Dr. Oscar Coto II National CDM Workshop Belize August 2011
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Transcript of Dr. Oscar Coto II National CDM Workshop Belize August 2011
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Dr. Oscar Coto
II National CDM WorkshopBelize
August 2011
Estimation of Emissions Reductions in CDM Projects
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Topics
1. CDM Methodologies
2. CDM Tools and guidances
3. Sources of information
4. Baseline, project and leakage emissions
5. Expected project emissions reductions
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Estimation of emissions reductions in the CDM
a. Baseline emissions
b. Project emissions
c. Emissions due to leakage
Emissions reductions = a – (b + c)
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Inputs
• CDM applicable methodology• Project boundaries• Sources and types of GHG• Tools and guidances of the CDM• IPCC estimative procedures• Specific informations• Etc.
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Methodologies are vital in the CDM
• Compliance with CDM modalities and procedures
• Any CDM project must be eligible and should apply an approved baseline and monitoring methodology
• Approval can be requested for a new methodology but specific procedures apply
• Matching project activity and methodology is important
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¿Why methodologies?
• A matter of regulatory principles• Important for replicability and conformance
with the UNFCCC and KP principles• Standarization and guidance
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Types of CDM methodologies
Large scale
Consolidaded methodologies
Small scale methodologies
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Status of methodologies
• Large scale: 77• Consolidated + 18 • Large scale A/R: 11• Consolidated A/R: 2• Small scale: 71 in 3 groups (energy generation,
energy efficiency, other types)• Small scale A/R: 7• Constant evolution on applicable versions
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Taxonomy of a methodology
• I. Sources and applicability: approach, definitions, aplicability
• II. Baseline methodology: boundaries, estimative procedures, definition of baseline, emissions by source, etc.
• III. Monitoring methodology: data and parameters, descriptions, QC/QA procedures, plans, etc.
• IV. References and other information
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Small scale methodology (SSC)
• Technology/ measures applicable• Frontiers• Baseline • Project emissions• Leakage• Emissions reductions• Monitoring• Considerations if the project is a part of a programe
of activities
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Project boundaries
• Control principle
• Project contextualization, identification of relevant sources and types of GHGs
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Project in the african palm industry
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Capture and destruction of methane
in waste water in the
palm oil industry
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Sugar cogeneration project
• Site of generation in the mill• Biomass transport to site• Interconnected generation (in
case of exports of electricity to a• Any site if there was natural
decay or decomposition of biomass in the baseline
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CDM Tools
• Acompanny the methodologies and detail specific procedures and approaches for estimations of emissions
• 11 tools for large scale projects
• 11 tools, 4guidances for small scale projects
• 14 tools for large scale and SSC A/R projects
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1. Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality Version 5.2 EB 39 annex 10
2. Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality Version 2.2 EB 28 annex 14 T
3. Tool to calculate project or leakage CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion Version 2 EB 41 annex 11
4. Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site Version 5 EB 55 annex 18
5. Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption Version 1 EB 39 annex 7
6. Tool to determine project emissions from flaring gases containing methane Version 1 EB 28 annex 13
7. Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system Version 2 EB 50 annex 14
8. Tool to determine the mass flow of a greenhouse gas in a gaseous stream Version 1 EB 47 annex 10
9. Tool to determine the baseline efficiency of thermal or electric energy generation systems Version 1 EB 48 annex 12
10.Tool to determine the remaining lifetime of equipment Version 1 EB 50 annex 15
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Emissions are related to …
• Types and sources of GHG and the associated significance to the specific conditions
• Delimitation of the project boundaries
• Relevant informations on the specific conditions that may apply to the process or project under consideration
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Emissions sources could be …
• Emissions due to the generation of electricity in a power grid
• Emissions due to the decomposition of solid residues in a landfill
• Emissions due to the burning at open sky of biomass residues
• Etc.
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Information could come from different sources
• “Default” factors• Specific project factors• Results from simulations, expert opinions, etc• Representative factors from similar technologies
applicable to the specific project conditions
In case of doubt … transparency and conservadurism
EB tends to specify conditions for information traceability in the documentation required
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IPCC 2006 Guidelines are important sources of information
V1: General Guidance and Reporting
V2: Energy
V3: Industrial Processes and Product Use
V4: Agriculture, Forestry and other Land Use
V5: Waste
Available at www.ipcc.ch
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Fuel Information
• IPCC default values
• Country specific
• In case country specific information is available, it is preferable to use it for the purpose of PDD estimations
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Emissions associated to combustion of fossil fuels
COMBUSTIBLE CONT. ENERGÍA
CONTENIDO C/CO2
LPG 47.31 TJ/1000 ton
17.2 tC/TJ (0.063 k ton
CO2/TJ)
Diesel/LFO/no.2 43.3 TJ/1000 ton20.2 tC/TJ
(0.0741 k ton CO2/TJ
HFO/No. 6/BunkerC 40.2 TJ/1000 ton
21.1 tC/TJ (0.077 k ton
CO2/TJ)
Kerosene 44.75 TJ/1000 ton
19.6 tC/TJ(0.0719 k ton
CO2/TJ
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Emissions associated to electricity consumption
• Product of the electricity consumed or saved multlied by an emission factor related to the source of electricity in the baseline
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Emission factor for an electricity grid
• Remote systems• Interconnected systems• Represented by ton CO2 / MWh generated• Tools are available for its calculation
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Information required for grid emission factors
General description of the sector
Types of installed capacity
Fuel consumptions by generation sources
Relevant context informations
Dispatch data
Etc.
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Emission factor for grids in the region
País Factor de emisión
(T CO2/MWh)Costa Rica 0,32El Salvador 0,70Guatemala 0,65Honduras 0,65Nicaragua 0,75Panamá 0,56
RD 0,73
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What about Belize?
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Estimating Emissions Reductions involves the consideration of …
• Baseline emissions
• Project activity emissions
• Emissions due to leakage
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Emissions in the baseline and project scenarios
Base Line Scenario
Project Scenario
Emissions
Time
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Emissions that occur outside the project boundaries for which the project is responsible
Project
Baseline scenario
Project scenario
Leakage due to the project
Leakage
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Remembering the PDD
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At the PDD level
• Baseline information has to be included in Annex 3
• Project related emissions information has to be included in a section of the PDD
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The net emissions reductions due to the CDM project activity are equal to
Baseline emissions –
Project activity emissions –
Emissions due to leakage
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Now you know how to do it !
Select methodology
• Draw and understand the project boundaries• Define sources and types of GHG to consider• Construct a tableof emissions and equations/procedures• Construct your variable definitions and values• Estimate the relevant emissions due to baseline, project
and leakage