Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

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Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment
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Transcript of Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Page 1: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Dr. Martin T. AuerMTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

Wastewater Treatment

Page 2: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendmentsof 1972 (Clean Water Act)

Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)

National Pollutant Discharge EliminationSystem (NPDES)

Add Clark

In A Watershed – Everyone Lives Downstream

Page 3: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

ReceivingWaterImpacts

LTI Software

Q = 8C = 0, 250, 100

Page 4: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

MichiganNPDESPermit

Page 5: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

TreatmentPlantDesign

LTI Software

Cin = 250k = 0.1V = 0, 250, 750

Page 6: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Aluminum Forming Battery Manufacturing;Cement Manufacturing; Coil Coating & Can Making;Copper Forming; Dairy Products Processing; Electrical & Electronic Component Manufacturing;Electroplating & Metal Finishing; Explosives Manufacturing; Fruit & Vegetable Processing; Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Fertilizer Manufacturing; Glass Manufacturing; Gum & Wood Chemicals Manufacturing;Ink Formulating; Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing;Iron & Steel Manufacturing; Leather Tanning & Finishing; Meat Products Processing; Metal Molding & Casting; Mining Operations; Nonferrous Metals Processing; Organic Chemicals, Plastic & Synthetic Fibers Manufacturing;Paving & Roofing Materials Manufacturing;Soap & Detergent Manufacturing; Petroleum Refining; Pesticide Manufacturing; Porcelain Enameling; Pharmaceutical Manufacturing; Plastic Molding & Forming; Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Manufacturing

Timber Products Processing; Textile Mills

Federally-Regulated Non-Domestic Sources

http://www.socwa.com/indwaste.htm

Page 7: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Chemicals Designated as Priority Pollutants (126)

• AROCLOR 1254 (industrial product; banned)• BENZENE (industrial product)• BENZO(A)PYRENE (asphalt roofing manufacture)• CADMIUM (heavy metal; electric/gas industries)• CHLORDANE (pesticide; banned or restricted)• CHROMIUM (heavy metal; widely used in industry)• DDT (pesticide; banned or restricted)• ENDRIN (pesticide; banned or restricted)• MERCURY (heavy metal; electric/gas and chemical industries)• PENTACHLOROPHENOL (industrial chemical – wood products)• TOLUENE (widely used industrial chemical)• TRICHLOROETHYLENE (industrial solvent, degreaser)

http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-groups/one-list.tcl?short_list_name=pp

Page 8: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

What’s in wastewater?

Waste

human feces and urine food from sinks soaps and other cleaning agents runoff from streets and lawns industrial discharges

Page 9: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

What’s in wastewater?

Water

lots of it! Urinal - 1 gallon per flush Toilet - 4 gallons per flush Shower - 20 gallons per use Overall - 55 gal/person/day

Page 10: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

It’s mostly water!

There are about 500 parts of waste in every 1 million parts of wastewater; that’s500 ppm.

It’s like trying to find this class at a sold out Packers game!

H2O

Page 11: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

So what’s the problem?

P SNOT: it snot a pretty picture!

Pollutant Problem Pathogens Disease Solids Aesthetics Nutrients Algae Organics Oxygen Toxics Wildlife

Solids

Page 12: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Composition of Domestic Wastewater

Constituent Influent Effluent

Suspended Solids 200-300 30

BOD5 200-400 30

Ammonia Nitrogen 20-40 1-2

Phosphorus 7-10 1

Fecal Coliforms 104-106 200

All concentrations are mg/L, except fecal coliformswhich are colony forming units (cfu) per 100 mL.

Page 13: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Where does it go when you flush the toilet?

This is really not something I’ve given a lot of thought to.

Page 14: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Collection Systems

Page 15: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Portage Lake Sewer System

HancockHoughton

Franklin Sq.

Super 8

MTU

M&M Bldg.

POTW

PP

G

G

G

G

P

Surface; 30”

10’;36”

Lake; 48”

20’; 48”

Near Surface; 30”

Page 16: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

It’s a 24/7 thing!

On average, the Portage Lake Treatment Plant receives 2.8 MGD of raw wastewater with peak flows >10 MGD.

The average daily flow to the plant would fill the EERC to the roof in 4 days.

How much?

Page 17: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Combined Sewer Overflows

Milwaukee Tunnel Projecthttp://www.mmsd.com/projects/collection7.cfm http://www.lakemichigan.org/news/appeals.asp

CSOs, Onondaga Creek, Syracuse, NY

To Treatment Plant

Page 18: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Metcalf & Eddy

Diurnal Variation in Wastewater Flow

Page 19: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Metcalf & Eddy

Wet-Dry Variation in Wastewater Flow

Page 20: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Bar Rack

Page 21: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Screen

Page 22: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Comminutor

Page 23: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Grit Chamber

Page 24: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Dissolved Air Floatation

Page 25: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Preliminary Treatment Overview

Bar Rack or Screen or Comminutor

Grit Chamber

Flow Equalization

from pumps or wet well

to primary treatment

Page 26: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Primary Treatment – Rectangular Clarifier

Page 27: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Primary Treatment – Circular Clarifier

Page 28: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

horizontalflowclarifier

upward flowclarifier

Page 29: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

(From Kiely, 1997)

Page 30: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Secondary or Biological Treatment

Simple carbohydrates (a form of organic matter) are produced by plants through the process of photosynthesis. These are then converted to more complex carbohydrates and other forms of organic matter such as starches, fats and proteins. simple .

The sun’s energy, captured during photosynthesis, is stored in the chemical bonds of this organic matter.

2 2 22( )CO H O OC H O

Organisms (from bacteria to humans) take up and metabolize organic matter to obtain the energy required to support life.

In secondary or biological treatment, we utilize microorganisms to remove the dissolved and small particulate organic matter which would exert an oxygen demand if it were released to the environment. The waste (actually organic matter) is simply converted into another form (microorganisms) which can then be separated from the waste stream by settling yielding a clean effluent.

microbe2

s2 2 2( )C OO O OH C H

Page 31: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

The Microbial Loop in Nature

Page 32: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Microorganisms in Secondary or Biological Treatment

Source: http://www.college.ucla.edu/webproject/micro7/studentprojects7/Rader/asludge2.htm

Page 33: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

The Microbial Loop in Secondary Treatment

Page 34: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Secondary Treatment – Trickling Filter

Page 35: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Secondary Treatment – Trickling FilterFilter Media

Image Source: Wastewater Engineering, Metcalf & Eddy

Page 36: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Secondary Treatment – Rotating Biological Disks

Page 37: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Secondary Treatment – Activated Sludge

Page 38: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

The Monod Curve

(From Kiely, 1997)

Page 39: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Batch Growth Curve

Page 40: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

F/M Ratio versus BOD Removal Efficiency

(From Kiely, 1997)

EndogenousGrowth

LogGrowth

DecliningGrowth

Page 41: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Activated Sludge: aeration (diffuser)

Page 42: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Activated Sludge: aeration (mechanical)

Page 43: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Activated Sludge: Plug Flow Configurations

(From M&E)

Plug Flow (Conventional)

Page 44: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Activated Sludge: Plug Flow Configurations

(From M&E)

Page 45: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Activated Sludge: Plug Flow Configurations

(From M&E)

Page 46: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Activated Sludge: Completely Mixed Flow Configurations

(From M&E)

Page 47: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Activated Sludge: Completely Mixed Flow Configurations

(From M&E)

Page 48: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Secondary Clarifier

Page 49: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Disinfection (UV light)

Page 50: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Portage Lake Wastewater Treatment Plant

LiftStation

BarScreens

GritChamber

FlowEqualization

1°Clarifier

1°Clarifier

2°Clarifier

2°Clarifier

AerationTank

UVDisinfection

1st StageAnaerobicDigester

2nd StageAnaerobicDigester

LandApplication

SludgeStorage

FilterPress

Recycle

Supernatant

RAS

RAS

WAS

1°S

Polym

er Added

Feadded

Feadded

Portage Lake Wastewater Treatment Plant

LiftStation

BarScreens

GritChamber

FlowEqualization

1°Clarifier

1°Clarifier

2°Clarifier

2°Clarifier

AerationTank

UVDisinfection

1st StageAnaerobicDigester

2nd StageAnaerobicDigester

LandApplication

SludgeStorage

FilterPress

Recycle

Supernatant

RAS

RAS

WAS

1°S

Polym

er Added

Feadded

Feadded

Page 51: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

putrid: in a state of foul decay, as animal or vegetable matter

putrescible: liable to become putrid

Putrescible

Page 52: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Anaerobic Digestion: Biochemistry

Page 53: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Anaerobic Digestion: Reactors

Page 54: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Sludge Drying Beds

Page 55: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Belt Filter

Page 56: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Centrifuge

Page 57: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Multiple Hearth Furnace

Page 58: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Land Application

The Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District provides wastewater treatment to villages towns and cities surrounding the Madison area lakes. Biosolids produced at the MMSD Nine Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant are recycled to agricultural land as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. Biosolids recycling practices are regulated by both USEPA and Wisconsin DNR to ensure that human and animal health are protected.

http://www.madsewer.org/EMS-start-3.htm

http://www.stdnet.com/company/?category_number=4&subcategory_number=3

Page 59: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Recycling

The Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District has been marketing its biosolids as Milorganite, a fertilizer and soil conditioner, for over 80 years. Today, 55,000 tons of Milorganite are sold annually. Milorganite is produced by place dewatered sludge cake in massive dryers with a temperature gradient of 800-1200 °F at the inlet and 180-210 °F at the outlet. This effectively inactivates viral and bacterial pathogens.

http://members.cox.net/matthewhill_agrilawn/agrilawn1.htmhttp://www.lowes.com/lowes/lkn?action=productDetail&productId=97821-1321-97821&lpage=none

http://www.biosolids.org/docs/source/MilWI.pdf

Page 60: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Portage Lake Wastewater Treatment Plant

LiftStation

BarScreens

GritChamber

FlowEqualization

1°Clarifier

1°Clarifier

2°Clarifier

2°Clarifier

AerationTank

UVDisinfection

1st StageAnaerobicDigester

2nd StageAnaerobicDigester

LandApplication

SludgeStorage

FilterPress

Recycle

Supernatant

RAS

RAS

WAS

1°S

Polym

er Added

Feadded

Feadded

Portage Lake Wastewater Treatment Plant

LiftStation

BarScreens

GritChamber

FlowEqualization

1°Clarifier

1°Clarifier

2°Clarifier

2°Clarifier

AerationTank

UVDisinfection

1st StageAnaerobicDigester

2nd StageAnaerobicDigester

LandApplication

SludgeStorage

FilterPress

Recycle

Supernatant

RAS

RAS

WAS

1°S

Polym

er Added

Feadded

Feadded

Page 61: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Lagoons or Oxidation Ponds

Page 62: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Septic Tanks

Page 63: Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Wastewater Treatment.

Septic Tanks