Dr Dennis R VAN PUYVELDEDr Dennis R VAN PUYVELDE

Technical and International Project ManagerTechnical and International Project Manager

Cooperative Research Centre forCooperative Research Centre for

Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC)Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC)

Onshore storage and monitoring:the Otway Basin Project

International Workshop on Power Generation with Carbon Capture and Storage22-23 January 2008 Ashok Hotel Delhi

© CO2CRC.All rights reserved.

Project Description

Site Selection

Monitoring & Verification

• Atmospheric monitoring

• Geochemical monitoring

• Geophysical monitoring

• Naylor 1 assemble

Conclusion

Presentation Outline

CO2CRC Otway Project

Otway Project Goals

• Contribute towards CO2CRC Vision and Mission.

– Demonstrate that CCS is technically feasible and environmentally safe.

– Facilitate research into new monitoring technologies

– Offer opportunities for trial and experimentation thereby supporting education/training in greenhouse gas technologies

• Specifically demonstrate to the satisfaction of stakeholders that Specifically demonstrate to the satisfaction of stakeholders that

– COCO22 can be can be safely produced, transported and injectedsafely produced, transported and injected into the sub-surface into the sub-surface

– COCO22 can be can be safely storedsafely stored

– Subsurface behaviour of the injected CO2 can be effectively modeled and monitored

– Storage Volume can be verified as far as possible

– Build public support for CCS as a mitigation mechanism

Project Location

• A source of carbon dioxide

• Oil and gas tenements available at an affordable price

• Large amount of exploration and production data

• Infrastructure in place

• Gas had demonstrably been trapped for a long time

• Community familiar with the oil industry (plus and minus)

• Logistically accessible

• Adequate storage capacity & favourable geology

© CO2CRC.All rights reserved.

What were factors that led to the choice of the Otway Project site?

Reservoir Modelling & Simulation

Objectives:• To address risk in the inherent uncertainty of reservoir heterogeneity• To assess likely flow behaviour of any injected CO2

How to reduce uncertainties?• CRC-1 findings (cores & logs) to refine the reservoir modeling & simulation• Other data (i.e. seismics)

How to be sure?• Reservoir modeling & simulation peer-reviewed = certification of injection plan• Results from reservoir modeling & simulation to be confirmed by M&V

March 2008

Dec. 2008

Dec. 2010

Simulation Results: CO2 in Cross-sectional View

CO2 arrival

CO2 around CRC-1

CO2 in Naylor-1

• Injection @ 3 MMscf/d • Breakthrough 6-8 months• Up 100,000 tonnes of CO2 to be injected• Gas mixture from Buttress-1 is to be injected (78.8 mol% CO2) • Dissolution, residual trapping, diffusion are considered in model

Monitoring and Verification is a key part of CCS

lateral migration

Injected Carbon Dioxide

Surface Ecosystems

Confining Layer(s)

Saline Water

Atmosphere

buoyant vertical migration

localised seepage

HydrologyGeochemistry

Soil gas

Atmospheric

AssuranceMonitoring

Storage IntegrityMonitoring

Remote GeophysicsGeochemical Sampling

Seal

M&V activities for Otway ProjectActivities Pre-injection During inj. (16 months) Post Injection

Static & Dynamic Modeling Yes (updated & peer-reviewed) To be updated No

Geomechanical Modeling Yes (updated with CRC-1 data) To be updated No

Risk Assessment QRA 1 & 2 QRA 3 & 4 QRA 5

Atmospheric MonitoringLo Flo/ Flux TowerFlask samplingCO2 sniffers

ContinuousOnce/ monthNot installed

ContinuousOnce/monthContinuous

ContinuousTwice a yearContinuous

Surface MonitoringWater levelsWater chemistrySoil gasHeadspace gas

ContinuousTwice a year4 trips1 trip

ContinuousTwice a yearOnce/year4 times

ContinuousTwice once/yrOne/year NoTwice a year

Downhole Geochemistry MonitoringU-tube (*3)P/T measurements (CRC-1 & Naylor-1)

OnceContinuous

Once/week to breakthroughContinuous

TBD NoTBD

Geophysics3D surface seismicVSPs (CRC-1 & Naylor-1)HRTTMicroseismicLogging (CRC-1 & Naylor-1)

One surveyOne surveyOne surveyContinuousOnce

OncePeriodically for Naylor-1TBDContinuousNo

OncePeriodically (N1)NoContinuousOnce

Sampling

• Flux Tower & Lo-Flo Tower

• Flask sampling

• Continuous in situ air and soil flux sampling (CO2 sniffers)

Results

• Large pre-existing background variation in CO2 + other gases’ concentrations (Lo-Flo measurements + flask samples)

• Emissions from CO2 storage: likely to be small

• Leakage of stored CO2 could be discriminated isotopically (13C)

• 3 ppm elevation of CO2 detected during CRC-1 drilling operation

Atmospheric Monitoring

Towards CRC-1 siteFlux Tower

Air Monitoring (Lo Flo & Flux Tower)

Lo-Flo & air monitoring centre

Atmospheric Monitoring

Groundwater/Gas Monitoring

• Groundwater level measurements: Dataloggers installed in Feb 07 and downloaded twice per year until 2010

• Groundwater chemistry:– Characterisation of the shallow waters: low salinity, pH neutral, Na-Ca-HCO3-Cl

composition– Frequency: once per year until 2010

• 4 baseline soil gas trips completed– Frequency: once per year until 2010

• Head Space Gas Survey– Presence, concentration and distribution of gases (including CO2) within selected

boreholes– One baseline trip undertaken, 4 time per year until 2010

Downhole sampling

• Tracers plan finalised (Kr, CD4, SF6)

• Downhole Geochemical Monitoring (U-tube)

Geochemical Monitoring

Geochemical Monitoring

Geophysical MonitoringTechniques

– 3D Surface seismic– 3D Vertical seismic profiling (Naylor-1 & CRC-1)– High Resolution Travel Time (Naylor-1)– Continuous microseismic

Seismic tested

Baseline seismic completed by Feb 2008

Patch 2.375” ID; 27’ long2028-2035 m

Rod 0.75” O.D.

2040 m Depth

Casing 2.9” I.D.

80oC17 MPa (2500psi)

2055 m

2050 m

2045 m

2030 m

2025 m

2020 mBottom hole

assemblyNaylor 1

Total Depth: 2060 m

Perf

Perf

Packer

Geophone with clamp (1.125 V - 1.5”? 3C)

Hydrophone (1.25”)

Pressure/Temp andU-tube Inlet

Integrated Sonde

GasWater

Integrated monitoring assembly

• 3 geophones, 3 hydrophones and 2 P/T sensors below the packer

• 3 U-Tubes:– In the gas, below GWC, Water

• 3 three-component geophones above the packer

• An array of 8 single component geophones above these

Down hole seismic and U-tube sampling successfully installed & tested by LBNL and CO2CRC researchers in Oct 07.

Inlet gas processing equipment is now on site. We will soon be completing pipeline constructions.

Long term liability issues resolved.

Expect to start injection in March 2008.

CO2CRC Otway Project – Summary

CO2CRC ProjectOPERATIONS

– CRC-1 successfully drilled (Feb 2007)– Downhole geochemical and geophysical assembly installed and tested at Naylor 1– Surface plant currently under construction (to be commissioned in Feb 2008)– Pipeline to be installed by end Jan– Expect to start injection in March 2008

SCIENCE– Baseline monitoring studies completed by Feb 2008

APPROVALS– All regulatory approvals granted– CPPL approval to start injection– Long term liability issues resolved– Landowner issues resolved

Industry Contributors:

OBPP Financial contributors

Research Contributors:

Government Contributors:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Dr Sandeep SharmaDr Sandeep SharmaDr Peter CookDr Peter Cook

Dr Thomas BerlyDr Thomas BerlyCO2CRC Otway ResearchersCO2CRC Otway Researchers

Information - www.co2crc.com.au - dvanpuyvelde@co2crc.com.au