Dr. T.R.Rangaswamy Professor/EEE

BEE045 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL IN POWER PLANT INDUSTRIES

CONDENSER

D/A HPH

LPH

G TUR B O I L E R

F/P

C/P

THERMAL POWER PLANT

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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COMPONENTS OF THERMAL POWER PLANT

Boiler

Turbine

Generator

Demineralization Plant

Ash handling

Fuel Handling

Sea Water Intake

Cooling Water System

Instrument Air System

Service Air System

Potable Water System

HV/LV Electrical System

Uninterrupted Power Supply

DCS Network

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Thermal power plant consists of the

following four main circuits :

(a) Feed water and steam flow circuit.

(b) Coal and ash circuit.

(c) Air and gas circuit.

(d) Cooling water circuit.

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WATER SYSTEM

D.M.

PLANT

ECONOMIZER

B

O

I

L

E

R

C

O

N

D

E

N

S

E

R

HOT WATER

COOL WATER

B.F.P

STEAM

COOLING

TOWER

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S.HEATER

R.H.

I.P L.P

condenser

H.P

STEAM SYSTEM

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BOILER CONTROLS

• Drum Level Control

• Combustion Control

• Furnace Draft Control

• Super Heater Temperature Control

• Reheater Temperature Control

• Feed Water Systems Control 11

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TURBINE CONTROLS.

• Speed Governor • Load Governor • Pressure Governor • Gland seal steam header pressure control • Condenser hot well level control • LP Heater level control • HP Heater level control • Deaerator level control • Speed control • Fast runback control • Lube oil pressure control

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GENERATOR CONTROLS

• MW control • Runback control • Capability of the Generator • Variation of terminal voltage • Frequency variation • Temperature of the coolants • Over loading • Stator winding temperature

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B O I L E R

FUEL

AIR

WATER

TURBINE

GENERATOR

STEAM

INPUT/OUTPUT

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GEN TURBINE

B O I L E R

GENERATION CONTROL

DEMAND CONTROL

FUEL CONTROL

AIR CONTROL

CONTROL&DEMAND SIGNAL

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FUEL

AIR

COMBUSTION CONTROL

DRUM

G T STEAM

O2

O2 TRIM

THROTTLE PRESSURE CONTROLLER

HEAT RATE CALCULATION

LOAD CONTROLLER

WATER

FLUE GAS

BOILER

Legends

T-Turbine G-Generator O2-Oxygen

Block diagram for combustion control of boiler

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CONTROLLERS • PID Based Controller

• Feed forward Controller

• Feedback Controller

• Feed forward - Feedback Controller

• Cascade Controller

• Split-Range Controller

• Ratio Controller

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ADVANCED CONTROLLERS

• Adaptive Controller

• Scheduled Adaptive Controller

• Self-adaptive Controller

• Model-Reference Adaptive Controller

• Gain Scheduled Controller

• Predictive controllers

• Intelligent controllers

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INTELLIGENT CONTROLLERS

NEURAL NETWORK

FUZZY CONTROLLERS

NEURO-FUZZY CONTROLLERS

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CONTROL ROOM

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