awareness, and enhancing force protection and security. UAS 678

runways are necessary to launch certain vehicles. Locations of current (FP 53 A/B; taxiway near 679

hangar at BAAF; Castles ALZ) and proposed (FP 43B) runways are shown in Figure 2.17. UAS 680

are also used to deliver ordnance. 681

The restricted area (R6602) is a block of airspace, that when activated contains activities that are 682

hazardous to non-participating entities. It is used to contain explosives, direct fire and indirect 683

fired weapons systems and their training activities. This includes the expenditure of training 684

ordnance from rotary winged aircraft and dropping of inert missiles, bombs or bullets from high 685

performance aircraft or aerial delivery of ordnance from USAF special operations aircraft. 686

The Marines bring the Osprey and the MTCFP range operations staff is beginning to see this new 687

aircraft in increasing numbers due to operational issues at their home station and local training 688

facilities. They are expanding their reach for new locations at which to train and MTCFP is 689

ideally suited; meeting their requirements for landing areas, low background light, flight time 690

and isolation from major population areas. 691

The other aviation piece of MTCFP and not directly or necessarily related to the SUA is 692

Blackstone Army Airfield (BAAF). The main runway, although short for routine commercial or 693

military operations, is designed for short field aircraft such as the C-130 and the C-17. The 694




2-25

ability to conduct tactical assault training during periods of darkness in a low traffic density area 695

is essential to aircrew training. Concurrently they may also conduct airborne operations 696

exercising any number of aerial delivery skills; this makes MTCFP very beneficial to the training 697

units along with the central location for C-17 units from Charleston Air Force Base (AFB), South 698

Carolina, Dover AFB, Delaware and McGuire AFB, New Jersey. Marine Corps units with 699

assigned C-130 variant come from MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina, Stewart ANG Base, 700

New York and Air Guard or Air Force Reserve units in Wisconsin, Ohio and West Virginia. 701

2.4.5 Asymmetric Warfare Training Activities 702

Purpose: The purpose of conducting asymmetric training activities is to prepare the warfighter 703

to win on today’s diverse battlefield. MTCFP is constantly evaluating the emerging training 704

doctrine in an effort to provide its users with adequate training facilities. It would be impossible 705

to forecast, or even include every training activity during the time period covered by this EA, but 706

a general description is provided here for analysis of the major changes and ongoing activities 707

since the previous EA. The purpose for inclusion in this EA is to address the activities that take 708

place on a regular basis so that individual NEPA documents are not necessary for each training 709

event. Many of these training facilities were adequately covered under previous NEPA 710

documents and are included here as a consolidating effort for informational purposes only. 711

Need: The need simply put is to ensure the technical and tactical readiness of personnel to 712

conduct full spectrum operations and respond to unexpected contingencies. 713

Description: A brief description of activities occurring as part of the asymmetric training 714

mission at MTCFP follows: The Counter Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) Defeat Lane is 715

located in the southwestern portion of the installation and includes small mock villages, 716

abandoned vehicles, and road networks designed to simulate semi-urban environments where 717

IEDs are essentially detected and defeated. The Combined Arms Collective Training Facility 718

(CACTF) is an urban warfare training suite consisting of building complexes, a shoot house, and 719

an urban assault course. The Forward Operating Base (FOB) training site can house battalion 720

sized units and provides all the features that would be found in a similar facility overseas 721

(laundry, showers, dining, etc). Indirect Firing Areas are areas of general clearing located 722

throughout the installation and designed to facilitate mortar and artillery systems firing ordnance 723




2-26

into the high hazard dudded impact area. The IPBC is a 300-acre live fire range with Stationary 724

Infantry Targets, Moving Infantry Targets, Stationary Armor Targets, and Moving Armor Target 725

300 meters long. It includes Infantry Hostile Fire Simulators which can play Battle sounds as 726

well as Battle Effects simulators on the range. The MPRC is designed to accommodate tank 727

table firing, small arms, and aerial gunnery with stationary and moving targets at ranges out to 728

3000 meters. The remainder of the MTCFP range complex consists of over 20 direct fire and 729

demolition training facilities all situated within the non-dudded dedicated impact area. Human 730

and non-human role players are frequently used to enhance training realism. 731

2.4.6 Integrated Training Area Management (ITAM) Program 732

Purpose: The ITAM Program is one element of the Army's Sustainable Range Program (SRP). 733

The SRP is the Army’s overall approach to improving the way in which it designs, manages, and 734

uses its ranges to meet its Title 10 mission training responsibilities. The core programs of the 735

SRP are the Range and Training Land Program (RTLP) and the ITAM Program. The RTLP 736

consists of range modernization and range operations, and the ITAM Program consists of land 737

management and land maintenance. The SRP core programs are integrated with the facilities 738

management, environmental management, munitions management, and safety program functions 739

that support the doctrinal capability to ensure the availability and accessibility of Army ranges 740

and training lands. 741

In accordance with the Army ITAM strategy, the VaARNG will manage land in a sound manner 742

to ensure no net loss of training capabilities and support current and future training and mission 743

requirements. The effective integration of stewardship principles into training land and 744

conservation management practices ensures that VaARNG land remains viable to support future 745

training and mission requirements (Department of the Army, 2007). ITAM is an existing 746

program; therefore the purpose for its inclusion in the EA is to address the activities that take 747

place on a regular basis so that individual NEPA documents are not necessary for each action. 748

Need: In order to maintain and sustain land for future training and uphold environmental 749

stewardship responsibilities, the Army has identified a consistent uniform training land 750

management strategy (VaARNG 2001a). ITAM establishes procedures to achieve optimum, 751

sustainable use of training lands by implementing a uniform land management program that 752




2-27

includes maintaining an accurate inventory and monitoring land conditions, integrating training 753

requirements with training land carrying capacity, educating land users to minimize adverse 754

impacts, and providing for training land rehabilitation and maintenance. These activities have 755

not been found to cause significant adverse impacts as defined by NEPA. 756

Description: The ITAM Program establishes a systematic framework for decision-making and 757

management of Army training lands. It integrates elements of operational, environmental, 758

master planning, and other programs that identify and assess land use alternatives. The ITAM 759

Program also supports sound natural and cultural resources management practices and 760

stewardship of land assets, while sustaining those assets to support training, testing, and other 761

installation missions. 762

ITAM activities occur throughout the training areas of MTCFP, and are focused on maintaining 763

and rehabilitating the training areas to provide for on-going use by units training at the Post. 764

ITAM does not alter land use. 765

Elements of the ITAM Program at MTCFP include: 766

Range and Training Land Assessment (RTLA): data gathering component of the ITAM 767

program to survey and monitor conditions of training areas. To accomplish this mission, 768

MTCFP inventories and monitors natural resource conditions and manages and analyzes 769

natural resource information. Results are pertinent to management of training and testing 770

lands from training area to installation scales and provides input to decisions that promote 771

sustained and multiple uses on the land. The RTLA Program evaluates relationships 772

between training land use and condition through the collection of physical and biological 773

resource data. Some range and training land assessments are long term, while others are 774

relatively short. Key to RTLA success is the evaluation of collected data. Analysis of 775

these data drives program success. 776

Training Requirements Integration (TRI): the decision and management procedures to 777

integrate training requirements with land management, training management, natural and 778

cultural resource management, and RTLA data. TRI supports MTCFP’s requirements for 779

environmentally sustainable training lands. TRI improves coordination and facilitates 780

cooperation, decision-making, and allocation by providing uniform information regarding 781

land conditions, trends, and any necessary modification of requirements. The TRI goals 782

are achieved when training, testing, and environmental requirements are balanced in the 783

decision-making process. 784

Land Rehabilitation and Maintenance (LRAM): the implementation of preventive and 785

corrective land maintenance practices to sustain the overall condition of installation 786

lands. To achieve LRAM objectives, MTCFP identifies and executes projects to either 787

prevent or solve specific problems. For example, the loss of a natural cover (e.g., 788

vegetation) on a steep slope used for training maneuvers can increase the amount of soil 789




2-28

erosion, affect the safe use of, and/or create a sediment build-up in or near a wetland. By 790

combining re-vegetation with redesign of the training area, LRAM prevents recurrence of 791

the problem. 792

Sustainable Range Awareness (SRA): provides a means to prevent damage to natural and 793

cultural resources through educating military land users (VaARNG 2001a). SRA is a 794

proactive strategy that educates military land users and land managers by: 795

Educating land users and managers on how their training, testing, and 796

other activities impact the environment. 797

Teaching them how to reduce the potential for inflicting avoidable impacts 798

on range and training land assets, including the local natural and cultural 799

resources. 800

Instilling a sense of pride and stewardship responsibility to support 801

sustainability goals. 802

Typical project types undertaken to implement the ITAM program include: 803

Preparation and implementation of Erosion and Sediment Control Plans for regulated 804

ground disturbing activities to prevent introduction of sediments into watercourses during 805

construction. 806

Construction and maintenance of concrete (hardened) low-water crossings creates a 807

concrete road surface through a stream or other small water crossing. Water flows freely 808

over the concrete surface. This type of crossing reduces erosion and sedimentation from 809

tanks and other military vehicles crossing streams. 810

Construction and maintenance of non-concrete low water crossings is similar to a 811

hardened crossing, except that type A aggregate interlocking rip-rap is used instead of 812

concrete. 813

Grubbing and clearing stumps after timber harvests. 814

Construction of sediment basins and traps as required by facility designs and training 815

needs helps to intercept stormwater flows and reduce sediment loads that would 816

otherwise enter adjacent streams. 817

Use of Gyrotrack equipment for clearing small timber and brush. The Gyrotrack contains 818

the cutting and mulching equipment in a single vehicle to reduce the machinery required, 819

thus avoiding unneeded soil disturbance and soil compaction. 820

Shoreline revetment is the placing of stone or other shoreline hardening materials along 821

stream banks that have a high erosion potential. Use of shoreline revetment helps to 822

prevent the introduction of excessive silt and sediment into downstream areas. 823

Best management practices for erosion and sediment control involve a variety of non-824

structural methods for controlling stormwater runoff and the attendant soil erosion. 825

Mechanical grinding entails the onsite grinding or chipping of post timber harvest. Wood 826

chips produced by the grinder are left on site. 827




3-1

SECTION 3.0 1

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED 2

3.1 ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPMENT 3

NEPA and 32 CFR Part 651 require consideration of reasonable alternatives to the proposed 4

action. Only alternatives that would reasonably meet the defined need for the proposed action 5

were considered for detailed analysis in this EA. Alternatives to the proposed action, including 6

the No Action alternative, were considered. All alternatives except the No Action alternative 7

were eliminated from further evaluation for the reasons discussed in Section 3.3. 8

3.2 SCREENING CRITERIA TO ESTABLISH ALTERNATIVES 9

Screening criteria for the proposed actions were established by the VaARNG to determine if 10

alternatives to the proposed actions existed. Screening criteria included: 11

Projects being in one of the following documents: MTCFP Master Plan (2010), the 12

INRMP (2007), the RPDP (2000), the RCMP (2010), LRCP, or FYDP. 13

Reasonable expectation from stakeholders, including the Adjutant General of Virginia, 14

the MTCFP Commander, the MTCFP Range Operations Officer, and the MTCFP 15

Director of Public Works that the project will be carried out in the next five years. 16

Proposed actions must occur on MTCFP to most effectively support the training mission 17

provided by MTCFP; 18

Proposed actions must meet the needs of the military mission as established by 19

Department of the Army training standards; 20

Whenever possible, proposed actions should occur on sites where historic and on-going 21

activities are similar to proposed activities. This would produce no new significant 22

adverse environmental effects. 23

24

25




3-2

3.3 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT ELIMINATED FROM FURTHER STUDY 26

The purpose in identifying alternatives that address both environmental concerns and still meet 27

the underlying purpose and need for the proposed action is to ensure that all options were 28

considered, examined and then systematically eliminated. In this case, one possible alternative is 29

to implement only certain operations and training enhancements listed under the proposed action, 30

rather than all of the actions. While it could be possible to substitute another location off 31

MTCFP for any single listed action, this was considered impractical and unrealistic as it would 32

not meet the stated purpose of consolidating activities within MTCFP. No variable could be 33

identified which would allow development of a manageable set of alternatives for analysis. This 34

type of analysis would also undermine the objectives set for the VaARNG to meet training 35

requirements within the context of its specific military mission, i.e. the use of MTCFP to provide 36

realistic military training that meets Department of the Army standards. Therefore, an off-site 37

alternative was considered open-ended and unreasonable and was eliminated from further 38

analysis. Except for the No Action and the Preferred Alternative, other alternatives are not 39

assessed because they did not meet screening criteria (32 CFR 651.34(d)) (CFR, 2002). 40

3.4 PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE 41

The Proposed Action presented in Section 2.0 is the VaARNG’s preferred alternative. The 42

individual activities that comprise the Proposed Action, although independent of one another, are 43

required for the VaARNG to meet its mission requirements and are, therefore, evaluated together 44

in this EA. Implementation of the actions and activities proposed in these plans would develop 45

the installation into a modern maneuver training center for the ARNG while maintaining or 46

improving the existing natural and socioeconomic conditions of the area. Failure to implement 47

the Proposed Action would not meet Army training standards and requirements, and would 48

prevent the VaARNG and other armed forces units from achieving and maintaining the military 49

mission. 50

51

52

53




3-3

3.5 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE 54

Under the No Action alternative, MTCFP would continue to operate with existing equipment and 55

facilities. The No Action alternative would not implement the preferred alternative. The current 56

baseline conditions are described in Section 4.0 of this EA and serve as a benchmark for 57

evaluations of potential impacts of the proposed action. CEQ regulations and 32 CFR Part 651 58

require consideration of the No Action alternative (CFR, 2002). Implementation of the No 59

Action alternative would undermine the objectives set for the VaARNG by the Department of the 60

Army to provide realistic military training that meets its standards and requirements, preventing 61

the VaARNG and other armed forces units from achieving and maintaining the military mission. 62

Environmental Assessment Future Mission Requirements, MTC Fort Pickett

Virginia Army National Guard Gilmore Environmental Consulting, LLC 4-1

SECTION 4.0 1

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2

Section 4.0 describes the environmental and socioeconomic conditions at MTCFP. It provides 3

information to serve as a baseline from which to identify and evaluate environmental and 4

socioeconomic effects resulting from implementation of the proposed actions. In keeping with 5

the focus of this EA, postwide conditions are described for affected resources in order to provide 6

the foundation for analysis of activities. Following the discussion of postwide conditions, 7

constraints on individual project sites are described, if applicable. Figures detailing the site 8

constraints for each Mission Support Facility project and each Post Operations project and 9

Military Training Activity are presented in the Figures Section following Section 11.0. The 10

effects of the proposed actions and alternatives are discussed in Section 5.0. 11

4.1 LOCATION DESCRIPTION 12

4.1.1 Regional Geographic Setting and Location 13


The installation consists of approximately 42,000 acres within three counties: Brunswick 15

(approximately 7,500 acres), Dinwiddie (approximately 14,000 acres) and Nottoway 16

(approximately 20,500 acres). The installation is located approximately 35 miles west of 17

Petersburg and 60 miles southwest of Richmond on U.S. Route 460 (USACE, 1998) (reference 18

Figure 1.1). All of the activities included in the Proposed Action would occur within the existing 19

boundary of MTCFP and associated airspace (see Figure 2.1). 20

4.1.2 Climate 21

The climate of the Piedmont Province in southern Virginia is characterized as humid subtropical 22

with hot, humid summers and mild winters. The average summer temperature in the MTCFP 23

area is approximately 75 degrees Fahrenheit, with an average daily maximum of approximately 24

87 degrees Fahrenheit. Winter temperatures average approximately 37 degrees Fahrenheit, with 25

an average daily minimum temperature of approximately 25 degrees Fahrenheit. However, 26



extreme temperatures of 106 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer and –16 degrees Fahrenheit in 27

the winter have been recorded. Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, though 28

most of the rain falls in the spring and summer. The total annual precipitation is approximately 29

46 inches and the average seasonal snowfall approximately 11 inches. Temperature and 30

precipitation data recorded from 1973 to 1993 at MTCFP are shown in Table 4.1. The growing 31

season averages 191 days, with the average frost-free period extending from mid-April to late 32

October. 33

Table 4.1 Temperature and Precipitation (Fort Pickett, Virginia 1973-93) 34

Month

Temperature Precipitation

Average daily

maximum

Average daily

minimum Average Average

Average number of

days with .10 inch or more

Average snowfall

˚F ˚F ˚F Inches Days Inches January 46.9 23.5 35.2 4.14 7 3.5 February 51.0 25.4 38.2 3.21 6 4.2 March 59.7 33.1 46.4 4.32 7 1.2 April 69.8 41.3 55.6 3.48 6 .0 May 77.6 50.9 64.3 3.98 6 .0 June 84.8 59.5 72.2 3.36 6 .0 July 88.9 64.8 76.8 4.63 6 .0 August 87.2 63.3 75.2 4.46 7 .0 September 81.3 56.2 68.7 3.68 5 .0 October 70.4 42.6 56.5 3.69 5 .0 November 61.7 35.0 48.4 3.37 5 .1 December 50.6 26.5 38.5 3.44 6 1.4 Yearly: Average 69.2 43.5 56.3 --- --- --- Total --- --- --- 45.76 72 10.4

Source: NRCS, Soil Survey of Dinwiddie Area, Virginia, 1996. 35

4.2 LAND USE 36

4.2.1 Post Overview 37

Land use on the post is primarily devoted to military training. MTCFP contains approximately 38

3,580 acres of improved and semi-improved grounds. The developed area includes the 39

cantonment area and the airfield (see Figures 2.2 and 2.3). The Cantonment Area includes the 40



headquarters building, training classrooms, troop housing (barracks), dining facilities, 41

maintenance, storage, administrative and recreational areas. All of the site-specific, Support 42

Facilities Development projects are located within the cantonment area or adjacent training 43

areas. 44

The Blackstone Army Airfield/Alan C. Perkinson Municipal Airport (678 acres) is located on the 45

western part of MTCFP, adjacent to State Highway 40. The Airfield includes two runways 46

(4,600 feet and 4,000 feet) as well as the control tower, hangars and other structures housing 47

airfield operations. MTCFP shares use of the Airfield with Blackstone and Nottoway County. 48

The remainder of MTCFP, with the exception of the High Hazard Impact Areas, is open and 49

available for military maneuver training. Timber health and wildlife management are important 50

components of land management activities. 51

The 1995 Base Closure and Realignment Commission (BRAC 95) recommended closure of Fort 52

Pickett and retention as a Reserve Component training enclave. BRAC 95 anticipated that 53

military use of the retained area would be continued. Reuse of the excess lands was evaluated at 54

levels of low, medium-low, and medium intensity levels of future activity (U.S. Army Forces 55

Command, 1998). 56

The Facility Use Agreement (U.S. Department of the Army, 1998a) granting VaARNG the right 57

to use and occupy Fort Pickett requires that plans for additions to or modification, alterations, or 58

improvements of the premises shall be coordinated with and approved by the U.S. Property and 59

Fiscal Officer of the U.S. Army. All permanent improvements become the property of the 60

United States. The Facility Use Agreement also establishes encumbrances for utility and 61

roadway easements, and reserves certain Areas of Concern (AOC) pending further actions to 62

survey or remediate the AOCs. 63

4.2.2 Surrounding Area 64

The region surrounding MTCFP is primarily rural, with forestry and agriculture being the 65

predominant land uses. Scattered residences are located throughout the surrounding area. 66

Forestlands comprise approximately 75 percent of the total acreage surrounding MTCFP and 67

forest management, including harvests, is conducted adjacent to the installation (VDMA, 1999). 68

The agricultural land uses include raising crops such as soybeans, corn, wheat and hay. 69



Blackstone, a town of just under 4,000 people, is located approximately two miles from the 70

MTCFP main gate. Although 26.5% of the town’s population lives below the poverty line, the 71

town itself is economically diverse. The Blackstone shopping district attracts people from a 72

three county area, there are over a dozen restaurants in town, and several small companies that 73

manufacture apparel, textiles, furniture and plastics are located in the town (USACE, 1998). 74

An area adjacent to the cantonment area and airfield was designated excess by BRAC 95. 75

Excess property was transferred to Nottoway County and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 76

University (Virginia Tech) to support local redevelopment. 77

The 1,675 acres owned by Nottoway County and marketed by the Nottoway County Local 78

Redevelopment Authority (LRA) as Pickett Park, is located on several parcels generally adjacent 79

to Blackstone Army Airfield. Pickett Park is primarily zoned for industrial development. One 80

small area of existing structures south of 10th Street is zoned for commercial and office use, 81

reflecting tenants using the existing facilities. Nottoway County actively recruits new business 82

development for Pickett Park. The County has targeted heavy and light manufacturing, 83

assembly, distribution, and similar operations for its recruitment effort. In general, the County 84

expects expansion of the economic base at Pickett Park to be compatible with the on-going 85

military mission of MTCFP (see Appendix C). 86

Virginia Tech operates the Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center 87

(SPAREC) on 1,130 acres located on the north side of Blackstone Army Airfield. SPAREC has 88

been operating on the site since 1972, and is dedicated to research and extension programs for 89

sustainable production of tobacco, small fruits, cotton, forage crops and grains, as well as grazing 90

lands and cattle production. 91

Zoning of the privately-owned land within the general area of MTCFP generally reflects the land 92

use patterns described above. Most of the areas adjacent to the Post are zoned for agricultural 93

use (A-1 in Nottoway and Brunswick Counties, and A-2 in Dinwiddie County). Areas adjacent 94

to the Post within Nottoway County are also zoned for residential, industrial, and conservation 95

uses (Figure 4.1). 96

MTCFP has been actively involved in Army Compatible Use Buffers (ACUB) program for 97

several years (Figure 4.2). Title 10, Section 2684a of the United States Code authorizes the 98

Department of Defense to partner with non-Federal governments or private organizations to 99



establish buffers around installations. The Army implements this authority through the ACUB 100

program, which is managed jointly at Army Headquarters level by the offices of the Assistant 101

Chief of Staff for Installation Management and the Director of Training. The ACUB program is 102

an integral component of the Army’s sustainability triple bottom line: mission, environment, and 103

community. It is an innovative tool to limit the effects of encroachment, achieve conservation 104

objectives by proactively addressing encroachment that causes costly workarounds or comprises 105

training realism, and maximize land inside the installation that can be used to support the 106

installation’s mission. ACUB supports the Army's responsibility as a federal agency to comply 107

with all environmental regulations, including endangered species habitat protection. 108

An ACUB allows an installation to work with partners to encumber land to protect habitat and 109

training without acquiring any new land for Army ownership. Through ACUB, the Army 110

reaches out to partners to identify mutual objectives of land conservation and to prevent 111

development of critical open areas. The program allows the Army to contribute funds to the 112

partner’s purchase of easements or properties from willing landowners. These partnerships 113

preserve high-value habitat and limit incompatible development in the vicinity of military 114

installations. 115

By working in partnership with conservation organizations (such as the Ward Burton Wildlife 116

Foundation in MTCFP’s case), ACUB can coordinate habitat conservation planning at the 117

ecosystem level to ensure that greater benefits are realized towards species and habitat recovery. 118

ACUBs also support local and regional planning and sustainability efforts by emphasizing 119

partnerships with state and local governments and private conservation organizations to work 120

towards common objectives and leveraging public and private funds towards those common 121

goals. 122

The MTCFP ACUB program was covered in a separate NEPA document in 2007 (REC) and to 123

date MTCFP has encumbered over 2600 acres in conserved lands from willing landowners 124

protecting rural landscape, farms and forest, water resources, and the military mission at Fort 125

Pickett. 126

127

128



4.3 AIR QUALITY 129

4.3.1 Ambient Air Quality 130

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) defines ambient air quality as “that portion 131

of the atmosphere, external to buildings, to which the general public has access” (40 CFR 50). 132

As required by the 1970 Clean Air Act and the 1977 and 1990 Amendments (CAA), USEPA has 133

designated “criteria air pollutants” and has defined National Ambient Air Quality Standards 134

(NAAQS) for each of the criteria pollutants. Ambient Air Quality Standards are intended to 135

protect public health and welfare, and are classified as “primary” or “secondary” standards. 136

Primary standards define levels of air quality necessary to protect the public health. National 137

Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards define levels of air quality necessary to protect the 138

public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects of a pollutant. 139

Primary and secondary standards have been established for carbon monoxide, lead, ozone, 140

nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (total and inhalable fractions) and sulfur dioxide. Areas that 141

do not meet these standards are called non-attainment areas; areas that meet both primary and 142

secondary standards are known as attainment areas. Under the Clean Air Act, state and local air 143

pollution control agencies have the authority to adopt and enforce air quality standards more 144

stringent than the NAAQS. The Commonwealth of Virginia has adopted the NAAQS, which are 145

presented in Table 4.2. 146

4.3.2 Air Pollutant Emissions at Fort Pickett 147

Brunswick, Dinwiddie, Lunenburg and Nottoway counties, in which MTCFP is located or 148

adjacent, are classified by the USEPA as in attainment for all NAAQS criteria pollutants. 149

MTCFP was issued a Commonwealth of Virginia Air Pollution Control Board Permit 150

(Registration No. 30468) on August 26, 2008. The permit includes oil-fired boilers; 25 151

degreasing tanks; #2 and #1 oil fired boilers/heating units; miscellaneous large bore (>600 hp) 152

stationary and portable internal combustion engines; miscellaneous (600 hp or less) emergency 153

stationary and portable internal combustion engines; miscellaneous emergency and portable 154

internal combustion engines burning LP gas; four (4) 20,000 gallon bulk distillate oil tanks; one 155

(1) 30,000 gallon JP-8 (Jet Fuel) storage tank; one (1) Global Solutions, Inc. paint booth and 156

sand blasting operation; two (2) non-metallic mineral mining processing plants (157th Engineers 157



and MTCFP DPW); one (1) central vacuum for woodworking operations (MTCFP DPW); and, 158

one (1) used oil burning unit (Building T-134 at 2.51 million BTU). The permit limits the annual 159

emissions from the facility to 99 tons per year of PM-10, 87.7 tons per year of SO2, 97.0 tons per 160

year of nitrogen oxides as NO2, 24.6 tons per year of carbon monoxide, and 22.5 tons per year of 161

volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, the emissions of hazardous air pollutants 162

(HAPs) are limited to 10 tons of any single HAP and 25 tons of a combination of HAPs. The air 163

emission permit does not include military operations involving mobile sources such as vehicles 164

and weaponry. Not all of the emissions sources identified are active; however, they are listed in 165

the air permit. 166

Table 4.2 National and Commonwealth of Virginia Ambient Air Quality Standards 167

Pollutant

National Commonwealth of Virginia Primary Standard

Secondary Standard

Primary Standard

Secondary Standard

1-hour Maximum Carbon Monoxide

8-hour Maximum

35 ppm 9 ppm

35 ppm 9 ppm

35 ppm 9 ppm

35 ppm 9 ppm

Annual Arithmetic Mean Sulfur Dioxide

24-hour Maximuma 3-hour Maximuma

0.03 ppm 0.14 ppm

---

--- ---

0.50 ppm

0.03 ppm 0.14 ppm

---

--- ---

0.50 ppm

PM10 Particulate Matter

Annual Arithmetic Mean 24-hour Maximuma

50 μg/m3 150 μg/m3

50 μg/m3 150 μg/m3

50 μg/m3 150 μg/m3

50 μg/m3 150 μg/m3

Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)Annual Geometric Mean

b

24-hour

--- ---

--- ---

75 μg/m3 260 μg/m3

60 μg/m3 150 μg/m3

1-hour Maximumc Ozone

0.12 ppm

0.12 ppm

0.12 ppm

0.12 ppm

Annual Arithmetic Mean Nitrogen Dioxide

0.053 ppm

0.053 ppm

0.050 ppm

0.050 ppm

Maximum Arithmetic Mean over a Calendar Quarter

Lead 1.5 μg/m3

1.5 μg/m3

1.5 μg/m3

1.5 μg/m3

a Maximum concentration not to be exceeded more than once per year. 168 b This is a Commonwealth of Virginia Standard only. Not a federal standard. 169 c The standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with a maximum hourly 170

average concentration above 0.12 ppm is equal or less than one. 171 ppm parts per million. 172



μg/m3 micrograms per cubic meter. 173 174 Source: 40 CFR Part 50 and 9 VAC 5-30-10 175 Prescribed burning is an established natural resource and training land management practice at 176

MTCFP, as well as a silvicultural tool. The MTCFP INRMP recognizes the potential for 177

temporary effects on local air quality from prescribed burning operations, and identifies 178

particulates as the primary pollutant resulting from prescribed fires. The INRMP requires that the 179

adverse effects of particulates will be mitigated by adhering to Virginia Department of Forestry 180

(VDOF) smoke management guidelines. The objectives of the VDOF guidelines are to identify 181

and avoid smoke sensitive areas, reduce emissions, and disperse and dilute smoke before it 182

reaches smoke sensitive areas (VDOF, 1998). The INRMP further specifies that prescribed fires 183

will not be ignited when regional pollution alerts are issued. (Regional air pollution monitoring, 184

and the issuance of air quality alerts is the responsibility of the Virginia Department of 185

Environmental Quality). Finally, the INRMP requires notification of Range Operations, Base 186

Fire Department, and local VDOF office in the event of accidental wildfires or prescribed 187

burning operations (VaARNG, 2007). 188

4.4 NOISE 189

4.4.1 Noise Standards 190

The Army’s operational noise management program is set forth in Chapter 14 of AR 200-1, 191

Environmental Protection and Enhancement. AR 200-1 implements federal law concerning 192

operational noise generated by Army and ARNG activities, including aircraft operations, range 193

fire, and weapons testing. VaARNG has a State Operational Noise Management Plan (SONMP) 194

that includes MTCFP. It follows AR 200-1, the goals of which are to protect the health and 195

welfare of people on and off post affected by all Army produced noise, to reduce community 196

annoyance from operational noise where feasible and consistent with Army training, and to 197

actively engage local communities in land use planning. 198

199

200

201



4.4.2 Major Noise Sources 202

The primary sources of noise at MTCFP are range activities and transportation related sources, 203

such as tactical vehicles and aircraft. Minor noise sources include repair shop maintenance and 204

equipment operations (VDMA, 2000). 205

4.4.3 Noise Assessment and Monitoring 206

As part of the MTCFP noise program, noise maps delineating three different noise zones have 207

been prepared (see Appendix D). The three types of noise zones defined are: Zone 1 208

(compatible), Zone II (normally incompatible) and Zone III (incompatible). The U.S. Army 209

Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine (USACHPPM), now the Public Health 210

Command (PHC), conducted a study for evaluation of the MPRC in 2003 in order to identify 211

noise zones caused from existing training activities on MTCFP. The study breaks down noise 212

into three categories: small arms activity, existing large caliber weapons activity (blast noise), 213

and large caliber weapons activity (blast noise) within the proposed MPRC. The noise zones for 214

the small arms activity are generally contained within the boundaries of the installation. A small 215

area of the Noise Zone II for the small arms activity extends beyond the eastern boundary. The 216

Noise Zones II and III for large caliber weapons activity extend beyond the eastern boundary. 217

Noise complaints are infrequent and minimal in number and there appears to be a general 218

acceptance of noise levels by the surrounding community. As part of the noise program, 219

MTCFP staff investigates each noise complaint. Operational controls limit noise during certain 220

days and hours during the week to minimize impacts to sensitive receptors. 221

Noise contour information is included in Appendix D. 222

4.5 GEOLOGY 223

4.5.1 Physiography/Topography 224

MTCFP is located in the Piedmont Physiographic Region of Virginia. The Piedmont region is 225

primarily composed of igneous and metamorphic rock of Precambrian and Paleozoic Age. Most 226

of the geologic rock formations found on the installation consist of granite, gneiss and quartz. 227

Several dikes and sills of intrusive igneous rocks also occur throughout the area. The bedrock is 228



covered with a layer of sands, silts and clays. Intense weathering has caused the bedrock to 229

appear at different depths throughout the installation. 230

The topography at MTCFP is characterized by rolling terrain dissected by the Nottoway River 231

and its tributaries. The difference in elevation found on the installation is approximately 260 232

feet. The highest elevations, approximately 450 feet above mean sea level (AMSL), are north of 233

the Blackstone Army Airfield/Alan C. Perkinson Municipal Airport. The topography of the Post 234

descends toward the southeast, to an elevation approximately 190 feet AMSL at the confluence 235

of Tommeheton Creek and the Nottoway River. A dendritic drainage pattern is present 236

throughout the installation. From north to south the relief gradually becomes more pronounced 237

as downcutting by the Nottoway River has created steeper slopes and ravines. 238

4.5.2 Seismicity 239

MTCFP area is in an area of low seismic hazard as defined by the U.S. Geological Survey 240

(USGS) (USGS, 2002). 241

4.5.3 Soils 242

The soils occurring on MTCFP have been mapped by the Natural Resources Conservation 243

Service (NRCS), Farmville Task Office in Farmville, Virginia. There are 27 soil-mapping units 244

occurring on MTCFP (see Appendix B). The seven dominant soil series found on the post are 245

the Appling and Cecil sandy loams (2 to 7 percent slopes), Appling-Ashlar complex (7 to 15 246

percent slopes), Appling sandy loam (2 to 7 percent slopes), Cecil sandy clay loam (7 to 15 247

percent slopes), Rion sandy loam (7 to 15 percent slopes), Rion sandy loam (15 to 25 percent 248

slopes), and Wehadkee silt loam (0 to 2 percent slopes). 249

Appling and Cecil sandy loams, 2 to 7 percent slopes. These well-drained soils, occurring 250

on ridges and side slopes, cover approximately five percent of the post. The Appling and 251

Cecil sandy loams form in material weathered from felsic crystalline rocks. Permeability is 252

moderate; depth to bedrock is greater than five feet, and the hazard of soil erosion slight. 253

The water table occurs at a depth greater than six feet and the shrink-swell potential is low. 254

Appling –Ashlar complex, 7 to 15 percent slopes. The Appling-Ashlar complex consists of 255

well-drained soils found on shoulders and slopes, covering approximately 30 percent of the 256



post. The soil forms in material weathered from granite and granite gneiss. Permeability is 257

moderate to moderately rapid and the hazard of soil erosion slight. Depth to bedrock for the 258

Appling soil is greater than five feet. The depth to bedrock for the Ashlar soil ranges from 259

20 to 40 inches. The water table occurs at a depth greater than six feet and the shrink-swell 260

potential is low. 261

Appling sandy loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes. Covering approximately 19 percent of the post, 262

these well-drained soils occur on ridges and side slopes. The Appling sandy loam forms in 263

material weathered from felsic crystalline rocks. Permeability is moderate; depth to bedrock 264

is greater than five feet, and the hazard of soil erosion slight. The water table occurs at a 265

depth greater than six feet and the shrink-swell potential is low. 266

Cecil sandy clay loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes, severely eroded. The Cecil sandy clay loam 267

consists of well-drained soils found on uplands and covers approximately five percent of the 268

post. The soil forms in material weathered from felsic crystalline rocks. Permeability is 269

moderate; depth to bedrock is greater than five feet, and the hazard of soil erosion slight. 270


Rion sandy loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes. These well-drained soils occur on side slopes and 272

cover approximately six percent of the post. The Rion sandy loam (7 to 15 percent slopes) 273

forms in material weathered from acidic crystalline rocks. Permeability is moderate; depth to 274

bedrock is greater than five feet, and the hazard of soil erosion slight. The water table occurs 275

at a depth greater than six feet and the shrink-swell potential is low. 276

Rion sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes. The Rion sandy loam (15 to 25 percent slopes) 277

consists of well-drained soils found on side slopes and covers approximately six percent of 278

the post. The soil forms in material weathered from acidic crystalline rocks. Permeability is 279

moderate; depth to bedrock is greater than five feet and the hazard of soil erosion moderate. 280


Wehadkee silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded. These poorly drained soils 282

occur on floodplains and cover approximately five percent of the post. The Wehadkee silt 283

loam forms in material weathered from schist, gneiss and granite. Permeability is moderate, 284

depth to bedrock is greater than five feet and the hazard of soil erosion is slight. The water 285



table occurs at a depth less than one foot and the shrink-swell potential is low. Areas where 286

the Wehadkee silt loam is mapped are typically associated with jurisdictional wetlands. 287

The remaining soils found on the installation along with the soil-mapping units described above 288

are summarized in Appendix B. The table provides general characteristics of the soil series, 289

phases and complexes. Drainage characteristics, textural characteristics, landscape position and 290

some potential limitations associated with the mapping units are provided. In addition, mapping 291

units that are designated as hydric or have inclusions that are hydric are also indicated in 292

Appendix B. 293

The two major soil limitations for activities at MTCFP are hydric conditions and steep slopes. 294

Hydric soils are soils that are saturated, flooded, or ponded for long enough during the growing 295

season to develop anaerobic (oxygen deficient) conditions in their upper part. Anaerobic soil 296

conditions are conducive to the establishment of vegetation that is typically found in wetlands 297

(hydrophytic vegetation). Hydric soils are typically associated with the general locations of 298

wetlands. Steep slopes tend to be concentrated along the margins of river and stream bottoms 299

throughout the Post. Soils on steep slopes present a potential erosion problem once vegetative 300

cover is disturbed or removed. 301

4.5.4 Prime Farmland 302

The intent of the Farmland Protection Policy Act (FPPA) of 1981 (7 USC 73 Section 4201, et 303

seq.) is to minimize the extent to which federal programs contribute to the unnecessary or 304

irreversible conversion of farmland to nonagricultural uses. The FPPA also ensures that federal 305

programs are administered in a manner that, to the extent practicable, will be compatible with 306

private, state and local government programs and policies to protect farmland. The Natural 307

Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) is responsible for overseeing compliance with the FPPA 308

and has developed rules and regulations for implementation of the Act. 309

There are no areas that would be regulated by FPPA on MTCFP. Several of the soils occurring 310

on MTCFP would be considered prime farmland soils if located in areas available for 311

commercial agriculture, livestock production or silviculture. However, MTCFP’s land was 312

previously acquired for, and is used entirely for military and national defense purposes. There is 313

no agriculture or livestock production on the Post. Silviculture activities are secondary activities 314



conducted for the purpose of maintaining the suitability of training areas to meet the mission of 315

MTCFP. As all proposed projects in this EA take place within the MTCFP boundary, there are 316

no effects on farmland off post. 317

4.6 WATER RESOURCES 318

4.6.1 Surface Water 319

4.6.1.1 Nottoway River 320

MTCFP is located entirely within the Nottoway River Hydrologic Unit (HUC 03010201) of the 321

Chowan River Sub-basin. The Nottoway River, draining an area of approximately 1,700 square 322

miles (USGS, 2004), dissects the southern portion of MTCFP. 323

The Virginia State Water Control Board classifies the Nottoway River as Class III water. Class 324

III waters are the non-tidal waters of the Coastal and Piedmont Zones, and generally meet 325

Federal Clean Water Standards. 326

State and federal law requires VDEQ to produce a biennial report to Virginia’s citizens and EPA 327

on water conditions in the Commonwealth. The waters are evaluated to determine whether six 328

designated uses and goals of the Clean Water Act (CWA) are supported. The five uses are: 1) 329

wildlife, 2) aquatic life, 3) fish consumption, 4) shellfish harvest, 5) swimming (primary and 330

secondary contact recreation), and 6) drinking water use. Based on the evaluation, each river and 331

stream segment is assigned a rating according to EPA assessment categories and Commonwealth 332

of Virginia subcategories. The segment of the Nottoway River and Tributaries crossing MTCFP 333

(Waterbody Segment ID VAC-K16R_ZZZ01A00) has been designated as Category 3A (VDEQ, 334

2004b). Virginia subcategory 3A indicates that no data are available to determine if any 335

designated use is supported, and the water was not previously listed as impaired. 336

Monitoring of several of the Nottoway River’s tributary streams originating on or crossing 337

MTCFP has resulted in a designation of EPA Category 5 on those segments. The Category 5 338

designation requires the development of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Plan for the 339

affected segments. A TMDL is a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a 340

waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards, and an allocation of that amount to 341

the pollutant's sources. 342



4.6.1.2 Waters Originating Within MTCFP Boundaries 343

There are two major drainages that largely originate within the boundaries of MTCFP and flow 344

into the Nottoway River. These drainages are Tommeheton Creek and Birchin Creek. Both 345

creeks arise in the northwestern portion of the installation and flow in a southeasterly direction, 346

joining the Nottoway River at the Post’s eastern boundary near Gills Bridge. Large manmade 347

impoundments occur on both the Tommeheton and Birchin creeks within the CAA. 348

Furthermore, many portions of their respective drainages are slow moving and marshy, forming 349

extensive wetlands. 350

4.6.1.3 Waters Originating Outside MTCFP Boundaries 351

Two major drainages form outside the installation and flow through portions of the installation: 352

Butterwood Creek and Long Branch/Hurricane Branch. Butterwood Creek enters the installation 353

in the northwest portion of Training Area 14 and flows southeasterly, exiting the installation east 354

of Pender Road. Butterwood Creek (TMDL ID: VAP-K20R-01) has been assigned an 355

EPA/VDEQ Assessment Category of 5C for non-support of Aquatic Life Use. The 5C 356

designation indicates that the Water Quality Standard for the assigned use is not attained due to 357

suspected natural conditions. The Creek is impaired for one or more designated uses by a 358

pollutant(s) and may require a TMDL (303d list). Water quality standards for these waters may 359

be re-evaluated due to the effects of natural conditions. Impairment within Butterwood Creek is 360

due to low dissolved oxygen resulting from natural conditions. The segment was initially listed 361

as impaired in 2002. 362

Long Branch flows into the southwestern portion of the installation crossing the boundary north 363

of Highway 46. Hurricane Branch originates in the area immediately north and west of 364

Blackstone Army Airfield. Long Branch joins Hurricane Branch southeast of the junction of Old 365

Oak Road and Gettysburg Road to form a wide marsh that empties into the Nottoway River east 366

of Range Road. A portion of Hurricane Branch (TMDL ID: VAC-K16R-03), and an unnamed 367

tributary of Hurricane Branch (TMDL ID: VAC-K16R-01; Water body Segment ID: VAC-368

K16R_ZZZ01A00) have been assigned an EPA/VDEQ Assessment Category of 5A for non-369

support of Aquatic Life Use. The streams are impaired for one or more designated uses by a 370

pollutant(s) and require a TMDL (303d list). VAC-K16R-03 is a 1.94 mile segment of 371

Hurricane Branch from Gettysburg Road to the Nottoway River. Impairment is due to low 372



dissolved oxygen resulting from an unknown source. The segment was initially listed as 373

impaired in 2004, with a TMDL due to be completed by 2016. VAC-K16R-01, a 1.12-mile 374

unnamed tributary of Hurricane Branch between the Town of Blackstone Sewage Treatment 375

Plant (STP) and Hurricane Branch, has been designated as an impaired waterway under the 376

Clean Water Act Section 303(d). The VDEQ completed a benthic TMDL assessment of this 377

unnamed tributary in April 2004 that was finalized and approved by the EPA on September 30, 378

2004 and by the Virginia State Water Control Board on March 15, 2005, when the final rule was 379

adopted. The impairment is attributed to uncontrolled stormwater runoff and sediment loading, 380

leading to general impairment to the benthic (stream bottom dwelling) biological community. 381

The segment was initially listed as impaired in 1994. The current sedimentation loading for any 382

permitted action within this watershed is 60.9 tons/year of Total Suspended Solids. MTCFP has 383

completed and is implementing a Best Management Practice to restrict the amount of runoff by 384

designing and constructing a sediment basin for the new RTI Complex, and has designed a 385

wetlands detention basin to reduce the flow and sediment from its many stone storage lots that 386

directly influence Hurricane Branch. 387

A series of small creeks, including Wildcat Creek, Rocky Run, and Red Oak Creek, originate 388

south of the Nottoway River and drain northeast into MTCFP to join the Nottoway River. 389

4.6.2 Groundwater 390

Rock type, geologic structure, topography, and climate determine the characteristics of the 391

ground-water flow system. Rocks of Precambrian and Paleozoic ages within Virginia’s 392

Piedmont region generally are consolidated, and are generally covered with unconsolidated 393

material called regolith that is largely derived from weathering of the consolidated rocks. 394

The dense, almost impermeable bedrock yields water primarily from fractures. The fractures 395

form the only effective porosity in the unweathered rock. Regolith is everywhere more 396

permeable than the underlying bedrock. Because the regolith material varies greatly in thickness, 397

composition, and grain size, its hydraulic properties also vary greatly. Most of the groundwater 398

recharge takes place in interstream areas. Almost all groundwater recharge is from precipitation 399

that enters the aquifers through the porous regolith. Much of the recharge water moves laterally 400

through the regolith and discharges to a nearby stream or depression during or shortly after a 401



storm or precipitation event. Some of the water, however, moves downward through the regolith 402

until it reaches the bedrock where it enters fractures in the crystalline rocks. Where bedrock 403

fractures have one or more preferred directions of orientation, as is often the case, ground water 404

will tend to flow more readily in the direction of the fractures. 405

Variations in well yield depend on the type of rock in which a well is completed; the thickness of 406

the regolith; the number, size, and spacing of bedrock fractures and the degree to which the 407

fractures are connected; and the topographic setting of the well. The size, number, and 408

interconnection of the fractures decrease with depth. The thicker the regolith, the greater the 409

volume of water in storage and the more likely well yield can be sustained. Where the regolith is 410

thin, crystalline-rock wells are more likely to go dry during the summer months or periods of 411

drought. 412

The water in the Piedmont aquifer generally is suitable for drinking and other uses, but iron, 413

manganese, and sulfate can occur locally in objectionable concentrations. Some crystalline rocks 414

contain minerals that, when weathered, can contribute iron and manganese to ground water, 415

particularly if the water is slightly acidic. Treatment of the water usually will alleviate problems 416

of iron and manganese concentrations. 417

A study of groundwater characteristics in the Fort Pickett area, conducted in 1989, showed depth 418

to shallowest groundwater ranges from six to 35 feet. The water table begins to fall in April and 419

is replenished in the winter months. Most groundwater is found at depths of less than 150 feet, 420

with the majority found in the upper 30 feet. The majority of natural springs on MTCFP occur at 421

the head of major drainages and is associated with seepage wetlands (VaARNG, 2007). 422

4.6.3 Lakes and Other Impoundments 423

There are thirteen ponds and lakes located on MTCFP as indicated in Table 4.3. These lakes 424

range from 384 acres (Fort Pickett Reservoir) to 2.4 acres (Beaver Trail Pond). 425

Fort Pickett Reservoir, a 384-acre reservoir located on the Nottoway River, is the main source of 426

water for MTCFP and the Town of Blackstone. The reservoir has two main branches that join 427

west of State Highway 46 to form the main body of the reservoir. The northwest branch is 428

formed by the confluence of the Nottoway, Little Nottoway and Reedy Creek. The southwest 429

branch arises from the confluence of South Branch, Cedar Creek and several small, unnamed 430



drainages. Military personnel and civilians use the reservoir for fishing and boating. The entire 431

shoreline is vegetated with stands of pine and hardwood trees that serve as an important scenic 432

resource, as well as protective cover for the reservoir watershed. 433

Table 4.3 Major Impoundments at MTCFP 434 Impoundment Acreage Engineer Bridge Site 12.8 Twin Lakes 20.0 Lewis Pond 13.2 Floyd Pond 45.0 Wonju Pond 3.0 Beaver Trail Pond 2.4 Birchin Lake 45.0 Reservation Pond 2.5 Winterling Pond 3.0 Dearing Pond 7.2 Butterwood Pond 8.0 Tommeheton Pond 51.0 Fort Pickett Reservoir 384.0 Total Acreage of Impoundments 597.1 Source: VaARNG, 2007

435

Fort Pickett Reservoir (TMDL ID: VAC K16L-01) was assessed as not supporting of Aquatic 436

Life Use based on low dissolved oxygen levels due to unknown sources. The initial listing as 437

impaired in EPA/VDEQ Category 5A occurred in 2004, with a TMDL due to be completed in 438

2016. 439

4.6.4 Floodplain 440

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) assesses flood hazards in jurisdictions 441

participating in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Nottoway, Dinwiddie, 442

Lunenburg, and Brunswick Counties participate in the NFIP. Flood Insurance Rate Maps 443

(FIRMs) for MTCFP indicate narrow Zone A (100-year flood hazard) areas associated with the 444

Nottoway River and its tributary streams (Figure 4.3). Executive Order (EO) 11988 directs 445

federal agencies to avoid to the extent possible the long and short-term adverse impacts 446

associated with construction in or alteration of floodplains. 447



4.6.5 Wetlands 448

Wetlands are defined as those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at 449

a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a 450

prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions (33 CFR, Part 451

328.3). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), VDEQ and VMRC regulate development 452

in wetland areas pursuant to Section 404 and Section 401 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) (33 453

CFR, Parts 320-330). Executive Order (EO) 11990 directs federal agencies to avoid to the extent 454

possible the long and short-term adverse impacts associated with the destruction or modification 455

of wetlands and to avoid direct or indirect support of new construction in wetlands wherever 456

there is a practicable alternative. 457

Sources of information about wetlands on the installation include the study “Delineation of 458

Wetlands and Other Regulated Waters at Fort Pickett, Virginia” (Gravatt et al. 1999), and 459

information from the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 460

(USFWS, 2004). Three elements are used to identify wetlands: hydrology, hydrophytic 461

vegetation and hydric soils. Approximately 2,810 acres of wetlands have been mapped and 462

identified within MTCFP. These wetlands contain a variety of different community types. 463

There are two major wetland soil types found on the installation. The first, sometimes referred to 464

as mixed alluvial land, are somewhat poorly to poorly drained soils found on floodplains. These 465

soils include the Chastain loam, Chewacla loam, Chewacla-Wehadkee complex and the 466

Wehadkee silt loam. The second type of wetland soil found on MTCFP is Worsham sandy loam. 467

This soil occurs in drainageways and has a fine sandy loam upper horizon underlain by a sandy 468

clay loam to sandy clay subsoil (VaARNG, 2007). 469

The majority of wetlands that occur on the Post are located in the southern training areas along 470

the Nottoway River (VaARNG, 2007). However, smaller wetlands are scattered throughout the 471

Post. 472

4.6.6 Water Resources on the Proposed Action Sites 473

4.6.6.1 Support Facilities Development 474

There are no water bodies, floodplains, or wetlands on the following proposed action sites: 475



ORTC 476

PX Expansion 477

DOL Troop Warehouse 478

DPW Stormwater Improvements 479

Medical Detachment 480

Both DFAC sites 481

DPW Facilities 482

4.6.6.1.1 Visitors Control Center 483

The proposed site is within the Hurricane Branch drainage area. Stormwater from the site is 484

directed through small man-made ditches along the eastern project site boundary into unnamed 485

tributaries of Hurricane Branch, which is located to the west of the site. A stormwater retention 486

system is located to the east across Military Road. An intermittent stream reaches the southern 487

boundary of the proposed site, but there are no other water bodies, floodplains, or wetlands on 488

the relatively level proposed project site. 489

4.6.6.1.2 Morale Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Area 490

The proposed site drains to Hurricane Branch through unnamed tributaries to Hurricane Branch. 491

Small, man-made ditches along the developed street system within the site direct stormwaters 492

into unnamed tributaries of Hurricane Branch that are found in the southern portion of the site as 493

well as west of the site. Two small, possibly seasonal ponds are located in the west central area 494

of the proposed site. Prior development of the site resulted in leveling of the northern and 495

eastern portions of the site, and besides the unnamed tributary to Hurricane Branch and the two 496

ponds, there are no surface water bodies, floodplains, or wetlands on the proposed project site. 497

4.6.6.1.3 Sports/Baseball Complex 498

The proposed site drains to Birchin Creek through unnamed tributaries of Birchin Creek that run 499

through southern portion of the proposed site. There is also a forested wetland in the south 500

central portion of the project area, through which drainage ditches have been cut in the past. A 501

drainage structure/culvert related to RTI Complex construction is located in the northwest 502



portion of the proposed site. Man-made ditches located along the southern, eastern and northern 503

boundaries of the proposed site also direct stormwaters to unnamed tributaries of Birchin Creek. 504

There are no floodplains on the proposed project site. 505

4.6.6.1.4 Conference Center 506

The proposed site is within the Hurricane Branch drainage area. Small drainage swales direct 507

stormwater from the site into unnamed tributaries to Hurricane Branch, which is located west of 508

the site. Prior use of the site resulted in some leveling of the site, but topography is still 509

somewhat rolling. One unnamed tributary to Hurricane Branch enters the proposed site in its 510

northwest corner; there are no floodplains or wetlands on the proposed project site. 511

4.6.6.1.5 Post Headquarters 512

The Post Headquarters project site is within the Hurricane Branch drainage area. Prior use of the 513

site has leveled the area, altering the natural drainage features of the site. A small intermittent 514

stream, draining to an unnamed tributary to Hurricane Branch, located to the west crosses the 515

central portion of the project area, on a roughly east-west axis. Stormwaters are also directed 516

into a small, man-made ditch along Military Road. Except for the intermittent stream, there are 517

no surface water bodies, floodplains, or wetlands on the proposed project site. 518

4.6.6.2 Training Facility Development 519

4.6.6.2.1 Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Runway 520

The proposed site is located within the Hurricane Branch and Long Branch drainage areas. Prior 521

use of the site as a roadway and Firing Point resulted in the leveling of the site, leaving no 522

natural drainage features. All stormwaters are directed by small man-made ditches along 523

Gettysburg Road to intermittent streams and unnamed tributaries to Hurricane Branch to the 524

northeast and Long Branch to the southwest. There are no surface water bodies, floodplains, or 525

wetlands on the proposed site. 526

527

528



4.6.6.3 Post Operations and Military Training Activities 529

4.6.6.3.1 Mission Support Activities 530

Mission support activities may occur throughout MTCFP as needed to ensure that maneuver 531

training areas remain accessible and viable to support training and mission requirements. In 532

general, timber management, building demolition, and wildlife enhancement activities do not 533

occur in areas occupied by surface water features (See discussion in Section 5.1 for Post 534

regulations guiding the siting and review process for approval of these activities.) Water 535

crossing construction, including culvert repair, bridges, concrete crossings, and low water 536

crossings occurs on an as-needed basis to repair or forestall damage to streams and stream banks 537

arising from natural events such as flooding and weathering, and from frequent use by training 538

units (See discussion in Section 5.1 for Post regulations guiding the review process, design, and 539

scheduling of water crossing construction activities.) 540

4.6.6.3.2 MTCFP Mission Training Activities 541

Training activities occur throughout the training areas of MTCFP. In general, training activities 542

avoid areas occupied by surface waters and wetlands due to the hazards they pose for heavy 543

vehicles and equipment. Several types of training activity, however, are water-dependent, and 544

occur within, across, or adjacent to surface water bodies. Examples of water dependent training 545

activities include mobile-bridge training, Special Forces training activities, water-borne live fire 546

training, water supply and treatment. The location of training activities is coordinated by the 547

MTCFP Range Control Officer. 548

4.6.6.3.3 Controlled Access Area Live-Fire Maneuver Training Area Activities 549

Birchin Creek and Tommeheton Creek flow through the CAA-MTA, with several unnamed 550

tributary streams branching from the two creeks. There are also two large water bodies (Birchin 551

Lake and Sheepslog Lake) that can accommodate waterborne gunnery. Water crossings and 552

water breaching exercises may be conducted at approved points within the CAA-MTA, and are 553

subject to approval by the MTCFP Range Control Officer. 554

555

556



4.6.6.3.4 Air Operations 557

Air Operations occur throughout the training areas of MTCFP and its associated air space. In 558

general, Air Operations do not occur in areas occupied by surface water features, floodplains, or 559

wetlands. 560

4.6.6.3.5 Asymmetric Warfare Training Activities 561

In general, training use of the C-IED Defeat Lane, the CACTF, FOB, Indirect Firing Areas, 562

IPBC, MPRC, direct fire and demolition areas avoid areas occupied by surface waters and 563

wetlands due to the hazards they pose for heavy vehicles and equipment. 564

4.6.6.3.6 Integrated Training Area Management 565

ITAM activities occur throughout MTCFP training areas for the purpose of maintaining and 566

sustaining land for on-going training activities. Water oriented activities may include the 567

construction, repair or maintenance of low-water crossings, implementation of erosion and 568

sediment control strategies and improvements such as vegetated buffers, sediment traps, 569

sediment basins, and other best management practices. Projects are implemented on an as-570

needed basis in order to maintain and sustain training areas. 571

4.7 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 572

Biological resources at MTCFP have been characterized based on resource agency contacts, 573

review of existing site-specific data, and direct field observations. The MTCFP Integrated 574

Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) is the guiding document for description of 575

biological communities on the Post, and guides activities that affect the biological resources on 576

the Post. A complete list of documented species occurring at MTCFP may be found in the 2007 577

INRMP. 578

4.7.1 Flora 579

MTCFP consists of four primary vegetative cover types: pine, pine-hardwood, mixed hardwood 580

and open grasslands/shrubs. The installation has diverse forest cover comprised of over 50 tree 581

species. Examples of tree species occurring on the post include: loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), 582

sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), southern red oak (Quercus falcate), shortleaf pine (Pinus 583



echinata), yellow popular (Liriodendron tulipifera), Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana), white oak 584

(Quercus alba), red maple (Acer rubrum), southern sugar maple (Acer barbatum), bitternut 585

hickory (Carya cordiformis), American beech (Fagus grandifolia) river birch (Betula nigra), 586

sycamore (Plantanus occidentalis), pignut hickory (Carya glabra), mockernut hickory (Carya 587

tomentosa), willow oak (Quercus phellos), American elm (Ulmus americana), black walnut 588

(Julgans nigra), chestnut oak (Quercus montana), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), and black 589

oak (Quercus velutina). Open areas (grasslands/scrubs) exist on MTCFP due to training 590

activities, prescribed burning, and mowing. Grassland/shrub species composition varies 591

depending on the amount of disturbance. The dominant open area species include: broomsedge 592

(Andropogon virginicus), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), panicums (Panicum spp.), 593

golden rods (Solidago spp.), and asters (Aster spp.) (VaARNG, 2007). 594

4.7.2 Fauna 595

4.7.2.1 Mammals 596

MTCFP is home to many mammal species that are typical of the southern Piedmont region. The 597

2007 INRMP lists 38 species believed to be present on the installation. Small species such as the 598

cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), golden mouse (Ochrotomys nutalli) and the northern short tailed 599

shrew (Blarina brevicauda) are commonly found throughout the installation. The most common 600

large mammal species are white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), eastern gray squirrel 601

(Sciurius carolinesis), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), beaver 602

(Castor canadensis), muskrat (Ondatra zibethica), river otter (Lutra canadensis), striped skunk 603

(Mephitis mephitis), raccoon (Procyon lotor), opossum (Didelphis virginiana), black bear (Ursus 604

americanus), bobcat (Lynx rufus), and coyote (Canis latrans) (VaARNG, 2007). 605

4.7.2.2 Birds 606

The INRMP lists 161 bird species positively identified on the installation. While several species 607

spend their entire life cycle in the area, the majority spend only a portion of the year in the area. 608

Examples of typical bird species expected to be found in cantonment areas on the installation 609

include: mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), northern cardinal 610

(Cardinalis cardinalis), common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), house sparrow (Passer 611

domesticus), northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), American robin (Turdus migratorius), 612



and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Examples of bird species expected to be found in 613

association with waterbodies on MTCFP include: belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon), wood duck 614

(Aix sponsa), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), northern pintail 615

(Anas acuta), great egret (Casmerodius albus egretta), great blue heron (Ardea herodias 616

herodias), and green-backed heron (Butorides virescens virescens). 617

Numerous birds occur on MTCFP in association with grasslands and shrublands. The most 618

common grassland birds at MTCFP are the grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum 619

pratensis) and savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis). Indigo buntings (Passerina 620

cyanea) and field sparrows (Spizella pusilla) are common shrubland constituents on MTCFP. 621

Riparian and floodplain forests associated with the Nottoway River support a wide variety of 622

warblers and neo-tropical migrants such as the American redstart (Septophaga ruticilla), 623

prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea), and cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerulea). 624

Examples of typical raptor species occurring on MTCFP include northern harrier (Circus 625

cyaneus), red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) and sharp-626

shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus velox). In addition, owl species occurring on the installation 627

include: barred owl (strix varia), common barn owl (Tyto alba), great horned owl (Bubo 628

virginianus) and eastern screech owl (Otus asio) (VaARNG, 2007). 629

4.7.2.3 Amphibians and Reptiles 630

The INRMP lists 38 amphibian and reptiles species found on the installation. Common 631

amphibians occurring on MTCFP include the northern spring peeper (Hyla crucifer crucifer), 632

northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans), and the pickerel frog (Rana palustris). Other amphibians 633

typically occurring in the area include spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), American 634

toad (Bufo americanus), Fowlers toad (Bufo wookhousii fowler), barking treefrog (Hyla 635

gratiosa), gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) and green treefrog (Hyla cinerea). Common 636

reptilian fauna include the Eastern rat snake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis), eastern garter snake 637

(Thamnophis sirstalis sirstalis), broadhead skink (Eumeces laticeps), and eastern box turtle 638

(Terrapene carolina carolina). Other reptiles typically occurring in the area include common 639

snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina), northern black racer (Coluber constrictor 640

constrictor) and northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon) (VaARNG, 2007). 641



4.7.3 Aquatic Resources 642

The INRMP lists 39 fish species on the installation. Examples of typical fish species include 643

creek chubsucker (Erimyzon oblongus), redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus), pumpkinseed 644

(Lepomis gibbosus), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), 645

common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), creek chub (Semotilus 646

atromaculatus), golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) and 647

channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). 648

The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation Management Act (P.L. 94-265, as amended) 649

provides for the management and conservation and management of marine fisheries and habitat 650

in the United States’ Exclusive Economic Zone. Virginia is a participant in the Mid-Atlantic 651

Fishery Management Council (MAFMC) established by the Magnuson-Stevens Act. MAFMC 652

has completed seven Fisheries Management Plans. One of the features of the FMPs is to identify 653

essential fish habitat (EFH) for species of concern. EFH is designated for waters and substrate 654

necessary to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding or growth to maturity. Federal and state 655

agencies are required to conduct consultation with the National Marine Fisheries Service 656

(NMFS) to achieve the EFH goals of habitat protection, conservation, and enhancement. None 657

of the surface waters within MTCFP have been identified as EFH. 658

4.7.4 Wetlands 659

The wetland forests occurring on MTCFP are dominated by red maple (Acer rubrum), willow 660

oak (Quercus phellos), American hornbeam (Carpinus carolinianus), American elm (Ulmus 661

Americana) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua). Common species occurring in the shrub 662

layer include the tag alder (Alnus serrulata), buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), and 663

swamp rose (Rosa palustris) (VaARNG, 2007). 664

4.7.5 Biological Resources on the Proposed Sites 665

Flora and fauna mentioned above are found on the proposed project sites where the appropriate 666

habitat exists. Fauna is not restricted from entering any portion of post. 667



4.7.5.1 Support Facilities Development Projects 668

None of the Support Facilities Development Projects, being in the cantonment area, is a sensitive 669

ecological area. The vegetation on the proposed project sites consists of short grasses and forbs, 670

wooded areas with mixed age deciduous and coniferous species typical of the upland areas of the 671

Post, or some combination of these. In addition, the area of forested wetland in the southern 672

portion of the proposed Sports/Baseball Complex is dominated by typical wetland forest species 673

and shrubs. 674

4.7.5.2 Training Facilities Development 675


The site is primarily comprised of a graveled roadway with no ground cover. Adjacent portions 677

of FP 43B are maintained with sparse short grasses and forbs present. 678



Mission support activities may occur throughout MTCFP as needed to ensure that maneuver 681

training areas remain accessible and viable to support training and mission requirements. In 682

general, building demolition activities do not occur in areas occupied by natural biological 683

communities. (See discussion in Section 5.1 for Post regulations guiding the review process for 684

approval of demolition activities.) Timber management, wildlife enhancement, and water 685

crossing construction occur as needed to maintain base support and training infrastructure. (See 686

discussion in Section 5.1 for Post regulations guiding the review process, design, and scheduling 687

of water crossing construction activities.) 688


Training activities occur throughout the training areas of MTCFP. Training activities may occur 690

in a variety of biological communities, and is limited only by active marking of prohibited areas, 691

training location approval by the Range Control Officer, and the limitation of equipment in use 692

during the training exercise. The location of training activities is coordinated by the MTCFP 693

Range Control Officer. 694



4.7.5.3.3 Controlled Access Area Live-Fire Maneuver Training Area 695

Training activities occur throughout the CAA-MTA. Training activities may occur in a variety 696

of biological communities, and are limited only by active marking of prohibited areas and the 697

limitations of equipment in use during the training exercise. The location of training activities is 698

coordinated by the MTCFP Range Control Officer. 699


Air Operations occur throughout MTCFP and its associated airspace, but typically do not interact 701

with biological communities. 702


Training activities occur throughout the training areas of MTCFP. Training activities may occur 704

in a variety of biological communities, and is limited only by active marking of prohibited areas, 705

training location approval by the Range Control Officer, and the limitation of equipment in use 706

during the training exercise. The location of training activities is coordinated by the MTCFP 707

Range Control Officer. 708


ITAM activities occur throughout MTCFP training areas for the purpose of maintaining and 710

sustaining land for on-going training activities. Activities may include a variety of actions to 711

restore vegetative cover, prevent degradation of existing vegetated areas, or otherwise manage 712

the biological characteristics of training locations. Projects are implemented on an as-needed 713

basis in order to maintain and sustain training areas. 714

4.7.6 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species 715

The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) is the primary Federal law for conservation of 716

species within the United States. The purpose of ESA is to conserve the ecosystems upon which 717

endangered and threatened species live. Federal agencies are required to protect listed species 718

and preserve their habitats, and must utilize their authorities to conserve listed species and make 719

sure that their actions do not jeopardize the survival of listed species. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife 720



Service and the Fisheries Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 721

(NOAA) have the primary responsibility for administering the ESA. 722

Three Virginia agencies have been assigned responsibility for management of rare and 723

endangered species within the Commonwealth. The Virginia Department of Agriculture and 724

Consumer Services (VDACS) has the responsibility for management of plants and insects, while 725

the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) has responsibility for animal 726

species. The Virginia Natural Area Preserves Act charges the Department of Conservation and 727

Recreation (VDCR), Division of Natural Heritage (VDNH) with developing statewide programs 728

for the conservation and protection of Virginia’s diverse natural resources. Many of these 729

statewide programs provide for the classification and protection of rare, threatened and 730

endangered species/habitat (Fleming et al., 2004). 731

MTCFP contains habitat for three federally listed species. In accordance with Section 7 of the 732

ESA, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), VDACS, VDGIF, and VDCR have been 733

consulted to obtain further information about the rare, threatened and endangered species within 734

the boundaries of MTCFP. State and Federal responses noted the presence of three species: the 735

bald eagle, the Roanoke logperch and the Michaux’s sumac (see Appendix C). The listed 736

species for fauna and flora are described below. As well, DGIF noted that the Nottoway River 737

and Butterwood Creek have been designated as Threatened and Endangered Species Waters (see 738

Appendix C). 739

4.7.6.1 Fauna 740

MTCFP contains one faunal species listed as federally threatened or endangered. Five other 741

species are listed as species of concern, which is not a regulatory category but indicates that the 742

species merits special concern. Table 4.4 lists these six species and indicates the status of each. 743

The Roanoke logperch (endangered) is protected under the ESA. Location information for 744

where listed fauna can be found at MTCFP is maintained by VAFM-E. 745

The decline in the bald eagle population was attributed to the effects of DDT and other organo-746

chlorine pesticides, and to loss of suitable habitat. In July 1999, USFWS proposed to delist the 747

species, citing recovery of the species following the 1972 ban on the use of DDT in the United 748

States, and successful recovery efforts. Final delisting of the species was completed on August 749



8, 2007; however it is still protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden 750

Eagle Protection Act. Removal of the species from the list of rare and threatened species 751

requires USFWS to monitor the status of the species for at least five years. There is currently 752

one active bald eagle nest within the boundaries of MTCFP (Mojica & Watts, 2010). The nest is 753

located within the lower reaches of the Hurricane Branch/Long Branch basin near the confluence 754

with the Nottoway River. MTCFP has implemented a 250-meter buffer around the nest and 755

restricts flyovers to 1000 feet. The areal limits of the buffer have been considered in determining 756

potential conflicts with the proposed actions. 757

Table 4.4 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Fauna at MTCFP 758

Common Name Species Name Federal Listing State Listing VDNH Listing

Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Species of Concern Threatened G4/S2S3B,S3N

Roanoke logperch Percina rex Endangered Endangered G1G2/S1S2

Bachman’s sparrow Aimophila aestivalis Species of Concern Threatened G3/S1B

Cerulean warbler Dendrotica cerulean Species of Concern NL NL

Yellow lance mussel Elliptio lanceolata Species of Concern Species of Concern G2G3/S2S3

Atlantic pigtoe mussel Fusconaia masoni Species of Concern Threatened G2/S2 G1: Global Rank: Extremely rare and critically imperiled with 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining 759 individuals; or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. 760 G2: Global Rank: Very rare and imperiled with 6 to 20 occurrences or very few remaining individuals. 761 G3: Global Rank: Either very rare and local throughout its range or found locally in a restricted range. 762 G4: Global Rank; Common apparently secure globally, though it may be rare in parts of its range. 763 NL: Not Listed. 764 S1: State Rank: Extremely rare and critically imperiled to 5 or fewer occurrence or very few remaining individuals 765 in Virginia. 766 S2: State rank: very rare and imperiled with 6 to 20 occurrences or very few remaining individuals in Virginia 767 S#B: Breeding status within the State. 768 S#N: Non-Breeding status. 769 Source: VaARNG, 2007. 770 771 The Roanoke logperch is listed as endangered by the USFWS. The VDNH has classified the 772

Roanoke logperch as extremely rare on both a global and statewide scale, with very few 773

individuals found in Virginia (VaARNG, 2007). The species occurs in four widely separated 774

rivers in the Commonwealth, including the Nottoway River. The major causes of decline include 775

excessive stream sedimentation, construction of impoundments, and associated cold-water 776

discharges (VDCR, 1994). The Roanoke logperch has been reported at MTCFP on two 777

occasions, approximately one river-kilometer upstream of Shacks Hole Road in the mainstream 778

of the Nottoway River. Additional survey work is required to assess the full population and 779



distribution of the Roanoke logperch at MTCFP (VaARNG, 2007). Habitat at the Shacks Hole 780

site consisted of deep pools and riffles. The area of pools and riffles where the logperch was 781

observed was extremely complex in terms of velocity and substrate size and was comparatively 782

silt free (VaARNG, 2007). MTCFP has implemented a 200-meter buffer around the site. The 783

areal limits of the buffer have been considered in determining potential conflicts with the 784

proposed actions. 785

The Bachman’s sparrow, Cerulean warbler, Yellow-lance mussel, and Atlantic pigtoe mussel 786

have been identified as species of concern by USFWS. The Bachman’s sparrow and Atlantic 787

pigtoe mussel are designated as threatened by the Commonwealth of Virginia. Designation as a 788

federal species of concern confers no additional protective status on the species, but indicates 789

heightened attention by USFWS regarding the status of the species. Each of the four species has 790

been reported on MTCFP. A majority of the locations where Bachman's sparrow has been 791

sighted are located within the CAA. Habitat for this species occurs south of Lake Road and 792

north of Wilcox Road. During the 2000 RTLA bird survey, two singing males were observed in 793

the northern training area, approximately 4 km north of the CAA (VaARNG, 2007). Cerulean 794

warblers have been documented in the Nottoway River macrobasin (VaARNG, 2007). Both the 795

Yellow-lance and the Atlantic pigtoe mussels have been found in the Nottoway River 796

(VaARNG, 2007). 797

4.7.6.2 Flora 798

There is one federally listed flora species at MTCFP (VaARNG, 2007.) Table 4.6 below 799

identifies the species and indicates its current status. 800

The population of Michaux’s sumac occurring at MTCFP is the largest known population and is 801

composed of numerous colonies. The VDNH considers this species to be extremely rare both on 802

a global and statewide scale. On MTCFP, the larger colonies occur in two plant community 803

types, open disturbed grasslands and oak-hickory savannas. The one common feature is that all 804

the areas have evidence of past or recent soil disturbance and frequent fire. Field observations 805

appear to support the hypothesis that Michaux's sumac requires 806

807

808



Table 4.5 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Flora at MTCFP 809 Common Name Species Name Federal Listing State Listing DNH Listing

Michaux’s sumac Rhus michauxii Endangered Endangered G2/S1

Downy phlox Phlox pilosa N/A N/A G5/S2

Old field milkvine Matelea decipiens N/A N/A G5/S2

Sedge Carex vestita N/A N/A G5/S1

Torrey’s mountain mint

Pycnantheum torrei N/A N/A G2/S2

Large marsh St. John’s wort

Triadenum tubulosum N/A N/A G4/S1

G2: Global Rank: Very rare and imperiled with 6 to 20 occurrences or very few remaining individuals. 810 S1: State Rank: Extremely rare and critically imperiled to 5 or fewer occurrence or very few remaining individuals 811 in Virginia. 812 Source: VaARNG, 2007. 813 a combination of soil disturbance and occasional fire to maintain a healthy population 814

(VaARNG, 2007.) The habitat has increased at MTCFP due to training operations that cause 815

wildfires and to controlled burning for silvicultural purposes. Fire removes competition to this 816

plant species and allows seed germination (VaARNG, 2007). 817

4.7.7 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species on Proposed Action Sites 818


There are no known occurrences of Federally-listed or State-listed endangered or threatened 820

species on any of the proposed project sites. 821

4.7.7.2 Training Facilities Development 822


There are no known occurrences of Federally-listed or State-listed endangered or threatened 824

species on the proposed project site. 825



The three species of federally listed endangered and threatened species occur at widely scattered 828

locations throughout MTCFP. The management/buffer zones associated with the Roanoke 829



logperch and the bald eagle nest are discrete sites, isolated from routine mission support 830

activities. Habitat management units (HMUs) are regions on MTCFP that are managed for 831

Michaux's sumac and its critical habitat. The establishment of HMUs on MTCFP provides 832

contiguous areas that facilitate management decisions, monitoring, research and administrative 833

actions concerning Michaux's sumac. There are nine HMUs delineated on MTCFP. The nine 834

HMUs encompass all known Michaux's sumac colonies occurring on MTCFP. Every large 835

HMU is bordered by a permanent firebreak consisting of a road (paved or gravel) or watercourse 836

(permanent stream or lake shore), which simplifies the use of prescribed fire. 837

Refer to Section 4.7.6.1 for a discussion of Bachman’s sparrow and the Pigtoe mussel. 838



locations throughout MTCFP. Endangered species management plans (e.g., Wolf & Murray, 841

2005) direct active sites, including the management/buffer zones, for the Roanoke logperch and 842

the bald eagle nest (Figure 4.4) to be off-limits for training activities; they are clearly marked for 843

avoidance by unauthorized personnel. Colonies of Michaux’s sumac are less restricted for 844

military activity, in part because the disturbance resulting from military training activities 845

appears to support the health of the community. Active colonies of Michaux’s sumac are marked 846

for avoidance during maneuver training exercises. 847



Active sites, including the management/buffer zones, for the Roanoke logperch and the bald 850

eagle nest are located to the south of the CAA. As indicated above, colonies of Michaux’s 851

sumac are concentrated within the CAA. 852

A majority of the locations where Bachman's sparrow has been sighted are located within the 853

CAA. Habitat for this species occurs south of Lake Road and north of Wilcox Road. 854

855

856




There is generally no interaction between Air Operations training and Federally-listed or State-858

listed endangered or threatened species. However, there is a no over flight zone for the active 859

bald eagle nest. 860



locations throughout MTCFP. Refer to Section 4.7.7.3.2 for a discussion of the Roanoke 863

logperch, the bald eagle, and Michaux’s sumac. 864



ITAM activities are concentrated in areas that experience the highest volume and disturbance 867

from training activities, although ITAM activities may occur wherever needed to maintain 868

training areas disturbed by military training activities. Refer to Section 4.7.7.3.2 for a discussion 869

of the Roanoke logperch, the bald eagle, and Michaux’s sumac. Active colonies of Michaux’s 870

sumac are marked for avoidance during maneuver training exercises, but may be accessed by 871

VaARNG personnel for inventory and management purposes. 872


4.8 CULTURAL RESOURCES 874

4.8.1 Background 875

4.8.1.1 Prehistory 876

Prehistoric occupation in Virginia is divided into three major periods: the Paleo-Indian (10,000 877

to 8,000 B.C.); the Archaic (8,000 to 1,200 B.C.); and the Woodland (1,200 B.C. to A.D. 1650) 878

(Boyko 2010). The Archaic and Woodland periods are further divided into early, middle and 879

late subperiods. The Paleo-Indian period is noted for diagnostic fluted projectile points. Archaic 880

period occupations are often located in bottomlands of relatively large rivers, or in rock shelters, 881

caves and other upland contexts. During the Woodland period in the interior Southeast, the 882



seasonal hunting and gathering pattern typical of the early sub-period gradually gives way to a 883

more sedentary village life by the Late Woodland period. 884

4.8.1.2 History 885

Historic Native Americans who lived in the region of MTCFP included Siouan speaking tribes 886

who were decimated by disease and warfare associated with European contact. By the mid-887

eighteenth century, very few remained in the region. 888

The Southside region of Virginia was slow to develop and was sparsely populated by English 889

settlers during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Tobacco was the primary crop 890

cultivated in the region. 891

Throughout the nineteenth century, the area was dominated by agricultural development. Small 892

crossroads settlements served as stops along stagecoach routes and, by 1850, served as railroad 893

stops. A few Civil War battles were fought through Virginia’s Southside including the last major 894

1865 battles of Five-Forks in Dinwiddie County and Sayler’s Creek in Prince Edward County. 895

The Battle of the Grove took place in 1864 three miles west of what would become Blackstone 896

(Nottoway County). After the war, residents returned to a largely agrarian lifestyle. The town of 897

Blackstone was founded in 1888. 898

In 1941, the U.S. Government purchased approximately 46,000 acres on which was established 899

the Blackstone Military Area. Camp Pickett was formally dedicated on July 3, 1942. During 900

World War II, it was a major training installation, which also served as a prisoner of war camp. 901

Combat training was discontinued at the camp in 1944 and the facility was closed in 1946. 902

Camp Pickett was reactivated during the Korean Conflict as an Army medical replacement 903

training center. The camp was placed on stand-by status in 1954. In the fall of 1960, the base 904

was renovated as a training area for all reservists in the Second U.S. Army, until its inactivation 905

in 1966. In 1974, the base was designated a permanent military reservation. In 1997, the regular 906

Army garrison at Fort Pickett was deactivated and the VaARNG assumed operation of the post. 907

908

909

910



4.8.2 Previous Historic Resource Investigations/Section 106 Consultation 911

4.8.2.1 Archeological Investigations 912

Since Godburn (1977) completed an inventory of the historic properties at MTCFP in 1977, 913

where she identified over 400 projected historic house sites, industrial sites (e.g., mills), 914

agricultural lands and cemeteries, archaeological survey has been ongoing. As of the writing of 915

this EA, over 6000 acres have been surveyed and reported on; over 2000 acres have been 916

surveyed but not reported on; and, over 1800 acres are currently undergoing survey for which 917

reports will be forthcoming. Over 300 archaeological sites have been recorded on post, ranging 918

in age from Native American Early Archaic sites to those sites relating to the establishment of 919

Camp Pickett in 1942. Over 30 of these sites have been determined eligible or potentially 920

eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). 921

No Traditional Cultural Properties (TCPs) or sacred sites are known to be present on MTCFP. 922

Although there are no federally recognized tribes within the state of Virginia, there are six 923

federally recognized tribes who are associated with lands within the state. A list of the tribes 924

contacted as part of the scoping process for this EA is provided in Section 10. 925

4.8.2.2 Historic Architecture Investigations 926

In 1995 the William & Mary Center for Archaeological Research recommended that the 3000 927

area of the original cantonment was potentially eligible for NRHP listing as an historic district. 928

This area consisted of the standard arrangement of the company barracks, mess halls, and 929

storehouses arranged in a quad and flanked by the battalion administration buildings and a 930

chapel on Armistead Avenue and the motor pool/vehicle maintenance buildings on Kemper 931

Avenue. The buildings were vacant but in good condition. Unlike most of the cantonment 932

buildings today, these buildings were sheathed in wood siding and not covered with vinyl. 933

However, since 1995 this area has seen intensive demolition. The only extant buildings in this 934

area are Buildings 3001, 3005, 3006, 3061, 3062, 3063, and 3075. Many of these extant 935

buildings have also been heavily altered. Building 3001, the chapel, no longer retains its steeple 936

and has had its original doors replaced with modern metal-frame glass doors. Renovations to 937

Building 3005 and 3007 include the application of non-historic materials. Both buildings are 938

sheathed in vinyl siding and have vinyl replacement windows. These changes have 939



compromised the area’s integrity so that it is no longer eligible for NRHP listing as a district 940

(Griffitts et al., 2009). 941

Versar, Inc. (Versar) conducted an historic architectural survey at MTCFP in 2009 to determine 942

if portions of the original World War II facility would be eligible for listing on the NRHP as an 943

historic district (VDHR # 067-0110). A representative sample of extant buildings, structures, 944

sites, districts, and objects associated with the World War II cantonment were recorded as part of 945

the survey. Versar recommended that no portion of the facility retains sufficient integrity to 946

warrant listing on the NRHP as an historic district. Historic maps and aerial photographs 947

illustrate that the original cantonment was more extensively developed than what exists today 948

and that large numbers of buildings have been demolished leaving much of the original main 949

cantonment cleared of its World War II buildings. Except for the hangar at BAAF (Building 950

T0025), no individual building or structure on MTCFP has been determined eligible for the 951

NRHP (Griffitts et al., 2009). 952

4.8.3 Programmatic Agreement (PA) 953

In 1986, the U.S. Department of Defense, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and the 954

National Conference of State Historic Preservation Offices signed a Programmatic Agreement 955

(PA) for the demolition of World War II temporary buildings at DoD facilities. The PA 956

provided for extensive documentation of subject building types as a mitigative measure for their 957

eventual demolition. Although the VaARNG operates MTCFP, the property is licensed from the 958

federal government, which retains ownership of the facility. The 1986 PA, therefore, applies to 959

all of the World War II temporary buildings at MTCFP. 960

In 1998, the United States Army, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources (VDHR) and 961

the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation signed the final Programmatic Agreement for the 962

Closure and Disposal of Fort Pickett. This PA was provided to ensure compliance with federal 963

historic preservation laws during disposal of excess and surplus property through the Base 964

Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process. 965

966

967



4.8.4 Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP) 968

In accordance with Army Regulation (AR) 200-1, DoD Instruction 4715.3, and National Guard 969

Bureau (NGB) guidance, the VaARNG has prepared an Integrated Cultural Resources 970

Management Plan (ICRMP) (Versar, 2008). The ICRMP is a planning tool to guide 971

management of identified, known, and newly discovered VaARNG cultural resources. This 5-972

year plan has been completed, reviewed and approved by the VDHR, and is used in the 973

management of VaARNG cultural resources. 974

4.8.5 Cultural Resources on the Affected Sites 975

MTCFP maintains records of cultural resources on the Post. Additional references include the 976

MTCFP ICRMP, numerous previous NEPA documents, and records on file at the VDHR 977

Archives. In addition, VaARNG contacted the six federally recognized tribes per NGB-ARE 978

policy and DoD American Indian annotated policy dated 27 October 1999 (see Section 10). 979


4.8.5.1.1 Operational Readiness Training Complex (ORTC) 981

With the exception of the temporary World War II wood-frame buildings (not eligible for listing 982

in the NRHP if they are to be demolished, per PA referenced above), there are no documented 983

cultural resources on the proposed project site. The site was surveyed for archaeological 984

resources, with the report of investigations expected to be completed by the spring or summer of 985

2011. 986

4.8.5.1.2 Visitor Control Center 987

The Pollard cemetery is in the northern portion of this proposed site, and archaeological site 988

44NT0022 is just west of this proposed site. There are no buildings or structures on the proposed 989

site. Archaeological survey is currently underway on the western portion of this proposed site. 990

The portion of the site adjacent to Military Road has undergone archaeological survey in 2005, 991

and no archaeological sites were recorded (VDHR File No. 2005-0930). The remainder of the 992

proposed site has not been surveyed for archaeological resources. 993

994



4.8.5.1.3 Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Area 995

There is one archaeological site recorded in 1998 on this proposed site, 44NT0059, in the 996

northwest portion of the proposed site. This archaeological site has been determined to be 997

ineligible for listing in the NRHP (VDHR File No. 1996-1236). The portion of the proposed site 998

east of Garnett Avenue has been surveyed for archaeological resources, as has a portion of the 999

proposed site west of Garnett Avenue, in late 2009. No archaeological sites were recorded 1000

(VDHR File No. 2010-0305). The remainder of the proposed site has not been surveyed for 1001

archaeological resources. Except for the existing pool bath house and pool (both not eligible for 1002

listing in the NRHP, based on their 1980 date of construction), there are no structures or 1003

buildings on the proposed site. 1004

The proposed project site is opposite the former Fort Pickett Officers’ Club (VDHR # 67-110-1), 1005

which is located on the north side of Military Road on Nottoway County property. The Club 1006

building has been recommended as eligible for NRHP listing. 1007

4.8.5.1.4 Sports/Baseball Complex 1008

There are no buildings or structures on the proposed site. The proposed site has been surveyed 1009

for archaeological resources in 2009; two archaeological sites were identified. Neither of the 1010

archaeological sites, 44NT0167 or 44NT0168, was determined to be eligible for listing in the 1011

NRHP (VDHR File No. 2010-0305). 1012

4.8.5.1.5 Conference Center 1013

There are three recorded archaeological sites on the proposed project site, 44NT0020, 1014

44NT0021, and 44NT0079. None were determined to be eligible for listing in the NRHP 1015

(VDHR File Nos. 1994-0217 and 2002-0428). There is one cemetery recorded on the proposed 1016

site, the Austin cemetery. Austin Place is the only building besides the three temporary World 1017

War II wood-frame buildings on the proposed site. None of the buildings is eligible for listing in 1018

the NRHP. The northern portion of the proposed site has been surveyed for archaeological 1019

resources in 2004, while the southwestern corner of the proposed site is currently undergoing 1020

archaeological survey. 1021

1022



4.8.5.1.6 Post Exchange (PX) Expansion 1023

With the exception of the temporary World War II wood-frame buildings (not eligible for listing 1024

in the NRHP) used for the current PX, there are no documented cultural resources on the 1025

proposed project site. The site was surveyed for archaeological resources (Fort Pickett Project 1026

No. 2006.30), but has not been reported on. 1027

4.8.5.1.7 Directorate of Logistics (DOL) Troop Warehouse 1028

There are no documented cultural resources on the proposed project site. The southern portion 1029

of the proposed project site has been surveyed for archaeological resources; none were recorded 1030

(VDHR File No. 2009-0061). The remainder of the project site has been surveyed for 1031

archaeological resources in 2009, but the results of the archaeological survey have not been 1032

reported. 1033

4.8.5.1.8 DPW Stormwater Improvements 1034

With the exception of the temporary World War II wood-frame buildings and structures (none of 1035

which are eligible for listing in the NRHP), there are no documented cultural resources on the 1036

proposed project site. The site has been surveyed for archaeological resources; no archaeological 1037

sites were identified (VDHR File No. 2010-0305). 1038

4.8.5.1.9 Medical Detachment Facility 1039

There is one existing building (not eligible for listing in the NRHP) on the proposed site. The 1040

proposed project site has been surveyed for archaeological resources, but the results of the 1041

survey have not been reported (Fort Pickett Project No. 2006.30). 1042

4.8.5.1.10 Dining Facility (DFAC) 1043

There are no buildings or structures on either Dining Facility site. Both proposed project sites 1044

have been surveyed for archaeological sites but have not been reported on (Fort Pickett Project 1045

Nos. 2006.13B and 2006.30). 1046

4.8.5.1.11 Post Headquarters (HQ) 1047

There are no buildings or structures on the proposed project site. The eastern section of the 1048

project site, along Military Road, has been surveyed for archaeological resources; no 1049



archaeological sites were recorded (VDHR File No. 2005-0930). The remainder of the project 1050

site has not been surveyed for archaeological resources. 1051

4.8.5.1.12 Directorate of Public Works Facilities 1052

There are no buildings or structures on the proposed project site. The project site has undergone 1053

archaeological survey, but has not been reported on (Fort Pickett Project No. 2006.30). 1054

4.8.5.2 Training Facilities Development Project 1055


The proposed site is a Firing Point along the south side of Gettysburg Road in Training Area 43. 1057

There are no structures or buildings on the proposed site, and the area south of Gettysburg Road 1058

has not been surveyed for archaeological resources. 1059



Numerous cultural resources have been documented within the boundaries of MTCFP. Mission 1062

support activities required for timber management have the potential to result in sub-surface 1063

disturbance, and field surveys are routinely conducted in accordance with the ICRMP and the 1064

Archaeology SOP, in advance of timber harvesting activity through contracted archaeological 1065

services. As well, areas proposed for excavation are routinely surveyed prior to site disturbance, 1066

in accordance with the ICRMP and Archaeology SOP. VAFM-E has an established procedure 1067

for consultation with VDHR. 1068

Undertakings involving standing structures are coordinated through VAFM-E. Under the 1986 1069

Programmatic Agreement between the DoD and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, 1070

WWII temporary structures may be demolished following DoD’s nationwide assessment of 1071

resources from the period and follow-up work to preserve important representative examples. 1072

The DoD has fulfilled its responsibilities under the Programmatic Agreement, and temporary 1073

WWII and Cold War era structures at MTCFP may be removed. Undertakings, other than 1074

demolition, involving WWII temporary structures are coordinated through consultation with 1075

VDHR. There are no NRHP listed structures within MTCFP, although the hangar at BAAF 1076



(T0025) has been determined to be eligible for NRHP listing. Many archaeological sites have 1077

been determined to be eligible or potentially eligible for NRHP listing as well. VAFM-E insures 1078

that eligible and potentially eligible properties are maintained, or that appropriate additional 1079

research is conducted prior to demolition or unavoidable disturbance. 1080


Training activities may result in subsurface disturbance from excavation or equipment use. 1082

Training areas where subsurface disturbance may occur are surveyed prior to training activities 1083

to determine whether additional excavation is warranted prior to use for training purposes, in 1084

accordance with the ICRMP and Archaeology SOP. Known sites that are eligible or potentially 1085

eligible for NRHP listing are routinely marked as restricted for training activity. 1086


Training activities within the CAA-MTA have the potential to disturb sites that are eligible or 1088

potentially eligible for NRHP listing. However, additional field investigations are severely 1089

restricted due to the high potential for unexploded ordnance in the training area. Ground 1090

disturbance by excavators is typically preceded by clearing procedures to ensure safety for 1091

personnel and equipment, and may be accompanied by archaeological surface survey of the 1092

affected area. However, ground disturbance from munitions is not preceded by UXO clearings, 1093

and no archaeological survey is carried out. 1094


Training activities associated with Air Operations as described above do not have the potential to 1096

disturb sites that are eligible or potentially eligible for NRHP listing. 1097


Training activities may result in subsurface disturbance from excavation or equipment use. 1099

Training sites where subsurface disturbance may occur are surveyed prior to training activities to 1100

determine whether additional excavation is warranted prior to use for training purposes, in 1101

accordance with the ICRMP and Archaeology SOP. Known sites that are eligible or potentially 1102

eligible for NRHP listing are routinely marked as restricted for training activity. 1103




ITAM activities may occur throughout the training areas of MTCFP, and are subject to the 1105

ICRMP and Archaeology SOP cultural resources protocols in effect for each training area. 1106

4.9 SOCIOECONOMICS 1107

32 CFR Part 651 requires an analysis of impacts to socioeconomic characteristics within the 1108

geographical Region of Influence (ROI). The ROI is the accepted geographic area with the 1109

greatest potential to be impacted by the proposed actions. Economic linkages, spatial 1110

dimensions, population centers and commercial and business centers are all factors in 1111

determining the boundaries of the ROI. Based on MTCFP’s location, the counties of Nottoway 1112

(including the town of Blackstone), Brunswick, Dinwiddie and Lunenburg were delineated as the 1113

ROI. 1114

4.9.1 Demographics 1115

The four county ROI experienced a 16 percent population increase between the 1990 U.S. census 1116

(63,349) and the 2000 U.S. census (73,823) (U.S. Census, 2000). The 2000 population of the 1117

ROI is one percent of Virginia’s total population of 7,078,515 (U.S. Census, 2000). Dinwiddie 1118

County has the largest population, which is concentrated on the eastern side of the county near 1119

the city of Petersburg. Dinwiddie County also has the greatest number of households and the 1120

highest median household income of the ROI (Table 4.7). The central and western portions of 1121

Dinwiddie County and the other three counties are rural in character with scattered farms and 1122

residences. Brunswick County has the highest percentage of minority residents at 58 percent 1123

(Table 4.8). Racial minorities make up more than a third of the populations of Nottoway, 1124

Dinwiddie and Lunenburg Counties (Table 4.8). The largest minority group within the four 1125

county ROI is African American. 1126

Three of the four counties in the ROI have a higher percentage of households and individuals 1127

living below the poverty level than does the Commonwealth of Virginia as a whole. The ROI 1128

has an average of 20 percent of the population living below the poverty level. Brunswick, 1129

Nottoway and Lunenburg Counties have poverty rates almost twice the average rate for the 1130



Commonwealth of Virginia. Dinwiddie County, with the lowest poverty rate of the four 1131

counties, is slightly lower than the statewide average. 1132

Table 4.6 ROI Profile – Population of the Localities 1133

U.S. Census Location

1980 Population

1990 Population

2000 Population

2003 Population (Estimate)

2010 Population (Projection)

Town of Blackstone N/A 3,497 3,675 3,653*** N/A Nottoway County* 14,666 14,993 15,725 15,800 15,700 Dinwiddie County 22,602 20,960 24,533 25,300 26,300 Brunswick County 15,632 15,987 18,419 18,400 18,700 Lunenburg County 12,124 11,419 13,146 13,000 13,400 TOTAL** 65,024 63,349 73,823 72,500 74,100

* Includes Town of Blackstone. **Total includes county populations only. *** Estimate for 7/1/2002 (Table SUB-EST2002-11-51. US Bureau of the Census. 7/10/2003.) Source: 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2003 U.S. Census Bureau; Virginia Employment Commission (2010 Projection).

1134 1135

Table 4.7 ROI Profile - Community Population Characteristics 1136

U.S. Census Location Pe

rcen

t Rac

ial

Min

ority

Perc

ent U

nder

18

Year

s

Perc

ent O

ver 6

5 Ye

ars

Une

mpl

oyed

Rat

e

Perc

ent B

elow

Po

verty

Lev

el

(HH

\Indi

vidu

als)

Med

ian

Hou

seho

ld

Inco

me

Num

ber o

f H

ouse

hold

s

Town of Blackstone 49.8 24.3 21.3 7.9 20.2/26.5 $27,566 1,430

Nottoway County* 42.8 22.9 17.1 5.9 15.5/20.1 $30,866 5,664

Dinwiddie County 35.4 24.0 12.2 3.8 6.6/9.3 $41,582 9,107

Brunswick County 58.0 20.5 14.5 7.2 13.2/16.5 $31,288 6,277

Lunenburg County 40.9 21.3 16.8 5.2 14.9/20.0 $27,899 4,998

Virginia 27.7 24.6 11.2 4.2 7.0/9.6 $46,677 2.7 million

United States 24.9 25.7 12.4 5.8 9.2/12.4 $41,944 105.5 million * Includes Town of Blackstone. Source: U.S. Census, 2000.

1137

1138

1139



Table 4.8 ROI Profile - Racial Characteristics of the Population 1140 U.S. Census Location White

African American

American Indian

Asian/ Pacific Other

Hispanic or Latino

Town of Blackstone 50.2% 46.4% 0.0% 0.7% 2.7% 2.4% Nottoway County* 57.2% 40.6% 0.1% 0.4% 1.7% 1.6% Dinwiddie County 64.6% 33.7% 0.2% 0.3% 1.2% 1.0% Brunswick County 42.0% 56.9% 0.1% 0.2% 0.8% 1.3% Lunenburg County 59.1% 38.6% 0.2% 0.2% 1.8% 1.8%

* Includes Town of Blackstone. Source: 2000 U.S. Census.

4.9.2 Housing 1141

According to the 2000 Census, the four county ROI for the Fort Pickett area contains 29,357 1142

residential housing units (Table 4.9). The vacancy rate in Dinwiddie County is less than the 1143

Commonwealth’s average vacancy rate, while the other three counties have higher vacancy rates. 1144

Other housing characteristics are presented in Table 4.10. 1145

MTCFP has barracks capacity to temporarily house 5,000 troops. Currently, over 54,000 1146

personnel use MTCFP facilities annually (VDMA, 1999). Kitchen facilities are available on the 1147

Post for visiting ARNG units to use but are not operated on a day-to-day basis. There are no 1148

military or civilian resident personnel at MTCFP. Personnel assigned to the Post live in local 1149

communities and surrounding counties. 1150

1151

Table 4.9 ROI Profile - Housing Characteristics 1152

U.S. Census Location

Total Housing

Units

Percent Built 1970 and After (All Units)

Percent Occupied (All Units)

Percent Single-Family

Detached

Median Value

(Owner-occupied

Units)

Median Monthly

Rent (Renter-Occupied

Units) Town of Blackstone 1,569 36.2 90.1 78.3 $64,500 $427 Nottoway County* 6,373 42.2 88.8 76.7 $73,200 $438 Dinwiddie County 9,707 64.2 93.8 79.6 $86,900 $566 Brunswick County 7,541 57.6 83.2 68.6 $73,000 $349 Lunenburg County 5,736 49.0 87.1 75.9 $60,200 $394 Virginia 2,904,192 59.2 92.9 62.3 $125,400 $650

* Includes Town of Blackstone. Source: 2000 U.S. Census Bureau.



4.9.3 Public Services 1153

4.9.3.1 Police and Fire Protection 1154

MTCFP has a post police department and a post fire department. The Police Department 1155

presently consists of Civil Service police officers, a police chief, police officers and dispatchers. 1156

The Code of Virginia, Section 44-123.3 designates MTCFP as a special jurisdiction for law 1157

enforcement purposes. Local law enforcement agencies, including the Virginia State Police 1158

Department, have concurrent jurisdiction. Violations are processed through the jurisdiction in 1159

which the offense occurred, predominantly Nottoway County. 1160

In 2001 the Post hired a fire chief and temporary and full time firefighters. There is a mix of 1161

Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) and Advanced Life Support technicians (ALS). Mutual 1162

Aid Agreements exist among the local volunteer fire departments and Fort Pickett. The Fort 1163

Pickett Fire Department is the only full time fire department in the immediate area. The 1164

following is a brief discussion of the other police and fire services within the four ROI counties: 1165

Nottoway County – The Nottoway County Sheriff’s Department and the various Police 1166

Departments (Crewe, Blackstone and Burkeville) provide police protection. The county 1167

Sheriff’s Department and the three Police Departments total a law enforcement team of 1168

38 officers and deputies. The Volunteer Fire Departments and the Rescue Squad are tied 1169

to this central system. Each town has their own fire department. The rescue squad serves 1170

the entire county. They are equipped with ambulances, crash trucks, boats and mobile 1171

generators. The volunteer members are trained in Emergency Medical Transportation 1172

(EMT), EMT Cardiac Tech, Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) 1173

and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) (Crewe Burkeville Chamber of Commerce, 1174

2001). 1175

Dinwiddie County – Police services for Dinwiddie County are provided by the Dinwiddie 1176

County Sheriff Department. The sheriff’s office is located approximately 15 miles from 1177

MTCFP. The all-volunteer Dinwiddie County Fire Department consists of approximately 1178

270 volunteers and three fire stations located throughout the county. Of the three 1179

stations, the closest Dinwiddie County fire station to MTCFP is in the town of McKenney 1180

located approximately five miles east. 1181



Brunswick County – The Brunswick County Sheriff’s Department and the Lawrenceville 1182

Police Department provide police services covering all of Brunswick County. Brunswick 1183

County Sheriff’s Department consists of 12 deputies and one sheriff. Lawrenceville, 1184

located approximately 15 miles south of MTCFP, has their own police force consisting of 1185

five officers. The Lawrenceville Police Department uses the Brunswick County 1186

dispatcher. The all-volunteer Brunswick County Fire Department is composed of seven 1187

fire stations and two rescue squads. The closest Brunswick County Fire Department 1188

station to MTCFP is Alberta, located approximately 15 miles south. 1189

Lunenburg County – The Lunenburg County Sheriff’s Department, the Kenbridge Police 1190

Department and the Victoria Police Department provide police services covering all of 1191

Lunenburg County. The Sheriff’s Department and the two town police departments total 1192

a law enforcement squad of 27 officers/deputies. All three enforcement departments are 1193

located with 20 miles of MTCFP. The Lunenburg Fire Department, an all-volunteer 1194

department, consists of three stations. The Victoria fire station is the closest to MTCFP, 1195

approximately 20 miles southwest. 1196

4.9.3.2 Medical Facilities 1197

MTCFP provides medical support presently through the Medical Command (MEDCOM) during 1198

the primary Annual Training periods (April to September) only. When MTCFP facilities are not 1199

open, and for serious medical emergencies, troop units and employees rely on the Southside 1200

Regional Medical Center, Petersburg, VA and the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA. 1201

The following is a brief discussion of medical facilities within the four county ROI: 1202

Nottoway County – Area residents utilize the hospital facilities available in nearby 1203

Farmville, Richmond and Petersburg. Southside Community Hospital, located 30 miles 1204

northwest of MTCFP, has a 117-bed capacity with medical services that include surgery, 1205

obstetrics, pediatrics, emergency care, coronary intensive care and diagnostic capabilities. 1206

More specialized care is available in Richmond at the Medical College of Virginia. The 1207

Blackstone Family Medical Center is the largest rural training facility for residents in the 1208

Commonwealth of Virginia. At this facility, several residents are available to offer a 1209

variety of medical services. 1210



Dinwiddie County – Southside Regional Medical Center in Petersburg is accessible to 1211

Dinwiddie County residents and MTCFP. This facility is a 468-bed acute care facility 1212

that offers extensive medical facilities and services that include emergency, intensive and 1213

coronary care; diagnostic capabilities and a school of nursing. 1214

Brunswick County – Neighboring hospitals in South Hill and Emporia, Virginia, provide 1215

medical service to Brunswick County residents. Community Memorial Hospital in South 1216

Hill maintains 120 general beds, 140 long-term beds and 18 staff physicians. Greenville 1217

Memorial in Emporia has 127 beds with a 16 physician staff. Both medical facilities are 1218

located approximately 40 miles south of MTCFP. In addition, there are two medical 1219

clinics in Brunswick County. 1220

Lunenburg County – There are no hospital facilities located in Lunenburg County; 1221

however, a privately operated health clinic is centrally located in the county between the 1222

towns of Kenbridge and Victoria. This facility is located approximately 20 miles 1223

southwest of MTCFP. 1224

4.9.3.3 Educational Facilities 1225

There are no preschools, elementary, middle, or high schools located on MTCFP. Each of the 1226

four counties within the MTCFP ROI operates a public school system. As well, several private 1227

schools are located within the ROI. Blackstone Primary School (public) and Lion of Judah 1228

Academy (private) are located within the Town of Blackstone, approximately 1.5 miles west of 1229

the Cantonment area. Other schools within the ROI are located more than four miles from the 1230

MTCFP boundary. Table 4.10 provides information pertaining to the number of public schools 1231

within each ROI County, as well as information about student enrollment and student/teacher 1232

ratios. Within the four county ROI, there are 24 public primary and secondary schools that had a 1233

total enrollment of 13,159 in the Fall of 2004. 1234

1235

1236

1237

1238



Table 4.10 Profile of ROI Education Systems 1239

Location

# of Elementary

Schools

# of Middle Schools

# of High Schools

Total Fall 2004 Enrollment

Student Teacher Ratio

(Elementary)

Student Teacher Ratio

(Secondary) Nottoway 3 2 1 2,491 14:1 11:1 Dinwiddie 5 1 1 4,423 17:1 9:1 Brunswick 4 1 1 2,477 16:1 9:1 Lunenburg 2 1 1 1,773 13:1 12:1 Total/Average 14 5 4 13,159 15:1 10:1 Source: School Boards of Nottoway, Dinwiddie, Lunenburg, and Brunswick Counties, 2004.

4.9.4 Regional Employment and Economic Activities 1240

Nottoway and Dinwiddie Counties have unemployment rates that are lower than both the 1241

Commonwealth of Virginia and the U.S. However, Brunswick and Lunenburg Counties have an 1242

unemployment rate that is higher than the Commonwealth of Virginia. In addition, the town of 1243

Blackstone has an unemployment rate double that of the Commonwealth of Virginia and almost 1244

double the U.S. unemployment rate (see Table 4.7). 1245

Approximately 22,231 persons living in the four county ROI are employed; roughly 30 percent 1246

of the ROI’s population. The largest provider of employment in the ROI is the government 1247

sector. The Virginia Economic Development Partnership (VEDP) reported that in the third 1248

quarter of 2000 there were 8,163 persons employed in the government sector; 36.7 percent of the 1249

total number of employees within the ROI. The two next largest providers of employment in the 1250

ROI are the trade sector and the manufacturing sector. The trade sector accounts for 21.6 percent 1251

of employment in the ROI, whereas the manufacturing sector accounts for 17.5 percent (Table 1252

4.11). The five largest non-government employers located in the ROI consist of: Wal-Mart Inc., 1253

Central State Hospital, Chaparral Virginia, Virginia Marble Corporation, and Piedmont Geriatric 1254

Hospital. Of the four ROI counties, the only county within the boundaries of a Metropolitan 1255

Statistical Area (MSA) is Dinwiddie County. Dinwiddie County is part of the Richmond-1256

Petersburg MSA, which has a total population of 996,512. Dinwiddie County’s population only 1257

accounts for approximately 2.5 percent of the total Richmond-Petersburg MSA population. 1258

1259

1260

1261



Table 4.11 ROI Employment by Sector 1262

Sector Not

towa

y C

ount

y (C

)

Not

towa

y C

ount

y (%

)

Din

wid

die

Cou

nty

(C)

Din

wid

die

Cou

nty

(%)

Bru

nsw

ick

Cou

nty

(C)

Bru

nsw

ick

Cou

nty

(%)

Lune

nbur

g C

ount

y (C

)

Lune

nbur

g

Cou

nty

(%)

Tota

l R

OI (

C)

Tota

l R

OI (

%)

Agriculture 67 1.1 98 1.1 96 1.9 60 2.2 321 1.5

Mining 19 0.3 111 1.3 46 0.9 0 0.0 176 0.8

Construction 192 3.4 618 7.1 252 5.0 280 10.2 1,342 6.0

Manufacturing 856 14.7 1,400 16.0 972 19.6 643 23.3 3,871 17.5

Transportation 205 3.5 112 1.3 282 5.7 32 1.1 631 2.9

Trade 1,288 22.1 2,195 25.2 746 15.0 572 21.0 4,801 21.6

F.I.R.E* 147 2.5 123 1.4 101 2.1 85 3.1 456 2.0

Services 809 13.8 385 4.4 1,076 21.6 250 9.1 2,520 11.0

Government 2,261 38.6 3,682 42.2 1,397 28.2 823 30.0 8,163 36.7

Total Employees 5,844 100 8,724 100 4,968 100 2,745 100 22,281 100

C = Employee Count % = Percentage * = Finance, Insurance and Real Estate

In 2000, the four county ROI for the MTCFP area contained a resident population of 73,823 1263

persons. The average household income for the ROI increased by approximately 30 percent 1264

between 1989 and 2000, from $23,008 to $32,908 (Table 4.12). Even with the increase, the 1265

average household income for the ROI is approximately $13,770 lower than the Commonwealth 1266

of Virginia’s average median household income. As for the counties, Dinwiddie County’s 1267

median household income exceeded that of Nottoway, Brunswick and Lunenburg Counties by 25 1268

percent. Dinwiddie County has the highest median household income followed by Nottoway, 1269

Brunswick and Lunenburg counties, in that order. 1270

1271

1272

1273

1274

1275



Table 4.12 ROI Income Profile 1276 U.S. Census Location Median Household Income 1989 Median Household Income 2000

Nottoway County $21,774 $30,866 Dinwiddie County $29,388 $41,582 Brunswick County $19,424 $31,288 Lunenburg County $19,459 $27,899 ROI Average $23,008 $32,908 Virginia $33,328 $46,677 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 and 2000.

4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE/PROTECTION OF CHILDREN 1277

4.10.1 Environmental Justice 1278

On 11 February 1994, President Clinton issued EO 12898, Federal Actions to Address 1279

Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations. This order directs 1280

agencies to address environmental and human health conditions in minority and low-income 1281

communities so as to avoid the disproportionate placement of any adverse effects from federal 1282

policies and actions on these populations. The general purposes of this EO are to: 1283

Focus the attention of federal agencies on human health and environmental conditions in 1284

minority communities and low-income communities and low-income communities with 1285

the goal of achieving environmental justice. 1286

Foster nondiscrimination in federal programs that substantially affect human health or the 1287

environment. 1288

Give minority communities and low-income communities greater opportunities for public 1289

participation in, and access to, public information on matters relating to human health and 1290

the environment. 1291

Consideration of environmental justice concerns includes race and ethnicity and the poverty 1292

status of populations. The population of the ROI is approximately 57 percent white and 42 1293

percent African American. The remaining one percent of the population includes other racial 1294

minority groups (i.e., American Indian). Brunswick County has the highest percentage of racial 1295

minority residents (58 percent), while racial minorities make up more than a third of the 1296

population in Nottoway, Lunenburg, and Dinwiddie Counties. 1297



Approximately 19 percent of the ROI population may be characterized as living in poverty, 1298

higher than the state average of 11.6 percent and the national average of 13.3 percent (U.S. 1299

Census, 1997). Dinwiddie County’s poverty rate is slightly higher than the statewide average, 1300

while Brunswick, Nottoway, and Lunenburg Counties have a poverty rate that is almost twice the 1301

statewide average. 1302

4.10.2 Protection of Children 1303

EO 13045, Protection of Children from Environmental Health and Safety Risk, requires federal 1304

agencies, to the extent permitted by law and mission, to identify and assess environmental health 1305

and safety risks that might disproportionately affect children. The EO, dated 21 April 1997, 1306

further requires federal agencies to ensure that their policies, programs, activities and standards 1307

address these disproportionate risks. The EO defines environmental health and safety risks as 1308

“risks to health or to safety that are attributable to products or substances that the child is likely 1309

to come in contact with or ingest (such as the air we breathe, the food we eat, the water we drink 1310

and use for recreation, the soil we live on and the products we use or are exposed to).” 1311

There are no resident children on post. Access to training ranges is restricted and controlled by 1312

gates. These gates remain locked except when authorized use occurs. Some amounts of live 1313

ordnance are used, but primarily “dummy” practice ordnance is fired on the tank gunnery ranges. 1314

Controlled access and use of “dummy” ordnance reduces health and safety risks on MTCFP. 1315

4.11 INFRASTRUCTURE 1316

A full complement of public utilities is available to serve the proposed projects. 1317

4.11.1 Potable Water Supply 1318

The town of Blackstone owns the water treatment plant (WTP) serving MTCFP (DEQ Permit # 1319

VA0005827). The WTP is located on-Post, on the west side of the cantonment area. The water 1320

treatment plant is the source of potable water for the entire installation, with the exception of one 1321

facility that obtains its water from a well. The WTP was originally designed to produce 5.0 1322

million gallons per day (mgd) of potable water. The facility is currently capable of producing 1323

3.2 mgd. The Town of Blackstone is considering an upgrade to a capacity of 4.0 to 4.5 mgd. 1324



Water distribution mains, originally developed to serve the U.S. Army activities at Camp Pickett 1325

are located throughout the installation. Three elevated storage tanks and three pumping stations 1326

are located on MTCFP (VaARNG, 2000). 1327

Fort Pickett Reservoir, on the Nottoway River in the southwest portion of the installation, 1328

supplies raw water to the WTP. The reservoir is approximately 384 acres and is capable of 1329

supplying an average capacity of 7.72 million gallons per day (mgd). 1330

Sludge from the alum treatment process utilized by the WTP is pumped to the Town’s 1331

wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). There are no outstanding Notices of Violation (NOV) or 1332

unresolved issues for the Blackstone Water Treatment Plant. 1333

4.11.2 Wastewater Treatment 1334

The town of Blackstone owns the WWTP serving the installation. The WWTP is located in the 1335

same area as the water treatment plant and provides primary, secondary and tertiary treatment for 1336

the town and for the installation. The facility is permitted for a daily treatment capacity of 2.0 1337

mgd. Current average discharge from the plant is 0.95 mgd. The treatment process at the 1338

WWTP includes mechanical bar screen and grit removal, primary and secondary clarification, 1339

dual trickling filters, denitrification, chlorination and dechlorination. Centrifuge sludge disposal 1340

is included. The WWTP operates under VPDES permit #VA00025194, with a discharge to an 1341

unnamed tributary of Hurricane Branch. There are no outstanding NOVs or Consent Orders 1342

addressing operations at the WWTP. 1343

The wastewater collection system serves all areas of the cantonment, with the exception of two 1344

buildings that utilize septic tanks and drain fields for sewage disposal. Facilities outside of the 1345

cantonment area are required to use septic systems for wastewater disposal. The installation’s 1346

sewage collection system has been rehabilitated during the 2001 to 2003 timeframe (VaARNG, 1347

2000); however, the town needs to replace the main sewer collection line due to its age and 1348

deteriorated condition. 1349

4.11.3 Energy Sources 1350

Southside Electric Cooperative (SEC) furnishes all electrical power to MTCFP and surrounding 1351

areas. An electrical transmission line originates from the Farmville Switching Station 1352



approximately 30 miles west of MTCFP. The line continues to the installation and ends at the 1353

MTCFP substation. The substation, which is owned by SEC, is located near the West Entrance. 1354

The SEC substation provides power to all facilities at MTCFP and to several surrounding 1355

communities. The majority of the installation is serviced by the MTCFP substation through 1356

numerous above ground radial lines (VaARNG, 2000). 1357

4.11.4 Telecommunication 1358

CenturyLink provides primary telephone service to MTCFP and surrounding areas. The 1359

telephone lines coming into the installation parallel Military Road and terminate at the 1360

Telephone Exchange Building (Building 1307). From the Telephone Exchange Building the 1361

lines extend to the training areas and facilities through aerial cables, direct burial cable and a 1362

conduit system. As communication lines are upgraded, they are replaced with direct burial cable 1363

(VaARNG, 2000). 1364

4.11.5 Solid Waste Disposal 1365

MTCFP operated the Trimble Road Landfill from 1982 to 1993. It was a trench-type landfill for 1366

waste generated on the installation. This landfill replaced the Dearing Avenue Landfill Area, 1367

which had been in use up through 1982. Currently, all landfills have been closed on the 1368

installation. Solid waste is collected and hauled to the Nottoway County Landfill. However, 1369

MTCFP does operate a recycling yard to reduce the amount of waste being removed from the 1370

site. MTCFP also has an agency Pollution Prevention (P2) Plan that addresses pollution, 1371

conservation and recycling issues (VaARNG, 2000). 1372

4.11.6 Transportation 1373

Access to MTCFP is available through several designated routes. U.S. Highway 460 runs east to 1374

west across the state of Virginia. The Highway is located just north of the MTCFP boundary and 1375

connects to Interstate 95 (I-95) and I-85 to the east (near Petersburg), and to I-81 to the west 1376

(near Roanoke). Virginia State Highway 40 crosses MTCFP in an east to west direction 1377

connecting Blackstone with I-85. The main entrance to the base is located at the U.S. Highway 1378

460 and Military Road junction. The East Entrance is located at Virginia State Highway 40 and 1379

Dearing Avenue. Traffic on the installation is minimal. The streets on the installation follow a 1380



traditional grid network. In addition to the traditional primary and secondary roads, numerous 1381

tank trails are located throughout the installation. 1382

The Blackstone Army Airfield/Alan C. Perkinson Municipal Airport is located south of State 1383

Highway 40 on the western side of the installation. The airport is open to both military and 1384

civilian aircraft. Commercial flights are not available at the airport. Richmond International 1385

Airport in Richmond, Virginia, approximately 60 miles northeast, provides the closest large-1386

scale commercial flight service to the area. 1387

The Norfolk Southern railroad runs along State Highway 460 north of MTCFP. The rail service 1388

extends from the Virginia Beach area to parts of West Virginia. A secondary rail line runs off of 1389

the main line into the northeast corner of MTCFP near the Main Entrance. The line provides a 1390

means of transporting equipment and vehicles to and from the installation (VaARNG, 2000). 1391

4.12 HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC MATERIALS/WASTES 1392

MTCFP activities require the use of hazardous materials, which in turn has the possibility of 1393

generating hazardous waste. These activities include vehicle maintenance, facility and building 1394

maintenance/improvements, pest and weed control, medical operations and military training. 1395

Hazardous materials are used at the following locations: the Field maintenance shop (FMS #15), 1396

the MATES, 99th RSC ECS 88, 49th Group (DRS), Army Reserve Compound and for facility 1397

improvements throughout the installation. Types of hazardous materials include asbestos, lead-1398

based paint, pesticides, solvents, degreasers and numerous other hazardous fluids. 1399

Hazardous materials and hazardous wastes at MTCFP are primarily stored in 55-gallon drums 1400

within storage facilities that have secondary containment and adequate spill prevention. Used oil 1401

generated at vehicle maintenance facilities is stored in above ground storage tanks (ASTs). It is 1402

then collected and recycled by a private commercial company. Hazardous wastes are collected 1403

and disposed of through the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office (DRMO) contract. 1404

VaARNG has developed procedural documents for MTCFP that are used to manage hazardous 1405

materials and hazardous waste. These documents include: the Hazardous Waste Management 1406

Plan/Standard Operating Procedures (HWMP) and the Integrated Spill Contingency Plan (ICP). 1407

1408



4.12.1 Environmental Areas of Concern 1409

During the BRAC 95 analysis, 200 sites having the potential for contamination by hazardous 1410

materials were identified. Further evaluation refined the list of areas of concern (AOC) by 1411

excluding sites still in use, landfills that remain the responsibility of NGB, and sites that are 1412

addressed under other regulatory programs (e.g. USTs and ASTs). Site inspections were 1413

performed on the remaining sites, with recommendations for further action on several of the 1414

sites. Subsequently, discussions with VDEQ identified the need for additional evaluation of 1415

several of the sites pending final disposition. In accordance with the requirements of VDEQ, 1416

VaARNG has undertaken the additional analysis and there are 13 potential cleanup sites of the 1417

original 200 that will eventually go into the AEDB-R. 1418

4.12.2 Aboveground Storage Tanks (AST) 1419

There are a total of 106 ASTs located in the cantonment area of MTCFP. The ASTs store used 1420

oil, No.2 fuel oil, gasoline, kerosene and diesel. The Spill Prevention Control and 1421

Countermeasure Plan (SPCCP) specify that any new AST installed on MTCFP is, at a minimum, 1422

double-walled, vaulted and with a two-hour fire rating. All new ASTs are equipped with overfill 1423

prevention and 5-gallon overfill containment systems (VDMA, 2011). 1424

4.12.3 Underground Storage Tanks (UST) 1425

There are 18 regulated USTs located in MTCFP’s cantonment areas. These USTs are used to 1426

store mobility fuels such as JP-8, diesel and gasoline. They are constructed of fiberglass, have 1427

adequate spill prevention devices, double-walled pressurized lines and have continual leak 1428

detection systems that meet the 40 CFR 268 Technical Specifications (VaARNG, 2011). 1429

4.12.4 Preventative Controls and Spill Response Procedures 1430

An Integrated Spill Contingency Plan (ICP) was developed for MTCFP in October of 2009 that 1431

satisfies the federal requirements for spill prevention control and countermeasures as codified in 1432

40 CFR 112.1, 9 VAC 25-91-170 A.1 and Army Regulation 200-1. The ICP is an informative 1433

tool for facility personnel and serves as a reference guide of the required control and preventative 1434



measures to safeguard against possible spills, and countermeasures to be taken in the event of an 1435

unlikely release. 1436



Virginia Army National Guard 5-1

SECTION 5.0 1

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2

CEQ regulations (40 CFR 1508.18) direct that environmental effects resulting from major 3

federal actions must be analyzed for three types of effects—direct, indirect and cumulative. A 4

direct effect is caused by the action and occurs at the time and place that the action is initiated. 5

Indirect effects are caused by the action but occur later in time or may be farther removed in 6

distance. Cumulative effects are those that produce an “impact on the environment which results 7

from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably 8

foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (federal or nonfederal) or person undertakes 9

such other actions” (40 CFR 1508.7). 10

Army National Guard compliance with NEPA is an NGB legal requirement implemented 11

through state Guard organizations. VaARNG has implemented a Standard Operating Procedure 12

(SOP) for NEPA review of actions at MTCFP in order to ensure that NGB legal requirements are 13

met (see Appendix A). The SOP ensures that locations designated for unit training activities 14

have been evaluated to avoid impacts to environmental resources. 15

The individual activities addressed in this EA have been grouped into three types of actions for 16

the discussion of environmental consequences: 17

1. Mission Support Facilities Construction: This component of the Proposed Action includes 18

the development of twelve facilities within the cantonment area of MTCFP. The Mission 19

Support Facility Construction projects are: 20

Operational Readiness Training Complex (ORTC) 21

Visitor Control Center 22

Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Area 23

Sports/Baseball Complex 24

Conference Center 25

Post Exchange (PX) Expansion 26

Directorate of Logistics (DOL) Troop Warehouse 27

DPW Stormwater Improvements 28

Medical Detachment Facility 29




Dining Facility (DFAC) 30

Post Headquarters (HQ) 31

Directorate of Public Works (DPW) Facilities 32

2. Training Facilities Construction: This component of the Proposed Action includes the 33

development of one facility located within the designated maneuver training areas of MTCFP. 34

The single project is comprised of: 35

Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Runway 36

3. Post Operations and Military Training Activities: This component includes six classes of 37

actions that occur periodically or continuously at MTCFP as a result of normal operation of the 38

Post, and as a result of normal training exercises. The six classes of actions are: 39

Mission Support Activities (Timber Management, Water Crossings, Demolition, and 40

Wildlife Habitat Enhancement) 41

MTCFP Mission Training Activities 42

Controlled Access Area Live-Fire Maneuver Training Area Activities 43

Air Operations 44

Asymmetric Warfare Training Activities 45

Integrated Training Area Management Program 46

While sites have been identified for development of the Mission Support Facilities and Training 47

Facilities, designs have not been completed for any of the projects. Analysis of the direct, 48

indirect, and cumulative impacts of the construction projects therefore uses a three-part 49

approach. First, the analysis considers sensitive resources located on or near the site(s) that 50

could be adversely affected by construction and operation of the facility proposed for the site. 51

Secondly, the analysis considers whether regulations and procedures that must be followed 52

during design, construction, and operation of the project are sufficient to prevent significant 53

adverse impacts. Finally, the analysis evaluates whether mitigating actions are needed and can 54

be incorporated into project designs. 55

Post Operations and Military Training Activities, unlike the facility development projects, may 56

occur at various locations, and may be conducted either periodically according to an arranged 57

schedule, or may be episodic in response to specific events or requirements. For instance, 58

training activities may involve the same general operations, conducted in and adapted to a 59




variety of physical conditions. Infrastructure repair may occur in response to specific damage 60

caused by weather, accidents or physical deterioration. Analysis of the direct, indirect, and 61

cumulative impacts of operations considered by this EA will therefore focus on whether the 62

regulations and protocols for approval and conduct of the action are sufficient to avoid adverse 63

impacts. 64

5.1 LAND USE 65

5.1.1 Proposed Action (Preferred Alternative) 66

Implementation of the Proposed Action would not create significant direct or indirect impacts to 67

land use. The proposed construction projects are consistent with existing land uses within the 68

affected areas, and would not preclude planned future uses in the surrounding area. Proposed 69

construction projects have been carefully located to avoid conflicting land uses. 70

All of the Support Facility construction projects would occur within or adjacent to the existing 71

cantonment area. The cantonment contains a variety of industrial, administrative, and 72

institutional uses needed for administering activities at the Post and for accommodating units 73

using the available training facilities. In most cases, the proposed projects replace existing 74

facilities already located within the cantonment area that are housed in substandard or temporary 75

buildings constructed during World War II or the Korean War. New facilities would allow 76

specialized military mission-support activities that are not currently accommodated at MTCFP. 77

Mission support facilities are located in already developed areas in order to minimize and avoid 78

impacts to undeveloped parts of the installation. The training sites and training activities would 79

be located in appropriate training areas well buffered from competing land uses within and 80

exterior to the Post. 81

The proposed Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) runway would use a portion of Firing Point 43B 82

and an existing stretch of the adjacent Gettysburg Road. Use of the site for non-live fire training 83

activities is compatible with other training activities occurring in this portion of MTCFP. 84

Detailed site plans would be prepared for each Mission Support Facility and Training Facility 85

construction project. Site plans would be prepared according to existing Department of the 86




Army standards and would ensure compatible building plans. Site plans would be approved by 87

the USACE prior to construction. 88

Selection of the proposed facility development sites considered compatibility with surrounding 89

uses and inter-relationships among proposed and existing activities. Development of site designs 90

for the proposed facilities would be compatible with surrounding land uses. Potential conflicts 91

between adjacent uses have been minimized in the siting of the proposed projects. Adequate 92

areas have been included in the proposed project sites to accommodate required force protection 93

measures. 94

Mission support activities already occur throughout the area of MTCFP and continuation of the 95

activities would not change existing land uses. 96

Maneuver training, engineer training, live-fire training, air operations, and asymmetric warfare 97

training activities occur on areas or associated air space previously designated for training 98

activities. ITAM activities occur on designated training lands throughout the Post. Locations for 99

all unit training activities must be pre-approved by the Range Control officer, in coordination 100

with DPW and VAFM. The NEPA SOP ensures that locations designated for unit training 101

activities have been evaluated to avoid impacts to surrounding land uses. 102

5.1.2 No Action Alternative 103

Implementation of the No Action alternative would have no direct or indirect effects on the 104

existing land use at MTCFP or in adjacent areas. Land use designation would remain the same. 105

Existing conditions would continue with minimal operational improvements and the possibility 106

of environmental degradation. MTCFP would continue to operate from structures originally 107

constructed as temporary facilities, and which have generally exceeded their expected useful life. 108

Program activities would continue to be conducted, as needed. Timber management would 109

continue in those areas designated for clearing and thinning. 110




5.2 CLIMATE 111


Implementation of the Proposed Action would have no direct or indirect effects on the climate 113

conditions at MTCFP or in adjacent areas. 114


Implementation of the No Action alternative would not affect climate conditions at MTCFP or in 116

adjacent areas. 117

5.3 AIR QUALITY 118


Implementation of the Proposed Action would not create significant direct or indirect impacts to 120

air quality. The proposed projects could cause temporary minor effects on local air quality; 121

however, suitable control measures would be used to minimize impacts to air quality. 122

MTCFP currently operates under an approved Air Pollution Control Board Permit (Registration 123

No. 30468) for multiple emission sources. 124

No determination of the Air Quality Permit requirements for the Proposed Action has been 125

issued by VDEQ. The heating requirements and fuel sources of the proposed new facilities have 126

not been determined; however, VaARNG would coordinate each proposed Mission Support 127

Facility and Training Facility construction project with VDEQ to determine whether a permit 128

modification is required. VaARNG would secure permits, if required, and comply with any 129

permit conditions imposed by VDEQ. 130

Emissions from construction vehicles would cause minor, temporary impacts to air quality. 131

VaARNG would also comply with the limitations in the use of “cut-back” asphalt in the 132

development of parking and circulation as required by the Virginia Regulations for the Control 133

and Abatement of Air Pollution. 134

Minor effects to local air quality would result due to construction activities and/or clearing 135

associated with the Proposed Action. Fugitive dust and exhaust emissions from the proposed 136




construction equipment would be sources of construction-related impacts to air quality. In order 137

to reduce impacts due to development of any of the proposed activities, best management 138

practices (BMPs) would be utilized during construction. Such practices typically include dust 139

suppression methods (i.e., soil wetting), minimizing clearing and grading, reuse of previously 140

developed sites, proper vehicle maintenance and operation, and proper use and disposal of fuels 141

and solvents. 142

Minor effects on local air quality would also result from operations at the proposed Mission 143

Support Facilities. Minor emissions would be caused by combustion of fuels for heating of 144

buildings and for vehicle and equipment operation. No major emission sources are proposed at 145

the present time; however regulated emissions sources such as tanks or heating units would be 146

included in the Proposed Action. The possibility exists that regulated activities could be added 147

in the future at one or more of the proposed mission support facilities. VaARNG would comply 148

with existing regulations of the Virginia Air Pollution Control Board prior to construction of 149

activities that include regulated sources, and would apply for permit modifications, if required. 150

Minor effects on local air quality would also result from operations at the proposed Training 151

Facility. Minor emissions would be caused by combustion of fuels for vehicle and equipment 152

operation. 153

The continuation of post operations and military training activities would cause minor impacts to 154

air quality due to emission from military vehicles and equipment. The existing Virginia Air 155

Pollution Control Board Permit, as discussed in Section 4.3.2, does not include mobile sources. 156

Military tactical vehicle emissions are exempt from permitting requirements. 157

The improvements to facilities would increase the usage of the training areas at MTCFP; 158

however, the increase would not exceed historic training levels at the Post. The existing training 159

areas would continue to be used for wheeled, tracked, and dismounted training, with occasional 160

air support. No increase in air quality impacts is expected. Emissions from these sources are not 161

subject to a permit. In order to reduce minor impacts, regular vehicle and equipment 162

maintenance would be performed. 163

Air quality impacts resulting from prescribed burning used to create and maintain ranges 164

throughout the Post would cause a short duration increase in particulate matter, carbon dioxide, 165

and other pollutants released by combustion. In order to reduce short-term minor impacts, 166




existing prescribed-burning BMPs would be utilized. BMPs such as smoke management and 167

safety guidelines have been established in the MTCFP INRMP for prescribed burnings. BMPs 168

would also include avoiding the combustion of non-organic materials. 169


Implementation of the No Action alternative would not affect the air quality on or in adjacent 171

areas. MTCFP would continue to comply with prescribed fire and dust-control management 172

measures outlined in the INRMP. MTCFP would continue to comply with emission levels 173

allowed in the Air Pollution Control Board Permit (Registration No. 30468) for MTCFP. 174

5.4 NOISE 175


Noise would continue to be generated at MTCFP as a result of post operations and military 177

training activities. Activities at MTCFP must comply with the requirements of the Noise Control 178

Act of 1972 (42 U.S.C. 4901 to 4918), which directs Federal agencies to comply with Federal, 179

State, interstate, and local requirements respecting control and abatement of environmental noise. 180

Few sensitive receptors are located in the rural areas surrounding MTCFP. One church and 181

several residences on the east side of the Post may occasionally experience noise effects from 182

training events. In order to minimize the effects of noise in those areas, VaARNG employs a 183

variety of techniques including separation, screening, and operational controls. These measures 184

are already being used effectively to manage noise impacts at the Post. 185

A temporary increase in noise levels would occur due to construction activities, and possibly 186

from an increase in traffic to and from the sites. The noise impacts would be minor, and 187

probably would not extend beyond the boundaries of the Post. In an effort to reduce minor 188

impacts due to development of any of the proposed activities, construction activities would be 189

confined to normal working hours. 190

Any construction activity at the proposed training facility would not adversely affect sensitive 191

noise receptors. Noise levels decrease with both increasing distance (separation) and the 192

presence of screening features such as berms or vegetated tracts (barriers). The Unmanned 193




Aerial System (UAS) runway is isolated from sensitive receptors and is surrounded by forested 194

land. 195

Continuation of post operations and military training activities would result in minor noise 196

impacts. Noise from training activities would generally be confined to the Post, although the 197

USACHPPM study determined that Noise Zone II for the small arms activity already extends 198

beyond the eastern boundary of Fort Pickett (see Appendix D). The USACHPPM study 199

determined that the noise zones for the small arms activity are generally contained within the 200

boundaries of the installation. The Noise Zones II and III for large caliber weapons activity 201

extend beyond the eastern boundary. Where activity occurs adjacent to the Post boundary, 202

minor, temporary noise impacts could be experienced at off-Post locations. These minor noise 203

impacts would be minimized by operational controls to avoid unnecessary disturbances. 204

Noise impacts also result from training activities as a result of vehicle operation, aircraft 205

operation, and firing of large and small caliber weapons. Approximately 75 percent of the land 206

in the area surrounding MTCFP is forested providing a natural noise barrier. The remaining land 207

is primarily devoted to agricultural uses. 208

VaARNG has determined that noise complaints are infrequent and minimal in number and there 209

appears to be a general acceptance of periodic elevated noise levels by the surrounding 210

community. As part of the noise program, MTCFP staff investigates each noise complaint. 211

Operational controls limit noise during certain days and hours during the week to minimize 212

impacts to local residents and one church. VaARNG has implemented an SONMP which has 213

further reduced adverse impacts from training activities. 214


Implementation of the No Action alternative would not alter existing noise levels on MTCFP or 216

in adjacent areas. Noise from aircraft operations, large caliber weapons, and small-arms fire 217

would continue at current levels. As detailed in the Noise Study by the U.S. Army Center for 218

Health Promotion and Prevention of Medicine, Noise Zones for small arms (Zone II) and large 219

caliber weapons (Zones II and III) extend beyond the eastern boundary of the installation (Figure 220

5.1). 221




5.5 GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND SOILS 222


There would be minor effects on geology, topography, and soils from implementation of the 224

Proposed Action. Minimal grading would be required, as most projects would reuse previously 225

developed sites that have already been leveled. Design and construction of proposed facility 226

improvements and post operations and military training activities would comply with applicable 227

requirements of the Virginia Stormwater Management Regulations and the Virginia Erosion and 228

Sediment Control Regulations. 229

The Proposed Action would comply with the Farmland Protection Policy Act (FPPA). FPPA 230

establishes criteria “to identify and take into account the adverse effects of federal programs on 231

the protection of farmland.” Several of the soils occurring on MTCFP are considered prime 232

farmland soils. However, the entire area of MTCFP has been withdrawn from agricultural or 233

silvicultural use for over fifty (50) years. Forest management activities at the Post are secondary 234

to the use of land for military training purposes. Therefore, no regulated prime farmland is 235

present at the Post. Because all of the proposed activities would occur on the dedicated military 236

training areas or within the previously developed Cantonment Area, there would be no adverse 237

impacts to prime farmland soils. 238

Construction activities and operations associated with development of the mission support 239

facilities would require selective clearing, excavation, and grading to establish suitable 240

elevations for building sites, parking lots, and landscaped areas. The construction of the 241

proposed development activities would cause minor disturbances to the site geology, topography 242

and soils during construction phases. Construction of the proposed facilities would require 243

excavation and grading, but is expected to have only a minor impact on geological features at the 244

proposed development sites because most sites have already been graded for prior development. 245

That portion of the Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) area where there are soils with a 246

slope greater than 15 % would not be graded or leveled. This portion of the project site is where 247

an archery range using existing topography and wooded areas has been proposed. The surface 248

terrain at all sites within the cantonment area and at the sites proposed for training facility 249

development has been previously disturbed. 250




Minor long-term direct and indirect impacts would occur because some soils would be 251

compacted and covered by impervious surfaces such as walkways, structures and parking lots. 252

Construction activities and operations associated with development of the training facility would 253

require selective clearing, excavation, and grading to establish suitable elevations for the UAS 254

runway. The construction of the proposed facility would cause minor disturbances to the site 255

geology, topography and soils during construction phases. Construction of the proposed facility 256

would require excavation and grading, but is expected to have only a minor impact on geological 257

features at the proposed development site because the site has already been graded for prior 258

development (during road construction and Firing Point construction). 259

Minor long-term direct and indirect impacts would occur because some soils would be 260

compacted and covered by impervious surfaces such as paved surfaces. 261

An erosion and sediment control plan and stormwater management plan would be reviewed by 262

VAFC-E prior to the commencement of construction activities. VAFC-E expects to receive 263

certification for the MTCFP Erosion and Sediment Control Plan from the VDCR. VDCR's 264

Erosion and Sediment Control Certification Program was developed to meet the mandate of 265

Section 10.1-561.1 of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Law, Regulations and 266

Certification Regulations (VESCL&R). Projects exceeding one-acre of land disturbance are 267

required to submit stormwater management plans for review by VDCR prior to the 268

commencement of land disturbing activities. An erosion and sediment control plan and a 269

stormwater management plan would be prepared for each construction project at the time that the 270

site design plan is prepared. Because MTCFP is a Federally-owned facility leased to VaARNG, 271

site designs and accompanying plans must be approved by USACE prior to construction. 272

Post operations and military training activities at MTCFP have the potential to cause minor 273

ground disturbance. However, suitable control measures are available to prevent significant 274

adverse environmental impacts. 275

Ground disturbing activities resulting from mission support and training activities tend to be 276

small disturbances required for infrastructure improvements and maintenance. Examples would 277

include excavations for water or sewer line repair, excavation of footings for bridges or concrete 278

stream crossings, contouring for placement of low-water crossings, and site stabilization 279

following building demolition. Timber harvesting may result in larger areas of ground 280




disturbance resulting from establishment of access corridors, clear-cutting, and other forest 281

management practices. 282

Ground disturbing activities from construction activities would adhere to the requirements of the 283

Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control and Virginia Stormwater Management Regulations. 284

However, post operations and military training activities are generally limited in scope and are 285

not normally required to prepare erosion and sediment control plans or stormwater management 286

plans. 287

Timber harvesting is normally conducted according to a preplanned harvest schedule. Planned 288

harvests are identified according to a five-year timber harvest plan. Unplanned timber harvests 289

may occasionally be conducted to address the effects of natural disturbances such as hurricane or 290

tornado damage and insect infestations, or for unplanned military mission needs. Management 291

practices to minimize soil impacts are identified in the MTCFP INRMP, which commits the Post 292

to strictly follow the State of Virginia BMP’s for Forestry activities. These BMP’s were 293

researched and developed by the VDOF to protect soil, waterways and biological resources from 294

unnecessary degradation from silvicultural activities. In addition, all forestry operations observe 295

the riparian and wetland management zones described in the INRMP. Landings and other areas 296

devoid of vegetation within the harvested stand would be reseeded as soon as possible, primarily 297

dependent upon time of year and weather. Standard practices developed through the LRAM 298

component of the ITAM program are used to rehabilitate any areas experiencing soil erosion as a 299

result of silvicultural activities. 300

Ground-disturbing activities are occasionally required for effective maneuver training events, 301

and may occur in training areas throughout the Post. Examples of training related ground 302

disturbing events include activities such as the establishment of defensive positions for personnel 303

and equipment (may include trenching and the construction of earthen berms), construction of 304

temporary containment berms for fueling points, general soil disturbance resulting from the 305

passage of heavy tracked vehicles. 306

Maneuver related soil disturbance tends to be localized, and MTCFP Range Control regulations 307

require training units to restore disturbed areas by regrading and stabilization prior to signing off 308

of the Post. Control measures have been established by the MTCFP INRMP that avoid 309

significant adverse impacts to soil resources. The INRMP prohibits soil disturbing training 310




activities within wetland areas and within defined riparian buffer zones. In addition, the INRMP 311

recognizes the LRAM component of the ITAM program as a significant mitigating measure to 312

restore areas affected by soil disturbing activities. LRAM actively seeks to identify areas at high 313

risk for degradation, and apply appropriate stabilization before degradation occurs. 314

Activities within the CAA-MTA present the same potential for causing minor soil disturbing 315

activities as training activities throughout the Post, and add other soil disturbing activities that 316

result from establishment of firing positions, engineer activities, and the use of live munitions. 317

Engineer activities may include the use of explosive charges for clearing (breaching) obstacles, 318

or training in the placement and use of demolition charges. 319

Control measures have been established by the MTCFP INRMP as described above. 320

Air Operations at MTCFP and its associated airspace have minimal potential to cause ground 321

disturbance. 322

Ground-disturbing activities are occasionally required for effective asymmetric warfare training 323

activities, and may occur in training areas throughout the Post. Examples of training related 324

ground disturbing events include activities such as the establishment of defensive positions for 325

personnel and equipment (may include trenching and the construction of earthen berms), 326

construction of temporary containment berms for fueling points, general soil disturbance 327

resulting from the passage of heavy tracked vehicles. 328

Maneuver related soil disturbance tends to be localized, and MTCFP Range Control regulations 329

require training units to restore disturbed areas by regrading and stabilization prior to signing off 330

of the Post. Control measures have been established by the MTCFP INRMP as described above. 331

The ITAM program is a control measure for soil disturbance created by training activities. In 332

addition, ITAM may involve soil disturbing activities as a consequence of addressing other 333

impacts of training activities. For instance, ITAM measures may include grubbing and clearing 334

stumps, construction of sediment traps and basins, and installation of measures to prevent or 335

reduce streambank erosion. 336

ITAM measures adhere to the requirements of the MTCFP INRMP to reduce soil disturbance. 337

As well, ITAM activities will adhere to normal standards for erosion and sediment control 338

required by state law and following the DCR Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. 339





Implementation of the No Action alternative would not affect the existing geology, topography 341

and soils on MTCFP or in adjacent areas. Mission support and training activities would continue 342

to be conducted, which would cause minor disturbance to the topography and soils. 343

5.6 WATER RESOURCES 344


The Proposed Action would have a minor effect on surface waters. Wastewater from the 346

proposed facilities would be treated at the Blackstone WWTP. The Blackstone WWTP has 347

existing excess capacity accommodate wastewater flows from the proposed facilities. In the 348

event that additional treatment capacity is required MTCFP would coordinate with the town of 349

Blackstone to secure additional discharge capacity under the Virginia Pollutant Discharge 350

Elimination System. 351

In-stream activities and activities within jurisdictional wetlands must comply with Sections 401 352

and 404 of the CWA, and with Virginia’s Water Protection Permit Program. Actions exceeding 353

the regulatory threshold would be required to file a permit application for review by the Virginia 354

Marine Resources Commission (VMRC), USACE, and VDEQ. The VMRC administers 355

Virginia's Joint Permit Application process which enables proponent agencies to submit a single 356

application for regulated activities in jurisdictional waters. The JPA is distributed for review by 357

USACE, VDEQ, and VMRC, as well as other interested agencies. The SOP for NEPA review of 358

actions at MTCFP commits units at the Post to obtain required permits for proposed activities. 359

The Proposed Action is consistent with Executive Order (E.O.) 11988, Floodplain Management. 360

No facility construction would occur within a floodplain, and post operations and military 361

training activities within floodplains would be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine if 362

mitigating measures are required. 363

The proposed project is consistent with E.O 11990, Protection of Wetlands. A wetland 364

delineation would be completed as part of the site design process for each Mission Support and 365

Training Facility development project. Site designs would avoid wetlands if feasible, and would 366

minimize filling within wetlands. If required, wetland mitigation would be included in proposed 367




construction project budgets. Post operations and military training activities generally have a 368

small footprint with minimal impacts to wetlands. The NEPA review SOP defines the adopted 369

process for evaluating whether mitigating measures are required for activities in floodplains. 370

The Proposed Action would have no impacts to groundwater resources. Facilities are typically 371

served by public water supplied by the town of Blackstone WTP. The Blackstone WTP obtains 372

raw water from Fort Pickett Reservoir. No groundwater withdrawals are proposed. No large 373

scale grading or excavation that would alter groundwater character in the area is proposed. 374

Fort Pickett Reservoir has sufficient capacity to supply raw water for treatment at the Blackstone 375

WTP to serve the proposed projects. Current annual withdrawals from the Reservoir are 376

approximately 326 million gallons. The Reservoir has the capability to supply an average of 377

7.72 mgd, while current withdrawals are approximately 0.8 to 1.0 mgd. 378

Construction of the proposed Mission Support Facilities and Training Facilities would result in a 379

minor increase in impervious surfaces. The increase in impervious surfaces would be minimized 380

by reusing previously developed sites, and by including appropriate stormwater management 381

strategies in facility design. The additional impervious surfaces would not result in negative 382

impacts to surface waters because site designs for the proposed facilities would incorporate 383

effective erosion and sediment control measures and stormwater management measures as 384

required by Virginia regulations. 385

MTCFP is not located within any area regulated under the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act. 386

No Chesapeake Bay Resource Protection Areas or Resource Management Areas would be 387

affected by the Proposed Action. 388

The Proposed Action would be consistent with Virginia’s Coastal Resources Management 389

Program (VCRMP). The project site is not located within Virginia’s designated Coastal Zone. 390

As well, MTCFP would obtain any necessary State permit for project included in the Proposed 391

Action. Obtaining required State permits is required for consistency with VCRMP. 392

Construction of the proposed facilities would result in a minor increase in stormwater runoff due 393

to the installation of impervious surfaces (buildings, parking areas, walkways, etc.). Approved 394

stormwater management plans would be completed during the facility design phase of the 395

project. 396




All of the proposed construction sites are located outside of the 100-year floodplain. 397

Jurisdictional waters (streams and wetlands) are present on several of the proposed sites. A field 398

reconnaissance determined that jurisdictional waters may be located on the proposed Visitor 399

Control Center site, Post Headquarters site, the Conference Center site, Morale, Welfare and 400

Recreation (MWR) site, Dining Facility B site, and the Sports/Baseball Complex site. An on-site 401

delineation and jurisdictional determination would be completed for each proposed construction 402

site in advance of site planning for the proposed site. Delineation and appropriate site designs 403

would ensure that wetland impacts are avoided or minimized and that all of the proposed sites 404

are located outside of the 82-feet (25-meter) riparian management area surrounding perennial 405

and intermittent streams and surface water bodies required by the INRMP. There would be no 406

impact upon floodplains and only minor impacts to wetlands and Waters of the United States 407

resulting from construction and operations at the proposed development sites. 408

Construction of the proposed facility would result in a very minor increase in stormwater runoff 409

due to the installation or expansion of impervious surfaces (roadway, runway). Approved 410

stormwater management plans would be completed during the facility design phase of the 411

project. 412

The proposed construction site is located outside of the 100-year flood hazard zone. 413

Jurisdictional waters (streams and wetlands) may be present on or adjacent to the proposed site. 414

On-site review of the training facility sites documented the presence of a stream or wetlands in 415

areas adjacent to the proposed UAS runway. The wetlands may not be located on the proposed 416

construction site; however an on-site delineation and jurisdictional determination would be 417

conducted prior to preparation of site design. 418

There would be no significant impact upon floodplains or surface water bodies resulting from 419

proposed Mission Support Activities. All mission support activities are reviewed prior to 420

initiation of ground-disturbing activities. Appropriate erosion and sediment control plans are 421

required. Where repair or new construction is proposed within jurisdictional waters, a Section 422

404 permit from the USACE, Water Protection Permit from DEQ, and a Subaqueous Bed Permit 423

from VMRC are obtained, if required, prior to the initiation of construction. Proper silvicultural 424

management procedures would also be implemented as described and discussed in the MTCFP 425

INRMP. 426




Generally, maneuver areas are configured to avoid wetlands and stream beds. Infringement 427

occurs when the maneuver lanes cross streambeds associated with the various streams 428

throughout the Post. Permanent crossings, approved by the regulatory agencies are used 429

throughout the MTCFP training areas. If new permanent crossings are needed, they would be 430

built using BMPs, in accordance with permits, and would be built perpendicular to the channel. 431

Temporary crossing sites to be used during training exercises would be stabilized using a variety 432

of techniques appropriate to the individual exercise. All stream crossings would be designed in 433

accordance with BMPs identified by the INRMP, and other appropriate BMPs, which would 434

mitigate and reduce stream bank damage, soil erosion and stream sedimentation into the 435

waterways. Regulated impacts to stream-beds and wetlands would require regulatory review by 436

USACE, VDEQ, and VMRC prior to initiation of training activities. 437

In addition to the MTCFP INRMP, the LRAM component of the ITAM program specifically 438

addresses present and future management concerns associated with sedimentation caused by 439

military training. The LRAM program aims to sustain long-term training, while combining 440

preventive and corrective land maintenance practices to sustain the overall condition of 441

installation lands. Where required by regulations, the USACE, VDEQ, VMRC and other 442

regulatory agencies would be involved in consultation and design review to minimize stream and 443

wetlands impacts. 444

Surface waters, wetlands, and hydric soils associated with the Birchin Creek and Tommeheton 445

Creek systems are present within the CAA-MTA. The same conditions applicable to maneuver 446

training areas throughout the Post apply within the CAA-MTA. In addition, the use of live-447

ammunition, explosive ordnance, and explosive devices associated with engineer breeching 448

activities adds an additional potential for impacts to surface waters. As with base-wide activities, 449

impacts to surface waters within the CAA-MTA are minimized by securing required state and 450

federal permits. 451

Disturbance from the use of live rounds and explosive devices is addressed by the LRAM 452

component of the ITAM program. The program strives to identify priority sites associated with 453

sedimentation caused by military training and rapidly stabilize the disturbance using a variety of 454

techniques, as appropriate. 455




There would be no impact upon floodplains or surface water bodies resulting from proposed Air 456

Operations. 457

There would be no significant impact upon floodplains or surface water bodies resulting from 458

Asymmetric Warfare Training Activities. The same conditions applicable to maneuver training 459

areas throughout the Post apply to these training activities. All activities are reviewed prior to 460

initiation of ground-disturbing activities. Appropriate erosion and sediment control plans are 461

required. Where repair or new construction is proposed within jurisdictional waters, a Section 462

404 permit from the USACE, Water Protection Permit from VDEQ, and a Subaqueous Bed 463

Permit from VMRC are obtained, if required, prior to the initiation of construction. Proper 464

silvicultural management procedures would also be implemented as described and discussed in 465

the MTCFP INRMP. 466

In addition to the MTCFP INRMP, the LRAM component of the ITAM program specifically 467

addresses present and future management concerns associated with sedimentation caused by 468

military training. The LRAM program aims to sustain long-term training, while combining 469

preventive and corrective land maintenance practices to sustain the overall condition of 470

installation lands. Where required by regulations, the USACE, VDEQ, VMRC and other 471

regulatory agencies would be involved in consultation and design review to minimize stream and 472

wetlands impacts. 473

The four-part ITAM program works to minimize the causes of adverse impacts from training 474

activities, identify areas of over-use or degraded areas, and initiate rehabilitation measures. The 475

Environmental Awareness component of ITAM provides training materials and information for 476

soldiers regarding appropriate and approved conduct on the ranges of MTCFP. This helps 477

soldiers avoid sensitive wetland and stream areas, and identifies actions to minimize impacts 478

when avoidance is not possible. Training Requirements Integration (TRI) works to ensure that 479

sufficient, high-quality training sites are available for required training activities. This helps to 480

avoid operations in wetlands or stream buffers. The LRAM component specifically addresses 481

present and future management concerns associated with sedimentation caused by military 482

training. The LRAM program aims to sustain long-term training, while combining preventive 483

and corrective land maintenance practices to sustain the overall condition of installation lands. 484

Finally, the Range Training Land Analysis (RTLA) component provides an object method to 485




identify degraded areas, assist in rotational scheduling of affected areas, and prioritize 486

rehabilitation activities. Where necessary and appropriate, the USACE, VDEQ, and VMRC are 487

involved in planning for ITAM activities to minimize stream and wetlands impacts. 488


Implementation of the No Action alternative would not affect the existing water resources on 490

MTCFP or in adjacent areas. None of the proposed construction would occur. Permits for 491

activities within jurisdictional waters of the United States would continue to be evaluated on a 492

case-by-case basis. Compliance with the existing requirements of the Clean Water Act, and 493

implementation of effective Stormwater Management and Erosion and Sediment Control during 494

design and construction and for mission support and training activities, would avoid significant 495

adverse impacts to water quality. 496

5.7 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 497


Implementation of the Proposed Action would have little impact of biological resources at 499

MTCFP. Proposed facility construction would generally occur on previously developed sites, 500

and within the intensively developed cantonment area. MTCFP is an actively managed military 501

training facility with a variety of natural habitat, forest types, and wildlife population. In part, 502

the diversity of wildlife and wildlife habitat on the Post is due to the isolation, exclusion of 503

agriculture and urban development from the training areas, and disturbance caused by military 504

training activities. 505

VAFM-E maintains a GIS-based inventory of known occurrences of state and federally protected 506

species. No known state or federally protected species would be impacted by any of the 507

proposed development activities. Coordination with Federal and state agencies, and obtaining 508

required permits would ensure that no adverse impacts to rare and threatened species or other 509

species of concern would occur. 510

The proposed training facility construction site is located within the designated training areas of 511

MTCFP. The area that would be affected by project development has already been altered by 512

past development; therefore, little natural habitat or wildlife resources remain on the proposed 513




project site. Effective design would avoid the natural habitat and forest lands surrounding the 514

site. No known state or federally protected species would be impacted by the proposed training 515

facility development activities. The proposed site does not provide habitat for threatened or 516

endangered species. There would be no significant direct or indirect impact to biological 517

resources resulting from construction and operations at the proposed development site. 518

Post operations and military training activities include on-going actions at MTCFP. The 519

activities have occurred, and will continue to occur at MTCFP in order to fulfill the military 520

training mission of the Post. The Proposed Action would continue the activities as they have 521

been carried out previously, and would not change the impacts on biological resources. 522

The training areas of MTCFP are maintained through an active program of planting, timber 523

harvesting, and prescribed burning. These management actions, described in the MTCFP 524

INRMP, create a diverse assemblage of fire maintained plant communities such as woodlands, 525

savannas and grasslands. Riparian buffers are established to protect water quality. Timber 526

harvesting activities are primarily conducted according to a planned schedule, or on an 527

unplanned basis to address specific, unforeseen disturbances such as weather related damage or 528

insect infestation, or for unplanned military mission needs. Harvesting activity is carefully 529

coordinated with VAFM-E to ensure that known populations of threatened and endangered 530

species are not affected. Avoidance of known locations, enforcement of an undisturbed buffer 531

zone, and the use of BMP’s to prevent degradation are the principal methods used to prevent 532

impacts. Timber harvesting activities at MTCFP incorporate appropriate BMP’s identified in the 533

VDOF BMP Technical Guide. 534

The Roanoke logperch would not be impacted due to the implementation of the ITAM program 535

and best management practices for soil and erosion control. Additionally MTCFP enforces a 536

200-foot undisturbed buffer around the location of the logperch site. The VaARNG has 537

developed an Endangered Species Management Plan for the Roanoke logperch. The 538

Management Plan was coordinated with and approved by USFWS and DGIF. 539

Colonies of the federally endangered Michaux’s sumac are located at various locations 540

throughout MTCFP, but are concentrated within the CAA primarily due to a combination of 541

frequent occurrence of fires, and low-intensity land disturbance. Colonies are surveyed and 542

marked for avoidance. All known areas of Michaux’s sumac on post have been marked as “off-543




limits” for training activities, such as wheeled and tracked vehicle maneuvers, that would have 544

an adverse impact the species. Due to the need for fire and disturbance for propagation, the 545

overall impact of military training is beneficial to this species (Emrick, Murray and St. Germain, 546

2003). 547

A 250-meter buffer is enforced around the known bald eagle nesting site to avoid disturbance 548

from training activities. 549

With the exception of the American Bald eagle, Michaux’s sumac and the Roanoke logperch, no 550

other listed federal threatened or endangered species have been documented to occur in the 551

training areas of MTCFP. 552

The Proposed Action would not affect the State listed Atlantic pigtoe and Bachman’s sparrow. 553

Effective erosion and sediment control measures will maintain the quality of the Nottoway River 554

as it passes through MTCFP. Known habitat for both species would not be disturbed. Relative 555

isolation and infrequent use for military training exercises are positive factors that have 556

supported the presence of both species on the Post. 557

The primary impact of maneuver training on vegetation communities is the direct reduction in 558

vegetative cover. At MTCFP herbaceous species suffer the greatest decline in vegetative cover 559

when subjected to military maneuver training (VaARNG, 2007). However, the disturbance of 560

plant communities by maneuver training can also have a positive effect on species richness. 561

Several researchers/authors, such as Emrick and Hill (1998), found that moderately disturbed 562

plant communities in the Northern Training Area of MTCFP tended to have higher species 563

diversity due to military maneuver training. 564

The effects of military maneuver training on faunal communities at MTCFP occur primarily 565

through indirect impacts on species habitat, though some faunal species may be injured or killed 566

directly by vehicle maneuvers. In 1998, Emrick and Hill also reported that the large open 567

grasslands and shrublands needed for mechanized maneuvers can actually help create habitat not 568

commonly found in the piedmont of Virginia. Training activity can enhance plant diversity and 569

complexity, which can foster higher animal species diversity, as well. 570





Implementation of the No Action alternative would not change the existing physical conditions 572

and maintenance procedures that support wildlife resources and rare, threatened and endangered 573

species on the installation. Timber management and controlled burning would continue to be 574

guided by existing procedures. The VaARNG Environmental Office carries out an active 575

program to identify sensitive species on the installation and ensure avoidance or management of 576

habitat resources, as appropriate. The INRMP, which is the primary guiding document for 577

protection of biological resources at MTCFP, would continue to be applied. No significant 578

adverse impacts to biological resources would be expected. 579

5.8 CULTURAL RESOURCES 580


The VaARNG has implemented an ICRMP, (Versar, 2008) which is a compliance and 582

management tool that integrates the cultural resources program with ongoing VaARNG activities 583

at MTCFP. The ICRMP requires a determination to be made concerning potential cultural 584

resources, prior to any land disturbance occurring for site development. 585

VaARNG would initiate Section 106 of the NHPA consultation with the VDHR prior to 586

initiation of each proposed construction project included in this EA. Memoranda of Agreement 587

or Programmatic Agreements will be prepared under NHPA for any adverse effect. The 588

archaeological survey of each Support Facilities Development Project and the Training Facility 589

Development Project would be completed during the facility design and planning process and 590

appropriate consultation would be initiated with VDHR. 591

VaARNG does not believe that any of the proposed actions have the potential to significantly 592

affect protected tribal resources, tribal rights, or Indian lands. No Traditional Cultural Properties 593

(TCPs) or sacred sites are known to be present on MTCFP. Although there are no federally 594

recognized tribes within the state of Virginia, there are six tribes that claim aboriginal land 595

within the state (as listed in Section 10). The VaARNG commander has initiated government-to-596

government consultation with these tribes. Pursuant to DoD memorandum dated 27 October 597

1999, entitled Annotated Policy Document for the American Indian and Alaska Native Policy 598




(DoD, 1999), the VaARNG forwarded scoping notices to each of the federally recognized tribes 599

describing the Proposed Action and requesting comments on the Proposed Action. Any 600

responses received from any of the tribes contacted will be listed here. A list of the tribes is 601

located in Section 10. Handling of inadvertent discoveries during construction or training 602

activities is outlined in a VaARNG ICRMP Standard Operating Procedure. 603

Archaeological surveys have been completed and reported for some project sites 604

(Sports/Baseball Complex, DPW Stormwater Improvements), partially completed and reported 605

on for some projects (Visitor Control Center, DOL Troop Warehouse, Conference Center, Post 606

Headquarters, MWR Area), have the fieldwork completed but have not been reported on (DPW 607

Facilities, Medical Detachment, Dining Facility Sites A and B, PX Expansion, ORTC). Some 608

project sites are undergoing archaeological survey on a portion of the project site boundaries 609

currently (Visitor Control Center, Conference Center). Project sites where archaeological 610

survey, including fieldwork and reporting, is still required include the Visitor Control Center, 611

Post Headquarters, Conference Center, and MWR Area. Any historic properties found during 612

surveys would be marked and avoided until appropriate consultation with VDHR is completed. 613

Therefore, no significant impacts would be expected from the construction of the proposed 614

Support Facilities, and the Proposed Action would comply with Section 106 of the NHPA. 615

Existing cemeteries are located in the northwest corner of the Visitor Control Center project site 616

and the northwest corner of the Conference Center project site. The areas of both cemeteries will 617

be marked and avoided during the design and construction phases. 618

An archaeological survey will be required for the UAS runway project site prior to any clearing 619

and construction. Any historic properties found during surveys would be marked and avoided 620

until appropriate Section 106 consultation with VDHR is completed. Therefore, no significant 621

impacts would be expected from the construction of the proposed Training Facility, and the 622

Proposed Action would comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. 623

An ICRMP Standing Operating Procedure, with VDHR concurrence, guides scheduling of 624

contracted archaeological fieldwork. Archaeological fieldwork is normally scheduled to 625

accommodate planned timber harvesting activity, but all post operations and military training 626

activities are reviewed to determine whether a Phase I archaeological survey is required prior to 627

ground disturbance. 628




While conducting a survey of the entire area of MTCFP would be infeasible, limited surveys are 629

conducted, as needed. Post regulations require that training exercises requiring excavation must 630

be coordinated through Range Operations, and that, if artifacts or bone are encountered, VAFM-631

E must be notified. Soldiers are warned that removal of cultural or archaeological artifacts is a 632

federal offense. 633

While conducting a full scale archaeological survey of the CAA would be infeasible, fieldwork 634

limited to surface survey is conducted, as needed. No significant impacts would be expected 635

from Air Operations on MTCFP or within its associated airspace, and the Proposed Action 636

would comply with Section 106 of the NHPA. 637

ITAM activities are reviewed on a case-by-case basis to determine whether a Phase I 638

archaeological survey is required prior to ground disturbance. 639


Implementation of the No Action alternative would not adversely affect cultural resources on 641

MTCFP or in adjacent areas. The VaARNG Environmental Office coordinates activities with 642

the VDHR and with the VaARNG DPW. In accordance with the Programmatic Agreement for 643

Closure and Disposal of Fort Pickett (USACE, 1998), VaARNG carries out an active program to 644

conduct archaeological and architectural surveys in advance of ground and site disturbing 645

activities. Protection of cultural resources at MTCFP is guided by the VaARNG Integrated 646

Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP) (Versar, 2008). The ICRMP establishes 647

standard procedures for preservation and protection of cultural resources at VaARNG facilities 648

throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia, including MTCFP. In addition, a Standard 649

Operating Procedure (SOP) (VaARNG, 2004) guiding the survey activities of VAFM-E at 650

MTCFP has been reviewed and approved by the VDHR. Site surveys are conducted prior to 651

timber harvesting activities as well as prior to site disturbance for construction or repair of 652

buildings, infrastructure, and ranges. 653




5.9 SOCIOECONOMIC 654


Positive benefits to the existing socioeconomic resources within the ROI would occur as a result 656

of the Proposed Action. The proposed development activities would create employment during 657

construction of the facilities, and require expenditures for construction materials and supplies, 658

which would contribute to the local economy. 659

Housing, schools and other community services are adequate for any increased demand resulting 660

from the Proposed Action. The Proposed Action would increase the over-all number of soldiers 661

who train annually at the Post, but would not result in the stationing of a permanent cadre at the 662

Post. Therefore, there would be no increase in the demand for housing and community services. 663

MTCFP operates Fire and Police services on-Post. Therefore, the Proposed Action would not 664

increase demand for Fire and Police protection from neighboring jurisdictions. 665


Implementation of the No Action alternative would potentially have a negative effect on the 667

long-term socioeconomic conditions of the communities surrounding MTCFP or in adjacent 668

areas. If the Proposed Action is not undertaken, facilities at the Post would not be up-graded and 669

maintained to support the on-going mission of the VaARNG. The long-term result could be a 670

reduction of future use for training by units from within and outside of Virginia. Reduced 671

training demand would reduce the demand for supplies and services from businesses in support 672

of the Mission Support and Training units. In addition, the No Action Alternative would not 673

result in construction of the proposed projects and the community benefits associated with jobs 674

and purchase of construction materials. Under the No Action alternative, VaARNG readiness for 675

future deployments would be compromised due to a lack of necessary improvements and 676

modernization. 677




5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE & PROTECTION OF CHILDREN 678


The Proposed Action would comply with E.O.12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental 680

Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations. The E.O. requires Federal 681

agencies to avoid actions that would have a disproportionate impact on the subject populations. 682

The ROI of MTCFP has a higher proportion of minority residents than the Commonwealth of 683

Virginia, and has a generally lower income level and higher rate of unemployment. The 684

Proposed Action would have a positive effect on the ROI due to the economic benefits of 685

construction activities as well as the continuing economic benefits derived from the operation of 686

MTCFP. The minor negative effects of the Proposed Action would be largely confined within 687

the limits of the Post and would not affect minority populations or low-income populations. 688

Noise zones for large caliber weapons firing extend off-post; however, impacts to surrounding 689

noise-sensitive receptors are mitigated by MTCFP voluntarily curtailing intensive training during 690

certain time periods. The Proposed Action would not create barriers to movement within the 691

surrounding communities, and would not displace any residences or commercial/industrial 692

businesses. 693

The Proposed Action would comply with E.O. 13045, Protection of Children from 694

Environmental Health and Safety Risk. All project activities are confined within the limits of 695

MTCFP. The facility is gated and access to the Post is controlled. There are a few residences 696

within the cantonment area that are available for use by personnel assigned to the Post. 697

However, there are no residential communities, schools, or other concentrations of children on 698

the Post. The Proposed Action would not expose children in surrounding communities to 699

environmental health or safety risks. 700


No impacts to low-income or minority populations, or to children would be expected to occur 702

from implementation of the No Action alternative. 703




5.11 INFRASTRUCTURE 704


The proposed Support Facilities would be serviced by existing water, sewer, and electrical 706

infrastructure. DPW has assessed the general capacity and condition of water and sewer service 707

lines serving the cantonment area. The capacity of existing water and sewer lines is sufficient to 708

serve the proposed facilities. Sewer lines throughout the cantonment area have been relined and 709

are generally suitable to serve the proposed facilities. Water lines are generally in suitable 710

condition to serve the proposed facilities, although the age of the lines may warrant the 711

installation of replacement lines at selected locations. Installation of replacement lines would 712

generally parallel existing lines, and would be scheduled as the need arose. 713

The Town of Blackstone WWTP is currently operating below permitted capacity, and has the 714

potential to accept an additional 1.05 mgd. The WTP plant has additional available capacity at 715

present, and the Town of Blackstone is in the process of upgrading the capacity to 4.0 mgd. 716

When the upgrade is completed, the WTP will have approximately 3.0 mgd of excess capacity 717

available to serve MTCFP. No adverse impacts would be expected from implementation of the 718

proposed construction projects. 719

The roads within the cantonment area of MTCFP and on public roads around the Post experience 720

light levels of traffic. The proposed mission support facilities would result in small increases in 721

traffic. However, generally, the proposed projects replace existing facilities that have outlived 722

their useful life. Therefore, no additional traffic is generated by those projects. 723

Increased use of MTCFP for training would result in increased use of the existing Post 724

infrastructure. The VaARNG Facilities Management Office is responsible for infrastructure 725

improvements, upkeep and replacement. The current infrastructure was designed and installed 726

during the time period when the Post supported a much greater Army training activity and 727

supported more personnel than are currently on post. All roads within the training areas of the 728

Post are controlled access, and experience very light levels of traffic except when used for 729

military maneuver training purposes. Therefore, no impacts to infrastructure would be expected. 730





Implementation of the No Action alternative would have no direct or indirect effect on the 732

existing infrastructure on MTCFP or in adjacent areas. Some aging utility lines would not be 733

upgraded or replaced as rapidly due to lack of service needs. 734

5.12 HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC WASTE 735


Operation of the proposed Mission Support Facilities would generate small quantities of 737

hazardous materials and wastes, including petroleum wastes from the normal servicing of 738

vehicles, cleaning fluids, and solvents. Used oil is received at the MTCFP Recycling Center for 739

appropriate disposal. Also, MTCFP operates a hazardous waste collection and storage facility 740

designed to store hazardous materials pending collection by a licensed waste handling company 741

for disposal at an approved facility. All hazardous materials are used and disposed of according 742

to regulatory requirements. The Soldier’s Field Card, available on-line to all personnel training 743

at MTCFP, informs personnel about proper handling and disposal of common hazardous 744

materials in use on the Post. 745

A Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan, an Installation Spill Contingency Plan and 746

a Pollution Prevention Plan are in use at MTCFP. The proposed projects would be operated in 747

accordance with the adopted spill prevention, spill contingency, and pollution prevention plans. 748

This would provide for safe and efficient operations including the reduction of hazardous waste. 749

All materials/waste would be handled in accordance with federal, state and local laws and 750

VaARNG Regulation 420-27. 751

Operation of the proposed Training Facility may generate small quantities of hazardous materials 752

and wastes. 753

Post operations and military training activities at MTCFP require consumption of fuel and the 754

generation of wastes associated with the maintenance and fueling of vehicles, and the firing of 755

ordnance. As improved facilities are provided at the Post, potentially greater quantities of wastes 756

could be generated. However, MTCFP would remain in compliance with all appropriate federal 757

and state environmental regulations and VaARNG Regulation 420-47, Hazardous/Special Waste 758




Management. No significant change in existing hazardous and toxic materials/waste handling or 759

disposal would occur as a result of the Proposed Action. 760


Implementation of the No Action alternative would have no impact on associated hazardous and 762

toxic materials/wastes on MTCFP or in adjacent areas. The VaARNG would continue the active 763

program to remediate contaminated sites and to maintain compliance with all required 764

regulations. Implementation of the No Action alternative would not affect the existing programs. 765

5.13 MITIGATION MEASURES 766

5.13.1 Mitigation measures for impacts to land use 767

No mitigation measures are required to avoid adverse impacts to land use. Continued use of 768

MTCFP as a military training facility was approved by the 1996 BRAC process, and is 769

incorporated into the Facility Use Agreement between VaARNG and the U.S. Army Forces 770

Command. The construction of the proposed support facilities would replace existing facilities 771

or provide additional capabilities to support the training mission of the Post. The NEPA SOP 772

ensures that locations designated for unit training activities have been evaluated to avoid impacts 773

to surrounding land uses. 774

5.13.2 Mitigation measures for impacts to air quality 775

No mitigation measures will be necessary to reduce any adverse environmental impacts to air 776

quality to below significant levels. Appropriate BMP’s would be employed to avoid creation of 777

fugitive dust and combustion emissions during construction and operation of mission support and 778

training facilities. Prescribed burning activities would incorporate BMP’s previously identified 779

and approved in the MTCFP INRMP. 780

Proposed emission sources such as heating units or industrial facilities would comply with the 781

existing Air Pollution Control Board Permit (Registration No. 30468) for multiple sources at 782

MTCFP, or would require a permit modification. 783




5.13.3 Mitigation measures for noise impacts 784

No mitigation measures will be necessary to reduce any adverse noise impacts to below 785

significant levels. Control measures to prevent noise impacts to the areas surrounding MTCFP 786

include separation, screening, and scheduling measures. These measures are already being used 787

effectively to manage noise at the Post. Separation of noise sources from sensitive receptors is 788

accomplished by maintaining a buffer area around the Post boundary, in part through the use of 789

the ACUB program. Where possible, the buffer is maintained in dense vegetation to further 790

attenuate noise generated by training activities. Finally, the Post maintains restrictions on time 791

of use for some activities and ranges to further reduce impacts. A noise management program 792

has been implemented. 793

5.13.4 Mitigation measures for impacts to soils, topography, and geological resources 794

No mitigation measures will be necessary to reduce any adverse environmental impacts to below 795

significant levels. MTCFP has received certification for its Erosion and Sediment Control 796

Program. The Post’s program requires review of all activities regulated by the Virginia Erosion 797

and Sediment Control Law (Title 10.1, Chapter 5, Article 4 of the Code of Virginia), and the 798

Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Regulations (4VAC50-30 as amended by the Virginia 799

Soil and Water Conservation Board). MTCFP will follow the protocols set forward in the 800

VDCR Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. 801

Appropriate silvicultural management procedures would be implemented as described and 802

discussed in the MTCFP INRMP to minimize the environmental consequences to site geology, 803

topography, and soils caused by forestry activities (VaARNG, 2007). 804

Training at MTCFP is controlled by the Chief of Plans, Training and Security. An SOP has been 805

adopted that ensures that training activities are conducted in environmentally suitable areas. The 806

SOP ensures that training activities avoid disturbing soils in wetlands, steep slopes, areas 807

reserved for endangered species, and other sensitive areas as defined by the MTCFP INRMP. 808

MTCFP has implemented the ITAM program to manage the affects of mechanized training. The 809

LRAM component of the ITAM program at MTCFP specifically addresses impacts associated 810

with training. Although not a requirement of the Army/ARNG ITAM Program, the Fort Pickett 811

LRAM program requires that any area disturbed due to landscaping or military training be 812




regraded and reseeded promptly upon completion of the exercise to prevent erosion. Maneuver 813

training is restricted from these areas to allow for vegetative growth. Typical LRAM projects 814

include the installation of seeding mats and cable concrete mats for soil stabilization. Concrete 815

crossings are constructed to create stable, semi-permanent water crossings. In addition, wire 816

baskets, or gabions, are installed on the upstream and downstream sides of low water crossings 817

to prevent washout and hold stones in place. Training and bivouac sites, and ranges are graded, 818

seeded, and stabilized as needed. 819

5.13.5 Mitigation measures for impacts to water resources 820


significant levels. Key control measures to prevent impacts to water resources are already in 822

place to prevent adverse impacts to water resources at MTCFP. 823

Erosion and sediment control and stormwater management plans are required for regulated 824

construction activities. Permanent stream-crossings have been stabilized and constructed in 825

accordance with appropriate permits. Use of temporary sites for bridge training activities would 826

be coordinated with USACE, VDEQ, VMRC, and other regulatory agencies, and appropriate 827

permits would be secured. 828

All proposed development sites are reviewed for the presence of jurisdictional waters, and 829

consultation with USACE, VDEQ, VMRC, and other regulatory agencies is initiated, as 830

required. Section 404 Permits, Virginia Water Protection Permits, and Subaqueous Bed Permits 831

are obtained prior to initiating regulated activities in jurisdictional waters. 832

Riparian buffer zones are maintained as required by the MTCFP INRMP. 833

Training at MTCFP is controlled by the Chief of Plans, Training and Security. An SOP for 834

review of training requests is used to ensure that training activities are conducted in 835

environmentally suitable areas. The SOP ensures that training activities avoid impacts to 836

wetlands, steep slopes, areas reserved for endangered and threatened species, and other sensitive 837

areas. 838

ITAM activities are actively used to avoid improper use of training area resources, and to 839

identify and rehabilitate degraded areas. 840




5.13.6 Mitigation of impacts to biological resources 841


significant levels. Existing practices are sufficient to ensure that no adverse impacts to rare, 843

threatened, or endangered species would occur as a result of facility construction or training 844

practices at MTCFP. Actions affecting biological resources at MTCFP will be guided by the 845

programs and restriction defined in the approved INRMP. As well, the VaARNG has prepared a 846

Roanoke logperch Management Plan coordinated with interested Federal and state agencies. 847

5.13.7 Mitigation of impacts to cultural resources 848

VaARNG would consult with VDHR as required by the National Historic Preservation Act and 849

the Archaeological Resources Protection Act. Phase I archaeological surveys would be 850

completed in accordance with VDHR Guidelines (48 FR 44716.44742, 1996) and the VaARNG 851

ICRMP SOP for any proposed facility site not previously surveyed and reported on, prior to 852

clearing and development. Any historic properties found during surveys would be marked and 853

avoided until consultation with VDHR is completed. Therefore, the Proposed Action would 854

comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. 855

5.13.8 Mitigation of impacts to hazardous materials/wastes 856


significant levels. No impacts from hazardous materials and wastes would be created by 858

implementation of the Proposed Action. MTCFP would continue to practice pollution 859

prevention in accordance with the spill prevention and pollution prevention plans. 860

5.14 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS 861

The Council on Environmental Quality guidelines for implementation of 40 CFR, Section 1500 862

(National Environmental Protection Act) define cumulative effects as: 863

The impact on the environment which results from the incremental impact of the action 864

when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of 865

what agency (Federal or non-Federal) or person undertakes such other actions. 866




Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively significant 867

actions taking place over a period of time. 868

Potential environmental impacts from the proposed projects in the preferred alternative are not 869

interrelated as described in the CEQ definition above. These preferred alternative projects are 870

independent of one another and potential impacts are fully disclosed in this EA thereby resulting 871

in no segmentation or incremental analysis of impacts. 872

Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future projects posing the potential for cumulative 873

environmental impacts include actions at MTCFP, and actions in the surrounding region. 874

Prominent projects occurring or proposed for implementation at MTCFP include the construction 875

of facilities previously assessed, for which a Finding of No Significant Impact was approved in 876

2005. Those facilities include: 877

Construction of a new DoD Industrial Park situated on land bounded by Hospital Road, 878

Kemper Avenue, E. 27th

Street, and East Parade Avenue (EEE, 2005). 879

Construction of a Special Warfare Center in the far southeast corner of the cantonment 880

area (EEE, 2005). 881

Construction of a new Post Support Complex within the 3000-block and surrounding 882

areas of MTCFP (EEE, 2005). 883

Construction of a new Battalion Complex within the 2800 to 3100 blocks area (EEE, 884

2005). 885

Construction of new VaARNG Headquarters at the intersection of Military Road and W. 886

10th

Street (EEE, 2005). 887

Additionally, MTCFP will be involved in transformation and training of the Pennsylvania Army 888

National Guard (PAANRG) 56th

Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT). The enhanced 889

facilities, maneuver and training range areas necessary to provide qualification training for the 890

PAANRG 56th

SBCT are covered in a separate Environmental Impact Statement, prepared by the 891

PAARNG (PAANRG, 2003). 892

Private development activity within the region surrounding MTCFP is primarily focused on 893

recruitment for new business and industrial development within Pickett Park, and on residential, 894




commercial, and industrial development within the surrounding community. At present, no large 895

development proposals are under active consideration, although the potential remains that new 896

development will be attracted to the area. 897

5.14.1 Cumulative Impacts Analysis 898

5.14.1.1 Air Quality 899

The region is an EPA designated attainment area for National and State AAQS. All equipment 900

on the installation must meet appropriate emission control standards and permit emissions limits. 901

Standard dust control measures, such as site watering, must be put in place for construction 902

activities, and Forestry BMP’s are employed on the Post to minimize silvicultural impacts to air 903

quality. Major sources of new emissions by businesses located off-Post must meet VDEQ 904

standards. Permitted, proposed, and anticipated future actions would not create adverse 905

cumulative impacts to air quality. 906

5.14.1.2 Noise 907

Current noise levels at MTCFP have been delineated. Although areas of Noise Zones II & III 908

extend beyond the eastern boundary, MTCFP would continue to minimize noise impacts by 909

employing appropriate operational controls and through the use of the ACUB program. Noise 910

complaints for proposed construction or training actions would continue to be researched and 911

documented in accordance with the Environmental Noise Management Policy. VaARNG has 912

prepared an SONMP that is implemented at MTCFP and which follows AR 200-1. 913

Industrial noise from activities at Pickett Park would be largely confined within the limits of the 914

Park and MTCFP, and should not extend Noise Zones II & III beyond the limits of the Post. 915

Permitted, proposed, and anticipated future actions would not have adverse cumulative impacts 916

on sensitive noise receptors. 917

5.14.1.3 Geology, Topography and Soils 918

MTCFP would continue to use and enforce erosion and sediment control practices and best 919

management practices to minimize soil disturbance and erosion. Vehicles on tracked vehicle 920

ranges would continue to be restricted to gravel tank trails and hardened stream crossings. An 921




Erosion and Sediment (E&S) Control Plan would be developed during the design phase of the 922

proposed construction projects. 923

Because the entire area of MTCFP has been historically used for military purposes, there would 924

be no impacts to regulated prime farmlands from any of the proposed on-Post activities. BRAC 925

analysis of the land transferred to Nottoway County and VPI&SU found that development 926

activity on the subject lands would not have a significant impact on prime farmland soils. 927

Permitted, proposed, and anticipated future actions would not have an adverse cumulative impact 928

on geology, topography, or soils. 929

5.14.1.4 Water Resources 930

MTCFP would continue to use and enforce erosion and sediment control practices, stormwater 931

management, and best management practices to minimize surface water impacts. 932

VaARNG would consult with the USACE, VDEQ, and VMRC prior to activities that affect 933

jurisdictional waters, and would obtain permits as required. Any impacts to wetlands and 934

streams would be permitted and mitigated in accordance with USACE and Virginia regulations. 935

Proposed facility construction and proposed training actions would not significantly affect 936

surface water, groundwater or floodplains. Areas within riparian buffers as defined by the 937

MTCFP INRMP would not be disturbed, thereby minimizing impacts to streams caused by 938

sedimentation or soil erosion. The ITAM program would continue to be coordinated with Range 939

Operations and VAFM-E to ensure that suitable training lands are available and that degraded 940

areas are restored to minimize the potential for erosion. 941

Nottoway County enforces an Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance. Development of 942

private activities at Pickett Park would be held to similar water quality standards as those applied 943

to activities on-Post. 944

Permitted, proposed, and anticipated future actions would not present an adverse cumulative 945

impact on water resources. 946

5.14.1.5 Biological Resources 947

There is no habitat or any documented occurrences of rare, threatened or endangered species at 948

any of the previously approved or proposed construction sites. The Michaux’s sumac colonies 949




located in the training areas of MTCFP have been surveyed and marked for avoidance; therefore, 950

no significant impact to the sumac is anticipated. Impacts to colonies of federally protected 951

Michaux’s sumac would be minimized by avoiding sumac colonies or following the species 952

management recommendations in the INRMP. The nine habitat management units described in 953

the INRMP contain one or more colonies of sumac and are located mainly in the Controlled 954

Access Area of post. According to a study done by Emrick, Murray and St. Germain (2003), the 955

past and current military use and mission of MTCFP is primarily responsible for the large size 956

and healthy status of the Michaux’s sumac population. The habitat resulting from disturbance 957

and fire is a direct consequence of military activities and appears necessary for the species’ 958

survival. 959

In accordance with its INRMP, MTCFP has developed and is implementing an Endangered 960

Species Management Plan for the Roanoke logperch to ensure the long-term viability of the 961

population. The Roanoke logperch would not be affected by previously approved or proposed 962

construction, or by post operations and military training activities due to the application of best 963

management practices for soil and erosion control and by coordinated review of training activity 964

locations that is part of the Post SOP. 965

A restricted zone will continue to be enforced around the bald eagle nesting site. 966

Off-post activities would not affect rare, threatened, and endangered species located at MTCFP. 967

Permitted, proposed, and anticipated future actions would not have a cumulative impact on rare, 968

threatened or endangered species. 969

5.14.1.6 Cultural Resources 970

Preservation and conservation of cultural resources would be handled under the VaARNG 971

Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP). All proposed construction projects 972

on the Post would be reviewed by the Cultural Resources Manager prior to the commencement 973

of any activity that may disturb or destroy a cultural resource. A Phase 1 archaeological survey 974

would be performed for any construction site where a survey was not previously completed. In 975

addition, the ICRMP has implemented a detailed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for 976

complying with inadvertent discoveries of cultural resources. The SOP complies with the DoD 977

annotated policy on inadvertent discovery. 978




The 1996 BRAC evaluation of the excessed area being developed by Nottoway County as 979

Pickett Park found no significant impacts to cultural resources would be caused by development 980

of the Park. Development of the Park must comply with existing Federal and State laws. 981

Actions on private lands surrounding the Post would not affect known historic or archaeological 982

sites located within the boundary of MTCFP. 983

Permitted, proposed, and anticipated future actions would not have a cumulative impact on 984

cultural resources. 985

5.14.1.7 Socioeconomics 986

Local employment may increase during construction and as a result of new employment 987

opportunities at MTCFP and Pickett Park. Local occupancy rates indicate that existing 988

permanent housing is available for new residents moving into the Blackstone area. Short-term 989

housing is available on-Post for soldiers temporarily stationed at MTCFP for training. Any 990

potential changes in traffic patterns due to construction actions would be coordinated between 991

the MTCFP Facilities Management Office and local law enforcement officials. 992

The local communities and MTCFP have enjoyed good relations for many years. MTCFP makes 993

recreational activities available to the general public and its personnel live in the community. 994

There would be no adverse cumulative impacts on the local communities. 995

Adverse cumulative impacts from past, present and reasonably foreseeable future projects would 996

not occur. 997

5.14.1.8 Environmental Justice/ Protection of Children 998

The previously approved and proposed construction projects would be completed within the 999

existing cantonment area. The proposed training areas are currently designated for military 1000

training. Industrial development would occur on military lands or on the area excessed to Pickett 1001

Park. No residential or business displacement would occur. No areas outside of the MTCFP 1002

boundaries would be affected. No jobs would be lost and employment opportunities would 1003

increase. No families live on-Post and military training areas are restricted for entry. 1004

Permitted, proposed, and anticipated future actions would not have a cumulative adverse impact 1005

on minority populations, low-income populations, or populations of children. 1006




5.14.1.9 Infrastructure 1007

The Town of Blackstone operates both the water treatment plant and the wastewater treatment 1008

plant serving MTCFP. Both plants have additional capacity and are capable of serving the 1009

proposed projects. The Town has upgraded the capacity of the water treatment plant. 1010

Water, sewer, and electric infrastructure already exist in the cantonment area to support the 1011

proposed mission support facilities. Water and sewer lines were originally installed to support 1012

the larger U.S. Army mission at the Post, and are adequately sized to support the proposed 1013

activities. Sewer lines have been recently rehabilitated. Selected water lines may require 1014

rehabilitation in the future. Electric service to the Post is provided by a private provider, and 1015

existing electric infrastructure has the capacity and flexibility to be upgraded as needed to service 1016

the proposed projects. Development of the training facilities and post operations and military 1017

training activities on the Post do not require installation of new water, sewer, or electric lines. 1018

Roads in the area are lightly traveled, and were originally designed and built to accommodate the 1019

higher level of traffic from the former U.S. Army garrison at Camp Pickett. There is sufficient 1020

capacity to accommodate the Proposed Action as well as other reasonable foreseeable 1021

development in the area. 1022

Permitted, proposed, and anticipated future actions would not have a cumulative impact on 1023

infrastructure needed to support actions at MTCFP and in surrounding areas. 1024

5.14.1.10 Hazardous and Toxic Materials/Waste 1025

MTCFP must comply with applicable federal, state and local laws, and regulations dealing with 1026

storage, generation, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. A Spill Prevention 1027

Control and Countermeasure Plan, an Installation Spill Contingency Plan and a Pollution 1028

Prevention Plan are in use. Hazardous materials are recycled where possible, or disposed of 1029

according to appropriate Federal and State requirements. 1030

Construction of the approved and proposed facilities, as well as private construction in the area, 1031

will generate small amounts of construction debris and small quantities of hazardous materials 1032

from construction-related activities. All wastes from activities at MTCFP are disposed of at 1033

private, state-licensed disposal facilities, as appropriate. There are no active disposal sites on 1034

MTCFP. 1035




Private development in surrounding areas is required to comply with State and Federal laws 1036

concerning the handling and disposal of hazardous and toxic materials. 1037

Permitted, proposed, and anticipated future actions would not have a cumulative impact on the 1038

generation or disposal of toxic or hazardous materials. 1039

5.14.1.11 Cumulative Effects Analysis Conclusions 1040

There are no significant long-term impacts from the Proposed Action to environmental or 1041

socioeconomic resources. Minor impacts would be mitigated using best management practices, 1042

complying with appropriate local, state, and Federal regulations, and following internal standard 1043

operating procedures. 1044

5.15 STEWARDSHIP MEASURES 1045

VaARNG will conduct wetlands delineation at each individual project site prior to construction, 1046

pursuant to the recommendation of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. No additional measures 1047

will be necessary to reduce any adverse environmental impacts to below significant levels. No 1048

significant or adverse impacts from the Proposed Action have been identified. 1049

VaARNG has implemented measures that avoid or reduce adverse impacts from project 1050

implementation. VaARNG applies the following standard requirements and operating measures 1051

to all actions at MTCFP: 1052

The NEPA Review SOP insures that construction activities and training activities avoid 1053

sensitive locations, that appropriate surveys/consultations are conducted, and that 1054

applicable permits are obtained prior to ground disturbing activities or initiation of 1055

activities within sensitive areas. 1056

Erosion and Sediment Control Plans are required for all construction projects larger than 1057

10,000 square feet on MTCFP as required by Virginia regulations and following the 1058

VDCR Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. 1059

The INRMP, ICRMP and the ITAM program will continue to be used to guide activities 1060

and design plans to limit land disturbance and impacts to surrounding land areas. 1061




Best management practices (BMP’s) would be implemented during construction, 1062

demolition and training land use to minimize dust and smoke impacts to air quality. 1063

BMP’s would be used to reduce temporary noise impacts due to construction and 1064

demolition. 1065

Establishment of permanent stream crossings and training activities in wetlands and 1066

adjacent to streams and rivers would comply with the permit requirements of the CWA. 1067

When required, VaARNG will obtain applicable Section 404 permits, Water Protection 1068

Permits, and Subaqueous Bed permits. VaARNG will use the existing Joint Permit 1069

Application process to ensure that all interested agencies are consulted about projects 1070

affecting jurisdictional waters. Where necessary, stream crossings and streambanks 1071

would be hardened or stabilized in accordance with USACE permits and 1072

recommendations, in order to minimize training impacts to surface water and wetlands. 1073

MTCFP will maintain an active program for the management and protection of rare, 1074

threatened and endangered species. The program will be guided by the MTCFP INRMP, 1075

which will be maintained and updated on a regular basis. Known colonies of Michaux’s 1076

sumac have been surveyed and marked for avoidance by troops during training exercises. 1077

Colonies have been posted with “off-limits” signage. As well, signage is in place to 1078

create buffers around the known eagle nesting site and the Roanoke logperch site. Range 1079

operations staff regularly visit range areas to ensure the signage is maintained. 1080

The INRMP would be used to guide timber harvesting. Harvesting activity adheres to 1081

forestry BMP’s to ensure proper soil and erosion control and minimization of smoke 1082

effects. In addition, timber harvesting is preceded by a cultural resources survey, with 1083

coordination with VDHR, as appropriate. 1084

A Phase I survey will be completed to evaluate potential effects on cultural resources 1085

prior to land disturbance for facility construction projects, as appropriate. Consultation 1086

will be initiated with VDHR during facility design. 1087

Based upon the analysis contained in this Draft EA, it has been determined that the known 1088

and potential impacts of the Proposed Action on the physical, cultural, and natural 1089

environment would not be significant. Implementation of the Proposed Action would result 1090




in the efficient management of MTCFP. The EA establishes explicit responsibilities, 1091

standing operating procedures and long-range goals for managing natural resources at ARNG 1092

lands in compliance with all applicable federal laws, regulations and NGB guidelines. The 1093

goals included in the EA require close interaction between the VaARNG natural resources 1094

program manager and state regulators. As a result, all natural and human resources under the 1095

VaARNG control will receive appropriate consideration and protection than previously 1096

afforded. Implementation of the Proposed Action would not result in significant 1097

environmental effects. 1098




6-1

SECTION 6.0 1

CONCLUSIONS 2

According to the findings in the Environmental Consequences section of this EA there are no 3

significant adverse impacts associated with the listed proposed actions. No mitigation measures 4

will be necessary to reduce any adverse environmental impacts to below significant levels. 5

Minor impacts from the proposed activities, however, may be controlled using a variety of 6

measures, as outlined in Table 6-1. 7

Table 6-1: Summary of Environmental Consequences and Mitigation Measures 8


Land Use No significant direct/indirect effects; no mitigation required.

Air Quality

Minor direct/indirect effects from construction activities and from controlled

burning for silvicultural management; no mitigation required. Control measures

include adhering to appropriate regulations for control of fugitive dust during all

clearing and construction activities, and use of forestry BMP’s for minimizing

smoke effects in surrounding areas.

Noise

Minor direct/indirect effects from construction activities are limited to noise from

construction vehicles traversing adjacent roads; no mitigation is required.

Limiting hours of construction activity to normal working hours would be a

sufficient control measure.

Minor direct/indirect effects from training activities extend to off-post areas

along the eastern boundary of the Post; no mitigation required. Control measures

currently include separation and screening. A noise management plan has been

prepared for the installation.

Topography, Geology,

Soils

Minor direct/indirect effects would result from clearing and construction

practices, and from actions that result in ground-disturbing activities; no

mitigation required. Control measures include the adoption of Standard

Operating Procedures to insure that construction activities and training activities

are reviewed by VAFM-E prior to ground disturbance, and that appropriate

measures are followed to minimize soil erosion. VAFM-E has the authority to

stop any project until appropriate erosion and sediment control measures are in

place. All facility/infrastructure construction, maintenance, and repair activities

must comply with adopted erosion and sediment control laws and stormwater

management laws, following the VDCR Erosion and Sediment Control

Handbook Procedures. Training activities that result in significant ground

disturbance will be managed under the Sustainable Range Program (SRP).




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Water Resources

Minor direct/indirect effects to water resources would result from implementation

of the proposed project; no mitigation required. Control measures include

compliance with existing laws. VaARNG will comply with Virginia erosion and

sediment control and stormwater management regulations. VAFM-E has the


measures are in place. Appropriate permits will be obtained prior to regulated

activities affecting jurisdictional waters. Wastewater treatment capacity is

available to serve the proposed projects.

Biological Resources

Minor direct/indirect effects on biological resources; no mitigation required.

Existing management of military training sites results in higher species richness

in some areas, and more suitable habitat for Michaux’s sumac germination.

Several rare, threatened, and endangered species are present on the Post due to

the isolation afforded by military use, which restricts agricultural uses and private

development. Existing MTCFP operating procedures guided by the INRMP

ensure appropriate protections for rare, threatened and endangered species.

Cultural Resources

Minor direct/indirect effects from construction, silviculture, and training

activities; no mitigation required. Control measures include survey by VAFM-E

prior to timber harvesting and construction activities, and on-going consultation

with VDHR for needed survey activities and preservation of National Register

eligible sites.

Socioeconomic

Minor positive direct/indirect effects due to the economic stimulus of proposed

construction activity and from the over-all economic benefits of the military

training activities; no mitigation required.

Environmental Justice/

Protection of Children Positive direct/indirect effects; no mitigation required.

Infrastructure/Utilities

Minor direct/indirect effects; no mitigation required. The proposed mission

support projects will generate a demand for water and sewage treatment and for

electrical and communication services. Control measures include separate

evaluation of utility needs during the facility design process.

Hazardous and Toxic

Materials/Waste

No direct/indirect effects; no mitigation required. MTCFP will continue to work

with VDEQ to provide needed testing and information for all AOCs. Appropriate

measures will be developed in consultation with VDEQ to rehabilitate or reuse

contaminated sites on-Post. An active recycling program will be maintained at

the Post, and all wastes will be disposed of at appropriately licensed facilities.



7-1

SECTION 7.0 1

REFERENCES 2

Angermeier, Paul L. and James H. Roberts. 2003. A Habitat Suitability Assessment for Roanoke 3 Logperch (Percina rex) at Three Stream Crossings Within the Area Affected by the Proposed 4 Infantry Platoon Battle Course at Fort Pickett, Virginia. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife 5 Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA. May. 6

Boyko, Wayne C.J. 2010. Phase I Archaeological Survey of Eight Tracts 09.15A-09.15H Totaling 57.73 7 ha (142.6 acres) in Training Areas 12, 14, 45, 46, 51, and 53, Maneuver Training Center Fort 8 Pickett, Brunswick, Dinwiddie, and Nottoway Counties, Virginia. VDHR # 2010-0391. GECO 9 Cultural Resource Report CR-3. 10

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 32, Part 651: Environmental Analysis of Army Actions; Final Rule, 11 March 29, 2002 (Replaces Army Regulation 200-2). 12

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 40, Part 50: National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality 13 Standards. 14

Conservation Management Institute (CMI). 2008. Rapid Bioassessment for Cantonment Area Streams on 15 ARNG-MTC Fort Pickett, Virginia. Report Prepared For MTC Fort Pickett by the Virginia Tech 16 Conservation Management Institute-Military Lands Division. 17

EEE Consulting, Inc. (EEE) 2005. Environmental Assessment Future Mission Requirements 2005, 18 Virginia Army National Guard Maneuver Training Center, Fort Pickett. Prepared for Virginia 19 Department of Military Affairs. Prepared by EEE Consulting, Inc. Montpelier, VA. 20

Emrick, Verl R., Rebecca Murray and Michael St.Germain. 2003. Michaux's Sumac (Rhus michauxii) 21 Management Plan for Fort Pickett-MTC (Version 1.1). Report Prepared For MTC Fort Pickett by 22 the Virginia Tech Conservation Management Institute-Military Lands Division. 23

Emrick, Verl R. and Alison Hill. 1998. Plant Community Composition of Rhus Michauxii Colonies at 24 Fort Pickett Military Reservation, Virginia. USACERL Technical Report 98/49, United States 25 Army Construction and Engineering Research Labs, Champaign, IL. 26



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Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 1979. Flood Insurance Rate Map, Dinwiddie County, 27 Virginia. Panel Numbers 510187 0200A and 0225A, Effective Date: January 17, 1979. 28

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 1981. Flood Insurance Rate Map, Nottoway County, 29 Virginia. Panel Numbers 510307 004A, 005A, and 007A, Effective Date: August 28, 1981. 30

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 1991. Flood Insurance Rate Map, Brunswick County, 31 Virginia. Panel Number 510236 0025A, Effective Date: February 6, 1991. 32

Fleming, G.P., P.P. Coulling, K.D. Patterson, and K.M. McCoy. 2004. The Natural Communities of 33 Virginia: Classification of Ecological Community Groups. Second Approximation. Virginia 34 Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA. 35 <http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/dnh/ncintro.htm. 36

Godburn, Mary Cecilia. 1977. Historic Properties Survey, Fort Pickett, Virginia. Unpublished ms. On file, 37 VAFM-E Cultural Resources Office, Maneuver Training Center Fort Pickett, Virginia. 38

Gravatt, Dennis et al. 1999. Delineation of Wetlands and Other Regulated Waters at Fort Pickett, 39 Virginia. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experimental Station. 40

Griffitts, Eric et al. 2009. Architectural Survey and Historic District Evaluation of MTC-Fort Pickett, 41 Virginia Army National Guard. Versar, Inc. Springfield, VA. 42

McIninch, Stephen and Greg Garman. 2002. Survey for Roanoke Logperch, Percina rex, from the 43 Nottoway River System, Chowan Drainage, Virginia. Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia 44 Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. 45

Mojica, E.K. and B.D. Watts. 2010. Surveys of Nesting Bald Eagles and Great Blue Herons on MTC 46 Fort Pickett 2008-2010. Center for Conservation Biology Technical Report Series, CCBTR-10-47 08. College of William and Mary & Virginia Commonwealth University, Williamsburg, VA. 6 48 pp. 49

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), 1996. Soil Survey for Dinwiddie Area, Virginia. U.S. 50 Department of Agriculture, Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 51 University. 52

Pennsylvania Army National Guard (PAARNG). 2003. Final Description of Proposed Action and 53 Alternatives (DOPAA) for the Transformation of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard 54



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(PAARNG) 56th Brigade into a Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT). AMEC Earth & 55 Environmental, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA. April. 56

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 1997. Environmental Baseline Survey Report, Fort Pickett, 57 Virginia. U.S. Army Base Realignment and Closure 95 Program. By Woodward-Clyde Federal 58 Services, Denver; USACE, Norfolk District; USACE, Seattle District. February 25. 59

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 1998. Programmatic Agreement among U.S. Army, VA State 60 Historic Preservation Officer, and Advisory County on Historic Preservation for the Closure and 61 Disposal of Fort Pickett, Virginia. USACE, Base Realignment and Closure Division. 62

U.S. Army Forces Command. 1998. Final Environmental Assessment for BRAC 95 Disposal and Reuse 63 of Fort Pickett, Virginia. By USACE, Norfolk District with technical assistance from Tetra Tech, 64 Inc. September. 65

U.S. Bureau of the Census (U.S. Census). 2000. www.factfinder.census.gov. 66

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), 2001. 67 Preliminary Soil Survey for Fort Pickett-ARNG MTC. Farmville Task Office in Farmville, 68 Virginia. 69

U.S. Department of the Army, 1998a. Facility Use Agreement for Training and Support of the Virginia 70 Army National Guard and Other Department of Defense Activities, Fort Pickett Military 71 Reservation. Agreement no. DACA65-3-98. 72

U.S. Department of the Army, 1998b. Pamphlet 200-4, Cultural Resources Management. HQ, 73 Washington, DC, October 1. 74

U.S. Department of the Army. 2007. Environmental Protection and Enhancement, Army Regulation 75 200-1. 76

U.S. Department of the Army and the Air Force, National Guard Bureau (NGB), 2001. Request for 77 Acceptance of Environmental Areas of Concern (AOC) at Fort Pickett. Memorandum from COL 78 Richard O. Murphy, NGB, through Mr. Dillard Horton, USACE, to Adjutant General of Virginia, 79 Attn: VAFM, Fort Pickett. 80

U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). 1999. Annotated Policy Document for the American Indian and 81 Alaska Native Policy. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense. 82



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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2004. EPA AIRS Graphics, Nonattainment Areas 83 Map. http://www.epa.gov/agweb/nonat.html. 84

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1980. 7.5 Minute Topography Map: Danieltown, Virginia. 85

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1986. 7.5 Minute Topography Map: Blackstone West, Virginia. 86

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1986. 7.5 Minute Topography Map: Darvilles, Virginia. 87

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1986. 7.5 Minute Topography Map: Kenbridge, Virginia. 88

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1986. 7.5 Minute Topography Map: Warfield, Virginia. 89

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1987. 7.5 Minute Topography Map: Blackstone East, Virginia. 90

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1997. Groundwater Atlas of the United States. HA 730-L. 91

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2002. Earthquake Hazards Program; Seismic Hazard by Zipcode. 92 http://equint.cr.usgs.gov/eq/cgi-bin/zipcode.cgi. 93

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2004. Hydrologic Unit Maps, Boundary Descriptions and Names of 94 Regions, Subregions, Accounting Units, and Cataloguing Units. Water Resources Division. 95 http://water.USGS.gov/GIS/huc.html. 96

Versar, Inc. 2008. Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan Revision for Facilities of the 97 Virginia Army National Guard, Fiscal Years 2008-2012. Prepared for Virginia Department of 98 Military Affairs. Prepared by Versar, Inc. Springfield, VA. 99

Virginia Army National Guard (VaARNG). 2000. Real Property Development Plan (RPDP), Fort 100 Pickett-ARNG MTC. By Nakata Planning Group, LLC. Colorado Springs. October. 101

Virginia Army National Guard (VaARNG). 2001a. Range and Training Land Program Development 102 Plan (RDP), Fort Pickett-ARNG MTC. By Nakata Planning Group, LLC. Colorado Springs. 103 January. 104

Virginia Army National Guard (VaARNG). 2004. Archaeology Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). 105

Virginia Army National Guard (VaARNG). 2007. Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan and 106 Environmental Assessment, Fort Pickett Maneuver Training Center, Blackstone, Virginia. By 107

http://www.epa.gov/agweb/nonat.html

http://equint.cr.usgs.gov/eq/cgi-bin/zipcode.cgi

http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc.html



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Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Conservation Management Institute, Military 108 Lands Division. 109

Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Division of Natural Heritage (VDCR). 1994. Final 110 Report, Fort Pickett, Virginia, Natural Heritage Inventory. Natural Heritage Technical Report no. 111 94-3. Richmond. June. 112

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ), 2004. Virginia Air Regulations, 9 VAC 5-30-113 10: Ambient Air Quality Standards. 114

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ). 2004b. Virginia 305(b)/303(d) Water Quality 115 Integrated Report to Congress and the EPA Administrator for the Period January 1, 1998 to 116 December 31, 2002. 117

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). 2004c. Environmental Impact Review 118 Procedures. http://www.deq.virginia.gov/eir/stateimpact.html. 119

Virginia Department of Forestry (VDOF), 1998. Virginia’s Smoke Management Guidelines. 120 http://www.dof.virginia.gov/resources/fire-prescribed-fire-mgmt.pdf. 121

Virginia Department of Military Affairs (VDMA). 1999. Virginia Army National Guard, Maneuver 122 Training Center-Fort Pickett. Spill Prevention, Control & Countermeasures Plan. By Marshall 123 Miller & Associates. Ashland, Virginia. October. 124

Weston, Roy F., Inc., 2000. Background Soil Survey of Excess Property – Final. U.S. Army Base 125 Realignment and Closure 95 Program, Fort Pickett, Blackstone, Virginia. Prepared for Fort 126 Pickett BRAC Cleanup Team. 127

Wolf, Eric D and Rebecca L Murray. 2005. Endangered species management plan for the Roanoke 128 logperch (Percina rex) at Army National Guard Maneuver Training Center Fort Pickett, Virginia. 129 CMI-MLD R-29. 130

131

http://www.deq.virginia.gov/eir/stateimpact.html

http://www.dof.virginia.gov/resources/fire-prescribed-fire-mgmt.pdf




8-1

SECTION 8.0 1

GLOSSARY 2

Abatement: Reducing the degree or intensity of, or eliminating pollution. 3

Adaptive Management: A type of natural resource management that implies making decisions 4

as part of an on-going process. Monitoring the results of actions will provide a flow of 5

information that may indicate the need to change a course of action. Scientific findings and the 6

needs of society may also indicate the need to adapt resource management to new information. 7

Affected Environment: The existing environment to be affected by a proposed action and 8

alternatives. 9

Air Quality Standards: The level of pollutants prescribed by regulations that are not being 10

exceeded during a given time in a defined area. 11

Air Quality Criteria: The levels of pollution and lengths of exposure above which adverse 12

health and welfare effects may occur. 13

Ambient Air: Any unconfined portion of the atmosphere: open air, surrounding air. 14

Aquifer: A water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand or gravel. 15

Aspect: The compass direction toward which a slope faces, measured in degrees from North in a 16

clockwise direction. 17

Attainment Area: An area considered to have air quality as good as or better than the national 18

ambient air quality standards as defined in the Clean Air Act. An area may be an attainment area 19

for one pollutant and a non-attainment area for others. 20

Best Management Practices: Methods that have been determined to be the most effective, 21

practical means of preventing or reducing pollution or other adverse environmental impacts. 22

Biocontrol: The control of insect pests and diseases through the use of a living organism. 23

Biological Diversity: Refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the 24

ecological complexes in which they occur. Diversity can be defined as the number of different 25

items and their relative frequencies. For biological diversity, these items are organized at many 26




8-2

levels, ranging from complete ecosystems to the biochemical structures that are the molecular 27

basis of heredity. Thus, the term encompasses different ecosystems, species and genes. 28

Biotic Environment: A naturally occurring assemblage of plants and animals that live in the 29

same environment and are mutually sustaining and interdependent. 30

Buffer: A defined area adjacent to a water body or other sensitive resource, within which 31

specific practices harmful to the water body or sensitive resource may be restricted. Designated 32

buffers mentioned in the MTC Fort Pickett INRMP include wetland and riparian management 33

zones, and a 250-meter buffer around all active bald eagle nests. The INRMP also discusses the 34

use of cleared buffer strips used to control insect infestations. 35

Carrying Capacity: The limited size of a given population that can be supported by an 36

ecosystem over a period of time and under a given set of environmental conditions. 37

Clean Air Act (CAA) (42U.S.C.§§7401-7671g): The comprehensive federal law that regulates 38

air emissions from area, stationary, and mobile sources. This law authorizes the U.S. 39

Environmental Protection Agency to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards 40

(NAAQS) to protect public health and the environment. 41

Clean Water Act (CWA) (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.): Amendment to the Federal Water Pollution 42

Control Act of 1972, which set the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants to 43

waters of the United States. 44

Climate: The meteorological conditions, including temperature, precipitation and wind that 45

characteristically prevail in a particular region. 46

Conservation Easement: An easement restricting a landowner to land uses that are compatible 47

with long-term conservation and environmental values. 48

Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ): Established by Congress within the Executive 49

Office of the President with passage of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. CEQ 50

coordinates federal environmental efforts and works closely with agencies and other White 51

House offices in the development of environmental policies and initiatives. 52

Criteria Pollutants: The 1970 amendments to the Clean Air Act requiring EPA to set National 53

Ambient Air Quality Standards for certain pollutants known to be hazardous to human health. 54

EPA has identified and set standards to protect human health and welfare for six pollutants: 55




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ozone, carbon monoxide, total suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, lead and nitrogen oxide. 56

The term, "criteria pollutants" derives from the requirement that EPA must describe the 57

characteristics and potential health and welfare effects of these pollutants. It is on the basis of 58

these criteria that standards are set or revised. 59

Critical Habitat: (Endangered Species Act, Section 4), The specific areas within the 60

geographical area occupied by the species, when it is listed, which contain the physical or 61

biological features 1) essential to the conservation of the species and 2) which may require 62

special management considerations or protection. Critical habitat may also include specific areas 63

outside the geographical area occupied by the species when it is listed if those areas are essential 64

for the conservation of the species (ESA Section 3(5A)]. Critical habitat is described and 65

designated by the lead Federal regulatory agency making status determinations for a species. 66

Designations usually accompany final listing decisions, but may be delayed to allow 67

comprehensive review of the necessary technical data. 68

Cultural Resources: Prehistoric and historic districts, sites, buildings, objects, or any other 69

physical evidence of human activity considered important to a culture, subculture, or community 70

for scientific, traditional, religious, or any other reason. 71

Cumulative Impacts: Under NEPA regulations, the incremental environmental impact or effect 72

of an action together with the effects of past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions, 73

regardless of what agency or person undertakes such other actions [40 CFR 1508.7]. 74

Dendritic Drainage Pattern: An arrangement of surface drainage in which the streams branch 75

randomly at almost any angle, resembling in plan the branching habit of trees. It indicates that 76

the underlying rocks offer uniform resistance to erosion. 77

Ecosystem: The interacting synergism of all living organisms in a particular environment; every 78

plant, insect, aquatic animal, bird, or land species that forms a complex web of interdependency. 79

An action taken at any level in the food chain, use of a pesticide for example, has a potential 80

domino effect on every other occupant of that system. 81

Emergent. A rooted plant growing in shallow water, with part of its stem and leaves above the 82

water surface. 83




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Endangered Species: "…any species [including subspecies or qualifying distinct population 84

segment] that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range." 85

[ESA Section 3(6)]. The lead federal agency for the listing of a species as endangered is 86

responsible for reviewing the status of the species on a five-year basis. 87

Endangered Species Act (ESA) (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.): An act to provide a means whereby 88

the ecosystems upon which endangered species and threatened species depend may be 89

conserved, to provide a program for the conservation of such endangered species and threatened 90

species, and to take such steps as may be appropriate to achieve the purposes of the treaties and 91

conventions. 92

Environmental Assessment (EA): An environmental analysis prepared pursuant to the National 93

Environmental Policy Act to determine whether a federal action would significantly affect the 94

environment and thus require a more detailed environmental impact statement (EIS). 95

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): The most detailed and comprehensive environmental 96

analysis specified under the National Environmental Policy Act. An EIS focuses on significant 97

environmental impacts of a proposed action and/or alternatives, including short-term and long-98

term effects. 99

Environmental Justice: The equal protection from environmental hazards for individuals, 100

groups or communities regardless of race, ethnicity or economic status. This applies to the 101

development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies, 102

and implies that no population of people should be forced to shoulder a disproportionate share of 103

negative environmental impacts of pollution or environmental hazard due to a lack of political or 104

economic strength levels. 105

Erosion: The wearing away of land surface by wind or water. 106

Exotic Species: Nonindigenous species that humans intentionally or unintentionally introduce 107

into an area outside of the species natural range. 108

Exotic Invasive Species: Nonindigenous species that humans intentionally or unintentionally 109

introduce into an area outside of the species natural range that proliferate, spread, and persist to 110

the detriment of native species and ecosystems. 111




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Farmland Protection Policy Act (FPPA)(7 U.S.C.§§4201 et seq.): An Act to minimize the 112

extent to which Federal programs contribute to the unnecessary and irreversible conversion of 113

farmland to nonagricultural uses, and to assure that Federal programs are administered in a 114

manner that will be compatible with state, local government, and private programs and policies 115

protecting farmland. 116

Fault: A surface or zone of rock fracture along which there has been displacement. 117

Fauna: Animals, especially the animals of a particular region or period, considered as a group. 118

Felsic: Relating to or containing a group of light-colored silicate minerals that occur in igneous 119

rocks. 120

Finding of No Significant Impact (FNSI): A document prepared by a federal agency showing 121

why a proposed action would not have a significant impact on the environment and thus would 122

not require preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement. An FNSI is based on the results 123

of an environmental assessment. 124

Firebreak: A space cleared of flammable material to stop and/or check creeping or running fires 125

or any natural or constructed barrier utilized to segregate, stop and control the spread of fire or to 126

provide a control line from which to work. 127

Floodplain: The flat or nearly flat land along a river or stream or in a tidal area that is covered 128

by water during a flood. 129

Flora: Plants considered as a group, especially the plants of a particular country, region or time. 130

Gneiss: A banded or foliated metamorphic rock, usually of the same composition as granite. 131

Gradient: The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the curve that represents 132

it. 133

Groundwater: Water found beneath the Earth’s surface where all empty space in the rock is 134

completely filled with water. 135

Habitat: The place where a population (e.g., human, animal, plant, microorganism) lives and its 136

surroundings include both living and non-living things. 137

Herbaceous: Relating to or characteristic of an herb as distinguished from a woody plant. 138




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Hydric Soils: Soils that are saturated, flooded, or ponded for long enough during the growing 139

season to develop oxygen-deficient conditions in their upper part. 140

Hydrology: The science dealing with the properties, distribution and circulation of water. 141

Hydrophytic Vegetation: Plants that have an affinity for wetlands and are found at least 50 142

percent of the time in wetlands. 143

Indigenous Wildlife: Native to an area, not imported. 144

Integrated Pest Management (IPM): A comprehensive approach to pest control or prevention 145

that considers various chemical, physical, and biological suppression techniques; the habitat of 146

the pest; and the interrelationship between pest populations and the potential to cause economic 147

or environmental harm. 148

Limestone: A sedimentary rock made mostly of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate). 149

Limestone is usually formed from shells of once-living organisms or other organic processes, but 150

may also form by inorganic precipitation. 151

Loamy: Rich, permeable soil composed of a mixture of clay, silt, sand, and organic matter. 152

Mesic: Characterized by, or adapted to a moderately moist habitat. 153

Mitigate: Measures taken to reduce adverse impacts on the environment. 154

Monoculture: A population of a single kind of organism or plant variety. 155

Multiple Use: Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g., grazing of livestock, watershed and 156

wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production. Also applies to use of bodies of water for 157

recreational purposes, fishing and water supply. 158

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS): Standards established by EPA that apply 159

for outdoor air throughout the country. The NAAQS represent maximum air pollutant standards 160

that EPA set under the Clean Air Act for attainment by each state. The standards were to be 161

achieved by 1975, along with state implementation plans to control industrial sources in each 162

state. 163

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA): The Act as amended articulates the Federal law 164

that mandates protecting the quality of the human environment. It requires Federal agencies to 165

systematically assess the environmental impacts of their proposed activities, programs and 166




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projects including the “no action“ alternative of not pursuing the proposed action. NEPA 167

requires agencies to consider alternative ways of accomplishing their missions in ways which are 168

less damaging to the environment. 169

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C.§§470 et seq.): An act to establish a 170

program for the preservation of historic properties throughout the Nation, and for other purposes, 171

Approved October 15, 1966 (Public Law 89-665; 80 STAT.915; 16 U.S.C. 470) as amended by 172

Public Law 91-243, Public Law 93-54, Public Law 94-422, Public Law 94-458, Public Law 96-173

199, Public Law 96-244, Public Law 96-515, Public Law 98-483, Public Law 99-514, Public 174

Law 100-127, and Public Law 102-575). 175

National Register of Historic Places (National Register): A register of districts, sites, 176

buildings, structures, and objects important in American history, architecture, archaeology, and 177

culture, maintained by the Secretary of the Interior under authority of Section 2(b) of the Historic 178

Sites Act of 1935 and Section 101(a)(1) of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as 179

amended. 180

National Wetland Inventory: A database from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service that produces 181

information on the characteristics, extent and status of the Nation’s wetlands and deepwater 182

habitats. 183

Native Species: A species indigenous to an area; i.e. not introduced from another environment or 184

area. 185

Nonattainment Area: Area that does not meet one or more of the National Ambient Air Quality 186

Standards for the criteria pollutants designated in the Clean Air Act. 187

Nonpoint Source Pollution: Diffuse pollution sources (i.e., without a single point of origin or 188

not introduced into a receiving stream from a specific outlet). The pollutants are generally 189

carried off the land by storm water. Common non-point sources are agriculture, forestry, urban, 190

mining, construction, dams, channels, land disposal, saltwater intrusion and city streets. 191

Particulate Matter: The fine liquid or solid particles such as dust, smoke, mist, fumes or smog, 192

found in air or emissions or very small solids suspended in water. Particulate matter can vary in 193

size, shape, density and electrical charge and can be gathered together by coagulation and 194

flocculation. 195




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Permeability: The rate at which liquids pass through soil or other materials in a specified 196

direction. 197

Physiographic Province. A region all parts of which are similar in geologic structure and 198

climate and which has consequently had a unified geomorphic history. 199

Pointsource Pollution: A stationary location or fixed facility from which pollutants are 200

discharged; any single identifiable source of pollution; e.g., a pipe, ditch, ship, ore pit, factory 201

smokestack. 202

Prescribed Burn: Any fire ignited by management actions under certain, predetermined 203

conditions to meet specific objectives related to hazardous fuels or habitat improvement. A 204

written, approved prescribed fire plan must exist, and NEPA requirements must be met, prior to 205

ignition. 206

Prime Farmland Soils: Land that has the best combination of physical and chemical 207

characteristics for producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops, and is also available for 208

these uses. 209

Rare Species: A species that has a small number of individuals and/or has a limited distribution. 210

A rare species may or may not be endangered or threatened. 211

Riparian Habitat: Areas adjacent to rivers and streams with a differing density, diversity and 212

productivity of plant and animal species relative to nearby uplands. 213

Runoff: That part of precipitation, snowmelt or irrigation water that runs off the land into 214

streams or other surface-waters. 215

Sedimentation: The process of forming or accumulating sediments in layers, including such 216

processes as the separation of rock particles or soils from the material from which the sediment is 217

derived, the transportation of the particles to the site of deposition, and the actual deposition or 218

mechanical settling from a state of suspension. 219

Sensitive or Significant Habitat: An area inhabited by rare, threatened or endangered species; 220

an ecosystem supporting a wide variety of plants, birds and wildlife. 221




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Sikes Improvement Act of 1997 (16 U.S.C. 670a et seq.): An Act to promote effectual 222

planning, development, maintenance and coordination of wildlife, fish, and game conservation 223

and rehabilitation on military reservations. 224

Sills: Sheets of intrusive, igneous rock that have been found between layers of existing rock to 225

depths of a few centimeters to many meters thick. 226

Slope: An inclined line, surface, plane, position or direction. 227

Snag: A standing dead tree from which the leaves and most of the branches have fallen 228

Soil Mapping Unit: A soil or combination of soils delineated on a map and, where possible, 229

named to show the taxonomic unit or units included. 230

Stream: Any channel that carries water. It may or may not be jurisdictional waters of the 231

United States. 232

Surface Water: All water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, 233

streams, impoundments, seas, estuaries, etc.). 234

Sustainability: A measure of the extent to which our activities meet the needs of the present 235

without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 236

Syncline: A fold in rocks in which the rock layers dip inward from both sides toward the axis. 237

Terrain: The surface features of an area of land; topography. 238

Terrestrial: Living on land rather than in water, in the air, in trees, etc. Growing on land or in 239

the soil. 240

Threatened Species: "…any species that is likely to become an endangered species within the 241

foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range" [Section 3(19) of the ESA]. 242

The lead federal agency for the listing of a species as threatened is responsible for reviewing the 243

status of the species on a five-year basis. 244

Topography: The physical features of a surface area including relative elevations and the 245

position of natural and man-made (anthropogenic) features. 246




8-10

Water Quality Criteria: Levels of water quality expected to render a body of water suitable for 247

its designated use. Criteria are based on specific levels of pollutants that would make the water 248

harmful if used for drinking, swimming, farming, fish production, or industrial processes. 249

Water Quality Standards: State-adopted and EPA-approved ambient standards for water 250

bodies. The standards prescribe the use of the water body and establish the water quality criteria 251

that must be met to protect designated uses. 252

Watershed: The land area that drains into a stream; the watershed for a major river may 253

encompass a number of smaller watersheds that ultimately combine at a common point. 254

Wetlands: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Federal Register, 1982) and EPA (Federal 255

Register, 1980) jointly define wetlands as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface 256

or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal 257

circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil 258

conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas. 259

U. S. National Command Authority: The President and the Secretary of Defense or their 260

designates. 261



SECTION 9.0 1

LIST OF PREPARERS 2

3 Gilmore Environmental Consulting, LLC 4 109 W. Broad St. 5 Blackstone, VA 23824 6 7 Francis H. Gilmore, Environmental Engineer, Co-Principal 8 B.S., Old Dominion University, 1994 9 10 Sara M. Ryan, Environmental Scientist, Co-Principal 11 B.S., Virginia Tech, 1998 12 M.S., Virginia Commonwealth University, 2004 13 14 Wayne C.J. Boyko, Senior Archaeologist 15 B.A., University of Winnipeg, 1984 16 M.A., Penn State University, 1987 17 Ph.D. (ABD), Penn State University 18




A-1

APPENDIX A

MTC FORT PICKETT OPERATING PROCEDURE – NEPA




A-2




A-3




A-4




A-5




A-6

Complete new

or Supplemental

EA

Initiate

action

Mitigation

and BMPs

Monitoring

yes

yes

no

no

Proponent

funds EIS

Record of

decision

Notice of

intentComplete EIS

Environmental Impact Statement

VaARNG NEPA Process Overview

Proponent

completes

REC

ScopingEnvironmental

Analysis


Initiate new or

Supplemental

EA

Proponent

funds EA

NGB:

Significant

environmental

impact?

Proponent

formulates

proposed action

Coordinate with

NEPA PM

NEPA PM:

Is project included in

an existing REC, EA

or EIS?

no

no

yes

yes

NEPA PM:

Extraordinary

circumstances?

no

NEPA PM:

Is a REC

needed?

yes

EPM &

NEPA PM: Is

there any effect on

environment? no

Proponent:

Proceed with

project?

Project

terminated

yes

no

Proponent:

Proceed with

project?

yes

no

yes

Process Diagram 22 Mar 05

NEPA PM: Is

project categorically

excluded?

NGB: Will

there be significant

environmental

impact?

yes

FONSI

no




A-7

An existing Environmental Impact Statement adequately covers the scope of this project.

Categorical Exclusion Code:

Concurrence:

Printed Name of Env. Program Manager

Date Signed Date Signed

Signature of Proponent (Requester) Environmental Program Manager

Printed Name of Proponent (Requester)

ARNG RECORD OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION

1. PROJECT NAME:

0

B-7: Deployment of military units on a temporary duty (TDY) or…

Categorical Exclusion Codes

4. PROJECT START DATE (dd-mmm-yy): 0-Jan-00

0

See 32 CFR Part 651 Appendix B for the full definition of each code

B-1: Routine law and order activities performed by military/military police…

B-2: Emergency or disaster assistance provided to federal, state, …

C-1: Construction of an addition to an existing structure or new…

B-14: Relocation of personnel into existing federally-owned…

B-10: Non-construction activities in support of other agencies…

B-11: Ceremonies, funerals, and concerts. This includes events such as…

B-12: Reductions and realignments of civilian and/or military personnel…

C-2: Demolition of non-historic buildings, structures, or other…

C-3: Road or trail construction and repair on existing rights-of-ways…

B-3: Preparation of regulations, procedures, manuals, and other…

B-4: Proposed activities and operations to be conducted in an existing…

B-8: Preparation of administrative or personnel-related studies…

B-9: Approval of asbestos or lead-based pain management plans…

B-5: Normal personnel, fiscal, and administrative activities…

B-6: Routinely conducted recreation and welfare activities not involving…

B-13: Actions affecting Army property that fall under another federal…

D-4: Studies, data collection, monitoring, and information gathering…

D-5: Maintenance of archeological, historical, and endangered…

E-1: Routine procurement of goods and services (complying with…

D-1: Land regeneration activities using only native trees and vegetation…

D-2: Routine maintenance of streams and ditches or other rainwater…

D-3: Implementation of hunting and fishing policies or regulations that…

E-6: Acquisition or contracting for spares and spare parts, consistent…

E-7: Modification and adaptation of commercially available items…

E-8: Adaptation of non-lethal munitions and restraints from law…

E-2: Acquisition, installation, and operation of utility and communication…

E-3: Conversion of commercial activities under the provisions of AR 5-20…

E-4: Modification, product improvement, or configuration engineering…

E-5: Procurement, testing, use, and/or conversion of a commercially…

J-2: Flying activities in compliance with Federal Aviation Administration…

J-3: Installation, repair, or upgrade of airfield equipment (for example…

H-1: Use of gauging devices, analytical instruments, and other devices…

F-5: Acquisition of real property (including facilities) where the land…

F-6: Disposal of real property (including facilities) by the Army where…

G-1: Routine repair and maintenance of buildings, airfields, grounds…

G-2: Routine repairs and maintenance of roads, trails, and firebreaks…

G-3: Routine repair and maintenance of equipment and vehicles…

H-4: Routine management, to include transportation, distribution, use…

H-5: Research, testing, and operations conducted at existing enclosed…

J-4: Army participation in established air shows sponsored by or…

J-1: Infrequent, temporary (less than 30 days) increases in air operations…

H-6: Reutilization, marketing, distribution, donation, and resale of…

I-1: Simulated war games (classroom setting) and on-post tactical and…

I-2: Training entirely of an administrative or classroom nature.

I-3: Intermittent on-post training activities (or off-post training covered…

6. DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION:

8. REMARKS:

H-2: Immediate responses in accordance with emergency response plans…

H-3: Sampling, surveying, well drilling and installation, analytical testing…

F-1: Grants or acquisitions of leases, licenses, easements, and permits…

F-2: Disposal of excess easement areas to the underlying fee owner…

F-3: Transfer of real property administrative control within the Army or…

F-4: Transfer of active installation utilities to a commercial or…

2. PROJECT NUMBER: 3. DATE:

An existing Environmental Assessment adequately covers the scope of this project.

0-Jan-00

0 0-Jan-00

7. CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:

5. PROJECT END DATE (dd-mmm-yy):

EA Date (dd-mmm-yy): Conducted By:

EIS Date (dd-mmm-yy): Conducted By:

Cite superseding law:

This project is exempt from NEPA requirements under the provisions of:

After reviewing the screening criteria and completing the ARNG Environmental Checklist, this project qualifies for

a Categorical Exclusion (select one below).

See 32 CFR 651 App. B




A-8




A-9




A-10




A-11




A-12




A-13




A-14

Categorical Exclusion Codes

See 32 CFR Part 651 Appendix B for the full definition of each code

B-1: Routine law and order activities performed by military/military police…

B-2: Emergency or disaster assistance provided to federal, state, …

B-3: Preparation of regulations, procedures, manuals, and other…

B-4: Proposed activities and operations to be conducted in an existing…

B-5: Normal personnel, fiscal, and administrative activities…

B-6: Routinely conducted recreation and welfare activities not involving…

B-7: Deployment of military units on a temporary duty (TDY) or…

B-8: Preparation of administrative or personnel-related studies…

B-9: Approval of asbestos or lead-based pain management plans…

B-10: Non-construction activities in support of other agencies…

B-11: Ceremonies, funerals, and concerts. This includes events such as…

B-12: Reductions and realignments of civilian and/or military personnel…

B-13: Actions affecting Army property that fall under another federal…

B-14: Relocation of personnel into existing federally-owned…

C-1: Construction of an addition to an existing structure or new…

C-2: Demolition of non-historic buildings, structures, or other…

C-3: Road or trail construction and repair on existing rights-of-ways…

D-1: Land regeneration activities using only native trees and vegetation…

D-2: Routine maintenance of streams and ditches or other rainwater…

D-3: Implementation of hunting and fishing policies or regulations that…

D-4: Studies, data collection, monitoring, and information gathering…

D-5: Maintenance of archeological, historical, and endangered…

E-1: Routine procurement of goods and services (complying with…

E-2: Acquisition, installation, and operation of utility and communication…

E-3: Conversion of commercial activities under the provisions of AR 5-20…

E-4: Modification, product improvement, or configuration engineering…

E-5: Procurement, testing, use, and/or conversion of a commercially…

E-6: Acquisition or contracting for spares and spare parts, consistent…

E-7: Modification and adaptation of commercially available items…

E-8: Adaptation of non-lethal munitions and restraints from law…

F-1: Grants or acquisitions of leases, licenses, easements, and permits…

F-2: Disposal of excess easement areas to the underlying fee owner…

F-3: Transfer of real property administrative control within the Army or…

F-4: Transfer of active installation utilities to a commercial or…

F-5: Acquisition of real property (including facilities) where the land…




A-15

F-6: Disposal of real property (including facilities) by the Army where…

G-1: Routine repair and maintenance of buildings, airfields, grounds…

G-2: Routine repairs and maintenance of roads, trails, and firebreaks…

G-3: Routine repair and maintenance of equipment and vehicles…

H-1: Use of gauging devices, analytical instruments, and other devices…

H-2: Immediate responses in accordance with emergency response plans…

H-3: Sampling, surveying, well drilling and installation, analytical testing…

H-4: Routine management, to include transportation, distribution, use…

H-5: Research, testing, and operations conducted at existing enclosed…

H-6: Reutilization, marketing, distribution, donation, and resale of…

I-1: Simulated war games (classroom setting) and on-post tactical and…

I-2: Training entirely of an administrative or classroom nature.

I-3: Intermittent on-post training activities (or off-post training covered…

J-1: Infrequent, temporary (less than 30 days) increases in air operations…

J-2: Flying activities in compliance with Federal Aviation Administration…

J-3: Installation, repair, or upgrade of airfield equipment (for example…

J-4: Army participation in established air shows sponsored by or…




B-1

APPENDIX B

SOILS MAPPED ON MTC FORT PICKETT

Soil Map

Unit

Texture/Parent

Material

Drainage

Class

Hydric Limitations Landscape

Position

Abell sandy

loam, 2 to 7

percent slopes

102B Surface:fine

sandy loam

Subsoil:sandy

loam to sandy

clay loam

Parent

material:mixed

loamy fluvial

material

Moderately

well

drained

no slope Small stream

terraces & old

floodplains

Appling &

Cecil sandy

loams, 2 to 7

percent slopes

123B Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:clay to

clay loam

Parent

material:felsic

minerals

Well

drained

no slope Ridges & side

slopes

Appling-

Ashlar

complex, 7 to

15 percent

slopes

105C Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:clay-

clay loam to

sandy loam

Parent

material:granite

& granite gneiss

Well

drained

no Slope; shallow

to rock

Shoulders,

side slopes,

nose slopes,

back slopes

Appling sandy

loam, 2 to 7

percent slopes

105B Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:clay to

clay loam

Parent

material:felsic

minerals

Well

drained


slopes

Appling-

Urban land

3B Surface:sandy

loam

Well

drained

no - Summits &

shoulders




B-2

complex, 0 to

7 percent

slopes

Subsoil:clay to

clay loam

Parent

material:felsic

minerals

Appling-

Urban land

complex, 7 to

15 percent

slopes

3C Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:clay to

clay loam

Parent

material:felsic

minerals

Well

drained

no slope Side slopes

Ashlar sandy

loam, 7 to 15

percent slopes

110C Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:sandy

loam

Parent

material:granite

& gneiss

Well

drained

no Slope; shallow

to rock

Shoulders &

nose slopes

Ashlar sandy

loam, 15 to 25

percent slopes

110D Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:sandy

loam

Parent

material:granite

& gneiss

Well

drained

no Slope; moderate

erosion hazard;

shallow to rock

Nose slopes,

back slopes

Ashlar sandy

loam, 25 to 45

percent slopes

110E Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:sandy

loam

Parent

material:granite

& gneiss

Well

drained

no Slope; moderate

erosion hazard;

shallow to rock

Side slopes &

nose slopes

Cecil sandy

clay loam, 2 to

7 percent

slopes,

severely

eroded

124B Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:clay

loam to clay

Parent

material:felsic

minerals

Well

drained


slopes




B-3

Cecil sandy

clay loam, 7 to

15 percent

slopes,

severely

eroded

124C Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:clay

loam to clay

Parent

material:felsic

minerals

Well

drained


slopes

Chastain loam,

0 to 1 percent

slopes

11B Surface:loam

Subsoil:clay

loam to clay

Parent

material:clayey

alluvium

Poorly

drained

yes Moderate shrink

–swell potential;

seasonally high

water table (-3.0

– 0.0 ft);

flooding

floodplains

Chewacla

loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes,

occasionally

flooded

2A Surface:loam to

silt loam

Subsoil:silt loam

to silty clay

loam

Parent

material:mixed

alluvium

Somewhat

poorly

drained

No, but

hydric

inclusions

Seasonally high

water table (0.5-

2.0 ft); flooding

floodplains

Chewacla-

Wehadkee

complex, 0 to

2 percent

slopes,

frequently

flooded

3A Surface:loam to

silt loam

Subsoil:silt

loam, silty clay

loam, sandy clay

loam, clay loam

Parent

material:mixed

alluvium

Somewhat

poorly

drained,

poorly

drained

yes Seasonally high

water table (0.5-

2.0 ft); flooding

floodplains

Congaree silt

loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes,

occasionally

flooded

4A Surface:loam

Subsoil:fine

sandy loam to

silty clay loam

Parent

material:mixed

fluvial material

Well to

moderately

well

drained

no flooding Floodplains,

bottomland

base of slopes

Helena sandy

loam, 2 to 7

175B Surface:sandy

loam

Moderately

well

no Slope; moderate

to high shrink-

swell potential;

Broad ridges,

toe slopes




B-4

percent slopes Subsoil:sandy

clay to sandy

clay loam

Parent

material:mixed

fluvial material

drained seasonal high

water table (1.5-

2.5 ft)

Helena sandy

loam, 7 to 15

percent slopes

175C Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:sandy

clay to sandy

clay loam

Parent

material:mixed

fluvial material

Moderately

well

drained

no Slope; moderate

to high shrink-

swell potential;

seasonal high

water table (1.5-

2.5 ft)

Broad ridges,

toe slopes

Mattaponi

sandy loam, 2

to 7 percent

slopes

220B Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:clay

Parent

material:fine &

medium

textured

alluvial

material

Moderately

well

drained

no Slope; moderate

shrink-swell

potential

Broad flats,

ridge tops &

side slopes

Poindexter

fine sandy

loam, 15 to 25

percent slopes

149D Surface:loam

Subsoil:clay

loam to silty

clay loam

Parent

material:basic

or mixed basic

& acidic rocks

Well

drained

no Slope; shallow

to rock

upland

Poindexter

fine sandy

loam, 25 to 45

percent slopes

149E Surface:loam

Subsoil:clay

loam to silty

clay loam

Parent

material:basic

or mixed basic

& acidic rocks

Well

drained

no Slope; shallow

to rock

upland




B-5

Rion sandy

loam, 2 to 7

percent slopes

121B Surface:coarse

sandy loam

Subsoil:sandy

loam

Parent

material:acidic

rocks

Well

drained

no slope Dissecting

side slopes

Rion sandy

loam, 7 to 15

percent slopes

121C Surface:coarse

sandy loam

Subsoil:sandy

loam

Parent

material:acidic

rocks

Well

drained

no slope Dissecting

side slopes

Rion sandy

loam, 15 to 25

percent slopes

121D Surface:coarse

sandy loam

Subsoil:sandy

loam

Parent

material:acidic

rocks

Well

drained

no slope Dissecting

side slopes

Udorthents, 0

to 25 percent

slopes

99 Refilled

excavations in

which gravel,

road base, &

other foundation

material have

been mined

- - Site specific

characterization

needed to

determine uses

& limitations

River terraces

Wedowee

sandy loam,

15 to 25

percent slopes

325D Surface:sandy

loam

Subsoil:loam

to sandy clay

Parent

material:acidic

rocks

Well

drained

no Slope; moderate

erosion hazard

Steep side

slopes

Wehadkee silt

loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes,

frequently

9A Surface:fine

sandy loam

Subsoil:sandy

loam, clay

Poorly

drained

yes Seasonal high

water table (0.0-

0.1 ft); flooding

Floodplains,

bottomland




B-6

flooded loam, silty clay

loam

Parent

material:mixed

alluvium

Worsham

sandy loam, 2

to 7 percent

slopes

230B Surface:fine

sandy loam

Subsoil:sandy

clay loam to

sandy clay

Parent

material:granite,

gneiss, schist

Poorly

drained

yes Moderate

shrink-swell

potential;

seasonal high

water table (0.0-

0.1 ft)

drainageways

SOURCE: USDA, 2001



C-1

APPENDIX C

COMMENTS AND RESPONSES



C-2



C-3



C-4



C-5



C-6



C-7



C-8



C-9



C-10



C-11



C-12



C-13



C-14



C-15



C-16



C-17



C-18



C-19



C-20



C-21



C-22



C-23



C-24



C-25



C-26



C-27



C-28



C-29



C-30



C-31



C-32



C-33



C-34



C-35



C-36



C-37



C-38



C-39



C-40



C-41



C-42



C-43



C-44



C-45



C-46



C-47



C-48



C-49



C-50



C-51



C-52



C-53



C-54



C-55



C-56



C-57


Virginia Army National Guard D-1

APPENDIX D

NOISE COUNTOUR STUDY AND DIAGRAMS

VaARNG-MTC Fort Pickett

1:500,000

Mission Environmental AssesmentFort Pickett VicinityFigure 1.1

Data used to create this map provided bythe Fort Pickett ITAM/GIS

and the VAFM-E GIS offices andWorld_Boundaries_and_Places_Alternateand World_Transportation digital services

provided by ESRI at arcgisonline.com.

Author: Mark Thomas ([email protected])Document Information

Publication Date: 10 Mar 2011Document Name: Vicinity.mxd

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

Installation Boundary

0 5 10 15 20 25Kilometers

0 5 10 15 20Miles

Virginia,USA

WilliamNewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity

PetersburgHopewellColonial Heights

ª ª ª ª ª ª

ªªªªª

ªªªªªª ª ª ª ª ª

ªªªª

ª ªªªªªª

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

ªªªªªªªªª ª ª ª ª ª ª

ªªªªª

ª ªªªªª

ª ª ª ª ªªªªª

ª

ªªªªªª

ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª

ªªªªªªªªª

ªªªªªªªªªªªª

ªªªª

ªªªªªªªª

1:100,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA

Mission Environmental AssesmentFort Pickett with all Proposed Projects

Figure 2.1


and the VAFM-E GIS officesand scanned paper maps from the USGS

1:24,000 series provided as a digital service by National Geographic Society.


Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: Proposed Projects.mxd

0 1 2 3 4 5 Kilometers

0 1 2 3 4Miles

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

Project Boundaries

ª ªRestricted AirspaceInstallation Boundary

Airspace Restricted to 18000 ft

Airspace Restricted to 4000 ft

BAAF UAS Site

Conference Center

Directorate of Public Works Stormwater Improvements

Post Headquarters

Visitor Control Center

Directorate of Logistics Troop Warehouse

1:20,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA

Mission Environmental AssesmentCantonment Area (North)

Figure 2.2





Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: Cantonment Area (North).mxd

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

Project BoundariesInstallation Boundary

0 250 500 750 1,000Meters

0 250 500 750 1,000Yards

Operational Readiness Training Complex

Sports/Baseball Complex

Morale Welfare & Recreation Area

Dining Facility Site B

Directorate of Public Works Facilities

Medical Detachment

Dining Facility Site A

Post Exchange Expansion

1:20,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA

Mission Environmental AssesmentCantonment Area (South)

Figure 2.3





Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: Cantonment Area (South).mxd

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

Project BoundariesInstallation Boundary

0 250 500 750 1,000Meters

0 250 500 750 1,000Yards

Sports/Baseball Complex38.44 Acres

Operational Readiness Training Complex77.31 Acres

WEST PARADE

GARNETT AVE

ARMSTEAD AVE W. 30

TH ST

W. 33RD ST

W. 31

ST ST

W. 28

TH ST

W. 29

TH ST

W. 32

ND ST

W. 33

RD ST

1:5,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA

ARNG-MTC Fort PickettMission Environmental Assesment


Mission Environmental AssesmentOperational Readiness Training Complex

Figure 2.4Data used to create this map provided by

the Fort Pickett ITAM/GISand the VAFM-E GIS offices.


Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: ORTC.mxd

0 50 100 150 200 250Meters

0 200 400 600 800 1,000Feet

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

RoadsProject BoundariesInstallation Boundary

Directorate of Logistics Troop Warehouse9.90 Acres

Visitor Control Center8.98 Acres

RIVE

S ST

MILIT

ARY R

OAD

1:2,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA



Mission Environmental AssesmentVisitor Control Center




Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: Visitor Control Center.mxd

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹


0 20 40 60 80 100Meters

0 100 200 300 400Feet

Directorate of Public Works Facilities8.14 Acres

Morale Welfare & Recreation Area24.73 Acres

GARNETT AVE

ARMSTEAD AVE

MILITARY ROAD

WEST PARADE

W. 22ND ST

W. 21ST ST

W. 20TH ST

W. 19TH ST

W. 23RD ST

1:5,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA



Mission Environmental AssesmentMorale Welfare & Recreation Area




Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: MWR.mxd

0 50 100 150 200 250Meters

0 200 400 600 800 1,000Feet


WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

Operational Readiness Training Complex77.31 Acres

Dining Facility Site B6.01 Acres


WEST PARADE

W. 33RD ST

EAST PARADE

ARMSTEAD AVE

W. 30

TH ST

E. 26

TH ST

W. 31

ST ST

W. 28

TH ST

W. 29

TH ST

E. 25

TH ST

E. 27

TH ST

GARNETT AVE W. 32

ND ST

1:5,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA



Mission Environmental AssesmentSports/Baseball Complex




Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: Sports-Baseball Complex.mxd

0 50 100 150 200 250Meters

0 200 400 600 800 1,000Feet

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹


Conference Center39.75 Acres

1:5,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Conference Center

Mission Environmental AssesmentConference CenterFigure 2.8


and the VAFM-E GIS offices.


Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: Conference Center.mxd

0 50 100 150 200 250Meters

0 200 400 600 800 1,000Feet


WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹


Post Exchange Expansion4.01 Acres

WEST PARADE

HOSPITA

L ROAD

W. 23RD ST

W. 25TH ST

W. 26

TH ST

1:2,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA



Mission Environmental AssesmentPost Exchange Expansion




Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: PX Expansion.mxd

0 20 40 60 80 100Meters

0 100 200 300 400Feet


WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

Visitor Control Center8.98 Acres

Directorate of Logistics Troop Warehouse9.90 Acres

MILIT

ARY R

OAD

WAREHOUSE ST

RIVE

S ST

1:2,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA



Mission Environmental AssesmentDirectorate of Logistics Troop Warehouse

Figure 2.10




Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: DOL.mxd

0 20 40 60 80 100Meters

0 100 200 300 400Feet

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹


Post Headquarters9.99 Acres

Directorate of Public Works Stormwater Improvements30.21 Acres

RIVE

S ST

BAKE

RS R

OW

8TH ST

7TH ST

9TH ST

MILIT

ARY R

OAD

W. 10TH ST

WARE

HOUS

E ST

BUTTERWOOD ROAD

1:5,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA



Mission Environmental AssesmentDirectorate of Public Works Stormwater ImprovementsFigure 2.11




Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: DPW Stormwater Improvements.mxd

0 50 100 150 200 250Meters

0 200 400 600 800 1,000Feet


WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

Medical Detachment4.10 Acres

KEMPER AVE

MILITARY ROAD

W. 20TH STEAST PARADE

DEARING AVE

1:2,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Medical Detachment

Mission Environmental AssesmentMedical DetachmentFigure 2.12




Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: Medical Detachment.mxd

0 20 40 60 80 100Meters

0 100 200 300 400Feet

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹



Post Exchange Expansion4.01 Acres


Dining Facility Site A3.24 Acres

HOSPITA

L ROAD

WEST PARADE

EAST PARADE

W. 23RD ST

KEMPER AVE

E. 22ND ST

E. 23

RD ST

W. 25TH ST

E. 21ST STW. 24

TH ST

ARMSTEAD AVE

W. 26

TH ST

DEARING AVE

W. 27

TH ST

1:5,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Dining Facility

Mission Environmental AssesmentDining Facility




Publication Date: 16 Mar 2011Document Name: Dining Facility.mxd

0 50 100 150 200 250Meters

0 200 400 600 800 1,000Feet


WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

Directorate of Public Works Stormwater Improvements30.21 Acres

Post Headquarters9.99 Acres

RIVE

S ST

8TH ST

9TH STMI

LITAR

Y ROA

D

W. 10TH ST

BAKE

RS R

OW

WARE

HOUS

E ST

QM C

IRCL

E EAS

T

QM C

IRCL

E WES

T

1:5,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Post Headquarters

Mission Environmental AssesmentPost HeadquartersFigure 2.14




Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: Post HQ.mxd

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹


0 50 100 150 200 250Meters

0 200 400 600 800 1,000Feet

Morale Welfare & Recreation Area24.73 Acres

Directorate of Public Works Facilities8.14 Acres

GARNETT AVE

ARMSTEAD AVE

WEST PARADE

W. 22ND ST

W. 23RD ST

W. 24TH ST

W. 25TH ST

HOSPITA

L ROAD

1:5,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA

ARNG-MTC Fort PickettMission Environmental AssesmentDirectorate of Public Works Facilities

Mission Environmental AssesmentDirectorate of Public Works Facilities

Figure 2.15




Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: DPW.mxd


WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

0 50 100 150 200 250Meters

0 200 400 600 800 1,000Feet

P P P PP P P P

P P P PP P P P

P P P PP P P P P P P P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

P PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PP P P P

P P P PP P P P

P P P PP P P P

P P P P

ª ª

ªª

ª

ª ª

ªª

ªª

ªª

ª

ª

ªªªªª

ª

ª ª

ªª

ª

ª ª

ªª

ªª

ª

ª

ª

ª

ªªª

ªª

ª

ªª

ª

ª

ªª

ªª

Pickett 2 MOA

Pickett 1 MOA

Pickett 3 MOA

1:300,000

Mission Environmental AssesmentFort Pickett Airspace Restrictions

Figure 2.16





Publication Date: 16 Mar 2011Document Name: Approach.mxd

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

ª ª Restricted Airspaceª ª Military Operations Area


0 5 10 15 20 25Kilometers

0 5 10 15 20Miles


Fort Pickett Airspace Restrictions

WilliamNewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA

CastlesBAAF

UAS 53

Gettysburg Rd. Runway MA 42/43

1:100,000William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA

Mission Environmental AssesmentUAS Sites




Publication Date: 21 Mar 2011Document Name: UAS Sites.mxd

0 1 2 3 4 5 Kilometers

0 1 2 3 4Miles

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

UAS SitesInstallation Boundary


UAS Sites

1 inch equals 2 mileWilliam

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Adjacent Properties

Mission Environmental AssesmentAdjacent PropertiesFigure 4.1




Publication Date: 18 Mar 2011Document Name: Adjacent Properties.mxd

Nottoway LRA Unzoned

N N NN N NNottoway Zoning R-1

N N NN N N

Nottoway Zoning C-1

N N NN N N

Nottoway Zoning M-1

Nottoway Zoning Blackstone

VT VT VTVT VT VTNottoway VA Tech

D D DD D D Dinwiddie Zoning R-1

Project Boundaries


WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

0 2 4 6 8 Kilometers

0 1 2 3 4 5Miles


NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


ACUB Areas

Mission Environmental AssesmentACUB Areas




Publication Date: 18 Mar 2011Document Name: ACUB Areas.mxd

ACUB

Project Boundaries


WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

0 2 4 6 8Kilometers

0 1 2 3 4 5Miles


NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Nottoway Flood Zones

Mission Environmental AssesmentNottoway Flood Zones




Publication Date: 20 Mar 2011Document Name: Nottoway Flood Zones.mxd

Flood ZonesSpecial Flood Hazard AreaNottoway County Outside Flood Area

Project Boundaries


WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

0 4 8 12 16Kilometers

0 2 4 6 8 10Miles

!ANO-08-01


NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Logperch / Bald Eagle Sites

Mission Environmental AssesmentLogperch / Bald Eagle Sites




Publication Date: 16 Mar 2011Document Name: Logperch and Eagle.mxd

!A Bald Eagle Nest

Log Perch SightingLogperch Management AreaProject BoundariesInstallation Boundary

WetlandsEmergent WetlandForested WetlandScrub-Shrub WetlandStreambedLake/Pond

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

0 1 2 3 4 Kilometers

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5Miles


NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Noise Contours

Mission Environmental AssesmentNoise ContoursFigure 5.1




Publication Date: 20 Mar 2011Document Name: Noise Contours.mxdNoise Contours

115 dB Peak (with Stryker Training)

130 dB Peak (with Stryker Training)

Firing Point

Range Footprints

Project Boundaries


0 2 4 6 8Kilometers

0 1 2 3 4 5Miles

BAAF UAS Site

Conference Center


Post Headquarters



RT. 40MI

LITAR

Y ROA

D

W. 10TH ST

RIVE

S ST

BUTTERWOOD ROAD

WARE

HOUS

E ST

BAKE

RS R

OW

E. 15TH ST

GARN

ETT A

VE

EAST

PARA

DE

WEST

PARA

DE

KEMP

ER AV

E

ARMS

TEAD

AVE

8TH ST

7TH ST

9TH ST

COMP

ASS T

RAIL

E. 10TH ST

W. 15TH ST

QM C

IRCL

E EAS

T

QM C

IRCL

E WES

T

WEST ENTRANCE ROAD

E. 16TH STQUARRY ROAD

E. 11TH ST

E. 12TH ST

E. 13TH ST

W. 11TH ST

W. 14TH ST

S.R. 668

W. 15 1/2TH ST

S.R. 40

E. 14TH ST

RT. 40

1 inch = 1,000 feet

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

Document Information

Special Flood Hazard AreaSoils

Urban Soils (Cut & Fill)Hydric SoilsNon-Hydric Soils with Possible Hydric InclusionsSoils with Slope > 15%Cultural Sites

Cultural Resources

A A A AA A A A Cultural Surveyed Area

A A A AA A A AA A A A Cultural Surveyed Area - Fieldwork Complete

A A A AA A A A Cultural Surveyed Area - Fieldwork in Progress


Project Boundaries




Mission Environmental AssesmentConstraints - Cantonment Area (North)

Figure 1

William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Constraints - Cantonment Area (North)

0 200 400 600 800Meters

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500Feet

Publication Date:15 Mar 2011

Document Name:Constraints - Cantonment Area (South).mxd

Author:Mark Thomas




Dining Facility Site BDirectorate of Public Works Facilities

Medical Detachment



GARNETT AVE

ARMSTEAD AVE

WEST PARADE

EAST PARADE

KEMPER AVE

DEARING AVE

MILITARY ROAD

TRIMBLE ROAD

HOSPITA

L ROAD

WEST A

CCES

S ROAD

E. 15TH ST

MOSBY ROAD

W. 33

RD STUTILITY ROAD

WILCOX ROAD

OLD

OAK R

OAD

W. 23RD ST

W. 30

TH ST

COMPASS TRAIL

E. 27

TH ST

W. 18TH ST

W. 15TH ST

W. 16TH STE. 16TH ST

E. 18TH ST

FOREST ROAD

LAKE ROAD

E. 21ST ST

E. 17TH ST

E. 26

TH STE. 25

TH ST

E. 24

TH ST

E. 22ND ST

E. 23

RD ST

W. 19TH ST

W. 21ST ST

W. 20TH ST

W. 17TH ST

W. 28

TH ST

W. 29

TH ST

W. 27

TH ST

W. 15 1/2TH ST

TRIM

BLE R

OAD

1 inch = 1,000 feet

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

Document Information



Cultural Resources





Project Boundaries




Mission Environmental AssesmentConstraints - Cantonment Area (South)

Figure 2

William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Constraints - Cantonment Area (South)

0 200 400 600 800Meters

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500Feet

Publication Date:14 Mar 2011

Document Name:Constraints - Cantonment Area (South).mxd

Author:Mark Thomas

BAAF UAS Site

Castles UAS Site

UAS 53 UAS Site

Conference Center




Gettysburg Rd. Runway MA 42/43 UAS Site


Post Headquarters


Dining Facility Site B


Directorate of Public Works Facilities

Medical Detachment



1 inch = 1 mile

WGS 84UTM Zone 18N

¹

0 1 2 3 4Kilometers

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5Miles

Author:Mark Thomas

Document InformationPublication Date:

16 Mar 2011Document Name:

2010 EA\Constraints - Fort Pickett.mxd



Cultural Resources





Project Boundaries




Mission Environmental AssesmentConstraints - Fort Pickett

Figure 3

William

NewKent

Sussex

Amelia

Dinwiddie

Hanover

Brunswick

ChesterfieldHenrico

Nottoway

Powhatan

Southampton

Goochland

Prince George

Lunenburg

King

CharlesCity

Greensville

Louisa

Mecklenburg

RichmondCity


Virginia,USA


Constraints - Fort Pickett

Draft Final Fort Pickett Mission EA Mar 11

Documents

Transcript of Draft Final Fort Pickett Mission EA Mar 11