Dr. Shama Dr. Shama MashhoodMashhood

Medical EducationistMedical Educationist

KMDCKMDC

VancouverVancouver Vancouver group: Vancouver group: Established guidelines for format of manuscripts Established guidelines for format of manuscripts

submitted to their journalssubmitted to their journals Guidelines first developed by the NLM, Guidelines first developed by the NLM,

published in 1979published in 1979 Group expanded to Group expanded to International Committee of International Committee of

Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Included ethical principles related to publication Included ethical principles related to publication

in biomedical journalsin biomedical journals Revised on a regular basisRevised on a regular basis

Importance of referencingImportance of referencing

VerificationVerification Authentication Authentication To protect oneself from charges of To protect oneself from charges of

plagiarism.plagiarism.

Referencing in Vancouver StyleReferencing in Vancouver Style

used in medical and scientific journals. used in medical and scientific journals. Numeric citation systemNumeric citation system

requires only a number in the body of the requires only a number in the body of the paper,paper,

while at the end of the work there should while at the end of the work there should be a numbered list of the references used.be a numbered list of the references used.

In-text citingIn-text citing A number is allocated to a source in the order in which it A number is allocated to a source in the order in which it

is cited in the text Preferable style is either in brackets or is cited in the text Preferable style is either in brackets or in superscript.in superscript. [ ] , e.g.….. innovative learning [ ] , e.g.….. innovative learning11  

If the source is referred to again, the same number is If the source is referred to again, the same number is used. used.

e.g.…...as one author has put it "the darkest days were e.g.…...as one author has put it "the darkest days were still ahead" [1]: which is well documented in the still ahead" [1]: which is well documented in the literature. [2-5] This proves that "the darkest days were literature. [2-5] This proves that "the darkest days were still ahead". [1]still ahead". [1]

Multiple ReferencesMultiple References

use a hyphen to join the first and last numbers that are inclusive.

Use commas (without spaces) to separate non-inclusive

e.g. 2,3,4,5,7,10 is abbreviated to (2-5,7,10)

How to create a Reference List

Reference list should appear at the end of the assignment / report.

Entries are listed numerically and in the same order that they were cited in the text.

Example:1. Baker PN, editor. Obstetrics by ten teachers. 18th ed. London:Hodder Arnold; 2006.

2. Delbridge ML, Harry JL, Toder R. A human candidate spermatogenesis gene, RBM1, is conserved and amplified on the marsupial Y chromosome. Nat Genet. 1997; 15: 131-136.

Essential Elements for referencing Essential Elements for referencing

booksbooksAuthorAuthor TitleTitle EditionEdition Place of PublicationPlace of Publication PublisherPublisher Date (year)Date (year)

Examples Examples Personal Author:

Adam RD, Victor M. Principles of Neurology. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

Editor(s) or Compiler(s):

Diener HC, Wilkinson M, editors. Drug-induced headache. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

Organization as author:

Virginia Law Foundation. The Medical and legal implications of AIDS. Charlottesville: The Foundation, 1987.

Chapter in a book (or part of a book to which a number of

authors have contributed)

Elements of the citation: Author's (of the chapter) surname initials. Title of

chapter. In: Editor's surname initials, editor. Title of the book. # ed. [if not 1st] Place of publication: Publisher's name; Year of publication. p. #.[page numbers of chapter]

e.g.Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York:McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

Journal citations

Main Elements of a journal citation:Example:

1. Author's surname Initials. Title of article. Title of Journal. [abbreviated] Year of publication Month date; Volume number (issue number): page numbers

Examples Examples Volume with supplement

Leff J. Working with the families of schizophrenic patients. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 164 Suppl 23: 71-76.

Issue with supplement:

Hirschfeld RMA, Holzer CE. Depressive personality disorders: clinical implications. J Clin Psychiat 1994 Apr; 55 (4Suppl): 10-17.

Journal article in Electronic format:

Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 Jun 5]; 1(1): [24 screens]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdcgov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm

““Vancouver” Publication Info, Vancouver” Publication Info, Internet sourcesInternet sources

Indicate type of source in square brackets after Indicate type of source in square brackets after title (But this practice varies widely according to title (But this practice varies widely according to journal/instructor)journal/instructor) e.g., [monograph on the Internet] or [serial online]e.g., [monograph on the Internet] or [serial online]

Internet sources require a final sentence Internet sources require a final sentence beginning beginning Available from: Available from:

e.g. Available from: e.g. Available from: http://nursingworld.org/member2.htmhttp://nursingworld.org/member2.htm

Editing Check sheet for Editing Check sheet for References ListReferences List

Each entry Each entry complete?complete? Author/Title (s)/Date/Pub.Author/Title (s)/Date/Pub. Each element in Each element in order?order? Each entry using right Each entry using right form?form? Patterns of Capitalizing/ Patterns of Capitalizing/ (non-)Italicizing/ Standard Abbreviating/ (non-)Italicizing/ Standard Abbreviating/

PunctuatingPunctuating List List matchesmatches in-text citations (numbers or in-text citations (numbers or

superscripts)?superscripts)?

How to Master How to Master “Vancouver Style”“Vancouver Style”

ReadRead journals that use “Vancouver Style,” and journals that use “Vancouver Style,” and be conscious of writers’ choicesbe conscious of writers’ choices

PracticePractice using “Vancouver Style” for many using “Vancouver Style” for many different kinds of sources, papersdifferent kinds of sources, papers

AskAsk FollowFollow instruction of leading journal in instruction of leading journal in youryour field field

Thank you!