DR. SHAHZADI TAYYABA HASHMI

Systemic Fluorides

Fluoride supplementation

Systemic Topical

Dietary fluorides

Salt fluoride

Fluoride in sugar

Water fluoridation

School water fluoridation

Milk fluoridation

Professional application

Self application

Systemic Fluorides

Water fluoridationMilk fluoridationSalt fluoridationFluoride dropsFluoride tabletsFluoride lozenges

Topical Fluorides

Sodium fluorideStannous fluorideAcidulated phosphate fluorideFluoride varnishFluoride DentifriceFluoride mouth rinse

Systemic Fluorides1) Water Fluoridation:Definition:Defined as ‘upward adjustment of the concentration of fluoride ion in a public water supply in such a way that the concentration of fluoride in the water may be

consistently maintained at 1 ppm by weight to prevent dental caries with minimum possibility of dental fluorosis’

Optimum level of fluorides in water:• The optimum fluoride level for water is 1ppm ( parts per

million)

RECOMMENDED CONCENTRATION OF FLUORIDES

Benefits of water fluoridation

1) Appearance of teethTeeth exposed to an optimum or slightly higher level of

fluoride are clear, white, shining and without blemishes)

2) Dental caries reduction in primary and permanent teeth

3) Root caries reductionLife-long consumption of fluoridated water reduces the

incidence of root caries by approximately 50%)4) Malocclusion orthodontic problems are less among children 6-14 yrs

of age living in fluoride area compared to those living in areas without the benefits of fluorides)

Benefits of water fluoridation

5) Interproximal and coronal caries reduction

(there is 95% less prevalence of interproximal dental caries and reduction of 60% coronal caries in fluoridated communities compared to those of non-fluorinated)

6) Economy water fluoridation is most economical in

reducing the cost of public health expenditure)

Feasibility of water fluoridation

Water fluoridation is feasible only if:There is a municipal water supply reaching a

reasonable number of homesPeople drink this water rather than from

individual wells or rainwater tanksSuitable equipment is presentSupply of water is assuredWorkers available in the water treatment plant to

maintain the systemMoney should be available for initial installation

and running costs

Salt fluoridationMost effective method to deliver fluoride to a target

population where water fluoridation is not possibleIn this case fluoride is added to salt by spraying

concentrated solutions of sodium fluoride on a conveyor belt

Advantages:Possibility of fluorosis is minimalLow costFreely availableSupply can be effectively controlledDistribution can be easily monitoredDisadvantages:There is now international efforts to reduce sodium intake

to control hypertension

Milk fluoridation

Milk is an excellent source of calcium and phosphorus and when fortified with vitamin D, helps in development of bones and teeth

Advantages:Important food for children and infantsDisadvantages:ExpensiveVariation in intake and quantity of milk

Fluoride TabletsReduces caries incidence in both permanent

and deciduous dentitionsFluoride tablets are available as NaF tablets

of 2.2 mg, o.55mg and 0.25 mg respectively

Thank you