Dr. Ravi Dhar Summarizes Technology Transfer India 2016
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Transcript of Dr. Ravi Dhar Summarizes Technology Transfer India 2016
BRIEF SUMMARY OF TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN ACADEMIC
ORGANIZATIONS
Ravi Dhar, Ph.D., f-STEM
in.linkedin.com/pub/ravi-dhar/18/71b/895
(Email: [email protected])
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 1
IPR Workshop, JIPMER, Puducherry
Sept. 10, 2016
Modified on 20/9/2016… 9/20/2016
Acknowledgements
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes
2
DBT
BIRAC
ICMR
NII
NIH
USDA, JHU, NYU
Dr. M.K. Bhan
BU {Drs. Gerald Keusch, Ashley Stevens; & Altaf Lal}
Kellogg’s Business School, Center for Biotechnology, North Western University
Nature Biotechnology, International Journal of Technology, Bio-Materials, Nature Nano-technology , MIT Technology Review, MedGadget
Various Websites (USPTO, IPO, EPO) , Books, NYT
Several 0ther Colleagues
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Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 3
World is full of Problems or Challenges
in Health, Agriculture, Environmental sectors
which need solution/s
Finding Solutions would lead to
Innovative Ways or Products or
Technologies
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Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 4
Technologies are Generated by an
Act of Mind
The commodity Developed or produced is
thus called as
Intellectual Property
The legal rights to the property or products
developed
is called as Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
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Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
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Property or products like drugs, vaccines, medical devices, biochemical reagents (for bio-medical research etc.), ‘produced’ as a result of creativity or an act of mind comprise IPRs.
National & International Treaties & Regulations govern, ownership of such property or products
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Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 6
Due to Legal Rights
IPRs generate greater interest to
find Solutions to Problems
& develop Technologies
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Products or Inventions or Technologies:
An example
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( Courtesy image:National Science Foundation, USA)
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Relationship between Technology
Development & Commerce
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 10
Problems Big or Small
Need Solutions
Finding Solutions would lead to
innovative Products &
with Related Education &
Mentoring lead to
Tech
no
logie
s/Solu
tions C
om
merce
Commercial Activity,
Entrepreneurship & Jobs
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Technology Development Needs
Careful Thinking & Funding
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 12
R&D in Academia or Industry
Basic & Applied Research
Funding
(Public or Private or
Venture Capital, Angel Investors)
Both Applied or Basic Research result
in Innovative, Sustainable Product Development for
Public Consumption
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13
Innovation/ Proof of Concept/ Product
Validation/Product Development/Sale
Deliberate on Royalty issues
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Innovation & Enterprise Individuals/
Universities/ Key Players
Institutes/
Industries
Invention/ Technology
Investment
Enterprise/Start up Company
Royalty Reap the Fruits of Innovation if
the product is commercialized
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14
Contribution to Economy
IP
Protection/
Patents
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How do we generate
Intellectual Property?
Research
Legal Protection/Patent
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Practical leads/
PoC/
Invention/Product
File a Patent/
License the
Technology; or
Sell Technology
Develop & Manufacture
Product (commercial activity)
Company/
Enterprise
En
trep
ren
eu
rship
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Innovators desire or demand:
Legal protection for innovations;
Compensation + Awards to keep their
innovative spirit going
Governments of various countries agreed to do the
needful
Net Result:
These regulations keep the “fire in the genius going”
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Innovations should be: Purposeful
Affordable
Useful for an individual or society
Sustainable
Easy to use
Safe to use
Easy to manufacture
Approved by Society
Should have component of Corporate Social
responsibility
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Technology Management & Transfer A complex process involving series of well thought of steps:
1. Research
2. Pre-Disclosure
3. Invention Disclosure
4. Assessment
5. Protection
6. Upscale
7. Make a Start-up Company or Use Existing Company
8. Licensing
9. Marketing & Commercialization
10. Revenue Generation
11. Royalty Sharing or Charity?
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Invention
TTO Disclose Invention to Patent Office (PO)
Review & Approval at PO
Protect Intellectual Property (Patent)/Grant
Find Potential Licensee/Industrial Partner
NDA/CDA/ License
Upscale/Prototype/Clincal or Field Trials
Production/ Marketing & Commercialization
Royalties Tech
nolo
gy M
ana
gem
ent Pro
cess
Linear
Model
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Technology Management Process 1. Idea/Proof of Concept : Technical Assessment
2. File a Patent (Prior Art Search: Novelty/non-Obviousness/Utility) / (Publish Manuscript)
3. Grant Process at Patent Office : Be patient
4. Find an Industrial Partner : Be Patient or float your Start-up Company
5. MoUs_NDA : TTO or Attorney or Agencies
6. Licence , DA : TTO or Attorney
7. Exchange Know-how_MoUs : You and Industry
8. Demand Signing Amount : You + University
9. Furnish Data (Importance of Record Book): You + Industry
10. Freedom to Operate Analysis : TTO/ Patent Attorney
11. Industrial Partner will Validate Data>Upscale>Pilot run
12. Milestone Payments : You + University
13. Industry will Manufacture, Commercialize, Market Product
14. Distribution of Royalty on Sales : You + University + Industry
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 20 9/20/2016
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 21
What India Needs to become more
Innovative?
Innovations need platforms as they are emerging in the
world’s most advanced countries, and India has the
potential to capitalize on this platform as well.
In fact, our performance to date has been low in certain
disciplines . Nonetheless, we observe a gradual change.
Our innovative_commercialization record has been weak; we have a limited
ability to harness risk capital; we have a shortage of critical, highly skilled talent;
and our slow regulatory approvals process could limit the pace of development.
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Technology Trasnfer in India &
Loopholes 22
Types of Inventions/Technologies
From Social angle (Social Impact)
Social : (=cheap, easy to use; “Jugaad”?)
From Scientific angle (Technical Impact)
Incremental: (=small but useful innovations)
Disruptive : (=great path-breaking inventions)
Futuristic : (=as used by space agencies)
From Business Angle (Business Impact)
Sustenance of economy
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Role of Freedom to Operate (FTOs) Searches
in a
Research Area
Why do we Search? To retrieve information which is required to answer specific questions
How we Search?
What do we Search?
Identify Keywords or write the Key string
Any document or information related to questions
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Why do we search patents?
o Is a given invention patentable?
o Do the patent rights already exist for a given
product/process?
o Is a given patent valid?
o Which technologies exist in a given field of
technology?
o Who is active in a given field of technology?
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• Is a given invention (claimed in a patent application) patentable?
Patentability Search
• Do patent rights exist on which a given product risks infringing?
Freedom-To-Operate Search
• Is a given patent valid?
Validity/Invalidity Search
• Which technologies exist in a given field of technology?
• Who is active in a given field of technology?
State-of-the Art Search
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Technology Management
&Transfer
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Proof of Concept Legal Protection
Validation In house Experimental Production
MARKET SALES
Components of Technology Management
Clinical Trials/Field Trials
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Technology Transfer Process Technology
(A Vaccine/Therapeutic Agent/GM Crop etc)
(Drug Discovery> Product Development (Delivery Method+ Kinetics of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)> Clinical Evaluation (Toxicity + Animal & Human Studies)>
Invention Disclosure
Assessment/ Screening
Patent Protection
Licensing & Monitoring
Technology Transfer
(Active Pharmaceutical ingredient> Drug Product(Dosage & Delivery Systems)> Analytic Methods> Stability)
Product Development & Commercialization
Revenue & Monitoring
(http://www.nii.res.in/faculty-06/RaviDhar.htm)
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University/
Institute/
Organization
Start-up Company
/Entrepreneur or a
Big Company
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Technology Transfer Support Systems
is essential
Technology Transfer Offices in Indian Academic
Environment
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R&D Organizations
CSIR
ICMR
IARI
DRDO
DBT
BIRAC
CSIR Tech
IISC, Bangalore
Universities (?)
ISRO
DRDO
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Disposal of Technology
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Disposal of Technologies
We may get a Patent for a Technology or License it to an
Industry after :-
Evaluation : Apply “Go- No Go –Kill” concept (on the
basis of maturity/market requirement etc)
Upscale
License after Valuation
Production
Monitor
Sales & Royalty
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Technology Valuation
Technology Trasnfer in India &
Loopholes 34
Acthar Gel for infantile spasms ?
9/20/2016
Value Grid mapping of Technology /
Product Portfolios
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Loopholes 35 9/20/2016
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Technology Transfer Strategies in Indian Institutions TT Component Model-I Model-I Model-III Model-IV Model-IV
Technology Y Y Y Y Y
Invention Disclosure Y Y Y Y Y
Invention
Assessment
? ? ? Y Y
Patent Protection Y Y ? Y N
NDA N N ? Y Y
DA N Y Y Y Y
Licensing Agreement Y/? Y Y Y Y/N
Revenue deals Y/? Y/? Y/? Y Y
Sharing Know-how ?? ? Y Y Y/N
Monitoring N ? N Y Y/N
Technology Transfer Y Y Y Y Y
Product Development N N N Y Y
Commercialization N N N Y N
Revenue collection Y Y* Y Y Y
Y= Yes; N= No (RD_JIPMER_2016)
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Deficiencies in Technology Management
Half hearted approach to Technology Management or
Transfer Due to deficiencies in Skilled manpower in
Universities or R&D organizations
Indian Academic Organizations should develop a central
Directory to log in the title of their Technologies for further
Action or support they need
We should learn from ISRO/ DRDO/ Private Pharmaceutical
or Biotech Industries
Challenging Areas in Tech Management
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IP Mining
FTOs
Technology Mapping
Infringements
Licensing
Institutional IP policies
How to gel Public and Private effort ??
IP rights are being felt as a burden to innovation?
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Improved Quality of Science needs: 1) Big Budgets & Political will 2) Pool of Skilled Manpower 3) Technology Platforms 4) Intense & meaningful Collaborations
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Organizations with Integrated Innovation & IP Management have High Quality (economically
valuable) Patent Portfolios
Patent Quality Impact on Performance
(+)
High Potential
(++)
Innovation
Leaders
Losers
(-)
Activists
(--)
(low) (high)
Patents/R&D Expenditure Ernst, 2008; Chicago
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Example: Technology Transfer in Private
R&D Sector (2016)
Micronet (spin-off), University of Munich Inst. Of
Immunology (2012) Multiple Myeloma Drug (MMD)
Candidate
Boehringer Inc (CT) further develops MMD as
BI_836909
(drug targets B-cell maturation antigen)
Amgen given rights for Clinical Development, Transfer
Manufacturing & Global Regulatory Filing
9/20/2016
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 42
Market
Research is
Very Important
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9/20/2016