Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 466 SWE 466 Software Project Management Chap 1 Dr. Mohammod Shamim Hossain...
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Transcript of Dr. M. Shamim HossainSWE 466 SWE 466 Software Project Management Chap 1 Dr. Mohammod Shamim Hossain...
Dr. M. Shamim Hossain SWE 466
SWE 466Software Project Management
Chap 1
Dr. Mohammod Shamim HossainOffice: 2115
Tel: (1) 4676189
E-mail: [email protected]
1
What is project?
A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result” (PMBOK® Guide, Fourth Edition, 2008, p. 5)
A technician replaces ten laptops for a small department A small software development team adds a new feature to an internal software
application for the finance department A college campus upgrades its technology infrastructure to provide wireless
Internet access across the whole campus A cross-functional task force in a company decides what Voice-over-Internet-
Protocol (VoIP) system to purchase and how it will be implemented
Dr. M. Shamim Hossain SWE 4662
Project Attribute
Dr. M. Shamim Hossain SWE 466
A project: Has a unique purpose Is temporary Is developed using progressive elaboration Requires resources, often from various areas Should have a primary customer or sponsor
The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project
Involves uncertainty
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Advantages of Using Formal Project Management
Dr. M. Shamim Hossain SWE 466
Better control of financial, physical, and human resources
Improved customer relations Shorter development times Lower costs Higher quality and increased reliability Higher profit margins Improved productivity Better internal coordination Higher worker morale
4
Project Management
Dr. M. Shamim Hossain SWE 466
Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements” (PMBOK® Guide, Fourth Edition, 2008, p. 6)
Project Management is the planning, scheduling and controlling of project activities to achieve project objectives.
Project managers strive to meet the triple constraint by balancing project scope, time, and cost goals
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The Triple Constraint of Project Management
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The Challenge of Software Project Management
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Software is extremely flexible and changes can easily get out of hand. This makes software significantly different from the subject of other engineering fields.
What we need is two-folds: a person that understand both software engineering principles and project management principles. In the industry, many software PMs go up the rank by experience
with only technical background, and without proper PM knowledge.
The opposite is also fatal (a PM expert with no knowledge of software engineering).
Things seem to be changing for the better
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Dr. M. Shamim Hossain
Why do we study SPM?
In mid 90’s, some key studies were performed about software development (Defense Science Board ’94, Standish Group ’95, Jones ’96). They all reached the same general conclusions: Software Development is highly unpredictable; Only 10% of
projects are delivered within initial budget and schedule. Management has greater effect in success or failure than
technology advances. Too much software scrap and rework: process is immature.
Yourdan reports that 25% of large projects never finish and the average MIS project is one year late and 100% over budget.
SWE 4668
Dr. M. Shamim Hossain
Standish Group
SWE 466
Project is: 1995 2000 2006
cancelled before completion
31% 23% 19%
100% late 12% 2.5% -
overrun cost (total) B$59 B$22 -
successful 16.2% 28% 35%
Improving-money wasted $140 $53
• Good news: it’s improving.• Bad news: it’s still bad!
• 1995 vs. 2000 vs. 2006
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Why improvements?
The reasons for the increase in successful projects vary. First, the average cost of a project has been more than cut in half. Better tools have been created to monitor and control progress and better skilled project managers with better management processes are being used. The fact that there are processes is significant in itself
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Project Success
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There are several ways to define project success: The project met scope, time, and cost goals The project satisfied the customer/sponsor The results of the project met its main objective,
such as making or saving a certain amount of money, providing a good return on investment, or simply making the sponsors happy
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What Helps Projects Succeed?
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1. Executive support
2. User involvement
3. Experienced project
manager
4. Clear business objectives
5. Minimized scope
6. Standard software
infrastructure
7. Firm basic requirements
8. Formal methodology
9. Reliable estimates
10. Other criteria, such as
small milestones, proper planning, competent staff, and ownership
12
Recent studies
Recent research findings show that companies that excel in project delivery capability: Use an integrated project management toolbox
(use standard/advanced PM tools, lots of templates)
Grow project leaders, emphasizing business and soft skills
Develop a streamlined project delivery process Measure project health using metrics, like customer
satisfaction or return on investment
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Goal of Project Management
To finish the project: on budget on time feature-complete with high quality
Project Management is the planning, scheduling and controlling of project activities to achieve project objectives.
Suggested readings: The Mythical Man Month. Death March: The Complete Software Developer's Guide to
Surviving "Mission Impossible" Projects.
SCOPE
COST
TIME
Dilemma
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On Budget Software projects being over budget is a
major problem (we saw the numbers). Project Management helps us
estimate the budget needed to complete a project before it starts
monitor the progress and, at any given time, find out how much a project has cost and how much more it will cost until completion.
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On Time Software projects are often delayed (as we
saw). Project Management helps us:
estimate the time needed to complete a project before it starts
monitor the progress and find out how much time remains to completion.
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Scope Software delivered at the end must provide
all the features specified in its requirements (feature complete).
Project Management helps us: estimate what features can be developed in the
given time and cost frame monitor the progress and find out what features
have been completed, and which ones will be completed before the end of the project: enables manager to re-negotiation features
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Quality Software users are among the worst-
treated customers in engineering! It is taken for granted that software has
bugs, crashes from time to time, doesn’t work occasionally, is too complicated to install and to use, and yet we don’t complain much.
Quality is a “given” part of scope: features that are complete must be of high quality.
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On Budget
Software projects being over budget is a major problem (we saw the numbers).
Project Management helps us estimate the budget needed to complete a
project before it starts monitor the progress and, at any given time,
find out how much a project has cost and how much more it will cost until completion.
Project Management Framework
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Project Stakeholders
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Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities
Stakeholders include: The project sponsor The project manager The project team Support staff Customers Users Suppliers Opponents to the project
21
SPM Knowledge areas
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Knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop 4 core knowledge areas lead to specific project
objectives (scope, time, cost, and quality) 4 facilitating knowledge areas are the means through
which the project objectives are achieved (human resources, communication, risk, and procurement management
1 knowledge area (project integration management) affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas
All knowledge areas are important!
22
Project management tools and techniques
Project management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in various aspects of project management
Some specific ones include: Project charter, scope statement, and WBS (scope) Gantt charts, network diagrams, critical path analysis,
critical chain scheduling (time) Cost estimates and earned value management (cost)
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Tools and Techniques (cont.)
“Super tools” are those tools that have high use and high potential for improving project success, such as: Software for task scheduling (such as project management software) Scope statements Requirements analyses Lessons-learned reports
Tools already extensively used that have been found to improve project importance include: Progress reports Kick-off meetings Gantt charts Change requests
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Suggested Skills for Project Managers
Project managers work with project sponsors, the project team, and other people involved in a project to meet project goals
Project managers need a wide variety of skills, they should: Be comfortable with change
Understand the organizations they work in and with
Be able to lead teams to accomplish project goals
The Project Management Body of Knowledge Application area knowledge, standards, and regulations Project environment knowledge General management knowledge and skills Soft skills or human relations skills
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Ten Most Important Skills and Competencies for Project Managers
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1. People skills2. Leadership3. Listening4. Integrity, ethical behavior, consistent5. Strong at building trust6. Verbal communication7. Strong at building teams8. Conflict resolution, conflict management9. Critical thinking, problem solving10. Understands, balances priorities
The Role of the Project Manager and Project Management as Profession
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Job descriptions vary, but most include responsibilities like planning, scheduling, coordinating, and working with people to achieve project goals
The profession of project management is growing at a very rapid pace
It is helpful to understand the history of the field, the role of professional societies like the Project Management Institute, and the growth in project management software
Project Management Software
There are hundreds of different products to assist in performing project management
Three main categories of tools: Low-end tools: handle single or smaller projects well, cost under
$200 per user Midrange tools: handle multiple projects and users, cost $200-600
per user, Project 2007 most popular High-end tools: also called enterprise project management
software, often licensed on a per-user basis, like VPMi Enterprise Online (www.vcsonline.com) – see front cover for trial version information
See the Project Management Center Web site or Top Ten Reviews for links to many companies that provide project management software
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Gantt Chart
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Sample Network Diagram in Microsoft Project
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Project Health
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Summary
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements
Successful project management means meeting all three goals (scope, time, and cost) – and satisfying the project’s sponsor
Project managers play a key role in helping projects and organizations succeed
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متشکرم
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