ARTH GYAANBUZZ: DR. MANMOHAN SINGH

(EX PM OF INDIA)

BYCHANDAN GUPTA

NEHA CHANDE

DR. MANMOHAN SINGH

Personal background

Manmohan Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh and Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932,in Gah, Punjab (now in Chakwal District, Pakistan), British India, into a Sikh family.

He lost his mother when he was very young, and he was raised by his paternal grandmother, to whom he was very close. He was a hard working student who studied by candlelight, as his village did not have electricity.

After the Partition of India, he migrated to Amritsar, India, where he studied at Hindu College.

Married in the year 1958 to Smt. Gursharan Kaur .

Dr. singh is having 3 daughters

ACADEMIC RECORD 1962 : D. Phil., Nuffield College, University of Oxford. Topic:

India’s Export Trends and Prospects for Self- Sustained Growth. [Published by Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1964]

1957 :Economic Tripos [First Class honours], University of Cambridge

1954: M.A. Economics, Panjab University – First Class with first position in the University

1952: B.A. Economics (Hons.), Panjab University – Second Class with first position in the University

1950: Intermediate, Panjab University – First Class with first position in the University

1948: Matriculation, Panjab University – First class

WORK EXPERIENCE AND POSITIONS HELD

1957 – 1965 : Punjab University, Chandigarh

1957-59 :Senior Lecturer in Economics

1959-63 : Reader in Economics 1963-65 : Professor of Economics   1966-1969: UNCTAD, United Nations

Secretariat, New York Chief, Financing for Trade Section 1966 : Economic Affairs Officer 

1969 – 1971: Professor of International Trade, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi University, India

1971 – 1972: Economic Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Trade, India

1972 – 1976: Chief Economic Adviser, Ministry of Finance, India

Nov.1976 – April 1980: Secretary, Ministry of Finance Dept. of Economic Affairs

April 1980 – Sept 1982: Member-Secretary, Planning Commission, India

Sept 1982 – Jan 1985: Governor, Reserve Bank of India

Jan 1985- July 1987: Dy. Chairman, Planning Commission of India

August 1987 – Nov 1990: and Commissioner, South Commission Secretary General

Dec 1990 – March 1991: Advisor to Prime Minister of India on Economic Affairs

March 1991-June 1991: Chairman, University Grants Commission

September, 1991: Elected Member of Rajya Sabha

June, 1995: Re-elected Member of Rajya Sabha for a term of six years

June 21, 1991- May 15, 1996 Finance Minister of India

Work as Finance Minister

India's fiscal deficit was close to 8.5 % of the GDP, the balance of payments deficit was huge and the current account deficit was close to 3.5 percent of India's GDP. India's foreign reserves barely amounted to US$1 billion, enough to pay for a few weeks of imports, in comparison to US$283 billion today.

Liberalisation of Foreign Policy. The limit of foreign equity was raised to 100% in many activities, i.e., NRI and foreign investors were permitted to invest in Indian companies.

New economic policy. dismantled Licence Raj .

slowly opened the Indian economy to foreign investment and business competition.

Rao and Singh thus implemented policies to open up the economy and change India's socialist economy to a more capitalistic one, in the process dismantling the Licence Raj, a system that inhibited the prosperity of private businesses. They removed many obstacles standing in the way of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and initiated the process of the privatisation of public sector companies

In 1993, Singh offered his resignation from the post of Finance Minister after a parliamentary investigation report criticised his ministry for not being able to anticipate a US$1.8 billion securities scandal.

August 1, 1996 - Dec 4, 1997: Chairman, Parliamentary Standing Committee on Commerce, Rajya Sabha

June, 2001: Re-elected as member of Rajya Sabha for a term of six years

March 21, 1998 – May 22,2004: Leader of Opposition, Rajya Sabha (Council of States) Parliament of India

May 22, 2004 - May 26, 2014The Prime Minister of India

Work as PM

Economic policy liberalised the Indian economy, allowing it to

speed up development. In 2007, India achieved its highest GDP growth

rate of 9% and became the second fastest growing major economy in the world.

continued the Golden Quadrilateral and the highway modernisation program that was initiated by Vajpayee's government.

working on reforming the banking and financial sectors, as well as public sector companies.

In 2005, Singh's government introduced the value added tax, replacing sales tax.

In 2007 and early 2008, the global problem of inflation impacted India.

Healthcare and education In 2005, National Rural Health Mission

was started. announced that eight more IIT will be

opened. continued the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

programme, begun by his predecessor, Mr. Vajpayee.

The programme has included the introduction and improvement of mid-day meals and the opening of schools all over India, especially in rural areas, to fight illiteracy.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)

The Right to Information Act were passed by the Parliament in 2005 during his tenure

Security, Foreign and Home Affairs

Manmohan Singh administration initiated a massive reconstruction effort in Kashmir to stabilise the region but after some period of success, infiltration and terrorism in Kashmir has increased since 2009

Singh's government has been criticised by opposition parties for revoking POTA and for the many bomb blasts in various cities, like in Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Delhi, Jaipur, etc.

After the Mumbai terror attacks in 2008, a National Investigation Agency (NIA) was set up to face these challenges.

The most controversial Indo-US Civilian Nuclear Deal, which was strongly opposed by other parties, was signed under his governance.

Honours & awards

2014 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers by govt of Japan

1996 Honorary Professor, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi

1995 Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary Award of the Indian Science Congress Association for 1994-95

1994 Asiamoney Award, Finance Minister of the Year 1994 Elected Honorary Fellow, Nuffield College, University of

Oxford, Oxford, U.K. 1993 Euromoney Award, Finance Minister of the year 1993 Asiamoney Award, Finance Minister of the Year 1987 Padma Vibhushan Award by the President of India 1986 National Fellow, National Institute of Education, N.C.E.R.T. 1982 Elected Honorary Fellow, St. John’s College, Cambridge. 1982 Elected Honorary Fellow, Indian Institute of Bankers 1957 Elected Wrenbury Scholar, University of Cambridge, U.K. 1955 Distinguished Performance, St. John’s College, Cambridge,

U.K. Awarded Wright’s  Prize 1956 Awarded Adam Smith Prize, University of Cambridge, U.K. 1954 Uttar Chand Kapur Medal, Panjab University, for standing first

in M.A. (Economics), Panjab University, Chandigarh 1952 University Medal for standing First in B.A. Hon. (Economics),

Panjab University, Chandigarh.

THANK YOU …..