Dr. Yoshihiko Yamashita (CTI Engineering) Koichiro Haru (Nihon Suido Consultants)
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Transcript of Dr. Yoshihiko Yamashita (CTI Engineering) Koichiro Haru (Nihon Suido Consultants)
Sustainability on the Construction Project of Nagara River Estuary Barrage and Application of PSM Indicators
Dr. Yoshihiko Yamashita (CTI Engineering)Koichiro Haru (Nihon Suido Consultants)
(On behalf of the Association of Japanese Consulting Engineers)
FIDIC 2005 BeijingWS-6 September 6, 2005
Most data and pictures by courtesy of Chubu Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and
Chubu Regional Bureau, Japan Water Agency
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AgendaOutline of Nagara River Improvement Project
►Introduction of Japan’s major flood protection project
Case Study on Application of PSM Indicators to Nagara Project
►Case study to identify the issues when applying FIDIC’S PSM indicators to disaster protection projects
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Why Nagara River Project?
Big national projectLong termPublic involvementAccountabilityEnvironmental considerationsAlready in operationMonitored after construction (data availability)
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Project Site
Nagoya City
Ise Bay
RiverBasin
Pacific Ocean
Japan Sea
Tokyo
Nagara RiverIbi Riv
er
Kiso River
Nagara Estuary Barrage (Nagara Estuary Barrage (Located 5.4 km from the rLocated 5.4 km from the r
iver mouth)iver mouth)
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Background – Flood protection
River improvement started in early 1600’s Technology transfer from Dutch engineers in Early 1900’s
River Improvement Plan in Early 1900’s
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Background– Flood protection
Serious flood damage due to strong typhoons during 1959-1961 – Hundreds were died or went missing
The flood in 1976 The Serious flood due to Ise Typhoon in 1959
Recent DisastersRecent Disasters
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Background– Water use
Significant ground subsidence due to groundwater intake Saltwater infiltration to groundwaterWater demand increase
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Flood Control
Environmental Considerations
Water Use
Main Concerns & CountermeasuresFlood
Riverbed Dredging
Salt Water Inflow
Estuary Barrage
Ground Subsidence
Surface Water Use
Obstruction to Fish migration
Fishways,Gate Operations
Water Pollution,Eutrophication
Aeration By Equipped Boat
Concerns
Counter-measures
LEGEND
Fresh Water Shortage
Monitoring
Droughts,Demand Increase
Saltwater Infiltration
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Flood Control River improvement
Methods of increasing sectional area
Water level after raising
Dredging
① Raising of levee
② Setting-back of levee
③ Dredging
Design Flow Capacity(Historical Maximum Flow) 7,500 m3/s
Flow Capacity Before Dredging 4,450 m3/s
Selected Selected
Alternatives to improve flow capacityAlternatives to improve flow capacity
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Water Use Estuary Barrage
Gates
UpstreamUpstreamDownstream Downstream
Overflow operation Underflow operation
Maximum Available Flow22.5 m3/s
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Environmental consideration
Fishways
Natural-shaped type Attracting-flow type Lock type
Overflow Operation
Underflow Operation
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Application of PSM Indicators to
Infrastructure ConstructionPSM Indicators for Nagara River Estu
ary Barrage (case study)►Purpose
To clarify the applicability of FIDIC’S PSM indicators to disaster protection projects
►MethodAccording to FIDIC’s PSM Guideline Based on actual monitoring data available
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(1) Social Dimension – Human Loss
ThemeFIDIC PSM Code
Sub-theme Core project indicator
Safety Mortality Contribution to protection of human loss due to floods
Relevance to project
Contribution to protection of human loss due to natural disasters
Countermeasure Riverbed Dredging and levee reinforcementProject indicator Human loss due to floods after commencement of operations
Project evaluation No human loss due to floods after commencement of operations.
Low
High
Worst human loss during the last 100 yrs (before operations)
= 431 persons (1959)
Max. human loss during the last 30 yrs (before operations)
= 7 persons (1976)
Second worst human loss during the last 100 yrs (before operations)
= 73 persons (1910)
No human loss
Compliance
Human loss due to floods after commencement of operations = None
Human loss due to floods
Countermeasure: Riverbed dredging and levee reinforcement
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(2) Economic dimension – Economic Loss
ThemeFIDIC PSM Code
Sub-theme Core project indicator
Institutional capacity
Disaster preparedness & response
Contribution to protection of economic loss due to floods
Relevance to project
Contribution to protection of economic loss due to natural disasters
Countermeasure Riverbed Dredging and levee reinforcementProject indicator Damaged households by floods after commencement of operations
Project evaluation No damages to households due to floods after commencement of operations.
Low
High
No damage
Compliance
Damaged households by floods after commencement of operations = None
Economic loss due to floods (Damaged households)
Worst damage during the last 100 yrs (before operations)
=59,500 households (1976)
Max. damage during the last 30 yrs (before operations)
= 59,500 households (1976)
Second worst damage during the last 100 yrs (before operations)
= 29,200 households (1961)
Countermeasure: Riverbed dredging and levee reinforcement
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(2) Economic dimension – Water Use
ThemeFIDIC PSM Code
Sub-theme Core project indicator
Institutional capacity
Water use Contribution to protection of economic loss due to droughts
Relevance to project
Contribution to protection of economic loss due to droughts
Countermeasure Water storage by construction of gates
Project indicator Water demand coverage during droughts after commencement of operations
Project evaluation 76 % of water demand covered during droughts after commencement of operations.
Low
High
Water demand coverage during droughts=100%
Compliance
Water demand coverage during droughts after commencement of operations = 76%(2000-2003)*
Water demand coverage
Countermeasure: Construction of gates
Water demand coverage during droughts=75%
Water demand coverage during droughts=50%
Water demand coverage during droughts=25%
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(3) Environmental Dimension – Algae Concentration
ThemeFIDIC PSM Code
Sub-theme Core project indicator
Fresh water Public water body Measurements of changes in algae concentration
Relevance to project
Effects of project on algae concentration in public water body
Countermeasure Gate operations during high concentration periodsProject indicator Concentration of chlorophyll a in stored water
Project evaluation Almost no change.
Low
High
Assumed concentration w/o measures (post-operation)
Concentration that would cause functional disorders to water use
Concentration before operations
Lower concentration
Compliance
Concentration after commencement of operations
Concentration of chlorophyll a
Countermeasure: Gate operations during high concentration periods
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(3) Environmental Dimension – BOD Concentration
ThemeFIDIC PSM Code
Sub-theme Core project indicator
Fresh waterEN-14
Water quality Measurements of BOD on water bodies affected by project
Relevance to project
Effects of project on BOD in water bodies
Countermeasure Aeration by aerator-equipped boatProject indicator Concentration of BOD on water bodies affected by projectProject evaluation Almost no change.
Low
High
Water quality standard (upper limit) = 3 mg/L
Compliance
BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) concentration at Ise Ohashi Bridge
Concentration before operations
= 1.1 mg/L(1978-1994)
Lower concentration
Assumed concentration w/o measures (post-operation)
BOD concentration (at 75 percentile) after commencement of operations = 1.3 mg/L(1996-2002)
Countermeasure: Aeration by equipped boat
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(3) Environmental Dimension – DO Concentration
ThemeFIDIC PSM Code
Sub-theme Core project indicator
Fresh water Water quality Measurements of DO (Dissolved Oxygen) on water bodies affected by project
Relevance to project
Effects of project on DO in water bodies
Countermeasure Aeration by aerator-equipped boatProject indicator Concentration of DO on water bodies affected by projectProject evaluation Almost no change.
Low
High
Compliance
DO (Dissolved Oxygen) concentration at Ise Ohashi Bridge DO concentration (in average) after commencement of operations = 9.7 mg/L(1996-2002)
Higher concentration
Concentration before operations = 8.3 mg/L(1978-1994)
Water quality standard (lower limit) = 5 mg/L
Assumed concentration w/o measures (post-operation)
Countermeasure: Aeration by equipped boat
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(3) Environmental Dimension – Fish Catch
ThemeFIDIC PSM Code
Sub-theme Core project indicator
Fresh water Fisheries Monitoring of changes in annual catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout)
Relevance to project
Effects of project on annual catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout)
Countermeasure Construction of three kinds of fishwaysProject indicator Changes in annual average catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted
trout) after commencement of operations Project evaluation Slightly decreased, but not significant.
Low
High
Assumed catch w/o fishways (post-operation) = 0
Significant catch decrease
(by almost half)
Annual average catch before operations = 1,250(1994)
Catch increase
Compliance
Annual average catch after commencement of operations = 750 (1996-2004)
Catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout)
Countermeasure: Construction of fishways
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(3) Environmental Dimension – Fish Preservation
ThemeFIDIC PSM Code
Sub-theme Core project indicator
BiodiversityEN-17
Species Measurement of the affect of project on the abundance of key species - Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis)
Relevance to project
Effects of project on abundance of key species
Countermeasure Construction of three kinds of fishwaysProject indicator Changes in upstream migration of Ayu Project evaluation Slightly decreased, but not significant.
Low
High
Assumed catch w/o fishways (post-operation) = 0
Significant decrease (by almost half)
Annual average upstream migration before operations
= 7 mil(1993-1994)*
Upstream migration increase
Compliance
Upstream migration of Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis)
Annual average upstream migration observed after commencement of operations = 5 million(1996-2004)
Countermeasure: Construction of fishways
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(4) Comprehensive Evaluation
Human loss due to floods after commencement of
operations Concentration of chlorophyll a in stored water
Changes in annual average catch of red-spotted trout after commencement of operations
Concentration of BOD in water bodies affected by project
Concentration of DO in water bodies
affected by project
Changes in upstream migration of Ayu
Damaged households by floods after
commencement of operations
Water demand coverage during droughts after
commencement of operations
Social Dimension
Environmental Dimension
Economic Dimension
Low High
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Proposal on PSM Indicators for Infrastructure Projects► Indicators for projects in developed countries
► Indicators on external communication with stakeholders
►PSM for operation phase
► Indicator weights