Dr. Ken Hoganson, Kennesaw State University Introduction to Torque Script Programming.

Dr. Ken Hoganson, Kennesaw State Dr. Ken Hoganson, Kennesaw State UniversityUniversity

Introduction to Introduction to Torque Script Torque Script ProgrammingProgramming


On the CDTorqueUltraEdit32 (not required to use)Sound editor: AudacityShape editor: MilkShapePaintShop Pro (trial version)Building interior creation tool: QuArKVarious demos


Example Torque Script//

========================================================

// geometry.cs// This program adds calculates the distance around the perimiter of// a quadrilateral, as well as the area of the quadrilateral and outputs

the// values. It recognizes whether the quadrilateral is a square or a

rectangle// modifies its output accordingly. Program assumes that all angles in

the// quadrilateral are equal. Demonstrates the if-else statement.//

=========================================================

function calcAndPrint(%theWidth, %theHeight)// ------------------------------------------------------------------------// This function does the shape analysis and prints the result.// PARAMETERS: %theWidth - horizontal dimension// %theHeight - vertical dimension// RETURNS: none// ------------------------------------------------------------------------


Example Torque Scriptfunction calcAndPrint(%theWidth, %theHeight) { // calculate perimeter %perimeter = 2 * (%theWidth+%theHeight); // calculate area %area = %theWidth * %theHeight;

// first, setup the dimension output string %prompt = "For a " @ %theWidth @ " by " @ %theHeight @ " quadrilateral, area and perimeter of ";

// analyze the shape's dimensions and select different // descripters based on the shape's dimensions if (%theWidth == %theHeight) // if true, then it's a

square %prompt = %prompt @ "square: "; else // otherwise it's a rectangle %prompt = %prompt @ "rectangle: ";

// always output the analysis print (%prompt @ %area @ " " @ %perimeter);}


Example Torque Scriptfunction main() {//

------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Entry point for the program.//

------------------------------------------------------------------------

// calculate and output the results for three // known dimension sets calcAndPrint(22, 26); // rectangle calcAndPrint(31, 31); // square calcAndPrint(47, 98); // rectangle}


Torque on the Webhttp://www.garagegames.com/

Claim 25 major games published based on the Torque game engine

Resources and etc.Garagegames has an intenational

presence, exhibiting at the major game conferences and expos.


Modern ParadigmUsed to be: interpreted was too slow,

all serious programming was with compiled languages

Now with faster computers available, we are using hybrid paradigm:◦Compiled functions and systems/virtual

machines◦Program with script/interpreted: high-level,

may be easier to work with, is easier to develop custom functionality (like a game engine)

◦May use intermediate byte-code◦I have used this concept in the past to

build simulation systems.


VariablesDifferences compared with compiled

C/C++ Typeless: variables do not have a

type. Think of variable names as pointers to data. The name is just a name, it’s the data that has the type (int, char, float, etc).

Variable Declarations: declared on first use. No need to formally declare in advance of use.


Hello World //

========================================================================

// HelloWorld.cs // // This module is a program that prints a simple greeting on

the screen. // //

========================================================================

function main() // ---------------------------------------------------- // Entry point for the program. // ---------------------------------------------------- { print("Hello World"); }


File extensionsNote the extension of

.cs

for Torque scripts.After “compiling”

.cs.dso


ExpressionsTerminate with “;”Use braces for blocks: { }

if (%num > 10) {print(“Greater than 10”);

} else {print(“Less than 10”);

}Statements can span more than one

line – goes until “;”


keywordsbreakcasecontinuedefaultdoelsefalseforfunctionifnewreturnswitchtruewhile


Variable namesMust not be a Torque keywordMust start with a letterMay contain only letters, numbers, or

underscoreNOT case sensitiveChoose meaningful namesSuggestion: combine uppper/lower and

underscore in names:%Round_Door %Rect_Door

(may be an emerging soft standard for script writing)

Must be preceded by either “$” or “%” (next slide)


Scope%,$ used in front of variable name

% local variable – accessible only within the local function

$ global variable – accessible throughout the entire program


ArraysSquare brackets [ ] for arraysIndex is an integerNo need to declare in advance

$Apple = 5;$Prices[$Apple] = 0.59;

Of course, one of the values in using arrays is the ability to iterate through them, so using value in an array in numeric sequence makes sense.

Does not support 2-D arrays


Fruitloopy.csOn my install, source for the

textbook, after install on my machine, is in a subdirectory call bookcode.

I copied fruitloopy.cs to its parent directory (which is c:\3DGPAi1\ch2)


fruitloopy.cs /

========================================================================

// FruitLoopy.cs // // This module is a program that prints a simple greeting on the

screen. // This program adds up the costs and quantities of selected fruit

types // and outputs the results to the display. This module is a variation // of the the Fruit.cs module //

========================================================================

function main() // ---------------------------------------------------- // Entry point for the program. // ---------------------------------------------------- { // // ----------------- Initialization --------------------- //


fruitloopy.cs %numFruitTypes = 5; // so we know how many types are in our

arrays

%bananaIdx=0; // initilize the values of our index variables %appleIdx=1; %orangeIdx=2; %mangoIdx=3; %pearIdx=4;

%names[%bananaIdx] = "bananas"; // initilize the fruit name values %names[%appleIdx] = "apples"; %names[%orangeIdx] = "oranges"; %names[%mangoIdx] = "mangos"; %names[%pearIdx] = "pears";

%cost[%bananaIdx] = 1.15; // initilize the price values %cost[%appleIdx] = 0.55; %cost[%orangeIdx] = 0.55; %cost[%mangoIdx] = 1.90; %cost[%pearIdx] = 0.68;

%quantity[%bananaIdx] = 1; // initilize the quantity values %quantity[%appleIdx] = 3; %quantity[%orangeIdx] = 4; %quantity[%mangoIdx] = 1; %quantity[%pearIdx] = 2;


fruitloopy.cs

%numFruit=0; // always a good idea to initialize *all* variables!

%totalCost=0; // (even if we know we are going to change them later)

// // ----------------- Computation --------------------- //

// Display the known statistics of the fruit collection for (%index = 0; %index < %numFruitTypes; %index++) { print("Cost of " @ %names[%index] @ ":$" @ %cost[%index]); print("Number of " @ %names[%index] @ ":" @

%quantity[%index]); }

// count up all the pieces of fruit, and display that result for (%index = 0; %index <= %numFruitTypes; %index++) { %numFruit = %numFruit + %quantity[%index]; } print("Total pieces of Fruit:" @ %numFruit);


fruitloopy.cs

// now calculate the total cost for (%index = 0; %index <= %numFruitTypes;

%index++) { %totalCost = %totalCost + (%quantity[%index]*

%cost[%index]); } print("Total Price of Fruit:$" @ %totalCost);}


Running programsMy CD did not include an IDERuns from a DOS windowOpen from the “start search” input

bar:◦Type “command”

Open file with an editor (can use notepad or any editor)

Open file explore to view the directory (folder) and move/copy/delete files


DOSThe prompt shows your current

location (drive:directory/subdirectory)Directories are foldersdir - shows current directory contentscd - “change directory” can move up

and down in the directory structure. ie cd ch2 - will move from the current

location into a subdirectory called ch2 cd .. - will move up one level in the tree


tgeFrom the command promptChange into the Torque folder which

is 3DGPAi1cd c:\3dgpai1

Prompt now shows:c:\3dgpai1>

The torque executable is here (tge.exe)

Can execute programs from here, or in subdirectories:tge –ch2 fruit.cs

Dr. Ken Hoganson, Kennesaw State University Introduction to Torque Script Programming.

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Transcript of Dr. Ken Hoganson, Kennesaw State University Introduction to Torque Script Programming.